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59 records returned

Image, text and Observatio: the Codex Kentmanus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper examines the inter-relationship between image, text and object in the Codex Kentmanus, which is one of the earliest records of the plants in the botanical garden at Padua, studied by Johannes Kentmann (1518-77). The manuscript shows that "observation" for Kentmann involved a gradual process of assimilating knowledge from other physicians, apothecaries, and books in order to make the plants which were originally encountered at a specific time and place into a more generalised object of study for learned physicians. PMID: 19852380 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - October 27, 2009 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Kusukawa S Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The simple ontology of kalăm atomism: an outline.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The simple ontology of kalăm atomism: an outline. Early Sci Med. 2009;14(1-3):68-78 Authors: Sabra AI This paper aims to present concisely the Islamic kalăm atomism as an alternative philosophy to Hellenizing falsafa. Kalăm is a theological-philosophical discourse which, first (in the third/ninth century) ventured to rival the falsafa represented early by al-Kindĭ (d.ca. 252/866), then by al-Fărăbĭ and Avicenna in the fourth/tenth and fifth/ eleventh centuries, and which eventually (in the sixth/twelfth century and after) appeared to be inclined to propose a mingling of...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Sabra AI Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Footprints of "experiment" in early Arabic optics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study traces the early developments of the concept of experiment with a view of extending the subject in both content and approach. It extends the content of the subject slightly backward, prior to the methodological breakthroughs of the Optics of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen or Alhacen, d. ca. 1040), which are credited as a "significant landmark in the history of experimental science." And it extends the approach to the subject slightly forward, from the premise that early science was "largely carried out in books," to a close examination of the books through which the footprints of'experiment' may be traced. The point of...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Kheirandish E Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The "experience-based medicine" of the thirteenth century.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We should not assume that medieval physicians did not take pains to found their practice upon evidence. Academic physicians at Montpellier ca. 1300 were cautious about accepting textbook claims for the powers of drugs, and tried to verify each drug's physiological effects before using it; yet they were also flexible, ready to believe that powerful new medicines might be discovered empirically that were unknown to their authorities or superficially inconsistent with existing knowledge. Likewise, physicians were careful to observe their patients closely and to try to identify the condition from which each was suffering, ...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: History of Medicine Authors: McVaugh M Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The intellect naturalized: Roger Bacon on the existence of corporeal species within the intellect.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this paper I challenge the claim that Bacon considered the operation of species as limited to the physical and sensory levels and demonstrate that in his view, the very same species issued by physical objects operate within the intellect as well. I argue that in Bacon the concept of illumination plays a secondary role in the acquisition of knowledge, and that he regarded innate knowledge as dispositional and confused. What was left as the main channel through which knowledge is gained were species received through the senses. I argue that according to Bacon these species, representing their agents in essence, defini...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Raizman-Kedar Y Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Magic and the physical world in thirteenth-century scholasticism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The turn to modern science in the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century is typically characterized as dependent on the novel adoption of a mechanical hypothesis for operations in nature. In fact, the Middle Ages saw a partial anticipation of this phenomenon in the scholastic physics of the thirteenth century. More precisely, it was just the two factors, denial of action at a distance and an emphasis on the primary materiality of causation, that constituted this early mechanism--or "protomechanism." The latter's emergence can be seen most clearly where scholastic thinkers-here, William of Auvergne, Thomas Aqu...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Marrone SP Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Doctor's order: an early modern doctor's alchemical notebooks.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This is a case study on a series of at least thirty-four sixteenth-century notebooks from the Sloane collection, which reconsiders early modern notetaking techniques and the organisation of knowledge. These notebooks were written by an anonymous compiler, a physician who read widely in the alchemical and medical literature available in his lifetime, the late sixteenth century. In the alchemica, he devotes individual volumes to specific alchemical substances, which are connected with each other by means of a complex system of cross-referencing; they are constantly revised and change appearance according to the physician...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - June 14, 2008 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Timmermann A Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

"Paradoxes, absurdities, and madness": conflict over alchemy, magic and medicine in the works of Andreas Libavius and Heinrich Khunrath.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article considers these differences in the two graduates' theses, both as intimations of their subsequent divergent notions of the boundaries of alchemy and its relations with medicine and magic, and also as evidence of the surprisingly unstable academic status of Paracelsian philosophy in Basel, its main publishing centre, at the end of the sixteenth century. PMID: 18548903 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - June 14, 2008 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Forshaw PJ Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

"The doctor quarrels with some pictures": exegesis and animals in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia epidemica.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This essay explores Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia epidemica (1646), with its lengthy book on 'errors' in animal lore. In the limited critical literature on Browne's natural history, this author is generally seen as stumbling towards a zoological idiom and clearing away the emblematic 'clutter' of earlier writers on natural history--Gesner, Aldrovandi, Topsell or Franzius. This essay proposes that Browne is working with a more complex set of co-ordinates in his thought, beyond his experimental inclinations and his Aristotelian assumptions. It will explore the extent to which his studies of animals emerge from, and duplica...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - October 11, 2007 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Killeen K Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Who invented 'Avicenna's gilded pills'?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article questions the belief expressed in various histories of pharmacy that the tenth-century Arab physician Avicenna introduced the tradition of coating pills with gold and silver. Although an examination of his Canon documents Avicenna's interest in the medicinal application of gold and silver, no mention is made of coating pills. Nor do other Islamic physicians seem to have been familiar with this practice, any more than such medieval European authors as Arnaldus of Villanova, Raymund Lull or Johannes de Rupescissa. The same is true of medicinal compendia representative of later periods, such as the Ortus sanitati...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2006 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Bela Z Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The hidden order of preformation: plans, functions, and hierarchies in the organic systems of Louis Bourguet, Charles Bonnet and Georges Cuvier.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In eighteenth-century French natural history, the notion of preformation was not only a model for a small preexisting embryo that gradually extended its shape through the influx of particles, but also for an order that coordinated the dynamic relation between organic parts. Preformation depended therefore also on a hidden order behind the continuity of visible forms. Louis Bourguet, Charles Bonnet, and Georges Cuvier distinguished three organizational levels: First, the synchronic or functional order of organic systems; second, the diachronic order of the initiation of mechanical processes; and third, the hierarchical ...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2006 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Cheung T Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Ludwig Edelstein at the crossroads of 1933. On the inseparability of life, work, and their reverberations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article takes some first steps towards the establishment of the intellectual biography of the medical historian, classicist, and moral philosopher Ludwig Edelstein (1902-1965). Based on scattered archival records, it sheds light on Edelstein's early career in Germany, the decisions he was forced to make in 1933 when he left Germany and the events that led to his appointment as associate professor at Baltimore's Johns Hopkins University in the autumn of 1934. The representative nature of Edelstein's case will be highlighted in terms of both the history of exile and the history of the academic disciplines involved (medi...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2006 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Rütten T Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The "sceptical crisis" reconsidered: Galen, rational medicine and the libertas philosophandi.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper reassesses the role of sceptical thinking in the emergence of the new science of the seventeenth century, in the context of the seminal but contestable History of Scepticism by Richard Popkin. It investigates the anti-sceptical essay by Galen De optimo modo docendi (on the best method of teaching), which was retranslated in the sixteenth century by Erasmus and later published as an adjunct to the works of Sextus Empiricus, in order to highlight the currency of ideas about hyperbolic doubt, and links this to the long tradition of free enquiry (libertas philosophandi) in which doubting authority is seen as a p...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2006 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Maclean I Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Niccolo da Reggio's translations of Galen and their reception in France.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the first half of the fourteenth century, Niccolò da Reggio translated more than fifty works by Galen from Greek into Latin, and by mid-century most if not all of them had reached the papal court at Avignon, where Guy de Chauliac praised their accuracy and cited them regularly in his Great Surgery of 1363. Yet contemporary physicians at nearby Montpellier almost never referred to them, ordinarily preferring to quote from the older Arabic-Latin translations. Examining a particular context, the ways in which urological conditions were described in the old and new versions of Galen, suggests that medical teachers ...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2006 Category: History of Medicine Authors: McVaugh MR Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Medicine and moral virtue in the Expositio Problematum Aristotelis of Peter of Abano.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper examines a set of questions concerning moralia in Peter of Abano's Expositio Problematum (1310) and shows that its author takes a naturalistic approach, heavily reliant on medical doctrine, to propose that not only the lower virtues, but also those dependent on the rational soul, are closely tied to physiological states. For the irrational soul, this close connection with the body is not surprising. However, in the case of the rational virtues, the dependence on the body is more unusual and offers a significant example of Peter's application of medical doctrine beyond the established bounds of the discipline...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2006 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Klemm M Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Galenic Dietetics. [Review of: Grant M. Galen on food and diet. London, Routledge, 2000]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 15040391 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Rocca J Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Introduction science in early modern east Asia: State patronage, circulation,and the production of books.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 15043046 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Jami C Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The Golden Mirror in the imperial court of the Qianlong emperor, 1739-1742.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the last month of 1739, the third f the Manchu rulers, the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736-1795), ordered the compilation of a treatise on medicine "to rectify medical knowledge" throughout the empire. By the end of 1742, eighty participants chosen from several offices within the palace bureaucracy based in Beijing completed the Golden Mirror of the Orthodox Lineage of Medicine, the only imperially commissioned medical text the Qing government's Imperial Printing Office published. The Golden Mirror represents both the limitations in the power of the Qianlong emperor and the dominance in the Manchu court of Chinese scholar...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Hanson M Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

When science develops outside state patronage: Dutch studies in Japan at the turn of the nineteenth century.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article shows how this difference contributes to explaining some of the particularities of rangaku in its initial phase. A case in point is Shizuki Tadao's introduction of Newtonian physics and astronomy. Yet, Sugita Genpaku, a major representative of the Edo scholarly community, gave an account of the beginning of Dutch learning that attempted to minimise, or even to erase, the contribution of the Nagasaki interpreters, who were dismissed as unscholarly. This attempt, too, is best understood in the light of the difference between the two communities. PMID: 15043048 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Horiuchi A Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

[Saints as protectors against falling sickness]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Christian Europe of the High Middle Ages, saints played a central role in the everyday life of the ailing. Alongside healing attempts which involved magic and/or scientifically-based medicine, the invocation of specific patron saints for protection against evils or for the curing of ailments was a widespread practise. A large choice of patron saints was "ävailable" for a wide range of diseases, especially those nowadays classified as neurologic or psychiatric. For the falling sickness alone, e.g., there is evidence of some twenty patron saints reputed to have a particular involvement. Surprisingly, there is no ...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Moog FP, Karenberg A Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Paracelsianism and the orthodox lutheran rejection of vital philosophy in early seventeenth-century Denmark.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Paracelsian medicine and natural philosophy was formed during the Radical Reformation and incorporated metaphysical propositions that were incompatible with the Lutheran confession as codified in the Confessio Augustana and elaborated in the ultra-orthodox Formula of Concord. Although Paracelsian ideas and practices were endorsed by important philosophers and physicians in late-sixteenth century Denmark without raising serious alarm, the imposition of strict Lutheran orthodoxy in the Danish Church and a concomitant resurgence of Aristotelian philosophy drew attention to the religious heterodoxies inherent in Paracelsia...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Shackelford J Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Plague and more plagues. [Review of: Cohn, SK, Jr. The black death transformed: disease and culture in early renaissance Europe. London, Edward Arnold, 2003; Scott S and Duncan CJ. The biology of plagues: evidence from historical populations. London, Cambridge University Press, 2001]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 15043056 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Carmichael A Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Ignatius of Loyola on medical education. Or: Should today's Jesuits continue to run health sciences schools?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There are present 28 Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States, which together offer more than 50 health sciences degree programs. But as the Society's membership is shrinking and the financial risks involved in sponsoring health sciences education are rising, the question arises whether the Society should continue to sponsor health sciences degree programs. In fact, at least eight Jesuit health sciences schools have already closed their doors. This paper attempts to contribute to the resolution of this urgent question by reexamining Ignatius own views on health sciences education and, more specifically, hi...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2003 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Welie JV Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Francisco Vallés and the Renaissance reinterpretation of Aristotle's Meteorologica IV as a medical text.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Francisco Vallés and the Renaissance reinterpretation of Aristotle's Meteorologica IV as a medical text. Early Sci Med. 2002;7(1):1-30 Authors: Martin C In this paper I describe the context and goals of Francisco Vallés In IV librum Meteorologicorum commentaria (1558). Vallés' work stands as a landmark because it interprets a work of Aristotle's natural philosophy specifically for medical doctors and medical theory. Vallés' commentary is representative of new understandings of Galenic-Hippocratic medicine that emerged as a result of expanding textual knowledge. These approaches are evident i...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Martin C Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Fermentation, phlogiston and matter theory: chemistry and natural philosophy in Georg Ernst Stahl's Zymotechnia Fundamentalis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper examines Georg Ernst Stahl's first book, the Zymotechnia Fundamentalis, in the context of contemporary natural philosophy and the author's career. I argue that the Zymotechnia was a mechanical theory of fermentation written consciously against the influential "fermentational program" of Joan Baptista van Helmont and especially Thomas Willis, Stahl's theory of fermentation introduced his first conception of phlogiston, which was in part a corpuscular transformation of the Paracelsian sulphur principle. Meanwhile some assumptions underlying this theory, such as the composition of matter, the absolute passivity...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Chang KM Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The certitude of astrology: The scientific methodology of Al-Qabīsī and Abū Ma'shar.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The certitude of astrology: The scientific methodology of Al-Qabīsī and Abū Ma'shar. Early Sci Med. 2002;7(3):198-213 Authors: Burnett C Abū Ma'shar (787-886) and al-Qābīsī (mid-10th century) were active astrologers and defenders of the scientific character of their discipline. They wrote works on criticisms brought forward against the discipline and challenged practitioners whom they considered as detrimental for the esteem and future fate of their science. Nevertheless, both writers can be seen as heirs to a single tradition of thought, which took its origins in Ptole...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Burnett C Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The consilia attributed to Arnau de Vilanova.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article furthermore documents the degree to which the actual cures prescribed by the physician in the consilia agreed with the doctrinal works of the Galenic tradition. It is explained how medieval university-trained physician had to compete with other practitioners and how they tried to outrival them by applying the doctrines of learned medicine to the individual cases at hand. PMID: 15040374 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Giralt S Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

"Morbus," Locke and Boyle - A response to Peter Anstey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 15040382 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Walmsley J Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Leprosy: Medical views of leviticus rabba.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses chapters 15 and 16 of the ancient midrash (allegorical commentary) Leviticus Rabba (IV -V AD) and its view of leprosy. The phenomenon of Biblical leprosy is here not investigated from a paleo-pathological point of view. The focus lies on its physiological, aetiological, pathological and therapeutic aspects as represented in Leviticus Rabba. It is argued that the medical views of Leviticus Rabba show a certain resemblance to some of the view of the Hippocratic School, notably with respect to humoral theory, the belief in the correspondence between the macrocosm and the individual microcosm, and the no...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Ostrer BS Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Criticism of authority in the writings of Moses Maimonides and Fakhr Al-Dīn Al-Rāzī.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study the critiques of two contemporaneous scholars, Moses Maimonides and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, are compared. Maimonides criticized Hellenistic authorities, mainly Aritotle. However, the starting point for his critique was Aristotle's admission of the limitations of his own inquiries. Maimonides admired Aristotle's questioning of his own conclusions, indeed, his own thought was characterized by constant selfdoubt. Al-Rāzī criticized an earlier Muslim scholar, Ibn Sinā (Avicenna), an intellectual giant whose imprint was strongly felt in philosophy and medicine. Al Rāzī...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Langermann YT Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Robert Boyle and Locke's "Morbus"entry: A reply to J.C. Walmsley.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 15045994 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2002 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Anstey PR Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Introduction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 11873782 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2001 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Siraisi NG Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The University of Leiden: an eclectic institution.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leiden University was founded in 1575, not only in the midst of great political turmoil, but also in a time that experimented intensely with new forms of higher education. In due course Leiden was to choose an eclectic attitude, remaining loyal on the one hand to late medieval, scholastic traditions, but on the other hand emancipating the arts faculty in agreement with humanist ideas. The thesis this article wants to examine is that the curriculum of Leiden University during the first 75 years of its existence was characterised by a high level of pre-university, Latin schooling, and, linked up with this, a differentiat...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2001 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Otterspeer W Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

"Professionalization" and "confessionalization": the place of physics, philosophy, and arts instruction at Central European academic institutions during the Reformation era.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, physics was regularly taught as part of instruction in philosophy and the arts at Central European schools and universities. However, physics did not have a special or privileged status within that instruction. Three general indicators of this lack of special status are suggested in this article. First, teachers of physics usually were paid less than teachers of most other university-level subject-matters. Second, very few Central European academics during this period appear to have made a career out of teaching physics. And third, Reformation Era schools and univer...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2001 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Freedman JS Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Global history of science comes of age. [Review of: McClellan, JE 3d; Dorn, H. Science and technology in world history: an introduction. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 11876171 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2001 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Cohen HF Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Anatomizing the Renaissance. [Review of: Carlino A. Books of the body. Anatomical ritual and Renaissance learning. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2000; French R. Dissection and vivisection in the European Renaissance. Aldershot and Brookfield, VT, Ashgate, 1999; French R. Ancients and moderns in the medical sciences. From Hippocrates to Harvey. Aldershot and Brookfield, VT, Ashgate, 2000]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 15025109 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2001 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Guerrini A Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Authorship and teamwork around the Cimento Academy: mathematics, anatomy, experimental philosophy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
it for granted. Prior to the twentieth century, however, multiple authorship was exceedingly rare. This essay addresses the issue of whether in the past collaboration was less common or was acknowledged in different forms. I focus on the 1660s circle of intellectuals fluctuating around the Cimento Academy because the Cimento is generally considered the first academy devoted to experimental philosophy, this essay highlights the existence of a wide range of conventions about authorship even within a geographically and temporally limited area, and suggests that collaboration was more common than title pages would suggest. ...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2001 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Authorship and teamwork around the Cimento Academy: mathematics, anatomy, experimental philosophy. Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Patient's revenge: judging healers in early modern Italy. [Review of: Pomata G. Contracting a cure. Patients, healers and the law in early modern Bologna. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998; Gentilcore D. Healers and healing in early modern Italy. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1998]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 15072043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2001 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Baldwin M Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Alchemy in popular culture: Leonardo Fioravanti and the search for the philosopher's stone.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article examines the alchemical ideas and practices of the sixteenth-century Italian surgeon Leonardo Fioravanti. I argue that Fioravanti's "search for the philosopher's stone" was as much an effort at self-fashioning as a search for alchemical gold. Exploiting the fashion for alchemical drugs, he framed a "new theory" of healing that relied on the use of distilled drugs as a means of purging bodily corruptions. His theory resonated with popular culture, and made him the focus of an alternative medical movement. I conclude that Fioravanti's alchemy was not Paracelsianism, but relied much more on more immediate sources...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - May 1, 2000 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Eamon W Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Epigenesis of the monstrous form and preformistic 'genetics' (Lemery - Winslow - Haller).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present essay analyzes an eighteenth-century phase of the querelle des monstres and highlights two main points. 1) As the cases of Lemery and Winslow demonstrate, in the period when preformation was the dominant view, the dispute over the origin of monsters carried into the very field of preformation the contrast which had originally opposed it to the now defeated model of epigenesis, namely the alternative between mechanical genesis and pre-existence of the monstrous form itself. 2) One of the most important episodes in the shift of teratology from a primarily theological or metaphysical issue to a purely natural ...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2000 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Monti MT Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The vernacularization of science, medicine, and technology in late medieval Europe: broadening our perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The "vernacularization" of medieval texts dealing with scientific subjects was a more complicated process than earlier views would suggest. While popularizations were certainly important, some vernacular texts were written for specialists (especially in medicine). Certain texts describing practical knowledge had no Latin original to draw from or relied on models from Antiquity quite unrelated to contemporary practice. Their study is further complicated by the state of research, which in some cases is relatively good (e.g. treatises on hunting) but in others doesn't even allow for a preliminary overview (e.g. surgeries)...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2000 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Grossgrove W Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Caught in the electronic revolution. Observations and analyses by some historians of science, medicine, technology, and philosophy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 11624446 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2000 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Luthy C Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Evidence, logic, the rule and the exception in Renaissance law and medicine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article sets out to investigate aspects of the uptake of Renaissance law and medicine from some of the logical and natural-philosophical components of the university arts course. Medicine is shown to have a much laxer operative logic than law, reflecting its commitment to the theory of idiosyncrasy as opposed to the demands made upon the law by the need for a uniform application of justice. Symptomatic of the different uptake are the contrasting meanings of "regulariter" and "generaliter" in the two disciplines. Whereas the law treats the rule as inviolable and the exception as only valid if made explicit in due legal...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2000 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Maclean I Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Morbus-Locke's early essay on disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
John Locke engaged in a systematic study of medicine from the late 1650's. In this period he acquainted himself with the three main competing natural philosophical theories of the time -Galenism, Paracelsianism and Mechanism. He was particularly interested in the work of Sennert, Helmont and Doyle. In 1666, just after the publication of Boyle's The Origine of Formes and Qualities, Locke wrote a short paper entitled Morbus. This paper gave Locke's own view of the nature of disease. Locke went out of his way to criticise Boyle's attempts to give mechanical explanations for biological phenomena. He endorsed Helmont's theo...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - January 1, 2000 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Walmsley J Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Vernacularization as an intellectual and social bridge. The Catalan translations of Teodorico's Chirurgia and of Arnau de Vilanova's Regimen Sanitatis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study analyzes the dissemination and readership of two medieval medical works in Catalan. Combining the use of diverse sources such as the manuscripts themselves, post-mortem inventories, and the prologues written by the translators, the study shows how the diffusion of these works exemplifies the two main audiences to which vernacular texts were addressed. These were, on the one hand, literate but not Latinate surgeons and other practitioners interested in the new medicine emanating from the emerging universities; and on the other, nobles and burghers interested in issues of health and disease and in natural philosop...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - May 1, 1999 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Cifuentes L Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

The English vernacular afterlife of Benvenutus Grassus, opthalmologist.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper traces the history in print of a treatise on ophthalmology by Benvenutus Grassus, De probatissima arte oculorum, originally written in Latin in the late thirteenth century and translated into English in the fifteenth century. It presents evidence of the appearance in print of the English translation as a section of Philip Barrough's The Method of Phisicke in 1583, a book that went through ten subsequent reprintings, the last appearing in 1652. Other evidence is presented on the influence of Benvenutus treatise in ophthalmological works published in the earlier half of the seventeenth century, and both greate...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - May 1, 1999 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Eldredge LM Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Leibniz on the unicorn and various other curiosities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
I discuss some of Leibniz's pronouncements about fringe phenomena--various monsters; talking dogs; genies and prophets; unicorns, glossopetrae, and other games of nature--in order to understand better Leibniz's views on science and the role these curiosities play in his plans for scientific academies and societies. However, given that Leibniz's sincerity has been called into question in twentieth-century secondary literature, I begin with a few historiographical remarks so as to situate these pronouncements within the Leibnizian corpus. What emerges is an image of Leibniz as a sober, cautious interpreter, a skeptic one...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - November 1, 1998 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Ariew R Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

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PMID: 11620557 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)
Source: Early Science and Medicine - November 1, 1998 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Bakker PJ Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

Subterranean Fire. Changing theories of the earth during the Renaissance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aristotle described the earth as a cold and dry body and paid no attention to the phenomenon of terrestrial heat. Renaissance physicians, by contrast, when seeking to understand the origin of hot springs in the context of their balneological studies, came to defend a theory of subterranean fires. This tradition, which started in Italy, became widely known through the works of Georgius Agricola. But although it had implications for the explanation of further natural phenomena, it remained almost exclusively confined to medical circles. As far as physics as an academic discipline was concerned, the ideas concerning subte...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - November 1, 1998 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Vermij R Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals

A medieval scientific encyclopedia "renewed by goodly printing"; Wynkyn de Worde's English De proprietatibus rerum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Wynkyn de Worde published c. 1495 the first printed edition of John Trevisa's English translation of an influential work of science composed by Bartholomew the Englishman in Latin in the thirteenth century, De Proprietatibus Rerum (DPR). The design of the Worde's book, the use of Latin in the rubrics, and the visual vocabulary of the illustrations bring readers of English into the circle of learning. First, the plan of organization of Bartholomew's encyclopedic work is analyzed and both that structure and the expository style of the work are related to memorial reading and use as a textbook. Next, the widespread use of...
Source: Early Science and Medicine - May 1, 1998 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Holbrook SE Tags: Early Sci Med Source Type: journals