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RAS Mutation-Positive Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising in a Struma OvariiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here a case with RAS mutation detected in a malignant struma ovarii. The patient is a 38-year-old female who had a 2.4 cm ovarian cyst noted incidentally on a first trimester ultrasound. She proceeded to ovarian cystectomy post-delivery, with pathologic examination detecting a papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular variant, arising in a cystic teratoma. The tumor was tested for BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC mutations. HRAS codon 61 mutation was identified. This is the first report of RAS mutation detected in the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma arising in a struma ovarii. It provides evidence that tum...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 6, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Analysis of IMP3 Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Human Pituitary TissuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but rarely found in adult benign tissues. In various tumors, IMP3 expression is correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and reduced overall survival. To our knowledge, IMP3 expression has not been investigated in pituitary tumors. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of IMP3 in five normal pituitary tissues and 75 pituitary tumors (64 adenomas and 11 carcinomas) to determine if specific tumor types expressed IMP3 and if there were differences in I...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 6, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Solid Cell Nests in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Sharing Features with Papillary Thyroid MicrocarcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Solid cell nests (SCN) associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may show some atypical nuclear features including prominent nuclear grooves, enlarged overlapping nuclei and nuclear clearing. These features are sometimes mistaken for papillary thyroid microcarcinomas especially when the SCN are numerous. We reviewed SCN associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in 12 patients selected from 1,420 archival routinely processed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded thyroid specimens of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in which there was more than ten SCN per slide. In addition to the atypical nuclear features, the...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - October 7, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Clinicopathological Characterization of TSH-Producing Adenomas: Special Reference to TSH-immunoreactive but Clinically Non-functioning AdenomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH))-producing pituitary adenomas have been known to be quite variable in clinical features covering from typical functioning TSH-producing adenomas (FTSHomas) associated with hyperthyroidism to clinically silent TSH cell adenomas (STAs) that are apparently unassociated with hyperthyroidism. It is important to distinguish STAs from other types of clinically non-functioning adenomas for adequate postoperative managements. However, because of rareness of TSH-producing adenomas, their histopathological features linking to the clinical manifestations have not b...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - September 24, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Intraductal Pancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Intraductal lesions of the pancreas are usually due to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and the less common intraductal tubular adenoma. Cases of acinar cell carcinoma within intraductal location have also been encountered recently. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rarely encountered within the main pancreatic duct. A 74-year-old male presented with non-specific abdominal symptoms and was found to have an obstructive lesion in the main pancreatic duct with associated chronic pancreatitis. A distal pancreatectomy was performed which revealed a solid and cystic tumor measuring 6 × 3 ×�...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - September 17, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Adequacy and Diagnostic Accuracy of Aspiration vs. Capillary Fine Needle Thyroid BiopsiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Thyroid nodules can be biopsied by fine needle aspiration (FNA) or fine needle capillary (FNC) biopsies. However, there is controversy on whether one technique is superior to another. In a randomized cytopathologist-blinded cross-sectional study, 260 patients (238 females, age 43.2 ± 12.6) with nodular (82.7%) and diffuse goiter (17.3%) underwent 520 FNAs and 520 FNCs (not guided by ultrasound). Smears were scored for sample adequacy, and diagnosed as malignant, benign, suspicious, or nondiagnostic. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated based on the histological findings of 58 patients submitted t...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - September 16, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Loss of Cytochrome P450 17A1 Protein Expression in a 17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase-Deficient 46,XY Female Caused by Two Novel Mutations in the CYP17A1 GeneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract 17α-Hydroxylase deficiency (17OHD) is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by mutations in the CYP17A1 gene. This condition shows considerable clinical and biochemical variation. Molecular characterization of novel mutations in the CYP17A1 gene and detailed study of their structural, enzymatic, and clinical consequences are required to fully understand enzyme behavior. Here, we present the first molecular characterization of two novel mutations in CYP17A1 in a 15-year-old female Mexican mestizo 46,XY female with primary amenorrhea and lack of pubertal development and severe hypertens...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - September 3, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Tumor-to-tumor Metastases to Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Studies of Two Unusual CasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Tumor-to-tumor metastasis in thyroid neoplasms is exceedingly uncommon. Two unusual cases of breast carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma metastatic to follicular variant papillary carcinoma are reported. On histologic sections, the donor tumor cells infiltrated the substance of the recipient tumor and the angiolymphatic channels, but the bulk of metastatic tumor was confined within the thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains as well as molecular studies confirmed the origin of both donor tumors, as well as the diagnosis of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in the recipient tumors. Distin...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - August 25, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Microvessel Density and Area in Pituitary MicroadenomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Microvessel density (MVD) and area (MVA) were assessed in 53 clinically silent pituitary microadenomas and in surrounding normal pituitary tissue using CD34 immunostaining and digital image analysis system. Twenty-one microadenomas (40%) were avascular; in the others, both MVD and MVA were significantly lower than in the normal pituitary tissue. No significant differences in MVD and MVA were found between hormonally immunonegative and immunopositive tumors or between different hormonal subtypes of immunopositive microadenomas. In microadenomas and in normal pituitary tissue, MVD and MVA were not sig...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - August 24, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Case Report: Adrenal LH/hCG Receptor Overexpression and Gene Amplification Causing Pregnancy-Induced Cushing’s SyndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the clinical, molecular, and genetic features of a patient with pregnancy-induced CS. A 29-year-old female patient developed CS during multiple pregnancies, leading to repeated miscarriage. Signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism resolved soon after delivery or abortion, only to recur in subsequent pregnancies. In the non-pregnant state, hCG stimulation testing resulted in elevated cortisol levels. Serum cortisol was not suppressible with dexamethasone. The adrenals exhibited bilateral adrenal cortical nodular hyperplasia. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a 2-fold increase in LHCGR and progesterone receptor mRNA ...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - August 24, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

A Case of Amyloid Goiter Associated with Intrathyroid Parathyroid and Lymphoepithelial CystEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we add a new classic case of amyloid goiter that differs from other reported cases in its association with intrathyroid parathyroid and lymphoepthelial cyst involved with amyloidosis. The presence of parathyroid tissue inside the thyroid parenchyma and surrounded by amyloid material elicited a diagnostic problem due to suspected medullary carcinoma. Careful histological examination and immunohistochemical staining for parathormone and calcitonin have largely helped in the differential diagnosis. Bilaterality, diffuse, and homogeneous involvement of the thyroid gland, with absence of definite masses, al...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - August 20, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

The Correlation Between Intestinal Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Proglucagon in Hyperlipidemic Rats and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Our experiment investigated the mRNA expression of intestinal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), proglucagon (PG), and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of rats fed with high-fat diet and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and revealed the physiological role of intestinal GnRH. We found that the GnRH and PG mRNA levels in high-cholesterol (HCh) diet were higher than in the control. However, the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and GLP-1R mRNA levels did not differ significantly between HCh and control. The GnRH, PG, and GLP-1R mRNA levels in GK rats were lower, respectively, t...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - August 11, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Extra-adrenal Composite Paraganglioma with Ganglioneuroma Component Presenting as a Pancreatic MassEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Paragangliomas may have composite forms in which they combine features of a typical paraganglioma with those of a neural component consisting of either neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, or ganglioneuroma. These variants are rare and generally located in the adrenal. Herein, we describe a retroperitoneal, extra-adrenal composite paraganglioma–ganglioneuroma of a 57-year-old woman. Radiological evaluation revealed a nodular mass with apparent pancreatic location, with findings suggestive of an endocrine tumor, yielding the diagnosis of a pancreatic endocrine tumor. At histology the neoplasm, stri...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - July 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Vasculopathic Changes, a Somatostatin-Producing Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and a Jejunal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Patient with Type 1 NeurofibromatosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 36-year-old male with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) presented with symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Imaging showed a periampullary mass, which on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biopsy proved to be a somatostatinoma. A Whipple’s procedure was performed and a somatostatinoma of the duodenum was confirmed. In addition, the patient had a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the jejunum with accompanying hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Cajal. The somatostatinoma was histologically characteristic with pseudoglandular and solid patterns together with psammoma bodies and lymp...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - June 2, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Insulin Prevents Latent Skin Lesions by Inhibiting the Generation of Advanced Glycation End Products in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The preventive effect of insulin on latent skin lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Diabetes was induced in 72 male Sprague–Dawley rats, with 36 rats serving as the control group. Half of the diabetic rats were treated with insulin, and the other half were injected with vehicle. Skin tissues were collected 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the initiation of insulin therapy for measurement of glucose, collagen-related fluorescence and advanced glycation end product (AGE) expression, and histological observation. The diabetic rats exhibited changes in skin tissue, including...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - June 2, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Aldosterone-Producing Adrenal Cortical Adenoma with Oncocytic Change and Cytoplasmic Eosinophilic Globular InclusionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report an interesting morphological alteration in the adrenal of a 72-year-old woman suffering from severe hypertension due to primary hyperaldosteronism. The laparoscopic left adrenalectomy specimen revealed an adrenal cortical adenoma composed of varying proportions of oncocytic and clear cells, predominantly showing central oncocytic change. Oncocytes also exhibited numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic globular inclusions, which are not commonly observed in aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenomas. Ultrastructural study revealed that the inclusions originated in degenerating mitochondria, explaining the...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - May 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Insulin-Like Growth Factor mRNA Binding Protein 3 (IMP3) is Differentially Expressed in Benign and Malignant Follicular Patterned Thyroid TumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study also points to a possible common biological relationship between FC and FVPC that requires further investigation. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12022-009-9079-xAuthors Magdalena Slosar, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMassMemorial Medical Center Department of Pathology Three Biotech, One Innovation Drive Worcester MA 01605 USAPoonam Vohra, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMassMemorial Medical Center Department of Pathology Three Biotech, One Innovation Drive Worcester MA 01605 USAManju Prasad, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMassMemorial Medical Center Depar...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - May 16, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Thyroid Gland Showing Prominent Fibrohistiocytic Proliferation. A Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here an IPT showing a predominantly fibrohistiocytic proliferation that occurred in a 75-year-old Japanese woman. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by haphazardly arranged spindle cells, histiocytes having foamy cytoplasm containing intracytoplasmic brown pigments, and small lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the spindle cells were vimentin+, desmin−, muscle-specific actin+, cytokeratin−, endomysial antibody−, anaplastic lymphoma kinase−, CD34-− CD68+/−, CD99−, cyclin D1−, bcl-2−, and antifollicular dendritic cell antibody−. IPT showing a predominant fibro...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - May 15, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Initial Report of the Results of Percutaneous Laser Ablation of Benign Cold Thyroid Nodules: Evaluation of Histopathological Changes After 2 YearsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) is a new method to be used for reducing the volume of symptomatic cold benign thyroid nodules. We aimed to introduce the long-term histopathological effects of PLA procedure in thyroid nodules. A 42-year-old male patient with 18.7-mL nodule volume was transferred a total of 720 J of energy with 3-W power. A 50-year-old female patient with 14.1-mL volume nodule was transferred a total of 3,300 J with 5-W power. A 61-year-old female patient with 49.7-mL volume nodule was transferred a total of 4,200 J with 5-W power. The thyroidectomy materials were exa...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - May 13, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

No Evidence for WT1 Involvement in a Beta-Catenin-Independent Activation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Pituitary AdenomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The overexpression of Wilms' tumor gene product WT1, which acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene, has been reported in various malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the interaction partner Wnt-4 is upregulated in pituitary adenomas dependent on the Pit-1 lineage (somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and thyrotrophs). However, no data on WT1 expression in nontumorous pituitary tissue or pituitary adenomas is available to date. We investigated WT1 expression in 90 paraffin-embedded pituitary adenomas, including eight atypical adenomas, and in 28 nontumorous pituitary glands by immunohistochemistry. WT1 ...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - May 13, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Tuberous SclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a unique case, which has never been reported previously, of MTC associated with TS. The MTC up to today has been associated with other endocrine neoplasia, and TS increases risk of neoplasia in various organs. The case reported shows one more circumstance and suggests thyroid screening in patients with diagnosis of TS. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12022-009-9077-zAuthors Palma Dicorato, Sapienza University of Rome Department of Experimental Medicine V.le Regina Elena, 324 Rome 00161 ItalyAnna Calvanese, Sapienza University of Rome Department of Experimental Medicine V.le Regina Elena, 324 Ro...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - May 8, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Peculiar Intracytoplasmic Basophilic Bodies in Papillary Thyroid CarcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12022-009-9075-1Authors Tetsuo Kondo, University of Yamanashi Department of Pathology 1110, Shimokato, Chuo Yamanashi 409-3898 JapanKaori Kameyama, Keio University School of Medicine Division of Diagnostic Pathology Tokyo JapanTadao Nakazawa, University of Yamanashi Department of Pathology 1110, Shimokato, Chuo Yamanashi 409-3898 JapanToshimichi Fujisawa, Ito Hospital Tokyo JapanEiji Sasaki, Ito Hospital Tokyo JapanMegumi Tamura, Ito Hospital Tokyo JapanTomonori Kawasaki, University of Yamanashi Department of Pathology 1110, Shimokato, Chuo Yamanashi 409-3898 JapanNobuki Nakamur...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Expression of p18INK4C is Down-regulated in Human Pituitary AdenomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of our study is to examine the role of p18INK4C in the pathogenesis of human pituitary tumors. The protein and mRNA levels of p18INK4C were examined by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The methylation status of the p18INK4C gene promoter and somatic mutations of the p18INK4C gene were also investigated. p18INK4C protein expression was lost or significantly reduced in 64% of pituitary adenomas compared with levels in normal pituitary glands. p18INK4C mRNA levels were low in all ACTH adenomas and non-functioning (NF)-FSH and in 42%, 70% and 66%...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Small Cell Lung Cancer: Significance of RB Alterations and TTF-1 Expression in its Carcinogenesis, Phenotype, and BiologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) exhibits highly aggressive behavior and has a poor prognosis. While numerous investigations have been carried out, the exact mechanism of its carcinogenesis and aggressiveness is still unclear. SCLC is categorized as a neuroendocrine neoplasia and has a genetic profile characterized by universal alterations of the RB and TP53 genes. Epidemiological studies indicate the majority of SCLCs to be caused by smoking and the TP53 mutational pattern to be consistent with that evoked by smoke carcinogens; however, there is no direct evidence that such carcinogens induce alteratio...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 24, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

A Comparative Study of Fine Needle Aspiration and Fine Needle Non-Aspiration Biopsy on Suspected Thyroid NodulesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, FNA and FNNA are useful and cost-effective techniques for the pre-operative assessment of patients with thyroid nodules. However, due probably to its minimally invasive procedure, FNNA produces specimens of better quality and reduces inadequate results. For these reasons FNNA should be preferable to FNA for the cytological evaluation of thyroid nodules. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12022-009-9074-2Authors Federica Romitelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Largo F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome ItalyEnrico Di Stasio, Catholic University of Sacr...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Review: The Role of Neural Crest Cells in the Endocrine SystemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The neural crest is a pluripotent population of cells that arises at the junction of the neural tube and the dorsal ectoderm. These highly migratory cells form diverse derivatives including neurons and glia of the sensory, sympathetic, and enteric nervous systems, melanocytes, and the bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the face. The neural crest has long been associated with the endocrine system, although not always correctly. According to current understanding, neural crest cells give rise to the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, chief cells of the extra-adrenal paraganglia, and thy...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

A Novel Complex BRAF Mutation Detected in a Solid Variant of Papillary Thyroid CarcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract BRAF gene mutations are identified in about 45% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and represent the most common genetic event in this tumor. Here, we report a case of PTC, solid variant, with a complex BRAF mutation that involves one nucleotide substitution, C1796T, and a CTT triplet insertion, 1798_1799insCTT, located on the same allele. This mutation leads to the replacement of a threonine with an isoleucine, T599I, and replacement of a valine with an alanine and a leucine, V600delinsAL. This mutation was identified both in the preoperative fine needle aspirate sample and in the surgical spe...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 16, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

The Cytology of a Thyroid Granular Cell TumorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the thyroid is rare. Before this report, only four cases of thyroid GCT have been reported, none of which presented a cytopathological examination. In this paper, we report the fine needle aspiration cytology and pathological analysis of a thyroid GCT from a 12-year-old girl who presented with a painless neck mass. The tumor cells were single, in syncytial clusters, or pseudofollicles, contained small round, oval, or spindle nuclei, indistinct nucleoli, and a large amount of grayish, granular fragile cytoplasm. The background contained granular debris and naked nuclei. A...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 8, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Thyroid TumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a recently identified class of small endogenous noncoding RNAs that act as negative regulators of the protein-coding gene expression and may impact cell differentiation, proliferation and survival, i.e., all fundamental cellular processes implicated in carcinogenesis. miRNA expression is deregulated in many types of human cancers, including thyroid cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing findings of miRNA deregulation in thyroid tumors and its potential role in thyroid cancer biology and molecular diagnostics. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 1...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 8, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Lung and Thyroid, Co-Existing with Papillary Thyroid CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A 24-year-old man presented to our center with a huge goiter compressing his airway. He had a previous diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the lung. Core needle biopsy was consistent with histiocytosis. Thyroidectomy was performed. A very invasive mass was encountered at the time of surgery. Histopathology result was consistent with an invasive papillary cancer of thyroid co-occurring with LCH. Although association of LCH with different malignancies has been reported, co-existing invasive papillary thyroid cancer and LCH is a rare combination. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.10...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Ectopic Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Secretion by a Neuroendocrine Tumor Causing Acromegaly: Long-Term Follow-Up ResultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing-hormone (GHRH) is a rare cause of acromegaly—representing less than 1% of patients. A 25-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with acromegaly and a 6 × 6 cm infrahepatic mass. Sellar magnetic resonance imaging indicated diffuse pituitary enlargement consistent with hyperplasia. The infrahepatic mass was resected, and the histopathological diagnosis was a well-differentiated invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the duodenum with metastases to local lymph nodes. The tumor cells contained cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for GHRH. Because inc...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - March 20, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Paraganglioma of the Thyroid Gland: A Rare EntityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of a 36-year-old Hispanic woman with a soft mass measuring about 30 mm in the right thyroid lobe. Patient was operated on and the neoplasm showed microscopically a typical nesting organoid pattern (zellballen). The inmunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor showed strongly and diffuse stain for NSE, Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A, and S-100 protein in the sustentacular cells, whereas no inmunoreactivity was detected with antibodies against thyroglobulin, calcitonin, TTF-1, CEA, and AE1-AE3. The MIB-1 labeling showed 7% of neoplastic cells. Head and neck paragangliomas usually develop slo...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - March 4, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Collision Tumors of the Sella: Craniopharyngioma and Silent Pituitary Adenoma Subtype 3: Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Collision tumors of the sella turcica are rare and consist mainly of more than one type of pituitary adenoma, usually a corticotropin- and a prolactin-producing adenoma. The association of a craniopharyngioma and a pituitary adenoma is rare. Herein, we report the first case of an association between craniopharyngioma and silent pituitary adenoma subtype 3. It involved a 12-year-old boy who underwent a frontal craniotomy with surgical removal of a calcified sellar tumor. Histology revealed an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma; however, by electron microscopy, there was conclusive evidence of adenoma...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 24, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Primary Pituitary Lymphoma: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study with Literature ReviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the case of a 62-year-old man with headache and left sixth cranial nerve palsy. A computerized tomography scan revealed an osteolytic process involving the sella turcica and clivus. A partial tumor resection was achieved via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach. Morphologic investigation revealed a diffuse large B cell lymphoma involving pituitary parenchyma. No systemic disease was found upon staging. Primary pituitary lymphoma is extremely rare. An accurate histologic diagnosis is key to successful treatment and a favorable prognosis. The literature is reviewed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 20, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Sella Mimicking Pituitary Adenoma: An Uncommon Tumor in a Rare Location—A Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the case of a 28-year-old man with a SFT of the sella turcica mimicking a pituitary nonfunctioning macroadenoma. He presented with optic nerve compression caused by a heterogeneous tumor located in the sellar and suprasellar area. At surgery, the tumor was hard and infiltrated the sellar diaphragm, so that resection resulted in a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. His postoperative course was also complicated by complete central diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, and two episodes of meningitis. After surgical resection, the diagnosis of SFT was reached on the basis of histological and immunohistochemical studies...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 18, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Keratin Expression in Endocrine Organs and their NeoplasmsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Keratins are intermediate filaments that provide mechanical support and fulfill a variety of additional functions in epithelial cells. Keratins show outstanding degree of molecular diversity. In humans, 54 functional keratin genes exist. Twenty common types of keratins are expressed in highly specific patterns related to epithelial type and stage of cellular differentiation. In general, keratins are classified as high-molecular-weight keratins (expressed in normal stratified epithelium and tumors derived from it) and low-molecular-weight keratins (expressed in normal simple epithelium and tumors der...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 13, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Microchimerism in Endocrine PathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chimerism in an individual refers to the coexistence of cells arising from two distinct organisms. It can arise iatrogenically via transplant or blood transfusion, and physiologically via twin to twin transfer, or from trafficking between mother and fetus during pregnancy. Many of the diseases associated with microchimerism affect the endocrine system (e.g., autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus type 1). Microchimerism is relevant to endocrine pathology because (a) it is associated with pregnancy, a condition of complex endocrine physiology; (b) materno-fetal and feto-maternal cellular mig...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 13, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Reverse Referral: From Pathology to EndocrinologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report an adolescent girl diagnosed to have MEN1 following presentation with multiple collagenomas. Histological evaluation of her cutaneous lesions revealed >70 collagenomas. Hormonal evaluation included calcium, phosphate, and parathormone measurements. Exons 2–10 of the MEN1 gene and flanking intron–exon borders were sequenced and revealed a novel nonsense mutation, Y222X. Following the identification of the cutaneous lesions as collagenomas by the pathologist, the patient was referred for an endocrine evaluation which revealed asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient elected to have surgery a...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 11, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Primary Aldosteronism with Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma Consisting of Pure Zona Glomerulosa-Type Cells in a Pregnant WomanEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of APA discovered in a 32-year-old pregnant woman who visited our hospital for hypertension and hypokalemia at 26 weeks gestation. Elevated plasma aldosterone concentration and hypokalemia were observed, and an magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated a right adrenal mass. A laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed because of refractory hypokalemia. Pathologically, the adrenal mass was diagnosed as APA, and in addition to the cytological features, in situ hybridization and real-time polymerase chain reaction proved that all the component cells were ZG-type cells. The cells also showed estroge...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 7, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

An Analysis of Potential Surrogate Markers of Target-Specific Therapy in Archival Materials of Adrenocortical CarcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm but some of the cases are highly malignant. Clinical outcome of the patients with advanced ACC still remained poor or dismal despite recent development of aggressive antitumor therapies. Target-specific therapies have been developed in a number of human malignancies and resulted in therapeutic benefits in some cancer patients. However, these therapies are only effective in the cases in which corresponding targets are expressed in tumor tissues. Therefore, we evaluated expression of potential surrogate markers using immunohistochemistry in archival ma...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Invasive Giant Prolactinoma with Loss of Therapeutic Response to Cabergoline: Expression of Angiogenic MarkersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The present study reports the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian man who was referred to the Military Hospital of Buenos Aires for evaluation of a giant sellar-extrasellar mass with extension in the right temporal lobe and compression of the third ventricle. Patient was initially responsive to cabergoline with reduction of prolactin levels and shrinkage of tumor burden for at least 36 months. Thereafter, prolactin levels and tumor size increased even though cabergoline dosage was increased. Transcraneal surgery was performed at 56 months of treatment. Prolactin levels and tumor proliferation ...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 27, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Kidney: Morphological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Cytogenetic Study of a Case and Review of the LiteratureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PDNECs) of the kidney are extremely rare high-grade cancers accounting for only 42 cases reported in the literature. In this paper, we describe the morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and for the first time, cytogenetic features of a renal PDNEC. In addition, we have reviewed the literature and compared the published clinicopathological data with our morphological and genetic results. The tumor arose within the kidney parenchyma and showed the typical histological features of a pure small cell PDNEC. Fluorescence in situ hybridization...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 19, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Pituitary Adenoma with Peliosis: A Report of Two CasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Peliosis is characterised by multiple blood-filled lakes or cavities within parenchymatous organs. Typically found in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes, it has also been described in other organs such as lungs, kidneys, parathyroids and pancreas. The mechanism responsible for the development of peliosis remains unknown. (1) A 69 year-old man with a 6-year history of acromegaly underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. Morphologic findings demonstrated a plurimorphous plurihormonal pituitary adenoma consisting of somatotrophs, lactotrophs and mammosomatotrophs. The tu...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 17, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

A Diagnostic Approach to Adrenal Cortical LesionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The adrenal gland is not a common specimen in surgical pathology practice as, until recently, adrenal tumors were recognized in life only if associated with hypersecretion of hormones or evidence of malignancy. However, adrenal nodules are not uncommon at autopsy, and the number of these found in life is now increasing as they are identified when the abdomen is scanned for the investigation of other diseases using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. It is therefore becoming increasingly important for the surgical pathologist to be aware of the range of pathology in the gland and to un...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 17, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Molecular Detection of PPARγ Rearrangements and Thyroid Carcinoma in Preoperative Fine-Needle Aspiration BiopsiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s12022-008-9053-zAuthors Christopher A. French, Harvard Medical School Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MA USAJonathan A. Fletcher, Harvard Medical School Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MA USAEdmund S. Cibas, Harvard Medical School Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MA USAChristopher Caulfield, Emory University School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Atlanta GA USAPaulette Allard, Emory University School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Labor...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 16, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Challenging Lesions in the Differential Diagnosis of Endocrine Tumors: Parathryoid CarcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Parathyroid neoplasms encompass a spectrum of proliferative lesions that include adenomas, atypical adenomas, and carcinomas. While the diagnosis of adenomas is usually straightforward, parathyroid carcinomas (PTCAs) often present considerable diagnostic challenges. Fibrosis and mitotic activity are common in PTCAs, but these features are not specific for malignancy. An unequivocal diagnosis of PTCA should be restricted to those tumors that invade adjacent soft tissues, thyroid gland, blood vessels, or perineural spaces or to those cases with documented metastases. Atypical adenomas include those tu...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 5, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Immunohistochemical Analysis of 11-β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 and Glucocorticoid Receptor in Subclinical Cushing’s Disease due to Pituitary MacroadenomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, immunohistochemical analysis of the resected tumors were performed to evaluate the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in pituitary tissues obtained from two SCD (macroadenomas), eight Cushing’s disease (CD) (microadenomas), nine acromegaly, and nine normal pituitary (NP). Scattered 11βHSD2-immunopositive cells were detected in all NP tissues, but its immunoreactivity was totally absent in any tumorous tissues except two CD. Scattered GR-immunopositive cells were also detected and GR immunostaining was restricted to the cytosol in NP tiss...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 2, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Symptomatic Intraspinal Oncocytic Adrenocortical AdenomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Most intraspinal neoplasms of epithelial origin are metastases from primary carcinomas. Benign epithelial tumors are rarely found at this site. We here present the case of a 44-year-old woman with a lesion in the cauda equina that fulfilled the radiologic criteria of schwannoma and caused clinical symptoms for 3 years. The excised tumor was composed of nests of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic partial granular cytoplasm. Significant atypia, necrosis, and mitosis were absent from this lesion. The tumor showed diffuse positivity for melan-A, synaptophysin, and alpha-inhibin. Steroidogenic ...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 28, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

First Description of Parathyroid Disease in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2A SyndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hyperparathyroidism and/or parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and pheochromocytomas compose the hallmarks of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) syndrome. Revisiting a report in 1939 of a patient with hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid hyperplasia led to a search for evidence of MEN 2A. From medical records and discussion with family members, longitudinal follow-up of the patient and her descendants was obtained. Molecular diagnostics were integrated in the care of subsequent generations. The literature on hyperparathyroidism and MEN 2A was reviewed. Children ...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 26, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals

Expression of Wnt4 in Human Pituitary Adenomas Regulates Activation of the β-Catenin-Independent PathwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in the genesis of numerous human cancers. A member of the Wnt family of genes, Wnt4, has been known to regulate proliferation of anterior pituitary cell types in the mouse during embryonic development. In order to elucidate the roles of Wnt signaling in human pituitary adenomas, we examined the expression of Wnt4 and its putative receptor Frizzled6 (Fzd6) by immunohistochemistry in pituitary adenomas and normal pituitaries. Expression of Wnt4 was higher in growth hormone-producing adenomas (GHomas), prolactin-producing adenomas (PRLomas), and thyroid-sti...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 26, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Endocrine Pathology Source Type: journals