European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
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Sustainable effects on suicidality were found for the Nuremberg alliance against depression
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Abstract During an intense four-level community-based intervention program conducted in Nuremberg (490,000 inhabitants) in 2001 and
2002 [Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression (NAD)], the number of suicidal acts (main outcome completed + attempted suicides)
had dropped significantly (−21.7%), a significant effect compared with the baseline year and the control region (Wuerzburg,
about 290,000 inhabitants). To assess the sustainability of the intervention effects the number of suicidal acts was assessed
in the follow-up year (2003), after the termination of the 2-year intervention. Also, in the fo...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Seasonality of suicide attempts: association with genderEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Some studies suggest seasonality of suicide attempts in females, but not in males. The reasons for this gender difference
remain unclear. Only few studies addressed the question whether gender differences in seasonality of suicide attempts reflect
gender differences in the choice of method for suicide attempts, with inconsistent results. So, this study aimed to analyze
the association of gender with seasonality in suicide attempts by persons living in two Northern Bavarian regions [city of
Nuremberg (480,000 inhabitants) and region of Wuerzburg (270,000 inhabitants)] between 2000 and 2004. We addres...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Disrupted white matter integrity of corticopontine-cerebellar circuitry in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Evidence for white matter abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia is increasing. Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA)
in interhemispheric commissural fibers as well as long-ranging fronto-parietal association fibers belongs to the most frequent
findings. The present study used tract-based spatial statistics to investigate white matter integrity in 35 patients with
schizophrenia and 35 healthy volunteers. We found that patients exhibited significantly decreased FA relative to healthy subjects
in the corpus callosum, the cerebral peduncle, the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the anteri...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Duration of untreated illness and suicide in bipolar disorder: a naturalistic studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The aim of this naturalistic study was to evaluate the potential influence of the duration of untreated illness (DUI)—defined
as the time elapsed between the occurrence of the first mood episode and the first adequate pharmacological treatment with
mood stabilizers—on the clinical course of bipolar disorder (BD). Three hundred and twenty outpatients (n = 320) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD—either Type I or Type II—were interviewed; their clinical features were collected and
they were naturalistically followed-up for 5 years. At the end of the follow-up observation, the sample wa...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Neural correlates (ERP/fMRI) of voluntary selection in adult ADHD patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Deficits in executive functions, e.g. voluntary selection, are considered central to the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). The aim of this simultaneous EEG/fMRI study was to examine associated neural correlates in ADHD patients. Patients
with ADHD and healthy subjects performed an adapted go/nogo task including a voluntary selection condition allowing participants
to freely decide, whether to press the response button. Electrophysiologically, response inhibition and voluntary selection
led to fronto-central responses. The fMRI data revealed increased medial/lateral frontal and parieta...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 12, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Psychopathological correlates of the entorhinal cortical shape in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, we present new evidence for the involvement of the entorhinal cortex
in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. As cortical folding is a stable neuroanatomical parameter terminated in early neonatal
stages, our data give reason to assume that the vulnerability to develop psychotic symptoms might be manifest at an early
level of brain maturation.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0083-4Authors
C. Christoph Schultz, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Philosophenweg 3 07740 Jena GermanyKathrin Koch, Friedrich-Schiller-Universi...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
A gene–environment investigation on personality traits in two independent clinical sets of adult patients with personality disorder and attention deficit/hyperactive disorderEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract While an interactive effect of genes with adverse life events is increasingly appreciated in current concepts of depression
etiology, no data are presently available on interactions between genetic and environmental (G × E) factors with respect to
personality and related disorders. The present study therefore aimed to detect main effects as well as interactions of serotonergic
candidate genes (coding for the serotonin transporter, 5-HTT; the serotonin autoreceptor, HTR1A; and the enzyme which synthesizes serotonin in the brain, TPH2) with the burden of life events (#LE) in two independent ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Association between intracellular infectious agents and Tourette’s syndromeEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, within the TS patients a higher rate of antibody titers could be demonstrated, pointing to a possible
role of Chlamydia and Toxoplasma in the pathogenesis of tic disorders. Because none of these agents has been linked with TS
to date, a hypothesis is that infections could contribute to TS by triggering an immune response. It still remains unclear
whether tic symptoms are partly due to the infection or to changes in the immune balance caused by an infection.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0084-3Authors
Daniela Krause, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Depa...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Principle standards and problems regarding proof of efficacy in clinical psychopharmacologyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Proof of efficacy of a psychotropic medicinal product is the key point of clinical psychopharmacology. This especially concerns
the licensing of a new compound, but apart from this special case, lots of efficacy questions need to be answered in clinical
psychopharmacology, such as, e.g. the question of the efficacy of a combination therapy. The methodology of the scientific
proof of efficacy has already had a long tradition and has been developed further in the recent past under different aspects.
Especially the double-blind randomised parallel group comparison has been developed as a design of high...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - November 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
European psychiatry: needs, challenges and structuresEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract European psychiatry stays now on the crossroad due to conceptual challenges, drifts of political power from the national to
the European level, the current economical situation, arising ethical concerns and an emphasis on patients rights. The latter
challenge mainly the structure of mental health care demanding a more important role of patients and families. The needs of
harmonisation of research, educational, legislative, and political activities in the field of mental health on the European
level are briefly discussed.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0050-0Authors
Cyril Hö...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Models of mental health care in psychiatry across sectoral bordersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Since 2004, article 140 of the fifth German Social Code Book (SGB V) provides the opportunity for developing and implementing
models of Integrated Care (IC). The main aim of integrated care projects is to improve the quality and efficiency of health
care in Germany by ameliorating the cooperation between the different sectors hospitals, ambulatory and rehabilitative care.
As an example of implementing an integrated care network in the psychiatric sector, the first local network for integrated
care in psychiatry in Aachen is described. It was founded in 2006 by the department of Psychiatry and Psycho...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Psychiatry as a therapeutic disciplineEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0063-8Authors
W. Gaebel, Heinrich-Heine-University LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf Bergische Landstr 2. 40629 Düsseldorf GermanyJ. Zielasek, Heinrich-Heine-University LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf Bergische Landstr 2. 40629 Düsseldorf Germany
Journal European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceOnline ISSN 1433-8491Print ISSN 0940-1334
Journal Volume Volume 259
Journal Issue Volume 259, Supplement 2 / November, 2009 (Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Learning and memory in the aetiopathogenesis of addiction: future implications for therapy?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder. Even after long periods of abstinence from drugs, the risk of relapse, often precipitated
by drug-associated cues, remains high. Especially learning processes have been shown to play a major role in the maintenance
of addictive behaviour. Humans and animals rapidly learn cues and contexts that predict the availability of addictive drugs.
Once learned, these cues and contexts initiate drug seeking, craving and relapse in both animal models and clinical studies.
These observations have converged on the hypothesis that addiction represents the pathological usu...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Future perspectives in psychotherapyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract To date, the effectiveness of psychotherapy for the treatment of most mental disorders is empirically well documented. From
an “evidence-based medicine” viewpoint, psychotherapy, as compared to other treatments in medicine, can be regarded as one
of the most effective therapeutic approaches. The superiority of psychotherapy over pharmacotherapy is particularly pronounced
in long-term treatment outcome studies. It is especially cognitive behavioral approaches, such as exposure response management
and cognitive restructuring that have shown strong evidence of their efficacy and effectiveness in va...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Would the use of dimensions instead of categories remove problems related to subthreshold disorders?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Scientific progress fostered in DSM and ICD over the past quarter of century has significantly increased awareness of the
limitation of categorical definitions of mental illness. Disorders highly merge into another with no natural boundary in between.
The addition of continuous, “dimensional” measures into the various diagnostic domains might help resolve some of the critical
taxonomic issues currently facing the field of mental health. It was overtly recognized that both categorical and dimensional
approaches to diagnosis are important both for clinical work and for research, and that the ideal...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Is evidence sufficient for evidence-based medicine?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Psychopharmacotherapy should now be regulated in the sense of evidence-based medicine (EBM), as is the case in other areas
of clinical treatment in medicine. In general this is a meaningful development, which will principally have a positive impact
on routine health care in psychiatry. But several related problems should not be ignored. So far consensus on an internationally
accepted evidence graduation could not be reached, due to several difficulties related to this. A principle question is also
whether it is sufficient to base EBM primarily on the results of phase III trials with their high inter...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Deep brain stimulation as a new therapeutic approach in therapy-resistant mental disorders: ethical aspects of investigational treatmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment option for some movement disorders, in particular Parkinson’s disease.
Only recently, a number of promising studies with small samples of patients have been published in which impressive therapeutic
outcomes achieved by DBS in otherwise treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder, major depression, and Tourette’s
syndrome were reported. It seems probable that the investigational approach to treat mental disorders by DBS will increase
substantially. Neurosurgical interventions in psychiatric patients raise ethical considerations not...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Quality assurance in psychiatry: quality indicators and guideline implementationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In many occasions, routine mental health care does not correspond to the standards that the medical profession itself puts
forward. Hope exists to improve the outcome of severe mental illness by improving the quality of mental health care and by
implementing evidence-based consensus guidelines. Adherence to guideline recommendations should reduce costly complications
and unnecessary procedures. To measure the quality of mental health care and disease outcome reliably and validly, quality
indicators have to be available. These indicators of process and outcome quality should be easily measurable with...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Neuropsychotherapy: conceptual, empirical and neuroethical issuesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In this article we suggest a working definition for the concept of “neuropsychotherapy” encompassing three areas: the identification
of mediators and targets of psychotherapeutic effects, the determination of new therapeutic routes using neurotechnology,
and the design of psychotherapeutic interventions based on neuroscientific knowledge. We review neuroimaging studies of the
psychotherapy of depression and discuss some of the methodological limitations inherent in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(fMRI) and common fallacies perpetrated in interpreting fMRI studies. Finally, we discuss some...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
The role of ceramide in major depressive disorderEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Major depression is a severe mood disorder with a lifetime prevalence of more than 10%. The pharmacokinetic hypothesis claims
that a slow accumulation of antidepressant drugs by acid trapping mainly into lysosomes is responsible for the therapeutic
latency and that a lysosomal target mediates the antidepressant effects. The lysosomal lipid metabolizing enzyme acid sphingomyelinase
(ASM) cleaves sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine. In a pilot study, the activity of this enzyme was increased
in peripheral blood cells of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), making the ASM an int...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Mechanism of action in CBT (MAC): methods of a multi-center randomized controlled trial in 369 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/A). Nevertheless, the active ingredients
of treatment and the mechanisms through which CBT achieves its effects remain largely unknown. The mechanisms of action in
CBT (MAC) study was established to investigate these questions in 369 patients diagnosed with PD/A. The MAC study utilized
a multi-center, randomized controlled design, with two active treatment conditions in which the administration of exposure
was varied, and a wait-list control group. The special feature of MAC is the way in which imbedded experim...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of negative symptoms in residual schizophrenia: rationale and design of a sham-controlled, randomized multicenter studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study will provide information about the efficacy of rTMS
in the treatment of negative symptoms. In addition to psychopathology, other outcome measures such as neurocognition, social
functioning, quality of life and neurobiological parameters will be assessed to investigate basic mechanisms of rTMS in schizophrenia.
Main limitations of the trial are the potential influence of antipsychotic dosage changes and the difficulty to ensure adequate
blinding.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0060-yAuthors
Joachim Cordes, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf Department of Psychiatry and Psychothe...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Prevention of rehospitalization in schizophrenia: results of an integrated care project in GermanyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The goal of this study was to prevent rehospitalizations and thus to optimize satisfaction with treatment and quality of life
in patients suffering by schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A complex intervention with improved cooperation between
in- and outpatient services was applied to 46 “high utilizing” patients after discharge from inpatient care during an intervention
phase of 6 months. The study was controlled by a matched group of 47 patients receiving treatment as usual. The intervention
was based on a computerized decision support module. Eight psychiatrists in private practi...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Global mental health: the role of psychiatryEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article discusses the burden of mental health globally, resources available
to tackle the massive burden, WHO’s mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) on scaling up services with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries, and the paradigm shift required
in psychiatry as the way forward.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0059-4Authors
Benedetto Saraceno, World Health Organization Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Avenue Appia 20 1211 Geneva 27 SwitzerlandTarun Dua, World Health Organization Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Avenue Appia 20 1211 Geneva ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Future classification of psychotic disordersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Reclassifying psychotic disorders in the upcoming revisions of the mental disorders section of ICD-10 and DSM-IV will first
necessitate the development of a unified and operationalized definition of the term “psychosis”. Ideally, such a definition
would be harmonized between both groups of diagnostic classification systems and become part of a glossary of terms. Conceptually
and based on epidemiological and some genetic work, incorporating dimensional criteria and criteria for prodromal high-risk
symptoms may become feasible. Considering the currently available evidence from genetic, neuroimagin...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Cognitive behavioural treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients: study design of the TONES study, feasibility and safety of treatmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Currently, there are no convincing treatment strategies for negative symptoms of schizophrenia. On this background, we are
conducting the treatment of negative symptoms (TONES) study which addresses the question whether cognitive behavioural therapy
(CBT) is efficacious for the reduction of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The present paper aims at presenting the design
of the clinical trial of the study as well as the treatment concept. Further, we investigate the feasibility and the safety
of our study treatment. The TONES study is a multicentric, prospective, single-blind, randomised, and cont...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Brain imaging: on the way toward a therapeutic disciplineEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article tries
to point out how new methodological developments are promising to lead to a further step in this way. This therapeutic option
is based on technical developments like high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or the further development of neurofeedback.
This concept might make brain imaging such as realtime fMRI a therapeutic option at least in specialized institutions in the
foreseeable future, especially since MR-scanners are already widely available nowadays.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0064-7Authors
Frank Schneider, RWTH Aachen University Department of Psychiatry and ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Improving outpatient treatment in schizophrenia: effects of computerized guideline implementation—results of a multicenter-study within the German Research Network on SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Schizophrenia clinical practice guidelines are developed to provide expert- and evidence-based advice to practicing psychiatrists
in order to improve the management of this disorder. However, the application of these guidelines in everyday health care
can still be described as nonsatisfying. Within the project “Guideline-supported quality management in outpatient treatment”,
we investigated whether guideline adherence and quality of outcome can be improved by implementing a computer-based, guideline-oriented
decision-support system. Therefore, a disease-specific decision-support system was devel...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
MRI study of the cavum septum pellucidum in obsessive–compulsive disorderEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), a putative marker of neurodevelopmental anomaly, has been associated with an increased
risk of several psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CSP in patients with obsessive–compulsive
disorder (OCD) compared with healthy control subjects. Seventy-one patients with OCD and 71 healthy volunteers matched for
age and sex were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated the CSP using criteria employed in previous studies:
presence of the CSP, length of the CSP, and overall size of the CSP, measured in five grades, ranging from...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 24, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits in the cerebellum of elderly patients with schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, increased NR2D expression results in a hyperexcitable NMDA receptor
suggesting an adaptive effect due to receptor hypofunction. The decreased NR2C expression in NRG1 risk variant may cause a deficit in NMDA receptor function. This supports the hypothesis of an abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission
in the right cerebellum in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0017-1Authors
Andrea Schmitt, University of Goettingen Department of Psychiatry von-Siebold Str. 5 37075 Göttingen GermanyJiri Koschel, Central Institute of Mental He...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 24, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, although the
subjects and methods were different from previous striatal occupancy studies, these results suggest that limbic occupancy
by olanzapine may not be so different from that in the striatum.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0082-5Authors
Ryosuke Arakawa, National Institute of Radiological Sciences Molecular Neuroimaging Group, Molecular Imaging Center 4-9-1, Anagawa Inage-ku Chiba 263-8555 JapanHiroshi Ito, National Institute of Radiological Sciences Molecular Neuroimaging Group, Molecular Imaging Center 4-9-1, Anagawa Inage-ku Chiba 263-8555 JapanMasa...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 23, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Two subgroups of schizophrenia identified by systematic cognitive neuropsychiatric mappingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The description of the heterogeneous phenomenological, pathophysiological, and etiological nature of schizophrenia is under
way; however, the relationships between heterogeneity levels are still unclear. We performed a robust cross-sectional study,
including a systematic neuropsychological battery, assessment of clinical symptoms, neurological soft signs, morphogenetic
anomalies and smell identification, and measurement of event-related potentials on 50 outpatients with schizophrenia in their
compensated states. An explorative fuzzy cluster analysis revealed two subgroups in this sample that could b...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Differences between men and women in the course of opiate dependence: is there a telescoping effect?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract According to the so-called telescoping effect, there is a gender-specific course of alcohol dependence with women starting
alcohol use later than men and having a faster development of harmful consequences. There are inconsistent data regarding
a telescoping effect in opiate dependence. In each of six European centres, 100 opiate addicts were investigated by a structured
interview (mainly the EuropASI and CIDI) at admission to various kinds of treatment (TREAT project). In a secondary analysis
of the TREAT data, women and men were compared regarding age at onset of heroin use and the current severit...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
The proof of efficacy in psychopharmacology: clinical studies, metaanalysis and evidence-based medicineEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Special Issue - EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0069-2Authors
Siegfried Kasper, Medical University of Vienna Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Währinger Gürtel 18-20 1090 Vienna Austria
Journal European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceOnline ISSN 1433-8491Print ISSN 0940-1334 (Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 16, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Evidence-based medicine in psychopharmacotherapy: possibilities, problems and limitationsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Psychopharmacotherapy should now be regulated in the sense of evidence-based medicine, as is the case in other areas of clinical
treatment in medicine. In general this is a meaningful development, which principally will have a positive impact on routine
health care in psychiatry. But several related problems should not be ignored. So far consensus on an internationally accepted
evidence graduation could not be reached due to several difficulties related to this. For example, focussing on the results
of meta-analyses instead of considering relevant single studies results in a decision-making logic ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 16, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Risk factors for stuttering: a secondary analysis of a large data baseEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, large databases are helpful
in revealing less obvious and less frequent risk factors for heterogeneous disorders such as stuttering. Obviously, not only
secondary analyses, but also systematical large scale studies would be required to complete the complex epidemiological puzzle
in stuttering. An extensive examination of young adults who were initially assessed in childhood might provide the most promising
design.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0075-4Authors
Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross, Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich Research Unit for Clinical and Social...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Social skills and neurocognitive individualized training in schizophrenia: comparison with structured leisure activitiesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Cognitive impairment and deficits in social skills have been largely documented in patients with schizophrenia and are increasingly
recognized as rate-limiting factors for recovery. Evidence has been provided that cognitive training and social skills training
(SST) are effective to treat cognitive and social skills impairment in schizophrenia; however, the translation of improved
performance on cognitive or social skills tasks into improved functional outcome is controversial. According to recent reviews,
interventions providing cognitive training in conjunction with psychosocial rehabilitation have...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Facial expression in male and female schizophrenia patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study investigated gender differences in facial expression as a reaction to various emotional stimuli in two groups of
schizophrenia patients. The first group consisted of hospitalized patients (22 men and 13 women) who were tested at three
points in time. The second group consisted of outpatients (21 men, 8 women) who were tested at two points in time. In addition,
the facial behaviour of two control groups was investigated (17 men and 12 women; 18 men and 14 women, respectively). Facial
activity was videotaped, whilst participants watched emotion-eliciting video clips and participated in an emotion-inducing
int...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Subgenual cingulate volumes in offspring of bipolar parents and in sporadic bipolar patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, SGC volume
abnormalities were absent in unaffected, affected relatives of bipolar patients as well as sporadic bipolar patients and thus
did not meet criteria for endophenotype.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0077-2Authors
Tomas Hajek, Dalhousie University Department of Psychiatry QEII HSC, A.J.Lane Bldg., Room 3093, 5909 Veteran’s Memorial Lane Halifax NS B3H 2E2 CanadaTomas Novak, Charles University Prague Psychiatric Centre, 3rd Faculty of Medicine Prague Czech RepublicMiloslav Kopecek, Charles University Prague Psychiatric Centre, 3rd Faculty of Medicin...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 8, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
How do different diagnostic criteria, age and gender affect the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults? An epidemiological study in a Hungarian community sampleEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The goal of the study was twofold: (1) to investigate the effect of different diagnostic criteria on prevalence estimates
of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and (2) to provide prevalence estimates of adult ADHD for the first
time in a Hungarian sample. Subjects between 18 and 60 years were included in the screening phase of the study (N = 3,529), conducted in 17 GP practices in Budapest. Adult self-report scale 6-item version was used for screening. Out of
279 positively screened subjects 161 subjects participated in a clinical interview and filled out a self-rep...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - October 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Serum protein profiling and proteomics in autistic spectrum disorder using magnetic bead-assisted mass spectrometryEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The pathophysiology of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood and there are no diagnostic or predictive
biomarkers. Proteomic profiling has been used in the past for biomarker research in several non-psychiatric and psychiatric
disorders and could provide new insights, potentially presenting a useful tool for generating such biomarkers in autism. Serum
protein pre-fractionation with C8-magnetic beads and protein profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time
of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) were used to identify possible differences in protein profiles in p...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Neuropsychological functioning in early-onset first-episode psychosis: comparison of diagnostic subgroupsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The aims of this study were to examine the nature and extent of cognitive impairment in first-episode early-onset psychosis
(FE-EOP) soon after their stabilisation and to search for potential differences according to specific diagnostic sub-groups
of patients. As part of a Spanish multicentre longitudinal study, 107 FE-EOP patients and 98 healthy controls were assessed
on the following cognitive domains: attention, working memory, executive functioning, and verbal learning and memory. Three
diagnostic categories were established in the patient sample: schizophrenia (n = 36), bipolar disord...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
DAOA/G72 predicts the progression of prodromal syndromes to first episode psychosisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The genetic factors determining the progression of prodromal syndromes to first episode schizophrenia have remained enigmatic
to date. In a unique prospective multicentre trial, we assessed whether variants at the d-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA)/G72 locus influence progression to psychosis. Young subjects with a prodromal syndrome
were observed prospectively for up to 2 years to assess the incidence of progression to schizophrenia or first episode psychosis.
Of the 82 probands with a prodromal syndrome, 21 probands experienced progression to psychosis within the observation period.
Assess...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
2nd European Conference on Schizophrenia Research: From Research to PracticeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0042-0
Journal European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceOnline ISSN 1433-8491Print ISSN 0940-1334
Journal Volume Volume 259
Journal Issue Volume 259, Supplement 1 / September, 2009 (Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
AbstractsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AbstractsDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0041-1
Journal European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceOnline ISSN 1433-8491Print ISSN 0940-1334
Journal Volume Volume 259
Journal Issue Volume 259, Supplement 1 / September, 2009 (Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Brainstem raphe lesion in patients with major depressive disorder and in patients with suicidal ideation recorded on transcranial sonographyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Recent transcranial sonography (TCS) studies showed that disruption of echogenic midbrain line, corresponding to basal limbic
system and raphe nuclei (RN) within, might represent functional marker for the development of depression. Major depressive
disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders associated with suicidal ideation. We initiated this study
to assess the usefulness of TCS recording in a group of MDD patients and in MDD patients who also reported suicidal ideation,
on the assumption that TCS might serve as a screening method for differentiating patients at risk of suicide....
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 16, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Hippocampus, glucocorticoids and neurocognitive functions in patients with first-episode major depressive disordersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any relationship between hippocampal volume, and glucocorticoid regulation,
and cognitive dysfunctions in drug-naïve major depressive disorder (MDD) patients during their first episode. Twenty drug-free
female MDD patients in their first episode and 15 healthy females as control subjects were included in the study. All subjects
underwent 3.0 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), comprehensive neuropsychological testing and dexamethasone suppression
tests (DST). The volumes of the right and left hippocampus of the patients were found to ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - September 16, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Influence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on psychomotor symptoms in major depressionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Psychomotor symptoms related to an impairment of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system are frequent in major depression (MD).
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been discussed as a new treatment option for MD. In neurobiological
terms, an influence of high-frequency rTMS on dopaminergic neurotransmission has previously been shown by several studies
in animals and humans. Therefore, an improvement of psychomotor symptoms by rTMS could be assumed. The aim of this pilot study
was to investigate the effect of high-frequency rTMS on psychomotor retardation and agitation in depressive...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - August 12, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
Correlates and antecedents of hospital admission for attempted suicide: a nationwide survey in ItalyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The present study examined data on symptom patterns in the week prior to admission for suicide attempt, in a nationwide representative
sample of patients. Socio-demographic, clinical, and treatment data was gathered for 1,547 patients admitted over a 12-day
index period during the year 2004 to 130 public and 36 private psychiatric facilities in Italy. Patients were evaluated in
terms of whether they had been admitted for having attempted suicide or not. A detailed checklist was used to assess symptom
pattern at admission; diagnoses were based on ICD-10 categories. Two-hundred thirty patients (14.8%)...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - August 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
The use of disulfiram for alcohol-dependent patients and duration of outpatient treatmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objectives of this study were to analyse the use of disulfiram for alcohol-dependent
patients and the immediate interruption of treatment following medication prescription. This is a transversal study of 810
patients who attended the Alcohol and Drug Research Unit (UNIAD) during the 2000–2006 period. The study showed that both male
and female patients who had remained under treatment during the first year used proportionally more disulfiram than those
who remained for lesser time under treatment, and immediate treatment interruption was statistically more significant in this
latter group of patients after prescr...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - August 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: journals
