A transformer-based approach for Arabic offline handwritten text recognition
AbstractHandwriting recognition is a challenging and critical problem in the fields of pattern recognition and machine learning, with applications spanning a wide range of domains. In this paper, we focus on the specific issue of recognizing offline Arabic handwritten text. Existing approaches typically utilize a combination of convolutional neural networks for image feature extraction and recurrent neural networks for temporal modeling, with connectionist temporal classification used for text generation. However, these methods suffer from a lack of parallelization due to the sequential nature of recurrent neural networks....
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 27, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Global Stein theorem on Hardy spaces
AbstractLet\(f\) be an integrable function which has integral\(0\) on\(\mathbb{R}^n \). What is the largest condition on\(|f|\) that guarantees that\(f\) is in the Hardy space\(\mathcal{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\)? When\(f\) is compactly supported, it is well-known that the largest condition on\(|f|\) is the fact that\(|f|\in L \log L(\mathbb{R}^n) \). We consider the same kind of problem here, but without any condition on the support. We do so for\(\mathcal{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\), as well as for the Hardy space\(\mathcal{H}_{\log}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) which appears in the study of pointwise products of functions in\(\mat...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 24, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The effect of secondary phase on corrosion behaviors of the titanium –zirconium–molybdenum alloy
AbstractAs the range of applications for molybdenum and its alloys has expanded, the corrosive environment for molybdenum alloys has become more demanding. In the past, the content of doping elements has been studied to investigate their influence on the corrosion performance of titanium –zirconium–molybdenum (TZM) alloys. In this paper, it is considered that the second phase in the alloy is the main factor affecting the corrosion performance of TZM alloys. By comparing the corrosion behavior of molybdenum metal and TZM alloy, the effect of the secondary phase on corrosion behav iors of TZM alloy has been investigated....
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 22, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Landfill leachate treatment using fungi and fungal enzymes: a review
AbstractLandfill leachate raises a huge risk to human health and the environment as it contains a high concentration of organic and inorganic contaminants, heavy metals, ammonia, and refractory substances. Among leachate treatment techniques, the biological methods are more environmentally benign and less expensive than the physical –chemical treatment methods. Over the last few years, fungal-based treatment processes have become popular due to their ability to produce powerful oxidative enzymes like peroxidases and laccases. Fungi have shown better removal efficiency in terms of color, ammonia, and COD. However, their u...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Unlocking local value-added opportunities in the energy transition in former coal regions —the case of Lusatia (Lausitz)
AbstractThe main result of this study is that Lusatia, as an energy transition and structural change region, still has high expansion potential for photovoltaic and wind energy systems. In 2040, electricity production from wind turbines could reach four times the current level. In the case of photovoltaic systems, around seven to eight times the current level is possible. Only in the area of biomass has the expansion potential already been largely exhausted. The building sector can also contribute to achieving climate neutrality. If the renovation rate is significantly increased to 3.3% per year by 2040, the required heati...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Intelligente Spezialisierung in der brandenburgischen Lausitz  – eine Fallstudie
ZusammenfassungIntelligente Spezialisierung ist eine politische Handlungsempfehlung, die seit mehreren Jahren die Regionalpolitik der Europ äischen Union bestimmt. Der Just Transition Fund, der die Transformation in den Kohleregionen der EU erleichtern soll, erfordert einen Just Transition Plan, der ebenfalls auf dem Konzept der intelligenten Spezialisierung aufbaut. Die Empfehlung basiert auf der Annahme, dass sich auch in peripheren und wirtschaftlich schwachen Regionen endogene Entwicklungspotentiale finden, die sich durch eine geschickte regionale Förderung, die auf diese Eigenheiten abstellt, entwickeln lassen. Die ...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

St ärken und Schwächen regionaler Innovationssysteme in den vom Kohleausstieg betroffenen Regionen in Deutschland
ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag analysiert regionale Innovationssysteme in den Regionen Deutschlands, die aufgrund der Gesetzeslage bis zum Jahr 2038 den Ausstieg aus der thermischen Verwertung der Braunkohle vollzogen haben m üssen. Viele dieser Regionen weisen ohnehin Strukturschwächen auf. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie regionale Strukturpolitik dabei helfen kann, die Transformation der regionalen Wirtschaft zu meistern. Ein guter Anknüpfungspunkt besteht darin, regionale Innovationssysteme in ihrem Wandel zu stärken. Im Vergleich der drei betroffenen Reviere zeigt sich insbesondere für die Lausitz, dass bisher di...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Kinderbonus 2021 vs. Kinderbonus 2022: Unterschiedliche Kompensationsl ösungen des Bundes und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Einnahmen der Länder (inklusive Gemeinden)
ZusammenfassungDer Bund hat in den letzten Jahren mehrmals einen Bonus aus Mitteln der Lohn- und Einkommensteuer f ür jedes Kind gezahlt, was aufgrund der prozentualen Beteiligung an diesen Steuern zu Mindereinnahmen bei Ländern und Gemeinden geführt hat. Die Bundesländer inklusive ihrer Gemeinden sind unterschiedlich von den Mindereinnahmen betroffen. Dies liegt einmal daran, dass sich die Zahl der Kinderge ldkinder zwischen den Bundesländern unterscheidet. Es liegt aber auch daran, dass der Kinderbonus wie Kindergeld behandelt wird und somit die steuerliche Entlastungswirkung der Kinderfreibeträge mindert. Die Wirk...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The Regional Innovation System and Smart Specialisation in the “energy region” Lusatia
AbstractLusatia, a  rural-peripheral region in Eastern Germany, currently faces structural change due to the planned phase-out of lignite mining. Against the backdrop of the EU Smart Specialisation (S2) strategy, structural change funds need to be invested where it can strengthen Lusatia’s Regional Innovation Syste m (RIS). With Lusatia’s history, energy seems a promising topic S2. However, it is questionable if there is a critical mass of actors and research for energy topics in the region that could enable regional competitiveness. This paper addresses this issue by analysing the current state of Lusatia ’s RIS ...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Is Germany on track to achieve 2030 climate and energy targets?
AbstractIt is unclear how CO2 emissions in the German electricity sector will develop until 2030. On the one hand, the amendment in the Climate Change Act (as of August 2021) aims to tighten the emission reduction targets, fostering the pathway towards a  decarbonised energy system. On the other hand, the complex interplay between the main instruments used to mitigate carbon emissions, fuel prices and the latest energy scarcity as a result of Russia’s war in Ukraine generates pressure for increased emissions.Using an energy system model parametrised to reflect the 2021 energy market situation i.e., before Russia ’s a...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Hemorrhage at high altitude: impact of sustained hypobaric hypoxia on cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and tolerance to simulated hemorrhage in humans
AbstractWith ascent to high altitude (HA), compensatory increases in cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery must occur to preserve cerebral metabolism and consciousness. We hypothesized that this compensation in cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery preserves tolerance to simulated hemorrhage (via lower body negative pressure, LBNP), such that tolerance is similar during sustained exposure to HA vs. low altitude (LA). Healthy humans (4F/4  M) participated in LBNP protocols to presyncope at LA (1130 m) and 5–7 days following ascent to HA (3800 m). Internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow, cerebral delivery of oxyge...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 15, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition decreases in a non-linear fashion during prolonged exercise
ConclusionsThese data: (i) identify a non-linear time course of decreases in the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition during prolonged exercise; (ii) support the importance of durability of the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition in prolonged exercise capacity; and (iii) suggest durability of the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition is related to fat oxidation rates. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 14, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The athlete ’s heart: allometric considerations on published papers and relation to cardiovascular variables
In conclusion, while cardiac enlargement is, in part, essential for the generation of the cardiac output and thus stroke volume needed for competitive endurance exercise, an enlarged WT seems important for the development of the wall tension required for establishing normal arterial pressu re in the enlarged LVIDd. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research