European Journal of Immunology
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Spatial (Tbata) expression in mature medullary thymic epithelial cells.
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The Spatial gene (Stromal Protein Associated with Thymii and Lymph-node) is expressed in highly polarized cell types such as testis germ cells, brain neurons and thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Its expression was documented in testis and brain but poorly characterized in thymus. Here, we characterize for the first time Spatial-expressing TECs throughout ontogeny and adult mouse thymus. Spatial is expressed in thymic fated domain by embryonic day E10.5 and persists in subcapsular, cortical, medullary epithelial cells and in MTS24+progenitor thymic epithelial cells (TEPC). Using mouse strains in which thymocyte developme...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Saade M, Irla M, Yammine M, Boulanger N, Victorero G, Vincentelli R, Penninger JM, Holländer GA, Chauvet S, Nguyen C Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Activating NK cell receptors co-stimulate CD4+CD28- T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Email this article to a colleague.
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Effector T cell responses can be modulated by competing positive or negative signals transduced by NK cell receptors (NKR). In the CD4(+) T cell population, the expression of NKR is primarily found in the CD4(+)CD28(-) T cell subset, also known as CD28(null) T cells. These T cells are frequently found in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, suggesting that signaling through NKR may play a role in the autoimmune reaction. Here we aimed to dissect the phenotype and function of NKR-expressing CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. By analyzing a broad array of NKR on CD4(+)CD28(-) T...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fasth AE, Björkström NK, Anthoni M, Malmberg KJ, Malmström V Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
MyD88-dependent and -independent activation of TREM-1 via specific TLR ligands.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study we investigated whether the presence of TLRs is necessary for the expression of TREM-1. We show that bone marrow derived macrophages from TLR4 and TLR2 knockout mice failed to induce expression of TREM-1 message and protein in response to their specific ligands. Intriguingly, the expression of TREM-1 in response to LPS is not altered in MyD88 knockout macrophages suggesting that downstream of Toll receptors a MyD88-independent pathway induces the expression of TREM-1. Inhibiting TRIF expression by siRNA decreased TREM-1 expression in response to LPS suggesting that the expression of TREM-1 in response to LPS ...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Heng Z, Heiderscheidt CA, Joo M, Gao X, Knezevic N, Mehta D, Sadikot RT Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Unaltered negative selection and regulatory T cell development of self-reactive thymocytes in TCR transgenic Fyn-deficient mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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The tyrosine kinase Fyn has been implicated as playing an important role in the generation of both stimulatory and inhibitory signaling events induced by TCR engagement. To assess the role of Fyn for antigen-driven negative selection and regulatory T cell (Treg) development, which are both dependent on the strength and nature of TCR signaling, we generated mice that co-express the transgenes for ovalbumin and the OT-II TCR, which recognizes a peptide from ovalbumin. In mice expressing both transgenes, negative selection, Treg development in the thymus, and the number of Treg in the periphery were each unaffected by abl...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mamchak AA, Thien CB, Dagger SA, Lyandres J, Jiang S, Langdon WY, Defranco AL Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
The Tregs' world according to GARP.Email this article to a colleague.
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Naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells (nTregs) are essential for maintaining tolerance. FOXP3 has been established as a molecular marker of nTregs; however, FOXP3 cannot be used as a reliable marker for bona fide human nTregs since effector T cells also up-regulate FOXP3 expression upon activation. Despite the important function of nTreg, the underlying molecular mechanisms of nTreg-mediated suppression are far from defined. Previous studies have demonstrated that the TGF-beta latency-associated peptide (LAP) is expressed on the surface of nTregs, and that immunosuppression can be mediated by membrane...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Battaglia M, Roncarolo MG Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Galectin-9 expands immunosuppressive macrophages to ameliorate T cell-mediated lung inflammation.Email this article to a colleague.
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Galectin-9 (Gal-9) plays pivotal roles in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity to suppress T cell-mediated autoimmune models. However, it remains unclear if Gal-9 plays a suppressive role for T cell function in non-autoimmune disease models. We assessed the effects of Gal-9 on experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon (T.) asahii. When Gal-9 was given subcutaneously to C57BL/6 mice at the time of challenge with T. asahii, it significantly suppressed T. asahii-induced lung inflammation, as the levels of IL-1, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-17 were significantly reduced in the BALF of Gal-9-tre...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Arikawa T, Saita N, Oomizu S, Ueno M, Matsukawa A, Katoh S, Kojima K, Nagahara K, Miyake M, Yamauchi A, Kohrogi H, Hirashima M Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is selectively expressed by FOXP3(high)CD4(+) regulatory T cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, VEGFR2 may be a novel target for controlling Tregs with highly suppressive function.
PMID: 19902430 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Suzuki H, Onishi H, Wada J, Yamasaki A, Tanaka H, Nakano K, Morisaki T, Katano M Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Critical role for the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 in the resistance of mice to Toxoplasma gondii infection.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we demonstrate that the infection of mice with a protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, induced the expression of LMP7 mRNA in APC and increased the capacity of APC to induce the production of IFN-gamma by antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. In vitro infection of a DC cell line with T. gondii also induced the expression of LMP7 and resulted in enhanced proteasome proteolytic activity. Finally, mice lacking LMP7 were highly susceptible to infection with T. gondii and showed a reduced number of functional CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that proteasomes containing LMP7 play an indispensable role in the ...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tu L, Moriya C, Imai T, Ishida H, Tetsutani K, Duan X, Murata S, Tanaka K, Shimokawa C, Hisaeda H, Himeno K Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Critical role for the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 in the resistance of mice to Toxoplasma gondii infectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we demonstrate that the infection of mice with a protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, induced the expression of LMP7 mRNA in APC and increased the capacity of APC to induce the production of IFN-[gamma] by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In vitro infection of a DC cell line with T. gondii also induced the expression of LMP7 and resulted in enhanced proteasome proteolytic activity. Finally, mice lacking LMP7 were highly susceptible to infection with T. gondii and showed a reduced number of functional CD8+ T cells. These results demonstrate that proteasomes containing LMP7 play an indispensable role in the su...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Liping Tu, Chikako Moriya, Takashi Imai, Hidekazu Ishida, Kohhei Tetsutani, Xuefeng Duan, Shigeo Murata, Keiji Tanaka, Chikako Shimokawa, Hajime Hisaeda, Kunisuke Himeno Source Type: journals
In this issue.Email this article to a colleague.
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COVER IMAGE: This issue's cover features a composite of images showing that cathepsin X promotes co-localization of LFA-1 and alpha-actinin-1 and are taken from Jevnikar et al. (pp. 3217-3227). In this article, the authors show that cleavage of the three C-terminal amino acids of the beta(2) cytoplasmic tail of LFA-1 by cathepsin X promotes binding of alpha-actinin-1 to LFA-1; cathepsin X also enables LFA-1 to transition from its high to intermediate affinity form for ICAM-1. Together, the findings further our understanding of the mechanisms of T-cell migration. CD155 AND FOLLICULAR HELPER T CELLS: pp. 3160-3...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Immunology Affects us all - Even Superheroes.Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19882651 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Latest immunology books.Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19882652 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells induced by sublytic C5b-9 complexes in rats with Thy-1 nephritis is dependent on Gadd45gamma upregulation.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, both Gadd45gamma expression patterns and pathologic changes of renal tissue were examined in rat Thy-1N. Both Gadd45gamma expression and GMC apoptosis were significantly decreased in Thy-1N rats upon the depletion of complement with cobra venom factor. Our in vitro studies showed that Gadd45gamma over-expression increased sublytic C5b-9-induced GMC apoptosis, while Gadd45gamma gene knockdown by siRNA greatly reduced GMC apoptosis. Moreover, Gadd45gamma gene silencing in vivo markedly inhibited the pathologic changes in the renal tissue of Thy-1N rats. These data suggest that Gadd45gamma gene expression is in...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qiu W, Che N, Feng X, Xia M, Wang H, Zhao D, Wang Y Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Correction: Human IgA-secreting cells induced by intestinal, but systemic, immunization respond to CCL25 (TECK) and CCL28 (MEC).Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19882654 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sundström P, Lundin SB, Nilsson LA, Quiding-Järbrink M Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg induction by an HSP60-derived peptide SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum is TLR2 dependent.Email this article to a colleague.
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Chronic schistosome infection results in the suppression of host immune responses, allowing long-term schistosome survival and restricting pathology. Current theories suggest that Treg play an important role in this regulation. However, the mechanism of Treg induction during schistosome infection is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism behind the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells by Schistosoma japonicum HSP60 (SjHSP60)-derived peptide SJMHE1 as well as to elucidate the cellular and molecular basis for the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells during S. japonicum infection. Mice immunized w...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wang X, Zhou S, Chi Y, Wen X, Hoellwarth J, He L, Liu F, Wu C, Dhesi S, Zhao J, Hu W, Su C Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Antigen-specific Tregs impair CD8 T cell priming by blocking early T cell expansion.Email this article to a colleague.
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Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for the maintenance of self-tolerance and have been shown to control CD8 T cell effector functions. In addition, Tregs are thought to control the priming of CD8 T cells which recognize the same antigens as Tregs. Taking advantage of our model of peripheral tolerance induction to influenza hemagglutinin (HA) after HA gene transfer, we found that HA-specific Tregs suppress antigen-linked CTL responses through early blockade of CD8 T cell expansion. Confronted with their cognate antigen, Tregs expand more rapidly than CD8 T cells and are highly suppressive only during the init...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chappert P, Leboeuf M, Rameau P, Lalfer M, Desbois S, Liblau RS, Danos O, Davoust JM, Gross DA Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
IL-33 broadens its repertoire to affect dendritic cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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IL-33 is a novel multi-functional IL-1 family member that, in contrast to other family members, is associated with Th2 responses. IL-33 signals via a heterodimer composed of its receptor, IL-1 receptor-like-1 (IL-1RL1), more commonly known as ST2L, and the IL-1R accessory protein. ST2L is expressed by endothelial cells, mast cells, basophils, Th2 cells, and DC. IL-33 has been associated with several immune-mediated disorders, including asthma, arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast, there is evidence that IL-33 can inhibit atherosclerosis development. A report in this issue of the European Journal of Imm...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Turnquist HR, Thomson AW Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
BCR-induced superoxide negatively regulates B-cell proliferation and T-cell-independent type 2 Ab responsesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Superoxide and its derivatives have been implicated as secondary messenger molecules that influence signaling cascades in non-phagocytes. B lymphocytes produce superoxide after BCR ligation. We found that these ROS regulate B-cell signaling and entry into the cell cycle. B cells from mice deficient in the gp91phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex are unable to generate ROS after BCR ligation. However, after BCR stimulation, more gp91phox KO B cells enter the G1 stage of the cell cycle and proliferate than WT B cells. BCR ligation leads to a more rapid decrease in p27Kip1 levels in gp91phox KO B cells. Gp91phox KO mice ...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sabrina M. Richards, Edward A. Clark Source Type: journals
Endothelial IQGAP1 Regulates Efficient Lymphocyte Transendothelial Migration.Email this article to a colleague.
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Leukocyte movement from the blood to the tissues is a fundamental process in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. While the role of endothelial cells (EC) to recruit leukocytes to sites of inflammation is well known, the mechanisms that control remodeling of EC shape and adhesive contacts during leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) are not completely understood. We studied the role of IQGAP1, an adaptor protein that binds to F-actin and microtubules (MT) at interendothelial junctions, during lymphocyte TEM. EC IQGAP1 knockdown decreases MT tethered to the adherens junction (AJ), and decreases lymphocyte TEM t...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nakhaei-Nejad M, Zhang QX, Murray AG Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
A Novel Human CD4+ T cell Inducer Subset with Potent Immunostimulatory Properties.Email this article to a colleague.
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The complexity of immunoregulation has focused attention on the CD4+ T "suppressor" regulatory cell (T(reg)), which helps maintain balance between immunity and tolerance. An immunoregulatory T cell population that upon activation amplifies cellular immune responses was described in murine models more than thirty years ago. However, no study has yet identified a naturally occurring T "inducer" cell type. Here, we report that the ectoenzyme CD39/NTPDase1 (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1) helps to delineate a novel population of human "inducer" CD4+ T cells (T(Ind)) that significantly increases the proli...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ndhlovu LC, Leal FE, Eccles-James IG, Jha AR, Lanteri M, Norris PJ, Barbour JD, Wachter DJ, Andersson J, Taskén K, Torheim EA, Aandahl EM, Kallas EG, Nixon DF Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Mutations in complement factor I as found in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome lead either to altered secretion or altered function of factor I.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, mutations in CFI affect both secretion and function of FI, which leads to impaired regulation of the complement system in aHUS.
PMID: 19877009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nilsson SC, Kalchishkova N, Trouw LA, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Villoutreix BO, Blom AM Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Inhibition of clonal expansion by Foxp3 expression as a mechanism of controlled T-cell responses and autoimmune disease.Email this article to a colleague.
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The essential role of the transcription factor Foxp3 in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) has been well documented. The role of Foxp3 in nonregulatory T cells however, is not fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that Foxp3 expression is not confined to CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg. The present study shows that in Foxp3 transgenic (Foxp3-Tg) mice, in which the transgene is driven by the lck distal promoter, CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells that express the Foxp3 transgene do not upregulate the expression of CD25, GITR, or CTLA-4, and do not have suppressive function; however, the Foxp3-Tg(+)CD4(+)CD25(-) T c...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Guo L, Tian J, Marinova E, Zheng B, Han S Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Long lasting immunity by early infection of maternal-antibody protected infants.Email this article to a colleague.
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Newborn higher vertebrates are largely immuno-incompetent and generally survive infections - including poxviruses - by maternal antibody protection. Here we show that mice survived epidemics as adults only if exposed to lethal orthopoxvirus infections during infancy under the umbrella of maternal protective antibodies. This implies that both the absence of exposure to infection during early infancy or of effective vaccination renders the population highly susceptible to new or old re-emerging pathogens.
PMID: 19877011 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Navarini AA, Krzyzowska M, Lang KS, Horvath E, Hengartner H, Niemialtowski MG, Zinkernagel RM Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Micro-RNA-155 Inhibits IFN-gamma Signaling in CD4(+) T cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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Micro-RNA (miR) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of tissue-specific patterns of gene expression. CD4(+) T cells lacking miR-155, for example, exhibit bias towards Th2 differentiation, indicating that the absence of individual miR could alter CD4(+) T cell differentiation. We now show that MiR-155 is induced upon T cell activation and that it promotes Th1 differentiation when over-expressed in activated CD4(+) T cells. Antagonism of miR-155 leads to induction of IFN-gammaRalpha, and a functional miR-155 target site is identified within the 3' UTR of IFN-gammaRalpha. These results identify IFN-R as a se...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Banerjee A, Schambach F, Dejong CS, Hammond SM, Reiner SL Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Innate signaling regulates cross- priming at the level of DC- licensing and not antigen-presentation.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we addressed this question by measuring cross-presentation as well as cross-priming by virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying peptide p33 derived of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Innate stimuli were varied by either packaging different TLR-ligands into the VLP or using mice deficient in two key molecules of TLR-signaling, namely the adaptor molecule MyD88 as well as IFNalpha/beta receptor (IFNalpha/betaR. While efficient cross-presentation occurred despite strongly reduced activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the absence of TLR-ligand mediated signals, T cell priming was abolished. Thus, innat...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Keller SA, Schwarz K, Manolova V, von Allmen CE, Kinzler MG, Bauer M, Muntwiler S, Saudan P, Bachmann MF Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Egr2 regulates the survival of thymocytes during positive selection.Email this article to a colleague.
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The Egr transcription factor family regulates multiple steps during T-cell development. We examine here the role played by Egr2 in positive selection. In double positive cells, Egr2 is upregulated immediately following TCR ligation, and its expression requires both the MAPK and calcineurin signaling pathways. Inducible transgenic and knockout mice were generated to cause gain- or loss-of function of Egr2 in double positive cells, and had reciprocal effects; more mature single positive cells were made when Egr2 was overexpressed, and fewer when Egr2 was absent. These defects were associated with changes in the survival ...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lawson VJ, Weston K, Maurice D Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
BCR-induced superoxide negatively regulates B-cell proliferation and T-cell-independent type 2 Ab responses.Email this article to a colleague.
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Superoxide and its derivatives have been implicated as secondary messenger molecules that influence signaling cascades in non-phagocytes. B lymphocytes produce superoxide after BCR ligation. We found that these ROS regulate B-cell signaling and entry into the cell cycle. B cells from mice deficient in the gp91(phox) subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex are unable to generate ROS after BCR ligation. However, after BCR stimulation, more gp91(phox) KO B cells enter the G1 stage of the cell cycle and proliferate than WT B cells. BCR ligation leads to a more rapid decrease in p27(Kip1) levels in gp91(phox) KO B cells. Gp91(...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Richards SM, Clark EA Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Phenotypic analysis of human peripheral blood regulatory (CD4P+PFOXP3P+PCD127Plo/-P) T cells ex vivo and after in vitro restimulation with malaria antigens.Email this article to a colleague.
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Regulatory T cells (Treg) play crucial roles in regulating autoimmune responses and immunity to tumours and infectious diseases. However, numerous subpopulations of Treg are now being described and the utility of various Treg markers is being reassessed. Here we report the results of a detailed phenotypic comparison of two supposedly regulatory human T cell populations, namely CD4P(+P)FOXP3P(+P) T cells and CD4P(+P)CD25P(hiP) T cells. We find that CD4P(+P)FOXP3P(+P) cells are extremely heterogeneous with respect to CD25 expression and that FOXP3P(+P) and CD25P(hiP) CD4P(+P) T cells differ in their expression of chemoki...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Finney OC, Riley EM, Walther M Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Inhibition of murine lymphocyte expansion and effector function by regulatory T cells is cell contact-dependent and sensitive to GITR modulation.Email this article to a colleague.
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T cells are highly cytolytic lymphocytes that produce large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines during immune responses to multiple pathogens. Furthermore, their ability to kill tumor cells has fueled the development of T-cell-based cancer therapies. Thus, the regulation of -T-cell activity is of great biological and clinical relevance. Here we show that murine CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, the vast majority of which express the regulatory T-cell (Treg) marker, Foxp3, abolish key effector functions of T cells, namely the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN- and IL-17, cytotoxicity, and lymphocyte proliferation...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gonçalves-Sousa N, Ribot JC, Debarros A, Correia DV, Caramalho I, Silva-Santos B Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Expression of apoptosis-related genes in an ethiopian cohort study correlates with tuberculosis clinical status.Email this article to a colleague.
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M. tuberculosis remains one of the world's deadliest pathogens in part because of its ability to persist in the face of an active immune response. It has been suggested that apoptosis of infected macrophages is one way in which the host deals with intracellular pathogens and that M. tuberculosis can inhibit this process. To assess the relevance of this process for human disease, we compared the expression of multiple genes involved in the activation of the extrinsic ("death receptor initiated") pathway of apoptosis in 29 TB patients, 70 TB contacts and 27 community controls from Ethiopia. We found that there is a stro...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Abebe M, Doherty TM, Wassie L, Aseffa A, Bobosha K, Demissie A, Zewdie M, Engers H, Andersen P, Kim L, Huggett J, Rook G, Yamuah LK, Zumla A, Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Leishmania donovani-induced expression of SIRPalpha on kupffer cells enhances hepatic invariant NKT cell activation.Email this article to a colleague.
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SIRPalpha and its cognate ligand CD47 have been documented to have a broad range of cellular functions in development and immunity. Here we investigated the role of SIRPá- CD47 signalling in iNKT cell responses. We found that CD47 was required for the optimal production of IFN-gammafrom splenic invariant iNKT cells following exposure to áGalCer analogue PBS-57 and in vivo infection of mice with Leishmania donovani. Surprisingly, although SIRPá was undetectable in the liver of uninfected mice, the hepatic invariant iNKT cell response to infection was also impaired in CD47(-/-) mice. However, we found that...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Beattie L, Svensson M, Bune A, Brown N, Maroof A, Zubairi S, Smith KR, Kaye PM Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Regulatory T cells for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease: Professionals defeat amateurs.Email this article to a colleague.
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CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg are pivotal for the maintenance of self-tolerance and the adoptive transfer of Treg is envisaged for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the induction of tolerance after allogeneic organ or stem cell transplantation. Owing to the paucity of natural Treg in peripheral blood, isolation of Treg for therapeutic purposes is cumbersome and not easily translatable into clinical trials. To circumvent such hurdles, many groups explore the de novo induction of Treg from conventional T cells for potential clinical applications. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a paper examines the thera...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Edinger M Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
NKT cells: Friend or foe during viral infections?Email this article to a colleague.
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NKT cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that are found in rodents and primates. They are non-conventional T cells restricted by the CD1d molecule that presents self and exogenous glycolipids. NKT cells are unique in their ability to promptly secrete copious amounts of cytokines such as IFN-[gamma] and IL-4. Once activated, NKT cells can provide maturation signals to downstream cells, including DC, NK cells, and lymphocytes, thereby contributing to both innate and acquired immunity. Accordingly, NKT cells can influence a wide array of immune responses, including tumor surveillance, maintenance of self-tolerance and anti-inf...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Julien Diana, Agnès Lehuen Source Type: journals
Triggering of DC migration by dengue virus stimulation of COX-2-dependent signaling cascades in vitro highlights the significance of these cascades beyond inflammation.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined the significance of the COX-prostaglandin pathway in human DC infected by DV. We show that DV infection induced the expression of COX-2 and the production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in DC, and stimulated the DNA binding of NF-kappaB and the kinase activity of both IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK) alpha and beta. DV infection also activated MAPK and AP-1 signaling. Both IkappaBalpha kinase-NF-kappaB and MAPK-AP-1 were upstream of COX-2 activation. Our investigation into the significance of COX-2-PGE(2) pathway also revealed that DV infection enhances DC migration by inducing CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expressio...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wu WL, Ho LJ, Chang DM, Chen CH, Lai JH Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Triggering of DC migration by dengue virus stimulation of COX-2-dependent signaling cascades in vitro highlights the significance of these cascades beyond inflammationEmail this article to a colleague.
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We examined the significance of the COX-prostaglandin pathway in human DC infected by DV. We show that DV infection induced the expression of COX-2 and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in DC, and stimulated the DNA binding of NF-[kappa]B and the kinase activity of both I[kappa]B[alpha] kinase (IKK) [alpha] and [beta]. DV infection also activated MAPK and AP-1 signaling. Both I[kappa]B[alpha] kinase-NF-[kappa]B and MAPK-AP-1 were upstream of COX-2 activation. Our investigation into the significance of COX-2-PGE2 pathway also revealed that DV infection enhances DC migration by inducing CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wan-Lin Wu, Ling-Jun Ho, Deh-Ming Chang, Chen-Hung Chen, Jenn-Haung Lai Source Type: journals
Thymocyte deletion can bias Treg formation toward low-abundance self-peptideEmail this article to a colleague.
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Autoreactive CD4+ T cells can undergo deletion and/or become CD25+Foxp3+ Treg as they develop intrathymically, but how these alternative developmental fates are specified based on interactions with self-peptide(s) is not understood. We show here that thymocytes expressing an autoreactive TCR can be subjected to varying degrees of deletion that correlate with the amount of self-peptide. Strikingly, among thymocytes that evade deletion, similar proportions acquire Foxp3 expression. These findings provide evidence that Foxp3+ Treg can develop among members of a cohort of autoreactive thymocytes that have evaded deletion by a ...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 21, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cristina Cozzo Picca, Soyoung Oh, Laura Panarey, Malinda Aitken, Alissa Basehoar, Andrew J. Caton Source Type: journals
Nuclear retention of IL-1[alpha] by necrotic cells: A mechanism to dampen sterile inflammationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Sterile inflammation is a host response to tissue injury that is mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns released from dead cells. Sterile inflammation worsens damage in a number of injury paradigms. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1[alpha] is reported to be a damage-associated molecular pattern released from dead cells, and it is known to exacerbate brain injury caused by stroke. In the brain, IL-1[alpha] is produced by microglia, the resident brain macrophages. We found that IL-1[alpha] is actively trafficked to the nuclei of microglia, and hence tested the hypothesis that trafficking of IL-1[alpha] to the nucl...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nadia M. Luheshi, Barry W. McColl, David Brough Source Type: journals
Microbial induction of inflammatory bowel disease associated gene TL1A (TNFSF15) in antigen presenting cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we report that multiple bacteria, including gram negative organisms (E. coli, E. coli Nissle 1917, Salmonella typhimurium), gram positive organisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis), partial anaerobes (Campylobacter jejuni), and obligate anaerobes (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium breve, Clostridium A4) activate TL1A expression in human APC, including monocytes and monocyte-derived DC. Bacterially induced TL1A mRNA expression correlates with the detection of TL1A protein levels. TL1A induced by bacteria is mediated in part by the TLR signaling pathway and inhibited by downstre...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shih DQ, Kwan LY, Chavez V, Cohavy O, Gonsky R, Chang EY, Chang C, Elson CO, Targan SR Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Curcumin induces the tolerogenic dendritic cell that promotes differentiation of intestine-protective regulatory T cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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We report here that curcumin modulated BM-derived DC to express ALDH1a and IL-10. These curcumin-treated DC induced differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells into Treg resembling Treg in the intestine, including both CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Treg and IL-10-producing Tr1 cells. Such Treg induction required IL-10, TGF-beta and retinoic acid produced by curcumin-modulated DC. Cell contact as well as IL-10 and TGF-beta production were involved in the function of such induced Treg. More importantly, these Treg inhibited antigen-specific T-cell activation in vitro and inhibited colitis due to antigen-specific pathogenic T cells...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cong Y, Wang L, Konrad A, Schoeb T, Elson CO Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Depletion of tumor-induced Treg prior to reconstitution rescues enhanced priming of tumor-specific, therapeutic effector T cells in lymphopenic hosts.Email this article to a colleague.
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We reported previously that vaccination of reconstituted, lymphopenic mice resulted in a higher frequency of tumor-specific effector T cells with therapeutic activity than vaccination of normal mice. Here, we show that lymphopenic mice reconstituted with spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice (TBM), a situation that resembles the clinical condition, failed to generate tumor-specific T cells with therapeutic efficacy. However, depletion of CD25(+) Treg from the spleen cells of TBM restored tumor-specific priming and therapeutic efficacy. Adding back TBM CD25(+) Treg to CD25(-) naïve and TBM donor T cells prior to reconst...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Poehlein CH, Haley DP, Walker EB, Fox BA Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Monocyte and neutrophil recruitment during oral Salmonella infection is driven by MyD88-derived chemokines.Email this article to a colleague.
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Oral Salmonella infection recruits phagocytes to Peyer's patches (PP) and MLN. The chemokines induced in infected PP and MLN, the cellular sources during infection and the TLR signaling pathways involved in vivo are not known. Here, we show that CCL2, CXCL9 and CXCL2 mRNA are up-regulated in PP and MLN coincident with the first arrival of monocytes and neutrophils. Laser capture microdissection microscopy revealed that chemokine mRNA up-regulation was differently distributed in PP. Despite this, recruited monocytes and neutrophils formed inflammatory cell clusters throughout PP. Monocytes and neutrophils purified from ...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rydström A, Wick MJ Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Treg suppress CTL responses upon immunization with HSP gp96.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we monitored the activities of T cells and activation of Treg in BABL/c mice after immunization using different doses of gp96 as adjuvant. We found that co-injection of gp96 simultaneously stimulated both CTL and Treg activity. Activation of CTL at low dose was far more pronounced than Treg activation. Treg population and suppression increased with gp96 dose, eventually abrogating the T-cell response induced by immunization. Low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment could restore the T-cell responses lost after high-dose gp96 adjuvant injection by suppression of Treg activation. We further examined the effect of d...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Liu Z, Li X, Qiu L, Zhang X, Chen L, Cao S, Wang F, Meng S Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Nuclear retention of IL-1alpha by necrotic cells: A mechanism to dampen sterile inflammation.Email this article to a colleague.
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Discuss or comment on this article.
Sterile inflammation is a host response to tissue injury that is mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns released from dead cells. Sterile inflammation worsens damage in a number of injury paradigms. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1alpha is reported to be a damage-associated molecular pattern released from dead cells, and it is known to exacerbate brain injury caused by stroke. In the brain, IL-1alpha is produced by microglia, the resident brain macrophages. We found that IL-1alpha is actively trafficked to the nuclei of microglia, and hence tested the hypothesis that trafficking of IL-1alpha to the nucleus ...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Luheshi NM, McColl BW, Brough D Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: journals
Microbial induction of inflammatory bowel disease associated gene TL1A (TNFSF15) in antigen presenting cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that multiple bacteria, including gram negative organisms (E. coli, E. coli Nissle 1917, Salmonella typhimurium), gram positive organisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis), partial anaerobes (Campylobacter jejuni), and obligate anaerobes (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium breve, Clostridium A4) activate TL1A expression in human APC, including monocytes and monocyte-derived DC. Bacterially induced TL1A mRNA expression correlates with the detection of TL1A protein levels. TL1A induced by bacteria is mediated in part by the TLR signaling pathway and inhibited by downstre...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: David Q. Shih, Lola Y. Kwan, Valerie Chavez, Offer Cohavy, Rivkah Gonsky, Elmer Y. Chang, Christopher Chang, Charles O. Elson, Stephan R. Targan Source Type: journals
Curcumin induces the tolerogenic dendritic cell that promotes differentiation of intestine-protective regulatory T cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here that curcumin modulated BM-derived DC to express ALDH1a and IL-10. These curcumin-treated DC induced differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Treg resembling Treg in the intestine, including both CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and IL-10-producing Tr1 cells. Such Treg induction required IL-10, TGF-[beta] and retinoic acid produced by curcumin-modulated DC. Cell contact as well as IL-10 and TGF-[beta] production were involved in the function of such induced Treg. More importantly, these Treg inhibited antigen-specific T-cell activation in vitro and inhibited colitis due to antigen-specific pathogenic T cells in vivo...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yingzi Cong, Lanfang Wang, Astrid Konrad, Trenton Schoeb, Charles O. Elson Source Type: journals
Depletion of tumor-induced Treg prior to reconstitution rescues enhanced priming of tumor-specific, therapeutic effector T cells in lymphopenic hostsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Discuss or comment on this article.
We reported previously that vaccination of reconstituted, lymphopenic mice resulted in a higher frequency of tumor-specific effector T cells with therapeutic activity than vaccination of normal mice. Here, we show that lymphopenic mice reconstituted with spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice (TBM), a situation that resembles the clinical condition, failed to generate tumor-specific T cells with therapeutic efficacy. However, depletion of CD25+ Treg from the spleen cells of TBM restored tumor-specific priming and therapeutic efficacy. Adding back TBM CD25+ Treg to CD25- naïve and TBM donor T cells prior to reconstitution co...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Christian H. Poehlein, Daniel P. Haley, Edwin B. Walker, Bernard A. Fox Source Type: journals
Treg suppress CTL responses upon immunization with HSP gp96Email this article to a colleague.
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Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we monitored the activities of T cells and activation of Treg in BABL/c mice after immunization using different doses of gp96 as adjuvant. We found that co-injection of gp96 simultaneously stimulated both CTL and Treg activity. Activation of CTL at low dose was far more pronounced than Treg activation. Treg population and suppression increased with gp96 dose, eventually abrogating the T-cell response induced by immunization. Low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment could restore the T-cell responses lost after high-dose gp96 adjuvant injection by suppression of Treg activation. We further examined the effect of d...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhen Liu, Xinghui Li, Lipeng Qiu, Xiaojun Zhang, Lizhao Chen, Sheng Cao, Fusheng Wang, Songdong Meng Source Type: journals
Monocyte and neutrophil recruitment during oral Salmonella infection is driven by MyD88-derived chemokinesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Oral Salmonella infection recruits phagocytes to Peyer's patches (PP) and MLN. The chemokines induced in infected PP and MLN, the cellular sources during infection and the TLR signaling pathways involved in vivo are not known. Here, we show that CCL2, CXCL9 and CXCL2 mRNA are up-regulated in PP and MLN coincident with the first arrival of monocytes and neutrophils. Laser capture microdissection microscopy revealed that chemokine mRNA up-regulation was differently distributed in PP. Despite this, recruited monocytes and neutrophils formed inflammatory cell clusters throughout PP. Monocytes and neutrophils purified from infe...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Anna Rydström, Mary Jo Wick Source Type: journals
A novel H1N1 virus causes the first pandemic of the 21st centuryEmail this article to a colleague.
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A novel H1N1 virus of swine origin (H1N1v ) is currently spreading in humans, giving rise to the first pandemic in 40 years. The disease is of moderate severity but has notable differences from seasonal influenza. In contrast to seasonal influenza, those over 60 years are relatively spared, a likely consequence of the presence of H1N1v cross-neutralizing antibody in this age group. Most patients appear to have mild influenza-like illness and many of the complications leading to hospitalization and mortality occur in those with underlying disease conditions or pregnancy. Studies in animal models suggest that the novel H1N1v...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: J. S. Malik Peiris, Wen-wei Tu, Hui-ling Yen Source Type: journals
IL-24 protects against Salmonella typhimurium infection by stimulating early neutrophil Th1 cytokine production, which in turn activates CD8+ T cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Salmonella are important intracellular pathogens in humans and other animal hosts. IL-24 is a novel tumour suppressor and can mediate induction of Th1-type cytokines from PBMC. However, the immunological consequences of this cytokine during intracellular pathogen infection in vivo remain unclear. In the present study, we used a virulent S. typhimurium C5 infected mouse model of typhoid fever to demonstrate that administration of exogenous IL-24 had a protective effect against the bacteria. The IL-24 glycosylation site mutant, in contrast, showed a decreased protective effect. Furthermore, the protective effect of IL-24 was...
Source: European Journal of Immunology - October 14, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yunfeng Ma, Haidan Chen, Qilong Wang, Fengling Luo, Jun Yan, Xiao-Lian Zhang Source Type: journals
