European Journal of Lipid Science and TechnologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Catalytic cleavage of methyl oleate or oleic acidEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Different reaction pathways are discussed for the Os-catalyzed oxidation of methyl oleate and oleic acid using O2/aldehyde as oxidation system. Monomethyl azelate and pelargonic acid were the main products obtained in yields of approximately 50-70% starting from methyl oleate. Besides, varying amounts of methyl 9,10-epoxystearate and methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate were found as by-products. Azelaic acid and pelargonic acid were obtained exclusively from oleic acid used as reactant. Some mechanistic considerations led to the conclusion that the observed products are formed in parallel reaction paths. The effective oxidant fo...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 30, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Angela Köckritz, Michael Blumenstein, Andreas Martin Source Type: journals

Nutritional value of rapeseed oil and its high oleic/low linolenic variety - A call for differentiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To offer the best choice of healthy and acceptable food to the consumer a coordination of plant breeding, food processing and nutrition science is required. Here the nutritional aspects of the high oleic/low linolenic (HOLLi) varieties of rapeseed with a low [alpha]-linolenic acid content of about 3% are reviewed. The content of [alpha]-linolenic acid amounting to around 9% is the hallmark of the positive nutritional value of the original (erucic acid free) 00 varieties of rapeseed oil ("canola" quality in North America). n-3 fatty acids are endowed with the property to protect the cardiovascular system from chronic diseas...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Christian A. Barth Source Type: journals

Vegetable oil-based thermosetting polymersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the preparation of biobased polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes-nanocomposites from epoxidized linseed oil. Moreover, we describe the preparation of a new family of epoxidized methyl oleate-based polyether polyols, which were used in the synthesis of polyurethanes with specific applications: silicon-containing polyurethanes with enhanced flame-retardant properties and polyurethane networks with potential applications in biomedicine. An enone-containing triglyceride derivative was obtained, by an environmentally friendly chemical procedure from high oleic sunflower oil that could be cross-linked with diamines. I...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Marina Galià, Lucas Montero de Espinosa, Joan Carles Ronda, Gerard Lligadas, Virginia Cádiz Source Type: journals

Determination of cypermethrin in palm oil matricesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a new method was developed for the determination of cypermethrin residue in both crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) using GC with electron capture detector. In this method, the oil was extracted with acetonitrile. Aliquots were cleaned-up using combined solid phase extraction (SPE), and a primary-secondary amine in combination with graphitized carbon black. The SPE cartridges were first conditioned and then eluted with acetonitrile. Cypermethrin recoveries from the fortified CPO samples were 87-98% with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 4-8%, while those for the fortified CPKO sa...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Badrul Hisyam Zainudin, Nor Kartini Abu Bakar, Halimah Muhamad Source Type: journals

Application of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for determination of extra virgin olive oil adulterationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for detecting adulteration of extra virgin olive oil with olive oil was investigated. Synchronous fluorescence spectra were collected in the region of 240-700 nm with wavelength intervals ([Delta][lambda]) of 10, 30, 60 and 80 nm. Regression models were used to quantify the detection limits of adulteration. The technique applied proved to be useful for detecting the addition of olive oil to extra virgin olive oil. The lowest detection limits of adulteration (8.9% and 8.4%) were observed when the wavelength interval applied were 60 and 80 nm, respectively. (Source: European Journal...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Anna Dankowska, Maria Ma[lstrok]ecka Source Type: journals

Effect of processing parameters on sunflower phosphatidylcholine-enriched fractions extracted with aqueous ethanolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lecithins are widely used in the food industry because of their multifunctional characteristics. Fractionation of the original mixture of phospholipids in lecithin is desirable for certain applications. The influence of ethanol/water mixtures (90 : 10 to 96 : 4) and other operative conditions (temperature 35-65 °C, incubation time 30-90 min, solvent/lecithin ratio 2 : 1, 3 : 1) on the extraction of phosphatidylcholine (PC)-enriched fractions of sunflower lecithin (a non-GMO product) was investigated. Yield % and phospholipid composition of the enriched PC fractions as well as the residue were determined. The percent extra...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Dario M. Cabezas, Bernd Diehl, Mabel C. Tomás Source Type: journals

Physical-chemical characteristics and oxidative stability of oil obtained from lyophilized raspberry seedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fresh raspberry (Rubus idaeus), cultivar Willamette, was freeze-dried (lyophilization). A byproduct of lyophilization is "fine dust" of raspberry consisting of finely ground raspberry fruit body and seed. The seeds were separated. The seed oil was isolated and its physical and chemical characteristics were determined. Parameters that characterize the seed and quality of the oil were examined, including fatty acid composition, oxidative stability under different storage conditions, and radical-scavenging activity. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC/FID and the contents of the dominant fatty acids were found as:...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Aleksandra [Scaron]u[cacute]urovi[cacute], Nikola Vukeli[cacute], Ljubi[scaron]a Ignjatovi[cacute], Ilija Br[ccaron]eski, Du[scaron]an Jovanovi[cacute] Source Type: journals

Chemical evaluation of some paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) seed oilsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The oil contents of seeds from paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) collected from different locations in Turkey and Italy varied in a relatively wide range from 8.5 g/100 g to 32.6 g/100 g. The fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol contents of the oils from different paprika seeds were investigated. The main fatty acids in paprika seed oils were linoleic acid (69.5-74.7 g/100 g), oleic acid (8.9-12.5 g/100 g) and palmitic acid (10.7-14.2 g/100 g). The oils contained an appreciable amount of [gamma]-tocopherol (306.6-602.6 mg/kg), followed by [alpha]-tocopherol (7.3-148.7 mg/kg). The major sterols were [beta]-sitosterol (1571.4-4061.7...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Bertrand Matthäus, Mehmet Musa Özcan Source Type: journals

Insights into the physicochemical properties of coffee oilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The lipid fraction of roasted coffee is an interesting ingredient that could be used in a large number of food formulations. Coffee oil has peculiar flavouring as well as nutraceutical characteristics. The feasibility of the use of coffee oil as ingredient greatly depends not only on its chemical characteristics but also on its physical properties. The crystallisation and melting properties of the coffee oil extracted from Arabica roasted coffee powder were determined by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with differential scanning calorimetry. The fatty acid composition and the flavour profile were also assessed ...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sonia Calligaris, Marina Munari, Gianmichele Arrighetti, Luisa Barba Source Type: journals

Quantum-chemical treatment of the linoleic acid molecule and two of its conjugated isomersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The structural, vibrational and electronic properties of the linoleic acid molecule and two of its conjugated isomers were investigated theoretically by performing the molecular mechanics (MM+ force field), the semi-empirical self-consistent-field molecular-orbital (PM3), and the density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. The geometries of the considered molecules were optimized; the vibrational dynamics and the electronic properties were calculated in their ground states in the gas phase. It was found that the excess charge accumulated on hydrogen atoms bonded to double-bonded carbon atoms is relatively small, which ...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sevil Kurban, Figen Erkoç, [Scedil]akir Erkoç Source Type: journals

Biosynthesis of lipids and organic acids by Yarrowia lipolytica strains cultivated on glucoseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The biochemical behavior of wild-type or genetically modified (presenting decreased expression of intracellular acyl-CoA oxidases) Yarrowia lipolytica strains cultivated on commercial glucose was studied. Flask nitrogen-limited cultures were performed favoring the production of organic acids (and potentially the accumulation of lipid). Nitrogen depletion induced secretion of citric acid, while intracellular lipid was not produced in high quantities. Maximum total citric acid up to 49 g/L (yield 0.85 g/g glucose) was produced. In some of the wild-type strains, an increase of glucose in the medium also induced noticeable pro...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Seraphim Papanikolaou, Afroditi Chatzifragkou, Stylianos Fakas, Maria Galiotou-Panayotou, Michael Komaitis, Jean-Marc Nicaud, George Aggelis Source Type: journals

Temperature-dependent solubility of wax compounds in ethanolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ability of ethanol to dissolve wax compounds, as an alternative to traditional lipid solvents, was investigated for the recovery of cuticular lipids from biomass. The solubilities of fatty esters with carbon chain lengths from 40 to 54 were measured in ethanol over a temperature range of 30-80°C. The greatest increase in solubility was observed between 40° and 60°C for the long chain waxes that are characteristic of flax cuticle lipids. The solubility of a 52-carbon wax increased by a factor of four over this temperature range. The Van't Hoff equation was used to estimate enthalpy of solution values. Ethanol was an ...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ronald Alan Holser Source Type: journals

Triacylglycerols from viper bugloss (Echium vulgare L.) seed bio-oilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Triacylglycerols (TAG) in viper bugloss oil were isolated from raw pressed oil by silicic acid column chromatography. The obtained blend of TAG was separated by silver ion thin-layer chromatography (TLC Ag+) into nine fractions, varying in terms of unsaturation level and molecular polarity. The composition of TAG in viper bugloss oil was determined by HPLC coupled with a diode-array detector and an evaporative light-scattering detector. The results showed that the first three fractions were combinations of TAG containing palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Fractions 4 and 6 contained TAG of a similar acid composition as ab...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sylwester Czaplicki, Ryszard Zadernowski, Dorota Ogrodowska Source Type: journals

Bene hull oil as a highly stable and antioxidative vegetable oilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fatty acid composition, peroxide value, acid value, iodine value, saponification number, unsaponifiable matter content, total tocopherols and phenolics contents, and wax content of Bene hull oil (BHO) were determined and compared to those of Bene kernel oil (BKO) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOLO). Considering the fatty acid composition and total tocopherols and phenolics contents, the resistance to the production of conjugated diene hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds during the heating process at 170 °C for BHO was about 4.2 and 7.3 times and about 1.7 and 2.0 times those of BKO and EVOLO, respectively. The antioxidan...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - September 29, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Reza Farhoosh, Mohammad Hossein Haddad Khodaparast, Ali Sharif Source Type: journals

Analysis of fatty acid profile in plasma phospholipids by solid-phase extraction in combination with GCEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Phospholipids are recognised as an important source and transport form for metabolically active fatty acids. Therefore, detailed analysis of fatty acid profiles in plasma phospholipids as marker for dietary habits or interventions gains more and more importance. Appropriate analytical methods described so far are either expensive or susceptible to handling errors. We developed a method to separate plasma phospholipids by acetone fractionation combined with SPE in order to analyse the fatty acid compositions in phospholipid fractions of human plasma by GC analysis. The method has been validated in order to be applied to the...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 26, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Lenka A. Taylor, Vittorio Ziroli, Ulrich Massing Source Type: journals

Distribution of monomeric, dimeric and polymeric products of stigmasterol during thermo-oxidationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study showed that a significant proportion of thermo-oxidation products are not polar monomeric oxides which are commonly analyzed as oxidation products. (Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology)
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 25, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Anna-Maija Lampi, Suvi Kemmo, Anu Mäkelä, Susanna Heikkinen, Vieno Piironen Source Type: journals

Natural antioxidants in tree nutsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The levels of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals present in tree nuts are reported. Where possible, the health claims by Food and Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority and health effects of tree nuts are provided. The content and recommended dietary allowances of nutrient antioxidants (such as vitamins A, C, E, and the mineral selenium) present in various tree nuts are compared. Antioxidant activity and phytochemicals present among tree nuts have been thoroughly reviewed. Research findings from over 65 references, many of which have been published within the last 10 years, have been compiled and repor...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 24, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Cesarettin Alasalvar, Fereidoon Shahidi Source Type: journals

Evaluation of phosphoglycolipid elimination from rice bran oil by a nonporous membrane using NMR spectroscopyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The presence of phosphoglycolipids (PGL) in degummed rice bran oil (RBO) affects the color in the subsequent refining process, posing problems in producing a final product of acceptable quality. A nonporous membrane could achieve near complete removal of phospholipids even under hexane-diluted conditions, including PGL present in RBO. PGL from glycolipid fractions isolated from various membrane process stream samples, analyzed by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopic techniques, indicated the absence of PGL in the permeate, besides identifying them to be oleates/linoleates of phosphatidic acid. Hence, the efficacy of a nonporo...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 24, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sarode Manjula, Soundar Divakar, Rangaswamy Subramanian Source Type: journals

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts of Ginkgo leavesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the present study was to determine the flavonol contents of crude extracts from Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves, their antioxidant properties in model system studies, and their inhibitory action of linoleic acid oxidation in an emulsion system and of triacylglycerols (TAG) in rapeseed oil. Extracts were prepared from both green and yellow leaves of Ginkgo trees using water, aqueous acetone, and ethanol. Extracts were analyzed by HPLC for their presence and content of selected flavonols; these included myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and morin. The highest level of flavonols, especially quercetin...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 24, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Joanna Kobus, Ewa Flaczyk, Aleksander Siger, Ma[lstrok]gorzata Nogala-Ka[lstrok]ucka, Józef Korczak, Ronald B. Pegg Source Type: journals

Physicochemical studies of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil using enzyme-assisted cold-pressingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of enzyme-assisted cold-pressing (EACP) on the physicochemical attributes of Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil were investigated using five enzyme preparations: Protex 7L, Viscozyme L, Kemzyme, Feedzyme, and Natuzyme. The oil contents (28.4-32.8%) offered by the enzyme-treated hempseeds were found to be significantly (p 0.05) variations observed for the values of iodine number, refractive index, density, unsaponifiable matter and fatty acid composition between the enzyme-extracted and control hempseed oils. The levels of saponification value, free fatty acids, iodine value and peroxide value were slightly varied ...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 24, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sajid Latif, Farooq Anwar Source Type: journals

Stepwise geographical traceability of virgin olive oils by chemical profiles using artificial neural network modelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The geographical traceability of virgin olive oils implies the use of analytical methods that allow the identification of the origin of the oil and the authentication of the information boasted on the labels. In this work, the geographical identification of the virgin olive oils has been addressed by complete chemical characterisation of samples (64 compounds analysed by GC and HPLC) and the design of artificial neural network (ANN) models for each one of the levels of a proposed classification scheme. A high number of samples (687) from Spain, Italy and Portugal served as training and test sets for the ANN models. The hig...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 24, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Diego L. García-González, Guadalupe Luna, Maria T. Morales, Ramón Aparicio Source Type: journals

In-vitro study on the efficacy of tannin fractions of edible nuts as antioxidantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tannin fractions were isolated from crude acetonic extracts of defatted walnut, hazelnut and almond kernels using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The obtained material was characterized by content of total phenolics and electrophoretic separations using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The antioxidant activities of the tannin fractions were analyzed by several methods: DPPH and ABTS assays, photochemiluminescence (PCL) method, as well as in two lipid model systems: emulsion with [beta]-carotene-linoleic acid and L-[alpha]-lecithin liposomes. The contents of total phenolics in the tannin fractions of walnuts, haz...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 24, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Magdalena Karama[cacute] Source Type: journals

Ethanolamines used for degumming of rapeseed and sunflower oils as diesel fuelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pure vegetable oils can be used as alternative fuel for standard unmodified diesel engines, provided the oil viscosity has been lowered by heating before they enter the fuel injection system. In its role as diesel fuel, a vegetable oil has to have, among other parameters, a low acidity and low contents of phosphorus and the alkali earth metals Ca + Mg. Such parameters can be achieved by appropriate partial refining of oil by degumming. In this article, three common ethanolamines, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA), were used as degumming agents for removing non-hydratable phospholipids f...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 7, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Oybek Zufarov, [Scaron]tefan Schmidt, Stanislav Sekretár, Ján Cvengro[scaron] Source Type: journals

Fatty acid composition of selected roes from some marine speciesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fifteen roes from different marine fish species available in Spain were analyzed in order to determine their fatty acid (FA) composition, especially the eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) contents. Roes from Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), European squid (Loligo vulgaris), cuttlefish (Sepia spp.), lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), European hake (Merluccius merluccius), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and gonads of male Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) reached EPA + DHA amounts higher than 30% of the total FA, and among them, roes from lumpfish, European hake and salmon provide differ...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Miguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera, María Dolores Suárez-Medina, José Luis Guil-Guerrero Source Type: journals

Potato and soy peptides alter caecal fermentation and reduce serum non-HDL cholesterol in rats fed cholesterolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the effect of potato peptides (PPC) in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet, in comparison with two cholesterol-enriched diets containing soy peptides (SPC) or casein (CNC), and a cholesterol-free diet containing casein (CN) for 4 weeks. The serum non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was lower in the PPC- (-18.39%) and SPC-fed (-32.76%) groups (p (Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology)
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ruvini Liyanage, Kyu-Ho Han, Ken-ichiro Shimada, Mitsuo Sekikawa, Yoshihiko Tokuji, Kiyoshi Ohba, Keiko Sasaki, Barana Chaminda Jayawardana, Takashi Shimizu, Michihiro Fukushima Source Type: journals

Biotransformation of glycidol by the unspecific wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glycidol was biologically derivatized by the unspecific wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA): diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT) from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 into glycidyl acyl ester. Catalysis of in vitro conversion of glycidol to glycidyl acyl ester by the WS/DGAT from A. baylyi was verified by (i) a radiometric assay, (ii) thin-layer chromatography and (iii) also by ESI-MS. A specific activity of 50 nmol·mg-1·min-1 was obtained when 10 mM glycidol and 5 µM palmitoyl-CoA were used. In vivo synthesized glycidyl acyl esters in recombinant E. coli were detected and quantified by staining with the epoxide...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ok Bin Kim, Heinrich Luftmann, Alexander Steinbüchel Source Type: journals

Improvement of Staphylococcus xylosus lipase production through optimization of the culture conditionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Staphylococcus xylosus strain produces without induction an original lipase named S. xylosus lipase (SXL). Since considerable interest has been given to microbial lipases for biotechnology applications like detergents, food, drugs and pharmaceutical products, improvement of their production is of great importance to reduce the final cost. This goal could be reached through the optimization of several physicochemical culture conditions. Indeed, an appropriate medium was formulated for SXL production. It was composed of 17 g/L pancreatic digest of casein, 2.5 g/L glucose, 6 g/L yeast extract, 0.75 g/L ammonium sulfate co...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Dhouha Ghribi, Adel Sayari, Youssef Gargouri, Sofiane Bezzine Source Type: journals

Biodiesel preparation in a batch emulsification reactorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The transesterification of vegetable oils (rapeseed oil was used here) by low molecular weight alcohol is the most used method of biodiesel production. Since the reaction proceeds at the alcohol-oil interface, it is necessary to create a large interphase surface area using a special emulsifying attachment. We studied how the conditions (e.g., independent variables: molar ratio alcohol to oil, amount of catalyst used, KOH, time and temperature of reaction, intensity of stirring, revolution of emulsifying attachment) affected the quality and quantity (dependent variables) of the ester phase, i.e., the biodiesel. The amount o...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - August 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Martin Hájek, Franti[scaron]ek Skopal, Ji[rcaron]í Kwiecien Source Type: journals

Protecting oil during frying: A comparative studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of carbon dioxide blanketing (CDB) and vacuum frying (VF) on the frying performance of regular canola oil was evaluated. For 7 h daily and for 7 days French fries were fried in regular canola oil at 185 ± 5 °C without and with CDB and in a vacuum fryer. The extent of changes in the oil was assessed by analysis of total polar compounds (TPC), anisidine value (AV), color component formation and changes in composition of fatty acids and tocopherols. Frying under CDB reduced the amount of TPC by 54%, while 76% reduction was observed during VF compared to standard frying conditions (SFC). Similarly, lower oxidative...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 13, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Felix A. Aladedunye, Roman Przybylski Source Type: journals

Effect of location on virgin olive oils of the two main Tunisian olive cultivarsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The olive oil content in phenolic compounds depends on the variety of the fruit used for its extraction as well as on the predominant climate conditions in the tree cultivation area. Here, we report on the characterization of virgin olive oil samples obtained from fruits of the main Tunisian olive cultivars Chemlali and Chétoui, grown in three different Tunisian locations, Zaghouan (North), Sousse (Center) and Sfax (South). Chétoui olive oil samples obtained from fruits of olive trees cultivated in Zaghouan and Chemlali olive oil samples obtained from fruits of olive trees cultivated in Sousse were found to have a higher...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 12, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Mokhtar Guerfel, Youssef Ouni, Amani Taamalli, Dalenda Boujnah, Evagellia Stefanoudaki, Mokhtar Zarrouk Source Type: journals

Identification of adulterants added to beeswax: Estimation of detectable minimum percentagesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The minimum percentages of adulteration of pure beeswax from Apis mellifera with three paraffins of different melting points and with cow tallow, stearic acid and carnauba wax that can be detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection were established. The concentrations of 93 endogenous beeswax compounds such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, olefins, acids, monoesters, alcohols and hydroxyacids were measured in relation to an internal standard (octadecyl octadecanoate) in mixtures of beeswax with the six adulterants; the variation of the concentrations of the compounds with the adulteration percentage was also s...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 12, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Juan J. Jiménez, José L. Bernal, Maria J. del Nozal, Maria T. Martín, Laura Toribio Source Type: journals

Lipid and mineral distribution in different zones of farmed and wild blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lipid composition was studied in different white muscle zones (ventral, dorsal and tail) of wild and farmed blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo). The study was complemented by moisture, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and trace mineral determinations. Farmed fish muscle showed higher lipid and triacylglycerol contents, but lower values for moisture, TMAO and [alpha]-tocopherol than its wild fish counterpart; no differences could be observed between both kinds of fish for the phospholipid, sterol and free fatty acid contents. When compared to wild fish, a higher saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fat...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 12, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Victoria Álvarez, Isabel Medina, Ricardo Prego, Santiago P. Aubourg Source Type: journals

Synthesis and evaluation of micellar properties and antimicrobial activities of imidazole-based surfactantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The synthesis of two types of imidazole-based surfactants, [(ROCOCH2MIm)Br] and [(RNHCOCH2MIm)Br], of varying chain lengths (C10, C12 and C16), was conducted in the present work. The synthesis involves an initial reaction of bromoacetic acid with fatty alcohols or fatty amines, followed by quaternization with N-methyl imidazole. The micellar properties of all the synthesized compounds were determined using surface tensiometry and compared with [(RMIm)Br], a well-studied alkyl-substituted imidazole-based surfactant. Within the same homologous series, a decrease in critical micelle concentration (cmc) was observed with incre...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 12, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sanjit Kanjilal, Sadula Sunitha, Paidimarla S. Reddy, Koochana P. Kumar, Upadyayula S. N. Murty, Rachapudi B. N. Prasad Source Type: journals

Accelerated oxidation: Comparative study of a new reactor with oxidation stability instrumentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Accelerated oxidation tests, such as the determination of the induction period, increase the lipid oxidation rate by exposing a food to elevated temperatures, in the presence of excess quantities of air or oxygen. In addition to the well-founded oxidative stability index (OSI) method, an innovative and promising technique is the oxidation test (OXITEST) reactor. A new analytical method was developed with OXITEST to oxidize vegetable oils. At a preliminary stage of the investigation, the induction periods of sunflower and extra-virgin olive oil obtained by the OXITEST reactor were plotted against temperature, on the basis o...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 12, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Patrizia Comandini, Vito Verardo, Paola Maiocchi, Maria Fiorenza Caboni Source Type: journals

Effect of biodiesel blends on North American heavy-duty diesel engine emissionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We conducted an assessment of North American heavy-duty engine emission test results for biodiesel from 49 experimental studies, including both engine dynamometer and vehicle test results. Comparison with a commercial database showed that the engines in the emissions database are not representative of the existing North American in-use fleet as of 2007; more than 50% of the tested engines were of 1995 or earlier vintage. Nevertheless, the results show that the use of a common biodiesel blend (B20) consistently reduces emissions of particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide by 10-20%. Tests with B20 show varying ...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Janet Yanowitz, Robert L. McCormick Source Type: journals

Extraction, transesterification and process control in biodiesel production from Jatropha curcasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biodiesel has gained worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source due to its renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable and non-flammable properties. It also has low emission profiles and is environmentally beneficial. Biodiesel can be used either in pure form or blended with conventional petrodiesel in automobiles without any major engine modifications. Various non-edible and edible oils can be used for the preparation of biodiesel. With no competition with food uses, the use of non-edible oils as alternative source for engine fuel will be important. Among the non-edible oils, such as Pongamia, Argemone and Castor, Jatro...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Novizar Nazir, Nazaruddin Ramli, Djumali Mangunwidjaja, Erliza Hambali, Dwi Setyaningsih, Sri Yuliani, Mohd. Ambar Yarmo, Jumat Salimon Source Type: journals

Lipid biotechnology: Industrially relevant production processesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The biotechnological transformation of vegetable oils and animal fats has been successfully developed up to an industrial scale in recent years. However, biotechnology is still a niche technology in the oleochemical industry, which classically relies on chemical transformation processes. Nevertheless, the impact of biotechnology is rising, with an increasing number of biotech-based products, especially in the area of lipid-derived specialties, entering the market. In this review we give a summary of the industrially relevant processes in the field of lipid biotechnology. (Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology)
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ulrich Schörken, Peter Kempers Source Type: journals

Gas chromatographic behavior of fatty acid derivatives for mass spectrometry on low-polarity capillary columnsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The gas chromatographic properties of four derivatives of fatty acids (FA), namely fatty acid methyl esters, picolinyl esters, N-acyl pyrrolidides and 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives, which contain various structural features (double bonds, branching, hydroxyl group) in their acyl chains have been compared on a low-polarity capillary column with a mass spectrometer as detector. Temperature programming rates yielding the highest resolution were optimized for each derivative by means of computer-assisted column temperature optimization software. Indeed, the Drylab software represents a valuable assistance for estimating th...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Nolwenn Dubois, Gilles Barnathan, Jean-Paul Gouygou, Jean-Pascal Bergé Source Type: journals

Consecutive reactions in an oleic acid and acetic anhydride reaction mediumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When mixing acetic anhydride and oleic acid, two consecutive reactions take place. The first one yields acetic-oleic anhydride (AOA) and acetic acid. In the second one, oleic acid reacts with AOA to form oleic anhydride at 5% in a mixture when the initial molar ratio is 1:1. Therefore, at equilibrium, the global reaction yields a mixture of AOA, acetic anhydride, oleic acid, acetic acid and oleic anhydride. Based on a new HPLC protocol, all the species of the reaction medium could be separated and quantified. This permitted for the first time to study the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction. In the 30-70 °C range,...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Jerome Peydecastaing, Carlos Vaca-Garcia, Elisabeth Borredon Source Type: journals

Chemical composition of Pinus sibirica nut oilsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The chemical composition of oil obtained from Pinus sibirica was investigated. The nonpolar lipids were the predominant lipid fraction while the triacylglycerols were the major component of this fraction. [alpha]- and [gamma]-tocopherols were the dominant tocopherols in pine oils. Eleven fatty acids (FA) were identified in pine nut oil. The unsaturated FA comprised over 90% of the total FA. Of these, polyunsaturated FA accounted for 66% of the total FA. 18:2 and 18:3 acids were the dominant unsaturated FA, while palmitic and stearic acids were the major saturated FA. Three unusual FA, namely 10,13-octadecadienoic, gorlic a...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ryszard Zadernowski, Marian Naczk, Sylwester Czaplicki Source Type: journals

Variations of iridoid oleuropein in Italian olive varieties during growth and maturationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This research paper reports on the concentrations of oleuropein in fruits of seven Italian olive cultivars. These oleuropein levels, during fruit growth and maturation, were monitored by taking olive samples from the same olive trees grown in Middle Italy. A novel high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) oleuropein quantification method and a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were developed. The olive fruits showed high contents of oleuropein, which were greatly influenced by the olive cultivar (genetic store) factor. The stage of fruit growth and maturation was another factor strongly affecting the...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Alfonso Ranalli, Donato Marchegiani, Stefania Contento, Fabio Girardi, Maria Paola Nicolosi, Marco Desiderio Brullo Source Type: journals

Extraction, purification and characterization of wax from flax (Linum usitatissimum) strawEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The chemical composition and selected physical parameters of wax extracted from flax straw with supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and hexane have been determined. From the GC/MS results, clear variations in composition and component distributions were observed between SC-CO2- and hexane-extracted samples. The major components of the SC-CO2 and hexane extracts from three flax cultivars were: fatty acids (36-49%), fatty alcohols (20-26%), aldehydes (10-14%), wax esters (5-12%), sterols (7-9%) and alkanes (4-5%). Purification of SC-CO2-extracted wax with silica gel chromatography yielded 0.4-0.5% (dry matter) and was composed primar...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Yasantha Athukorala, Giuseppe Mazza, B. Dave Oomah Source Type: journals

Preparation of W1/O/W2 emulsions and droplet size distribution measurements by pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) techniqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Multiple emulsions of W1/O/W2 type are of major interest in life sciences, offering possibilities for the encapsulation of water-soluble active agents. In food science, they are also applied for fat reduction. The droplet size distributions of the inner and outer emulsions are of main importance as they influence the rheological and sensorial properties, the release kinetics, as well as the structural and microbial stability. However, the determination of the inner and outer droplet size distributions is a major challenge, as conventional measurement techniques cannot be applied. Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic reso...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Frederik Wolf, Lena Hecht, Heike P. Schuchmann, Edme H. Hardy, Gisela Guthausen Source Type: journals

Oxidation products of free polyunsaturated fatty acids in wheat varietiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxygenated fatty acids (oxylipins) are secondary metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Here, we present a novel high-performance liquid chromatograpic separation on a reversed-phase column (RP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for the determination of various (per)oxidation products of linoleic (cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic) acid in eight different varieties (four spring and four winter varieties) of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The procedure includes extraction of oxylipins, chromatograpic separation using a linear gradient of aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile, w...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Tuuli Levandi, Tõnu Püssa, Merike Vaher, Peeter Toomik, Mihkel Kaljurand Source Type: journals

Use of BPX-70 60-m GC columns for screening the fatty acid composition of industrial cookiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated a middle-length highly polar column, the BPX-70 60-m column, to balance analysis efficiency and duration. The use of a 60-m column led to the loss of data on minor FA but a gain in analysis time. The column was evaluated by analysing the FA composition of ten cookies made with different kinds of fats, including milk fat, and pure and/or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The FA elution order in this GC phase has been poorly documented in the literature compared to equivalent highly polar CPSil-88 and SP-2460 GC phases. Co-elutions and overlaps on the BPX-70 column were studied and commented upon. O...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Nathalie Vingering, Martial Ledoux Source Type: journals

Preparation of diacylglycerol-enriched palm olein by phospholipase A1-catalyzed partial hydrolysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Partial hydrolysis of palm olein catalyzed by phospholipase A1 (Lecitase Ultra) in a solvent-free system was carried out to produce diacylglycerol (DAG)-enriched palm olein (DEPO). Four reaction parameters, namely, reaction time (2-10 h), water content (20-60 wt-% of the oil mass), enzyme load (10-50 U/g of the oil mass), and reaction temperature (30-60 °C), were investigated. The optimal conditions for partial hydrolysis of palm olein catalyzed by Lecitase Ultra were obtained by an orthogonal experiment as follows: 45 °C reaction temperature, 44 wt-% water content, 8 h reaction time, and an enzyme load of 34 U/g. The up...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - July 6, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Yong Wang, Mouming Zhao, Shiyi Ou, Keke Song, Xue Han Source Type: journals

A novel mutation of the LDL receptor gene leading to familial hypercholesterolemiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In China, about 1 million people are expected to suffer from familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), with a similar prevalence of FH to that in Caucasian populations. The mutations underlying FH in China are largely unknown because only a few studies have been conducted. In the present study, DNA sequencing analysis was used to scan the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and ApoB100 genes in a Chinese family with clinically diagnosed FH. The results showed that the proband had abnormal patterns at nucleotide 517 of exon 4 due to a C/T heterozygosity, and at 1757 of exon 12 due to an A/C heterozygosity in the LDLR gene. Tw...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - June 10, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Pengyu Su, Luya Wang, Jie Lin, Shu Liu, Junhui Xia, Yingjie Xu, Qiang Yong, Ya Yang, Xiaodong Pan, Lanping Du, Yanwen Qin, Zhaosu Wu Source Type: journals

Substitution of trans fatty acids in foods on the Danish marketEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Three surveys of the content of trans fatty acids (TFA) in foods on the Danish market were carried out before and after the Danish regulation was introduced in January 2004 restricting the use of industrially produced (IP)-TFA to a maximum of 2 g per 100 g fat in any food product. For this purpose, food samples were collected in 2002-3, 2004-5, and 2006-7. Of these, 60 paired samples (defined as samples included in two of the three investigations and with higher levels of IP-TFA in the first determination than in the second) were identified. Comparisons of the fatty acid profiles showed that, in 68% of the products (e.g. s...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - May 16, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Anette Bysted, Aase Ærendahl Mikkelsen, Torben Leth Source Type: journals

Diet-dependent occurrence of CLA isomers in rumen and duodenal digesta of slaughtered bullsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effects of linolenic acid-rich vs. linoleic acid-rich feeding system on the occurrence of individual CLA isomers in the rumen and duodenum digesta of German Holstein and German Simmental bulls using Ag+-HPLC/DAD. The diet affected the biosynthesis of individual CLA isomers in the rumen of the bulls of both breeds. The isomer t-11,c-13 CLA was detected as the most abundant isomer in the rumen of linolenic acid-rich diet-fed bulls, up to six times higher compared to linoleic acid-rich diet-fed bulls. However, the main isomer in muscle lipid, c-9,t-11 CLA, was produced to a low extent in the rumen of l...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - May 13, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Dirk Dannenberger, Karin Nuernberg, Gerd Nuernberg Source Type: journals

Analysis of insect triacylglycerols using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An HPLC non-aqueous reversed-phase separation system was adapted for analyzing insect triacylglycerols (TAG). The method uses two conventional Nova-Pak C18 columns connected in series, for a total length of 45 cm. The mobile phase gradient is mixed from acetonitrile and 2-propanol, and the flow rate is programmed from 1.0 to 0.7 mL/min. TAG are detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. The method ensures efficient separation of isomers and analysis of high-molecular-weight TAG with equivalent chain lengths up to 72. The method performance is demonstrated on analysis of TAG isolated from the fa...
Source: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology - May 11, 2009 Category: Lipidology Authors: Edita Kofro[ncaron]ová, Josef Cva[ccaron]ka, Pavel Jiro[scaron], David Sýkora, Irena Valterová Source Type: journals