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Avoiding the effect of item wording by means of bipolar instead of unipolar items: An application to social optimismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Scales including positively and negatively worded items usually show an impaired degree of homogeneity. The transformation of unipolar positively and negatively worded items into bipolar items can avoid this disadvantageous effect. The precondition for this transformation is that each pair of items refers to the same topic. It is this topic that serves as the heading of the bipolar item. This scale construction method is demonstrated in the items of the social optimism scale (Schweizer & Schneider, 1997) that comprises unipolar items. The investigation of both the original and the transformed scales in a sample of 808 part...
Source: European Journal of Personality - November 19, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karl Schweizer, Michael Schreiner Source Type: journals

Depressive symptoms and unmitigated communion in support providersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this research, we argue and demonstrate that the association between enacted (un)supportive behaviour and depressive symptoms is a function of the providers' levels of unmitigated communion (UC). UC is characterized by overinvolvement in others' problems, self-neglect and externalized self-evaluation. These characteristics appear to predispose individuals high in UC to experience depressive symptoms. As anticipated, we show that enacted supportive behaviour was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (Study 1 and 2), and enacted unsupportive behaviour was positively associated with depressive symptoms (Study 2), ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - November 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lihua Jin, Nico W. Van Yperen, Robbert Sanderman, Mariët Hagedoorn Source Type: journals

Tell me who you are, and I will tell you how you feel?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Surprisingly little is known about the suggested mediator role of emotional intelligence and mood-regulation regarding the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Three independent samples were administered to investigate whether EI and mood-regulation served as mediators for subjective well-being beyond personality. Using structural equation modelling, the authors demonstrated the superior role of extraversion and neuroticism in explaining satisfaction with life, happiness, positive and negative affect. Consistent mediation effects were found for the trait meta-mood of repair. Contrary to expectations,...
Source: European Journal of Personality - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nicole Kämpfe, Kristin Mitte Source Type: journals

A new measure for dispositional optimism and pessimism in young childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe here a new test for dispositional optimism and pessimism in young children, the Parent-rated Life Orientation Test of children (the PLOT) and assess its psychometric properties. Two hundred and twenty one mother-father pairs rated their children's (mean age = 8.1, SD = 0.3 years) dispositional optimism and pessimism using a new scale, the PLOT, including four optimism and four pessimism items. We associated the PLOT with parent-rated self-esteem (Behavioral Rating Scale of Presented Self-Esteem in Young Children), social competence (Social Competence and Behaviour Evaluation Scale, the SCBE-30), psychiatric sym...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sakari Lemola, Katri Räikkönen, Karen A. Matthews, Michael F. Scheier, Kati Heinonen, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, Niina Komsi, Jari Lahti Source Type: journals

The contribution of agreeableness and self-efficacy beliefs to prosocialityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examined how agreeableness and self-efficacy beliefs about responding empathically to others' needs predict individuals' prosociality across time. Participants were 377 adolescents (66% males) aged 16 at Time 1 and 18 at Time 2 who took part at this study. Measures of agreeableness, empathic self-efficacy and prosociality were collected at two time points. The findings corroborated the posited paths of relations to assigning agreeableness a major role in predicting the level of individuals' prosociality. Empathic self-efficacy beliefs partially mediated the relation of agreeableness to prosociality. The p...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gian Vittorio Caprara, Guido Alessandri, Laura Di Giunta, Laura Panerai, Nancy Eisenberg Source Type: journals

Trait BIS predicts alpha asymmetry and P300 in a Go/No-Go taskEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inspired by the revised Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) theory the present study probed the association between individual differences in Trait BIS and electroencephalogram indicators of conflict processing/inhibition. Sixty-nine male participants either high or low in Trait BIS completed a Go/No-Go task while the electroencephalogram was recorded. As expected, Trait BIS was associated with the No-Go-anteriorisation of the P300 event-related potential (i.e. an index of response inhibition presumably generated in the dorsal anterior cingulate - an area implicated in conflict processing) and with No- Go-related changes t...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jan Wacker, Mira-Lynn Chavanon, Anja Leue, Gerhard Stemmler Source Type: journals

More than the Big Five: Egoism and the HEXACO model of personalityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Egoism is a personality trait that is associated with self-enriching and self-centred behaviours. Research has suggested that egoism lies beyond the Big Five personality factors. Recently, the HEXACO model of personality has been proposed as an alternative to the Big Five model. In three studies, the relation between the HEXACO Personality Inventory and egoism, conceptualized using three different questionnaires (DPQ Egoism, SPI Egotism and the Egoism Scale), is investigated. In all three studies, the HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor scale was the most important predictor of egoism. Additionally, in two studies in which FFM ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Reinout E. de Vries, Anita de Vries, Annebel de Hoogh, Jan Feij Source Type: journals

The effect of state extraversion on four types of affectEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of state extraversion on different types of affect. Ninety six participants were instructed to be extraverted or introverted in a 10-minute dyadic discussion. State extraversion had a strong effect on positive affect and smaller (but still strong) effects on pleasant and activated affect, with these latter two effects almost equal in magnitude. This pattern of findings appears to increase confidence that the effect of state extraversion is genuine rather than the result of construct overlap, in that extraversion's effect on positive affect is not dominated by it...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: J. Murray McNiel, Joseph C. Lowman, William Fleeson Source Type: journals

The relationship between 'workaholism', basic needs satisfaction at work and personalityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to examine correlates of 'workaholism' components (Work Involvement, Drive, Enjoyment of Work). A cross-occupational sample of 661 Norwegian employees in six different organizations completed a web-based survey measuring 'workaholism', basic needs satisfaction at work and personality. Needs satisfaction at work was positively related to Enjoyment of Work, and negatively to Drive. Conscientiousness was positively related to all 'workaholism' components; Extraversion and Openness to Work Involvement and Enjoyment of Work; and Neuroticism to Drive. Negative relations were found between Neuroticism an...
Source: European Journal of Personality - August 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cecilie Schou Andreassen, Jørn Hetland, Ståle Pallesen Source Type: journals

Personality traits and health-risk behaviours in university studentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Relations between personality and health-risk behaviours in university undergraduates were examined using multiple measures of personality across multiple samples (N = 1151). Big Five personality variables, at both factor and facet levels, were used to predict three specific health-risk behaviours: (a) tobacco consumption, (b) alcohol consumption and (c) speeding in an automobile. Our findings showed that low Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness were uniformly associated with this cluster of potentially health damaging behaviours. Extraversion was additionally associated with alcohol use. Interaction effects were found ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - August 5, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ryan Y. Hong, Sampo V. Paunonen Source Type: journals

Conscientiousness and achievement motivation predict performanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A prospective survey was conducted to identify predictors of university students' grade point average (GPA) using separate samples of female (N = 472) and male (N = 142) students over 9 months. Big five personality traits and achievement motivation were measured. Correlations show that conscientiousness (C) and achievement motivation explained variation in GPA. Latent variable structural equation modelling showed that the effect of C on GPA is fully mediated by achievement motivation for both female and male students. Invariant factor and structural mediation models across the female and male groups are also reported. Fina...
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michelle Richardson, Charles Abraham Source Type: journals

Inter- and intrapersonal processes underlying authoritarianism: The role of social conformity and personal need for structureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several personality constructs have been theorised to underlie right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). In samples from New Zealand and Germany (Ns = 218, 259), we tested whether these constructs can account for specific variance in RWA. In both samples, social conformity and personal need for structure were independent predictors of RWA. In Sample 2, where also openness to experience was measured, social conformity and personal need for structure fully mediated the impact of the higher-order factor of openness on RWA. Our results contribute to the integration of current approaches to the personality basis of authoritarianism an...
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Philipp Jugert, J. Christopher Cohrs, John Duckitt Source Type: journals

The listener's temperament and perceived tempo and loudness of musicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationship between the listener's temperament and perceived magnitude of tempo and loudness of music was studied using the techniques of magnitude production, magnitude estimation scaling and cross-modal matching. Four piano pieces were presented at several levels of tempo and loudness. In Study 1, participants adjusted tempo and loudness of music to their subjective level of comfort. In Study 2, participants estimated these parameters on a numerical scale and matched the length of a line segment to the estimates of these musical features. The results showed significant correlations of selected aspects of perceived t...
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joanna Kantor-Martynuska Source Type: journals

Linking personality states, current social roles and major life goalsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Employing an experience-sampling design, the interplay between personality states, social roles and major life goals was examined as it unfolds in the stream of people's daily lives. Multilevel analyses revealed a considerable amount of both within- and between-person variability in state expressions of personality traits justifying further examination of predictors at both levels of analyses. Roles proved as predictors of current personality states albeit effects differed significantly between individuals. Life goals accounted for between-person differences in average personality states but were not effective in predictin...
Source: European Journal of Personality - June 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wiebke Bleidorn Source Type: journals

The relationship of GMA to counterproductive work behavior revisitedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent research reported that general mental ability (GMA) predicted counterproductive work behavior (CWB), whereas some previous studies failed to find such a relationship. We tested occupational homogeneity of the sample and criterion measurement as two potential explanations for these inconsistencies. Study 1 replicated major design features of one previous study, which found no GMA-CWB relation in a heterogeneous sample, with occupationally homogeneous groups. Results confirmed previous null findings, indicating no effect of sample homogeneity. In Study 2, using a controlled laboratory setting, GMA was again unrelated ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - June 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bernd Marcus, Uwe Wagner, Amanda Poole, Deborah M. Powell, Julie Carswell Source Type: journals

Heart rate variability predicts self-control in goal pursuitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of a failure experience on the exercise of self-control in goal pursuit. We hypothesized that tonic heart rate variability (tonic HRV), a possible physiological marker of inhibitory capacity, increases the exercise of self-control in the pre- and post-actional phase in goal pursuit after failure. Participants received feedback for an alleged intelligence test and subsequently worked on the same test again. As indicators of exercised self-control, we assessed self-confidence in the pre-actional phase and rumination in the post-actional phase. As hypothesized, tonic HRV was...
Source: European Journal of Personality - June 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Fay C. M. Geisler, Thomas Kubiak Source Type: journals

A meta-analysis of psychopathy-, antisocial PD- and FFM associationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This research meta-analytically summarizes the relationships of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) with psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD). Effect sizes of the associations between psychopathy, APD and the FFM were compiled from 26 independent samples (N = 6913) for psychopathy and 57 independent samples (N = 16 424) for APD. The results revealed predominantly points of similarity and some differences in the FFM associations of both disorders. Symptoms of psychopathy and APD were negatively associated with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness facets and positively with scores on Angry-Hostility (N2), Impulsivene...
Source: European Journal of Personality - June 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mieke Decuyper, Sarah De Pauw, Filip De Fruyt, Marleen De Bolle, Barbara J. De Clercq Source Type: journals

Personality traits of Russians from the observer's perspectiveEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Data were collected by the members of the Russian character and personality survey from 39 samples in 33 administrative areas of the Russian Federation. Respondents (N = 7065) identified an ethnically Russian adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the target using the Russian observer rating version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, which measures neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Factor analyses within samples showed that the factor structure of an international sample combining data from 50 different cultures was well replicated in al...
Source: European Journal of Personality - May 19, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jüri Allik, Anu Realo, René Mõttus, Helle Pullmann, Anastasia Trifonova, Robert R. McCrae, and 56 Members of the Russian Character and Personality Survey Source Type: journals

Personality, threat identification and emotional processingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Individual differences in threat identification moderate the associations of personality with emotional experience and behaviour. The present two studies examined whether adeptness at threat identification also moderates the associations between personality and emotional processing. Participants completed personality scales, different emotional processing measures and a threat versus non-threat categorization task. Adeptness at threat identification moderated the relations between agreeableness and negative interpretation of ambiguous stimuli, negative reactivity and positive likelihood judgments, and the relation between ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - April 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sointu Leikas, Marjaana Lindeman Source Type: journals

The road to the unconscious self not taken: Discrepancies between self- and observer-inferences about implicit dispositions from nonverbal behavioural cuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To what extent can individuals gain insight into their own or another person's implicit dispositions' We investigated whether self-perceivers versus neutral observers can detect implicit dispositions from nonverbal behavioural cues contained in video feedback (cue validity) and whether these cues are in turn used as a valid basis for explicit dispositional inferences (cue utilization). Across three studies in the domains of extraversion and anxiety we consistently obtained reliable cue validity and cue utilization for neutral observers but not for self-perceivers. An additional measure of state inferences in Study 3 showed...
Source: European Journal of Personality - April 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wilhelm Hofmann, Tobias Gschwendner, Manfred Schmitt Source Type: journals

Neuroticism and responses to social comparison among cancer patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examined how the effects of three audiotapes containing different types of social comparison information on the mood of cancer patients depended on the level of neuroticism. On the procedural tape, a man and woman discussed the process of radiation therapy, on the emotion tape, they focussed on emotional reactions to their illness and treatment, while on the coping tape they focussed on the way they had been coping. A validation study among 115 students showed that the tapes were perceived as they were intended. The main study was conducted among 226 patients who were about to undergo radiation therapy. C...
Source: European Journal of Personality - April 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Abraham P. Buunk, Thecla M. Brakel, Femke T.C. Bennenbroek, Heidi E. Stiegelis, Robbert Sanderman, Alfons C. M. Van den Bergh, Mariët Hagedoorn Source Type: journals

Cognitive ability × emotional stability interactions on adjustmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cognitive ability has been shown to moderate the relations between emotional stability and self-reports of well being. The present study examined whether this interaction effect generalizes to non-self-report measures of well being. Male conscripts (N = 152) completed an emotional stability scale and a cognitive ability test. Several indicators of their general adjustment and competence were derived from self- and superior-ratings, a psychiatric interview and from military archives. Cognitive ability moderated the association of emotional stability with both self-report and non-self-report indicators of adjustment and comp...
Source: European Journal of Personality - March 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sointu Leikas, Seppo Mäkinen, Jan-Erik Lönnqvist, Markku Verkasalo Source Type: journals

Examining dispositional and situational effects on outgroup attitudesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two research lines have dominated the quest for the antecedents of outgroup attitudes. Whereas the first has viewed outgroup attitudes as a result of individual differences, the second stressed the importance of the intergroup situation. In order to investigate the interplay of individual differences and situational characteristics, key predictors of the individual differences perspective (i.e. right-wing authoritarianism or RWA, and social dominance orientation or SDO) and the intergroup relations perspective (i.e. ingroup identification and ingroup threat) were simultaneously tested. Two studies revealed additive but no ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - March 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joke Meeus, Bart Duriez, Norbert Vanbeselaere, Karen Phalet, Peter Kuppens Source Type: journals

What coping tells about personalityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, 123 participants (non-psychology students) who responded to an interpersonal stress situation staged in the laboratory were judged by unacquainted observers in terms of the Big Five dimensions, intelligence and social attractiveness. Coping behaviour appeared to predict personality impressions in a way that mirrors the relations between personality and coping observed in previous research: Overall, higher levels of Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C) and Openness to experience (O) (as well as intelligence and social attractiveness) were predicted by problem-focussed behaviour and cogni...
Source: European Journal of Personality - March 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Fay C. M. Geisler, Monika Wiedig-Allison, Hannelore Weber Source Type: journals

Avoidance motivation, risk perception and emotional processingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present studies examined the moderating role of state motivation on the associations between trait avoidance motivation, risk perception and emotional processing. In Studies 1 and 2, avoidance or approach states were evoked in participants who then completed a risk perception task and a trait avoidance motivation measure. Both studies showed that trait avoidance only correlated with risk perceptions among individuals in approach state. In Study 3, emotional interpretation was measured. State and trait avoidance motivation did not interact in predicting emotional interpretation. The results showed that the effect of sta...
Source: European Journal of Personality - February 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sointu Leikas, Marjaana Lindeman, Katariina Roininen, Liisa Lähteenmäki Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of self-enhancement on agreement on personality profilesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Effects of self-enhancement and socially desirable responding (SDR) on rater agreement for personality profiles were studied in 304 students. Dyads of participants described themselves and their peer on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) that measures 30 facets of personality. In addition, participants filled in six scales measuring self-enhancement or SDR. Data analyses focussed on moderator and suppressor effects of SDR on the similarity between self-reported and other reported NEO-PI-R profiles. Three kinds of profile agreement were distinguished: (a) normative agreement; (b) distinctive agreement and (c) ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - February 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Peter Borkenau, Katrin Zaltauskas Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Personality and career success: Concurrent and longitudinal relationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present research addresses the dynamic transaction between extrinsic (occupational prestige, income) and intrinsic (job satisfaction) career success and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Participants (N = 731) completed a comprehensive measure of personality and reported their job title, annual income and job satisfaction; a subset of these participants (n = 302) provided the same information approximately 10 years later. Measured concurrently, emotionally stable and conscientious participants reported higher incomes and job satisfaction. Longitudinal analyses revealed that, among younger participants, higher...
Source: European Journal of Personality - February 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Angelina R. Sutin, Paul T. Costa Jr., Richard Miech, William W. Eaton Source Type: journals

EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No Abstract. (Source: European Journal of Personality)
Source: European Journal of Personality - January 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marco Perugini Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Assessing personality at risk in personnel selection and developmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper demonstrates the validity and usefulness of a count technique to screen for potential personality dysfunctioning in NEO-PI-R ratings obtained in selection and professional development assessments. The usefulness of this screening technique for Industrial, Work and Organizational (IWO) psychologists is demonstrated in five different samples that were administered the NEO-PI-R for selection or development purposes. Three additional samples served as normative data to compute FFM PD count cut-offs that can be used for selection and career development decisions. Evidence for the construct validity of 6 out of 10 FFM...
Source: European Journal of Personality - January 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Filip De Fruyt, Barbara J. De Clercq, Joshua Miller, Jean-Pierre Rolland, Sung-Cheol Jung, Ruben Taris, Adrian Furnham, Alain Van Hiel Source Type: journals

Authoritarianism is good for you: Right-wing authoritarianism as a buffering factor for mental distressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although common knowledge seems to agree that authoritarianism is 'bad to the self', previous studies yielded inconclusive results with respect to the relationship between authoritarianism and mental distress. The present research explores whether the impact of facilitators of mental distress on actual mental distress depends on the level of authoritarianism. Study 1 includes a sample of 132 adults and demonstrated less negative consequences of D-type personality on depression for individuals with high rather than low levels of authoritarianism. Study 2 conducted in a sample of 109 elderly revealed that the effects of nega...
Source: European Journal of Personality - January 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alain Van Hiel, Barbara De Clercq Source Type: journals

Self-esteem and Suicide Rates in 55 NationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using recent data from the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP), we examined whether national differences in self-esteem across 55 nations are reflected in suicide rates. Results indicate that suicide is especially common in nations with relatively low levels of self-esteem. This relation is consistent across sex lines, age of suicide and independent from several other relevant factors such as economic affluence, transition, individualism, subjective well-being, and neuroticism. These findings provide support for the predictive validity of self-esteem scores as assessed in the ISDP survey. They also contribut...
Source: European Journal of Personality - November 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Armand Chatard, Leila Selimbegovi[cacute], Paul N'Dri Konan Source Type: journals

The dark triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy in menEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This survey (N = 224) found that characteristics collectively known as the Dark Triad (i.e. narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism) were correlated with various dimensions of short-term mating but not long-term mating. The link between the Dark Triad and short-term mating was stronger for men than for women. The Dark Triad partially mediated the sex difference in short-term mating behaviour. Findings are consistent with a view that the Dark Triad facilitates an exploitative, short-term mating strategy in men. Possible implications, including that Dark Triad traits represent a bundle of individual differences that pro...
Source: European Journal of Personality - November 20, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Peter K. Jonason, Norman P. Li, Gregory D. Webster, David P. Schmitt Source Type: journals

Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self-esteemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the developmental trajectory of trait hope and self-esteem over 4 years and the impact of gender and perceived parental styles on these trajectories. Participants were 884 high school students. There was a general decline in hope and self-esteem over time, with females declining more rapidly than males. Girls had higher hope than boys in Grade 7, but lower hope by Grade 10. Perceived parental authoritativeness at Time 1 was related to high hope across the 4 years, whilst perceived parental authoritarianism was related to low self-esteem. We discuss the importance of perceived parental styles for adolescent well...
Source: European Journal of Personality - November 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patrick Heaven, Joseph Ciarrochi Source Type: journals

Understanding and using the implicit association test: V. measuring semantic aspects of trait self-conceptsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Implicit Association Tests (IATs) often reveal strong associations of self with positive rather than negative attributes. This poses a problem in using the IAT to measure associations involving traits with either positive or negative evaluative content. In two studies, we employed non-bipolar but evaluatively balanced Big Five traits as attribute contrasts and explored correlations of IATs with positive (e.g. sociable vs. conscientious) or negative (e.g. reserved vs. chaotic) attributes. Results showed (a) satisfactory internal consistencies for all IATs, (b) explicit-explicit and implicit-implicit correlations that were m...
Source: European Journal of Personality - November 5, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Konrad Schnabel, Jens B. Asendorpf, Anthony G. Greenwald Source Type: journals

Contextual cues as a source of response bias in personality questionnaires: The case of the NEO-FFIEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two experiments demonstrated the susceptibility of a standard personality inventory to response bias elicited by contextual cues. In Study 1, participants who completed the NEO-FFI in a simulated application for a job stereotypically associated with extraversion (a journalist) scored higher on the extraversion scale than those who completed it under standard instructions. The increase occurred in response to the job label 'journalist' and in response to a job description stressing extraversion-related qualities. In Study 2, a priming procedure was used to elicit cognitive response distortions. Participants exposed to an ex...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 17, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Barbara Krahé, Jana Becker, Jana Zöllter Source Type: journals

Locus of control and the flow experience: An experimental analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present research addresses the notion that the compatibility of skills and task demands involved in a given activity elicits a flow experience that renders the respective activity rewarding. The study employed an experimental paradigm to document the causal impact of skills-demands compatibility on the emergence of flow and revealed that participants characterized by a strong internal locus of control (LOC) were most sensitive to the manipulation of skills-demands compatibility and experienced flow under conditions of a fit of skills and task demands, whereas individuals with a weak internal LOC did not enter the state...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johannes Keller, Frederik Blomann Source Type: journals

A study of personality in children aged 8-12 years: Comparing self- and parents' ratingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate personality in children aged 8-12 years. Children's self-perceptions were compared to parent's ratings. Parents of 506 children completed the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) and children completed a selection of 38 questions from the HiPIC. Results showed that children aged 11-12 years present higher structural congruence, higher reliabilities and higher mean correlation with parents' description than children aged 8-9 years. Interestingly reliabilities of parents' ratings were also higher for older children. Mean levels were higher in younger c...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vincent Quartier, Jérôme Rossier Source Type: journals

A stronger latent-variable methodology to actual-ideal discrepancyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We introduce a latent actual-ideal discrepancy (LAID) approach based on structural equation models (SEMs) with multiple indicators and empirically weighted variables. In Study 1, we demonstrate with simulated data, the superiority of a weighted approach to discrepancy in comparison to a classic unweighted one. In Study 2, we evaluate the effects of actual and ideal appearance on physical self-concept and self-esteem. Actual appearance contributes positively to physical self-concept and self-esteem, whereas ideal appearance contributes negatively. In support of multidimensional perspective, actual- and ideal-appearance effe...
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: L. Francesca Scalas, Herbert W. Marsh Source Type: journals

Personal values and relational modelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the comprehensive value research by Schwartz (e.g. 1992) was linked to Fiske's relational models theory (RMT, e.g. Fiske, 1991). A sample of 297 people answered the personal values questionnaire (PVQ), the modes of relationship questionnaire (MORQ) and the relationship profile scale (RPS) in a web-based online survey. As hypothesized, the set of 10 values correlated in a systematic manner - according to the circular structure of personal value systems - with both trait-like construal of and motivational investment in the relational models communal sharing (CS), authority ranking (AR) and market pricing (MP)....
Source: European Journal of Personality - September 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pascal Biber, Jörg Hupfeld, Laurenz L. Meier Source Type: journals

Three methodological core issues of comparative personality researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Comparative personality research in human and nonhuman species advances many areas of empirical and theoretical research. The methodological foundations underlying these attempts to explain personality, however, remain an unpopular and often ignored topic. The target paper and this rejoinder explore three methodological core issues in the philosophy of science for comparative personality research: Conceptualising personality variation, identifying domains of variation and measuring variation. Clear distinctions among these issues may help to avoid misunderstandings among different disciplines concerned with personality. Co...
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 22, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jana Uher Source Type: journals

Discussion on 'Comparative personality research: Methodological approaches' by Jana UherEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CLAUDIO CARERE1 AND DARIO MAESTRIPIERI21Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy2Department of Comparative Human Development, The University of Chicago, IL, USAclaudio.carere@iss.itThe use of the behavioural repertoire approach in comparative personality research involves the compilation of an ethogram. However, what behaviours should be included in the ethogram and whether they should be grouped into categories is unclear. To ensure that the behaviours belong to the natural repertoire of the species, certain assumptions regarding their underlying mechanisms are necessary. The...
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 22, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: OPEN PEER COMMENTARY Source Type: journals

The conceptualisation, measurement and scope of reinforcement sensitivity in the context of a neuroscience of personalityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) is complex, and there are subtle differences between RST and other approach-avoidance process theories of personality. However, most such theories posit a common biobehavioural mechanism underlying personality which we must therefore strive to understand: differential sensitivity to reinforcing stimuli. Reinforcement sensitivity is widely assessed using questionnaires, but should we treat such measures as (a) a proxy for reinforcement sensitivity itself (i.e. the underlying causes of personality) or (b) trait constructs potentially manifesting out of reinforcement sensitivity (i.e. th...
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 22, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luke D. Smillie Source Type: journals

Discussion on 'What is reinforcement sensitivity? Neuroscience paradigms for approach-avoidance processes in personality' by Luke D. SmillieEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CÉSAR ÁVILA1 AND RAFAEL TORRUBIA21Department of Psychology, Universitat Jaume I, Spain2Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spainavila@psb.uji.esWe agree with Smillie (this issue) that the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) model needs to incorporate human neurobiological data. However, the introduction of new research paradigms should not hamper all previous research in the field. At least for the coming years, we defend the idea that (a) research carried out to date should be taken into account in any new reconceptualisation of RST; (b) neur...
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 22, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: OPEN PEER COMMENTARY Source Type: journals

EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No Abstract. (Source: European Journal of Personality)
Source: European Journal of Personality - July 22, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jens B. Asendorpf Source Type: journals

The intergenerational transmission of social dominance: A three-generation studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the transmission of social dominance orientation (SDO) from parents and grandparents to children. It was predicted that parents as well as grandparents would pass their social dominance attitudes to children. Children's levels of SDO would thus be the highest when parental and grandparental attitudes are high; the lowest when parental and grandparental attitudes are low; and intermediate when parental and grandparental attitudes are incongruent. These hypotheses were examined in a sample of 93 families including children (in early adulthood), one of their parents, and one of their grandparents. Results ...
Source: European Journal of Personality - June 5, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Armand Chatard, Leila Selimbegovic Source Type: journals

Neuroticism predicts reactions to cues of social inclusionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the current paper, we hypothesized that people who are high in neuroticism (N) share a motivational predisposition to react vigilantly to threatening cues, most of which tend to be social in humans. In three studies, support for this prediction was found: based on cross-sectional and diary data, it was found that the self-esteem (SE) of individuals high in N decreases more in response to perceptions of relationship conflict and low relationship quality than that of emotionally stable ones. In a study of people's reactions to imagined threats, neurotic individuals showed a heightened sensitivity to both nonsocial and soc...
Source: European Journal of Personality - May 8, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jaap J. A. Denissen, Lars Penke Source Type: journals

Living up to high standards and psychological distressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We argue and demonstrate that setting high standards, an essential aspect of perfectionism, is not associated with maladaptive responses in and of itself. Rather, our findings suggest that people's responses to their perceptions that they consistently fail to meet their own standards are maladaptive. More importantly, in the present survey study (n = 293), we extend previous research by showing that low personal standards and the perception that others are imposing high standards on the self operate in concert to strengthen the link between perceived discrepancy and psychological distress. Furthermore, in support of our mo...
Source: European Journal of Personality - April 10, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nico W. Van Yperen, Mariët Hagedoorn Source Type: journals

What is reinforcement sensitivity? Neuroscience paradigms for approach-avoidance process theories of personalityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reinforcement sensitivity is a concept proposed by Gray () to describe the biological antecedents of personality, and has become the common mechanism among a family of personality theories concerning approach and avoidance processes. These theories suggest that 2-3 biobehavioural systems mediate the effects of reward and punishment on emotion and motivation, and that individual differences in the functioning of these systems manifest as personality. Identifying paradigms for operationalising reinforcement sensitivity is therefore critical for testing and developing these theories, and evaluating their footprint in personal...
Source: European Journal of Personality - April 8, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luke D. Smillie Source Type: journals

Comparative personality research: methodological approachesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the broadest sense, personality refers to stable inter-individual variability in behavioural organisation within a particular population. Researching personality in human as well as nonhuman species provides unique possibilities for comparisons across species with different phylogenies, ecologies and social systems. It also allows insights into mechanisms and processes of the evolution of population differences within and between species. The enormous diversity across species entails particular challenges to methodology. This paper explores theoretical approaches and analytical methods of deriving dimensions of inter-in...
Source: European Journal of Personality - April 8, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jana Uher Source Type: journals

Lexical studies of Filipino person descriptors: adding personality-relevant social and physical attributesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lexical studies have focused on traits. In the Filipino language, we investigated whether additional dimensions can be identified when personality-relevant terms for social roles, statuses and effects, plus physical attributes, are included. Filipino students (N = 496) rated themselves on 268 such terms, plus 253 markers of trait and evaluative dimensions. We identified 10 dimensions of social and physical attributes - Prominence, Uselessness, Attractiveness, Respectability, Uniqueness, Destructiveness, Presentableness, Strength, Dangerousness and Charisma. Most of these dimensions did not correspond in a one-to-one manner...
Source: European Journal of Personality - February 23, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Shellah Myra Imperio, A. Timothy Church, Marcia S. Katigbak, Jose Alberto S. Reyes Source Type: journals