Experimental Cell ResearchThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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529 records returned

Bortezomib induces autophagic death in proliferating human endothelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report that endothelial cells (EC) exposed to Bortezomib undergo death to an extent that depends strictly on their activation state. Indeed, while quiescent EC are resistant to Bortezomib, the drug results maximally toxic in EC switched toward angiogenesis with FGF, and exerts a moderate effect on sub-confluent HUVEC. Moreover, EC activation state deeply influences the death pathway elicited by Bortezomib: after treatment, angiogenesis-triggered EC display typical features of apoptosis. Conversely, death of sub-confluent EC is preceded by ROS generation and signs typical of autophagy, including intense cytoplasmic vacuo...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Belloni D, Veschini L, Foglieni C, Dell'antonio G, Caligaris-Cappio F, Ferrarini M, Ferrero E Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Amphiregulin mediates self-renewal in an immortal mammary epithelial cell line with stem cell characteristics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Amphiregulin (AREG), a ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor, is required for mammary gland ductal morphogenesis and mediates estrogen actions in vivo, emerging as an essential growth factor during mammary gland growth and differentiation. The COMMA-D beta-geo (CDbetageo) mouse mammary cell line displays characteristics of normal mammary progenitor cells including the capacities to regenerate a mammary gland when transplanted into the cleared fat pad of a juvenile mouse, nuclear label retention, and the capacity to form anchorage-independent mammospheres. We demonstrate that AREG is essential for formation of flo...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Booth BW, Boulanger CA, Anderson LH, Jimenez-Rojo L, Brisken C, Smith GH Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Isolation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies specific to MMP-1A, MMP-2 and MMP-3.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of more than 20 zinc-containing endopeptidases, are up-regulated in many diseases, but the use of MMP inhibitors for therapeutic purposes has often been disappointing, possibly for the limited specificity of the drugs used in clinical trials. In principle, individual MMPs could be specifically drugged by monoclonal antibodies, either by inhibition of their catalytic activity or by antibody-based pharmacodelivery strategies. In this article we describe the isolation and affinity maturation of recombinant antibodies (SP1, SP2, SP3) specific to the murine catalytic domains of MMP-...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Pfaffen S, Hemmerle T, Weber M, Neri D Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Subunits of the chaperonin CCT interact with F-actin and influence cell shape and cytoskeletal assembly.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The integrity of the cytoskeleton is closely linked to the oligomeric chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) via the folding requirements of actin and tubulin, but the role of CCT in cytoskeletal organization remains unclear. We address this issue by analyzing the effects of targeting CCT subunits via siRNA and assessing their location/assembly state in cultured mammalian cells. Reducing levels of individual CCT subunits implicates CCTepsilon in influencing cell shape and reduced levels of this subunit limit the cells' ability to recover from microfilament depolymerization. Conversely, cells displayed enhanced microtubule r...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Brackley KI, Grantham J Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Histamine Acting on H1 Receptor Promotes Inhibition of Proliferation Via PLC, Rac, and JNK-Dependent Pathways.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is well established that histamine modulates cell proliferation through the activation of the histamine H1 receptor (H1R), a G-protein coupled-receptor (GPCR) that is known to couple to phospholipase C (PLC) activation via Gq. In the present study we aimed to determine whether H1R activation modulates Rho GTPases, well known effectors of Gq/11-coupled receptors, and whether such modulation influences cell proliferation. Experiments were carried out in CHO cells stably expressing H1R (CHO-H1R). By using pull-down assays we found that both histamine and a selective H1R agonist activated Rac and RhoA in a time- and dos...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Notcovich C, Diez F, Tubio MR, Baldi A, Kazanietz MG, Davio C, Shayo C Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Functional interaction between the ubiquitin-specific protease 25 and the SYK tyrosine kinase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study thus uncovers a new SYK substrate and reveals a novel SYK function, namely the regulation of USP25 cellular levels. PMID: 19909739 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Cell Research)
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cholay M, Reverdy C, Benarous R, Colland F, Daviet L Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Role of calpain-9 and PKC-delta in the apoptotic mechanism of lumen formation in CEACAM1 transfected breast epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CEACAM1-4S (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) is a type I membrane protein with a short (12 amino acid) cytoplasmic tail. Wild type CEACAM1-4S transfected MCF7 cells form glands with lumena when grown in 3D culture, while null mutations of two putative phosphorylation sites (T457A and S459A) in the cytoplasmic domain fail to undergo lumen formation. When gene chip analysis was performed on mRNA isolated from both wild type and T457A,S459A mutated CEACAM1-4S transfected MCF7 cells grown in 3D culture, calpain-9 (CAPN9) was identified out of over 400 genes with a >2 log 2 difference as a poten...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 9, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen CJ, Nguyen T, Shively JE Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Expression profiles of nestin in vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nestin is an intermediate filament protein expressed in neural and mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we investigated the expression of nestin in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vivo and in vitro. In the developing arteries, medial VSMCs were found to express nestin; its expression was prominent in embryos but was down-regulated after birth (3-6 weeks) in a region-dependent manner; its expression was abolished in the adult. Thus, the expression of nestin is specific to developing VSMCs. In primary VMSC cultures, nestin expression was induced by serum, but was independent of cell-cycle progression. Signaling analyses...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Oikawa H, Hayashi K, Maesawa C, Masuda T, Sobue K Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Activated Protein C Enhances Cell Motility of Endothelial Cells and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Intracellular Signal Transduction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigate the mechanism by which APC promotes angiogenesis and breast cancer invasion using ex vivo and in vitro methods. When proteolytically active, APC promotes cell motility/invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells. Ex vivo aortic ring assays verify the role of APC in promoting angiogenesis, which was determined to be dependent on EGFR and MMP activation. Given the capacity of APC to promote angiogenesis and the importance of this process in cancer pathology, we investigated whether the mechanisms by which APC promotes angiogenesis can also promote motility and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 brea...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Gramling MW, Beaulieu LM, Church FC Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

A Novel Signaling Pathway of Tissue Kallikrein in Promoting Keratinocyte Migration: Activation of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates a novel role of TK in skin wound healing and uncovers new signaling pathways mediated by TK in promoting keratinocyte migration through activation of the PAR(1)-PKC-Src-MMP pathway and HB-EGF/AR shedding-dependent EGFR transactivation. PMID: 19879874 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Cell Research)
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Gao L, Chao L, Chao J Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

hnRNP M interacts with PSF and p54(nrb) and co-localizes within defined nuclear structures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The abundant heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M), is able to associate with early spliceosomes and to influence splicing patterns of specific pre-mRNAs. Here, by a combination of immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays, we have identified PSF (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor) and p54(nrb), two highly related proteins involved in transcription and RNA processing, as new binding partners of hnRNP M. HnRNP M was found to co-localize with PSF within a subset of nuclear paraspeckles and to largely co-fractionate with PSF and p54(nrb) in biochemical nuclear matrix preparations...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Marko M, Leichter M, Patrinou-Georgoula M, Guialis A Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Osteoclast migration on phosphorylated osteopontin is regulated by endogenous tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates that adhesion of isolated neonatal rat osteoclasts in vitro was augmented on bovine milk osteopontin (bmOPN) with post-translational modifications (PTMs) compared to human E.coli-derived recombinant OPN (hrOPN) without PTMs. The difference in adhesiveness between these OPN variants was more pronounced at low coating concentrations (</= 10 mug/ml). Both OPN forms adhered exclusively using a beta3-integrin. Partial (</= 50 %) dephosphorylation by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in vitro reduced osteoclast attachment to bmOPN to the same level as to hrOPN, demonstrating the importance ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Cholesterol efflux stimulates metalloproteinase mediated cleavage of occludin and release of extracellular membrane particles containing its C-terminal fragments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
That changes in membrane lipid composition alter the barrier function of tight junctions illustrates the importance of the interactions between tetraspan integral tight junction proteins and lipids of the plasma membrane. Application of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin to both apical and basolateral surfaces of MDCK cell monolayers for 2 hours, results in an ~80% decrease in cell cholesterol, a fall in transepithelial electrical resistance and a 30% reduction in cell content of occludin, with a smaller reduction in levels of claudins -2, -3 and -7. There were negligible changes in levels of actin, and the two non-tight junctio...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 22, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Casas E, Barron C, Francis SA, McCormack JM, McCarthy KM, Schneeberger EE, Lynch RD Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Activated Rac1 requires gp130 for Stat3 activation, cell proliferation and migration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rac1 (Rac) is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases which controls cell migration by regulating the organisation of actin filaments. Previous results suggested that mutationally activated forms of the Rho GTPases can activate the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (Stat3), but the exact mechanism is a matter of controversy. We recently demonstrated that Stat3 activity of cultured cells increases dramatically following E-cadherin engagement. To better understand this pathway, we now compared Stat3 activity levels in mouse HC11 cells before and after expression of the mutationally activated Rac1 (Ra...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Arulanandam R, Geletu M, Feracci H, Raptis L Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Extracellular matrix components direct porcine muscle stem cell behaviour.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, Matrigel and laminin are the preferred coatings to sustain the proliferation and myogenic differentiation capacity of the primary porcine muscle stem cells, when cells are removed from their natural environment for in vitro culture. PMID: 19853598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Cell Research)
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Wilschut KJ, Haagsman HP, Roelen BA Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Exclusion of mRNPs and ribosomal particles from a thin zone beneath the nuclear envelope revealed upon inhibition of transport.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have studied the nucleocytoplasmic transport of a specific messenger RNP (mRNP) particle, named Balbiani ring (BR) granule, and ribosomal RNP (rRNP) particles in the salivary glands of the dipteran Chironomus tentans. The passage of the RNPs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) was inhibited with the nucleoporin-binding wheat germ agglutinin, and the effects were examined by electron microscopy. BR mRNPs bound to the nuclear basket increased in number, while BR mRNPs translocating through the central channel decreased, suggesting that the initiation of translocation proper had been inhibited. The rRNPs accumulated...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kylberg K, Björk P, Fomproi N, Ivarsson B, Wieslander L, Daneholt B Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Tumor endothelial marker 5 expression in endothelial cells during capillary morphogenesis is induced by the small GTPase Rac and mediates contact inhibition of cell proliferation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tumor endothelial marker (TEM) 5 is an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor upregulated in endothelial cells during tumor and physiologic angiogenesis. So far, the mechanisms leading to upregulation of TEM5 and its function during angiogenesis have not been identified. Here, we report that TEM5 expression in endothelial cells is induced during capillary-like network formation on Matrigel, during capillary morphogenesis in a three-dimensional collagen I matrix, and upon confluence on a two-dimensional matrix. TEM5 expression was not induced by a variety of soluble angiogenic factors, including VEGF and bFGF, in subconflu...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Vallon M, Rohde F, Janssen KP, Essler M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Synemin Interacts with the LIM Domain Protein Zyxin and Is Essential for Cell Adhesion and Migration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report herein that, by using the entire tail domain of the smaller beta-synemin as the bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human skeletal muscle cDNA library, the LIM domain protein zyxin was identified as an interaction partner for human synemin. The synemin binding site in human zyxin was subsequently mapped to the C-terminal three tandem LIM-domain repeats, whereas the binding site for zyxin within beta-synemin is within the C-terminal 332 amino acid region (SNbetaTII) at the end of the long tail domain. Transient expression of SNbetaTII within mammalian cells markedly reduced zyxin protein level, blocked localiza...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sun N, Huiatt TW, Paulin D, Li Z, Robson RM Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Zip6-attenuation promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ductal breast tumor (T47D) cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Breast cancer is associated with zinc (Zn) hyper-accumulation in breast tissue which is postulated to be potentiated by the over-expression of Zn importing proteins. Zip6 (LIV-1) over-expression has been documented in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors. Anti-estrogens, such as fulvestrant are typically prescribed for ER+breast cancer and thus may play a role in modulating cellular Zn hyper-accumulation. Herein, we investigated the physiological relevance of Zip6 over-expression and the consequences of Zip6-attenuation in breast tumor cells as a mechanism in the development of anti-estrogen resistance. We do...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lopez V, Kelleher SL Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Osteopontin Induces beta-Catenin Signaling Through Activation of Akt In Prostate Cancer Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Secretion of Osteopontin (OPN) by cancer cells is a known mediator of tumorigenesis and cancer progression in both experimental and clinical studies. Our work demonstrates that OPN can activate Akt, an important step in cancer progression. Both ILK and PI3-K are integral proteins in the OPN/Akt pathway, as inhibition of either kinase leads to a loss of OPN-mediated Akt activation. Subsequent to OPN-induced Akt activation, we observe inactivation of GSK3beta, a regulator of beta-Catenin. Osteopontin stimulation leads to an overall increase in beta-Catenin protein levels with a resultant transfer of beta-Catenin to the n...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 19, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Robertson BW, Chellaiah MA Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Identification of tubby and tubby-like protein 1 as eat-me signals by phage display.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Phagocytosis is an important process for the removal of apoptotic cells or cellular debris. Eat-me signals control the initiation of phagocytosis and hold the key for in-depth understanding of its molecular mechanisms. However, because of difficulties to identify unknown eat-me signals, only a limited number of them have been identified and characterized. Using a newly-developed functional cloning strategy of open-reading-frame (ORF) phage display, we identified 9 putative eat-me signals, including tubby-like protein 1 (Tulp1). This further led to the elucidation of tubby as the second eat-me signal in the same protein...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 14, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Caberoy NB, Maiguel D, Kim Y, Li W Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Syntrophin-2 is required for eye development in Drosophila.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Syntrophins are components of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC), which is encoded by causative genes of muscular dystrophies. The DGC is thought to play roles not only in linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, providing stability to the cell membrane, but also in signal transduction. Because of their binding to a variety of different molecules, it has been suggested that syntrophins are adaptor proteins recruiting signaling proteins to membranes and the DGC. However, critical roles in vivo remain elusive. Drosophila Syntrophin-2 (Syn2) is an orthologue of human gamma1/gamma2-syntrophins. We...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Nagai R, Hashimoto R, Tanaka Y, Taguchi O, Sato M, Matsukage A, Yamaguchi M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

BMP2 accelerates the motility and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Up-regulation of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors by tumor is an important hallmark in cancer progression, as it contributes through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Generally, increased motility and invasion are positively correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether BMP-2 signaling to induce gastric cancer cells to undergo EMT-mediated invasion might pass through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Herein we showed that gastric cancer cell lines express al...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 12, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kang MH, Kim JS, Seo JE, Oh SC, Yoo YA Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Automated Tracking of Unmarked Cells Migrating in Three-Dimensional Matrices Applied to Anti-Cancer Drug Screening.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our method can efficiently be used for drug screening aiming to evidence drug-induced effects on cell migration in 3D transparent environments, such as matrix gels. PMID: 19835872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Cell Research)
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 12, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Adanja I, Debeir O, Mégalizzi V, Kiss R, Warzée N, Decaestecker C Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Eps15 interacts with ubiquitinated Cx43 and mediates its internalization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gap junctions (GJ) are specialized cell-cell contacts that provide direct intercellular communication (IC) between eukaryotic cells. Regulation of GJIC by degradation of Cx43 has been a matter of debate over the last two decades and both the proteasome and the lysosome have been implicated. However, the underlying mechanism and molecular players involved remain elusive. In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, that the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 is involved in Cx43 ubiquitination. Indeed, depletion of Nedd4 with siRNA resulted in a decrease of the amount of ubiquitin attached to Cx43. Ubiquitinated membrane protei...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 12, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Girão H, Catarino S, Pereira P Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 mediates trafficking of alpha5beta1 integrin to the plasma membrane.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Integrins are major receptors for cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). As transmembrane proteins, the levels of integrins at the plasma membrane or the cell surface are ultimately determined by the balance between two vesicle trafficking events: endocytosis of integrins at the plasma membrane and exocytosis of the vesicles that transport integrins. Here, we report that vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), a SNARE protein that mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane, is involved in the trafficking of alpha5beta1 integrin. VAMP2 was present on vesicles containing endocytosed beta1 integrin....
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 8, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Hasan N, Hu C Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Identification of four alternatively spliced transcripts of the Ucma/GRP gene, encoding a new Gla-containing protein.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Ucma protein (Upper zone of growth plate and cartilage matrix associated protein) has recently been described as a novel secretory protein mainly expressed in cartilage and also as a novel vitamin K-dependent protein named GRP (Gla-rich protein). This protein has the highest Gla content of any protein known to date. In this paper, we identify four alternatively spliced variants of Ucma/GRP gene transcripts in mouse chondrocytes. We show that the expression of all four isoforms is associated with the early stages of chondrogenesis. The Ucma/GRP gene encodes four proteins named Ucma/GRP-F1, -F2, -F3 and -F4, which di...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 7, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Jeune ML, Tomavo N, Tian T, Flourens A, Marchand N, Camuzeaux B, Mallein-Gerin F, Duterque-Coquillaud M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

RIP4 is a target of multiple signal transduction pathways in keratinocytes: Implications for epidermal differentiation and cutaneous wound repair.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Receptor interacting protein 4 (RIP4) is an important regulator of epidermal morphogenesis during embryonic development. We could previously show that expression of the rip4 gene is strongly downregulated in cutaneous wound repair, which might be initiated by a broad variety of growth factors and cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that in keratinocytes, rip4 expression is controlled by a multitude of different signal transduction pathways, such as the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) cascade, in a unique and specific manner. Furthermore, we show that the steroid dexame...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Adams S, Munz B Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Necdin and TrkA Contribute to Modulation by p75NTR of Resistance to Oxidant Stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR provides protection from oxidant stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and resultant cell death. In the absence of p75NTR, TrkA is upregulated and its signaling pathway effectors are increasingly activated. Necdin, a MAGE protein and known interactor of p75NTR and TrkA, is a potential mediator of this phenomenon. Decreased expression of necdin protein in p75NTR-negative PC12 cells decreased TrkA expression and increased PC12 cell resistance to 6-OHDA. Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by SP600125 also resulted in increased resistance to 6-OHDA, suggesting that TrkA signaling unde...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ingraham CA, Schor NF Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Induction of hyper-adhesion attenuates autoimmune-induced keratinocyte cell-cell detachment and processing of adhesion molecules via mechanisms that involve PKC.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the functional and molecular significance of hyper-adhesion in a system challenged by autoimmune sera from patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), a disease primarily targeting desmosomal adhesion. The results show that keratinocytes with calcium-independent desmosomes are resistant to disruption of intercellular contacts (acantholysis) in experimental PV. Further, both the desmosomal cadherins desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3 and the adherens junction protein E-cadherin were decreased in confluent keratinocytes at Day 1, but not in hyper-adhesive cells (Day 6) after incubation with PV serum. Pharm...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cirillo N, Lanza A, Prime SS Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

M-Ras is activated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 and participates in osteoblastic determination, differentiation, and transdifferentiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The small GTPase M-Ras is highly expressed in the central nervous system and plays essential roles in neuronal differentiation. However, its other cellular and physiological functions remain to be elucidated. Here, we clarify the novel functions of M-Ras in osteogenesis. M-Ras was prominently expressed in developing mouse bones particularly in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Its expression was elevated in C3H/10T1/2 (10T1/2) mesenchymal cells and in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts during differentiation into osteoblasts. Treatment of C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblasts with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to bring ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Watanabe-Takano H, Takano K, Keduka E, Endo T Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes cardiac stem cell migration via the PI3K/Akt pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: VEGF signaling may mediate the migration of CSCs via activation of PI3K/Akt. PMID: 19800880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Cell Research)
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Tang J, Wang J, Kong X, Yang J, Guo L, Zheng F, Zhang L, Huang Y, Wan Y Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Stress-induced ER to Golgi translocation of ceramide synthase 1 is dependent on proteasomal processing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ceramide synthase (CerS) enzymes are key regulators of ceramide homeostasis. CerS1 is central to regulating C18 ceramide which has been shown to be important in cancer and the response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Previous work indicated that some drugs induced a novel and specific translocation of CerS1 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. We now show that diverse stresses such as UV light, DTT, as well as drugs with different mechanisms of action induce CerS1 translocation. The stresses cause a specific cleavage of the CerS1 enzyme, and the cleavage is dependent on the action of the proteasome. In...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sridevi P, Alexander H, Laviad EL, Min J, Mesika A, Hannink M, Futerman AH, Alexander S Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

RUNX3 directly Interacts with Intracellular Domain of Notch1 and Suppresses Notch Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
RUNX3 takes a strong suppressive effect in many tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HES-1, a downstream target of Notch signaling, is shown to be decreased in human HCC cell line SMMC7721 with RUNX3 gene transfection. Since Notch signaling is oncogenic in HCC, RUNX3 might exert its inhibitory effect in HCC partly through the suppression on Notch signaling. To investigate the possible mechanism of the down-regulation of HES-1 by RUNX3, we performed Western Blot and reporter assay, and found that RUNX3 suppressed intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1)-mediated transactivation of Notch signaling while did not ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Gao J, Chen Y, Wu KC, Liu J, Zhao YQ, Pan YL, Du R, Zheng GR, Xiong YM, Xu HL, Fan DM Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Calreticulin positively regulates the expression and function of epithelial sodium channel.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heteromultimeric Na(+) channel at the apical membrane in the kidney, colon, and lung. Because ENaC plays a crucial role in regulating Na(+) absorption and extracellular fluid volume, its dysregulation causes severe phenotypes including hypertension, hypokalemia, and airway obstruction. Despite the importance of ENaC, its protein quality control mechanism remains less established. Here we firstly show the role of calreticulin (CRT), a lectin-like molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), on the regulation of ENaC. Overexpression and knockdown analyses clearly indicated ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sugahara T, Koga T, Ueno-Shuto K, Shuto T, Watanabe E, Maekawa A, Kitamura K, Tomita K, Mizuno A, Sato T, Suico MA, Kai H Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Oncostatin M (OSM) Primes IL-13 and IL-4 induced Eotaxin Responses in Fibroblasts: Regulation of the Type-II IL-4 Receptor chains IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oncostatin M (OSM), a pleiotropic cytokine and a member of the gp130/IL-6 cytokine family, has been implicated in regulation of various chronic inflammatory processes. Previous work has shown that OSM induces eosinophil accumulation in mouse lungs in vivo, and stimulates the eosinophil-selective chemokine eotaxin-1 synergistically with IL-4 in vitro. To examine the role of receptor regulation by OSM in synergistic eotaxin-1 responses, we here examine the modulation of the type-II IL-4 Receptor (IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1) by OSM and other gp130/IL-6 cytokine family members using NIH3T3 fibroblasts and primary mouse lu...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Fritz DK, Kerr C, Botelho F, Stampfli M, Richards CD Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

alpha9beta1 integrin in melanoma cells can signal different adhesion states for migration and anchorage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cell surface integrins are the primary receptors for cell migration on extracellular matrix, and exist in several activation states regulated in part by ectodomain conformation. The alpha9 integrin subunit, which pairs only with beta1, has specific roles in the immune system and may regulate cell migration. Melanoma cells express abundant alpha9beta1 integrin, and its role in cell migration was assessed. Ligands derived from Tenascin-C and ADAM12 supported alpha9beta1 integrin-mediated cell attachment and GTP-Rac dependent migration, but not focal adhesion formation. Manganese ions induced alpha9beta1 integrin-and Rho ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lydolph MC, Morgan-Fisher M, Høye AM, Couchman JR, Wewer UM, Yoneda A Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Promigratory and Procontractile Growth Factor Environments Differentially Regulate Cell Morphogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
3D cell-matrix cultures provide a useful model to analyze and dissect the structural, functional, and mechanical aspects of cell-matrix interactions and motile behavior important for cell and tissue morphogenesis. In the current studies we tested the effects of serum and physiological growth factors on the morphogenetic behavior of human fibroblasts cultured on the surfaces of 3D collagen matrices. Fibroblasts in medium containing serum contracted into clusters, whereas cells in medium containing platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) were observed to migrate as individuals. The clustering activity of serum appeared to ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Rhee S, Ho CH, Grinnell F Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

SAM Pointed Domain ETS Factor (SPDEF) regulates terminal differentiation and maturation of intestinal goblet cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Spdef was sufficient to inhibit proliferation of intestinal progenitors and induce differentiation into goblet cells; SPDEF was required for activation of goblet cell associated genes in vitro. These data support a model in which Spdef promotes terminal differentiation into goblet cells of a common goblet/Paneth progenitor. PMID: 19786015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Cell Research)
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Noah TK, Kazanjian A, Whitsett J, Shroyer NF Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Stanniocalcin-2 is a HIF-1 Target Gene That Promotes Cell Proliferation in Hypoxia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we reported that STC2 is a HIF-1 target gene and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. STC2 was shown to be up-regulated in different breast and ovarian cancer cells, following exposure to hypoxia. Using ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3), the underlying mechanism of HIF-1 mediated STC2 gene transactivation was characterized. Hypoxia-induced STC2 expression was found to be HIF-1alpha dependent and required the recruitment of p300 and HDAC7. Using STC2 promoter deletion constructs and site-directed mutagenesis, two authentic consensus HIF-1 binding sites were identified. Under hypoxic condition, the ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Law AY, Wong CK Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Differences in TRAIL-induced changes of Mcl-1 expression among distinct human colon epithelial cell lines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the changes of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein level following TRAIL treatment of human cell lines representing different stages of colon carcinogenesis-adenocarcinoma (HT-29, HCT116) or secondary metastasis (SW620), together with cell line derived from human fetal colon (FHC). While TRAIL was capable of triggering an anti-apoptotic signalling leading to significant early ERK-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of Mcl-1 in selected colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, none or very limited effects were demonstrated in cell lines derived from colon lymph node metastasis or fetal colon, respectively. We demonstrated a...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Vaculová A, Hofmanová J, Zatloukalová J, Kozubík A Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

ADAM12 localizes with c-Src to actin-rich structures at the cell periphery and regulates Src kinase activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ADAM12 is an active metalloprotease playing an important role in tumour progression. Human ADAM12 exists in two splice variants; a long transmembrane form, ADAM12-L, and a secreted form, ADAM12-S. The subcellular localization of ADAM12-L is tightly regulated and involves intracellular interaction partners and signalling proteins. We demonstrate here a c-Src-dependent redistribution of ADAM12-L from perinuclear areas to actin-rich Src-positive structures at the cell periphery, and identified two separate c-Src binding sites in the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM12-L that interact with the SH3 domain of c-Src with different bin...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Stautz D, Sanjay A, Hansen MT, Albrechtsen R, Wewer U, Kveiborg M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Dissecting Coronary Angiogenesis: 3D Co-Culture of Cardiomyocytes with Endothelial or Mesenchymal Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In embryogenesis, coronary blood vessels are formed by vasculogenesis from epicardium-derived progenitors. Subsequently, growing or regenerating myocardium increases its vasculature by angiogenesis, forming new vessels from the pre-existing ones. Recently, cell therapies for myocardium ischemia that used different protocols have given promising results, using either extra-cardiac blood vessel cell progenitors or stimulating the cardiac angiogenesis. We have questioned whether cardiomyocytes could sustain both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. We used a 3D culture model of tissue-like spheroids in co-cultures of cardiomy...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Garzoni LR, Rossi MI, de Barros AP, Guarani V, Keramidas M, Balottin LB, Adesse D, Takiya CM, Manso PP, Otazú IB, de Nazareth Meirelles M, Borojevic R Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

LRRK2 enhances oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity via its kinase activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
LRRK2 is an autosomal dominant gene whose mutations cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The LRRK2 protein contains a functional kinase and a GTPase domain. PD phenotypes caused by LRRK2 mutations are similar to those of idiopathic PD, implying that LRRK2 is an important participant in PD pathogenesis. Of LRRK2's PD-specific mutations, the G2019S is the most frequently observed one. Its over-expression is known to increase kinase activity and neurotoxicity compared to wild type (WT) LRRK2. Here, using a simple colorimetric cell viability assay, we analyzed LRRK2's neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SN4741 cells followin...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Heo HY, Park JM, Kim CH, Han BS, Kim KS, Seol W Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

CREG inhibits migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells by mediating IGF-II endocytosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to identify the role of CREG in modulating the migration of SMCs. Recombinant virus-mediated CREG expression inhibited the cellular migration of cultured SMCs associated with down-regulated activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In contrast, CREG knockdown via the retroviral transfer of short hairpin RNAs promoted cellular migration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and endocytosis analysis revealed that CREG knockdown attenuated the internalization and increased secretion of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II. Western blot analysis demonstrated that both phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and pho...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Han Y, Cui J, Tao J, Guo L, Guo P, Sun M, Kang J, Zhang X, Yan C, Li S Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

The cell senescence inducing gene product MORF4 is regulated by degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
After undergoing several rounds of divisions normal human fibroblasts enter a terminally non-dividing state referred to as cellular or replicative senescence. We cloned MORF4 (mortality factor on human chromosome 4), as a cellular senescence inducing gene that caused immortal cells assigned to complementation group B for indefinite division to stop dividing. To facilitate analyses of this gene, which is toxic to cells at low levels, we obtained stable clones of HeLa cells expressing a tetracycline-induced MORF4 construct that could be induced by doxycycline in a dose-dependent manner. MORF4 induction resulted in reduce...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Tominaga K, Tominaga E, Ausserlechner MJ, Pereira-Smith OM Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

BS69 undergoes SUMO modification and plays an inhibitory role in muscle and neuronal differentiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
BS69, an adenovirus E1A binding protein, has been described as a co-repressor in association with various transcription factors. But its characteristics and exact biological functions remain largely unknown at present. Now we intensively investigated the localization of BS69 and its various truncated derivatives and found that: a) BS69 forms oligomer through its C-terminus and b) both PHD and MYND domain are important for the localization of BS69. Furthermore, we provided evidence showing that BS69 interacts with PIAS1 (a well-characterized SUMO E3 enzyme) and Ubc9 (the only SUMO E2 enzyme so far identified) through it...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yu B, Shao Y, Zhang C, Chen Y, Zhong Q, Zhang J, Yang H, Zhang W, Wan J Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase (ASK)-1 Mediates Apoptosis through activation of JNK1 following Engagement of Membrane Immunoglobulin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we show that apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) signaling pathway participates in mIg-induced apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stimulation of WEHI-231 cells with anti-IgM induces phosphorylation and subsequent activation of ASK1, leading to JNK activation. Anti-IgM stimulation immediately (5 min) induces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production with a substantial increase during later time points (36 h - 48 h), accompanied by loss of DeltaPsim and an increase in cells with sub-G1 DNA content. The anti-IgM-induced late-phase H2O2 productio...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Furuhata M, Takada E, Noguchi T, Ichijo H, Mizuguchi J Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

Chemically distinct HDAC inhibitors prevent adipose conversion of subcutaneous human white preadipocytes at an early stage of the differentiation program.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, HDAC inhibitors from different chemical classes potently inhibited human adipose conversion at an early stage of the differentiation program. PMID: 19766628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Cell Research)
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Catalioto RM, Maggi CA, Giuliani S Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals

MMR/c-Abl-dependent activation of ING2/p73alpha signaling regulates the cell death response to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Agents inducing O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)MeG) in DNA such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) are cytotoxic and a deficiency in mismatch repair (MMR) results in lack of sensitivity to this genotoxin (termed alkylation tolerance). Here, we show that ING2, a member of the inhibitor of growth family, is required for cell death induced by MNNG. We further observe that following MNNG treatment increases cellular protein levels of ING2 that is dependent on intact MMR function and that MNNG-induced ING2 localizes and associates with p73alpha in the nucleus. Suppression of ING2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in MMR-pro...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 15, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sun G, Jin S, Baskaran R Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: journals