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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in an Adult Urban Population of the West of IranEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this urban population of the northern west of Iran. Focus of cardiovascular prevention should be undertaken in this area. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - November 4, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Murine Pancreatic Beta TC3 Cells Show Greater 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase (2′5′AS) Antiviral Enzyme Activity and Apoptosis Following IFN-α or Poly(I:C) Treatment than Pancreatic Alpha TC3 CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, possibly virus initiated. Virus infection induces alpha-interferon (IFN-α), leading to upregulation of genes encoding double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent antiviral enzymes 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (2′5′AS) and PKR (p68). To investigate whether beta cell specificity could be due to antiviral differences between beta and alpha cells, we treated beta and alpha TC3 cell lines with IFN-α and/or poly(I:C) (a synthetic dsRNA). Results showed that, following IFN-α stimulation, increases in 2′5...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - October 29, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Influence of Overt Diabetes Mellitus on Cyclosporine Pharmacokinetics in a Canine ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Overt diabetes alters cyclosporine disposition by modulating its clearance. Abnormalities in the lipid profile, among other factors, may contribute to the accelerated metabolic degradation of cyclosporine under hyperglycemic conditions. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - October 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Dynamic Changes of Neuroskeletal Proteins in DRGs Underlie Impaired Axonal Maturation and Progressive Axonal Degeneration in Type 1 DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated mechanisms underlying progressive axonal dysfunction and structural deficits in type 1 BB/Wor-rats from 1 week to 10 month diabetes duration. Motor and sensory conduction velocities were decreased after 4 and 6 weeks of diabetes and declined further over the remaining 9 months. Myelinated sural nerve fibers showed progressive deficits in fiber numbers and sizes. Structural deficits in unmyelinated axonal size were evident at 2 month and deficits in number were present at 4 mo. These changes were preceded by decreased availability of insulin, C-peptide and IGF-1 and...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - October 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Structural and Ultrastructural Analysis of Cerebral Cortex, Cerebellum, and Hypothalamus from Diabetic RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Autonomic and peripheral neuropathies are well-described complications in diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is also associated to central nervous system damage. This little-known complication is characterized by impairment of brain functions and electrophysiological changes associated with neurochemical and structural abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain structural and ultrastructural changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum were obtained from controls and 8 weeks diabetic rats. Light and electron microscope studies showed degenerative change...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - October 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Positive Correlation of PTH-Related Peptide with Glucose in Type 2 DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the strong positive relation of PTHrP with glucose in the fasting state in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus raises several questions for further experimentation concerning its exact role and physiological significance. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - September 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Effect of Food Restriction on Adipose Tissue in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, SDT fatty rats were subjected to pair-feeding with SDT-+/+ (SDT) rats from 6 to 22 weeks of age. The ratio of visceral fat weight to subcutaneous fat weight (V/S) decreased at 12 weeks of age in the pair-feeding rats. The intraperitoneal fat weight such as epididymal and retroperitoneal fat weight decreased, whereas mesenteric fat weight had no change. Cell size of the epididymal fat in the pair-feeding rats tended to decrease. Glucose oxidation level in epididymal fat in the pair-feeding rats at 12 weeks of age was recovered to a similar level with that in SDT rats. These results indicated that SDT fatty ra...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - August 19, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Rosiglitazone Prevents High Glucose-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Collagen IV Expression in Cultured Mesangial CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, negatively modulates high glucose effects. We postulated that rosiglitazone (RSG), an activator of PPARγ prevents the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen IV by mesangial cells exposed to high glucose. Primary cultured rat mesangial cells were growth-arrested in 5.6 mM (NG) or 25 mM D-glucose (HG) for up to 48 hours. In HG, PPARγ mRNA and protein were reduced within 3 h, and enhanced ROS generation, expression of p22phox, VEGF and collagen IV, and PK...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - July 7, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

A Variation in the Cerebroside Sulfotransferase Gene Is Linked to Exercise-Modified Insulin Resistance and to Type 2 DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Heterozygosity at SNP rs2267161 in the gene encoding the CST enzyme confers increased risk of T2D. Females with the CC allele showed lower insulin resistance. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - July 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes as a Model of Nature to Explore the Role of C-PeptideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes almost completely lack C-peptide even soon after the onset of the disease, and the deficiency continues for the rest of their life. Thus, fulminant type 1 diabetes could serve as a good model of nature to explore the physiological role of C-peptide. For example, patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes have diabetic chronic complications more frequently than those with classical autoimmune type 1 diabetes 5 years after the onset of diabetes, and the higher prevalence could be partly attributable to the complete lack of C-peptide in fulminant type 1 diabetes. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy in the BB/Wor-ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) occurs more frequently in type 1 diabetes resulting in a more severe DPN. The differences in DPN between the two types of diabetes are due to differences in the availability of insulin and C-peptide. Insulin and C-peptide provide gene regulatory effects on neurotrophic factors with effects on axonal cytoskeletal proteins and nerve fiber integrity. A significant abnormality in type 1 DPN is nodal degeneration. In the type 1 BB/Wor-rat, C-peptide replacement corrects metabolic abnormalities ameliorating the acute nerve conduction defect. It corrects abnormalities of neurotrophic factors and the ...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Radioiodinated Naphthylalanine Derivatives Targeting Pancreatic Beta Cells in Normal and Nonobese Diabetic MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An imaging method capable of using a signal from pancreatic beta cells to determine their mass would be of immense value in monitoring the progression of diabetes as well as response to treatment. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are expressed on beta cells and are a potential target for imaging. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether pancreatic beta cells are a target for radiolabeled naphthylalanine derivatives. The molecules were subjected to in vitro and ex vivo evaluations. Pancreatic uptake of radioactivity was lower in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice than normal mice at all time points investigated (...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Recent Insights in Islet Amyloid Polypeptide-Induced Membrane Disruption and Its Role in β-Cell Death in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The presence of fibrillar protein deposits (amyloid) of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans is thought to be related to death of the insulin-producing islet β-cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The mechanism of hIAPP-induced β-cell death is not understood. However, there is growing evidence that hIAPP-induced disruption of β-cell membranes is the cause of hIAPP cytotoxicity. Amyloid cytotoxicity by membrane damage has not only been suggested for hIAPP, but also for peptides and proteins related to other misfolding diseases, like Alzheimer_s disease, Park...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

C-Peptide and Its C-Terminal Fragments Improve Erythrocyte Deformability in Type 1 Diabetes PatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion/interpretation. C-peptide and its C-terminal fragments are equally effective in improving erythrocyte deformability in type 1 diabetes. The C-terminal residues of C-peptide are causally involved in this effect. The signal transduction pathway is Ca2+-dependent and involves activation of red blood cell Na+,K+-ATPase. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Transgenic Mice: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Models for the Role of hIAPP in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we found that after a long-term, high-fat diet challenge islet amyloid was observed in only 4 of 19 hIAPP transgenic mice. hIAPP transgenic females exhibited severe glucose intolerance, which was associated with a downregulation of GLUT-2 mRNA expression. In isolated islets from hIAPP males cultured for 3 weeks on high-glucose medium, the percentage of amyloid containing islets increased from 5.5% to 70%. This ex vivo system will allow a more rapid, convenient, and specific study of factors influencing islet amyloidosis as well as of therapeutic strategies to interfere with this pathological process....
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

History and Diagnostic Significance of C-PeptideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Starting with the epoch-making discovery of proinsulin, C-peptide has played an important interdisciplinary role, both as part of the single-chain precursor molecule and as an individual entity. In the pioneering years, fundamental systematic experiments unravelled new biochemical mechanisms and chemical structures. After the first detection of C-peptide in human serum, it quickly became a most useful independent indicator of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, finding application in a rapidly growing number of clinical investigations. A prerequisite was the development of specific immuno assays for proinsulin and C-peptid...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

C-Peptide Effects on Renal Physiology and DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The C-peptide of proinsulin is important for the biosynthesis of insulin and has for a long time been considered to be biologically inert. Animal studies have shown that some of the renal effects of the C-peptide may in part be explained by its ability to stimulate the Na,K-ATPase activity. Precisely, the C-peptide reduces diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration both in animals and humans, therefore, resulting in regression of fibrosis. The tubular function is also concerned as diabetic animals supplemented with C-peptide exhibit better renal function resulting in reduced urinary sodium waste and protein excretion toge...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Diabetes Alters Contraction-Induced Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation in the Rat Soleus and PlantarisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The prescription of anaerobic exercise has recently been advocated for the management of diabetes; however exercise-induced signaling in diabetic muscle remains largely unexplored. Evidence from exercise studies in nondiabetics suggests that the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/2), p38, and c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase (Jnk) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important regulators of muscle adaptation. Here, we compare the basal and the in situ contraction-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2- p38- and Jnk-MAPK and their downstream targets (p90rsk and MAPKAP-K2) in the plantaris and soleus muscles of normal...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Real-Time Monitoring of Apoptosis by Caspase-3-Like Protease Induced FRET Reduction Triggered by Amyloid AggregationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Amyloid formation is cytotoxic and can activate the caspase cascade. Here, we monitor caspase-3-like activity as reduction of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using the contstruct pFRET2-DEVD containing enhanced cyan fluorescent protin (EYFP) linked by the caspase-3 specific cleavage site residues DEVD. Beta-TC-6 cells were transfected, and the fluoorescence was measured at 440 nm excitation and 535 nm (EYFP) and 480 nm (ECFP) emission wavelength. Cells were incubated with recombinant pro lset Amyloid Polypeptide (rec prolAPP) or the processing metabolites of prolAPP; the N-terminal flank...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

The Role of the 14–20 Domain of the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Amyloid FormationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The molecular mechanism of amyloid formation by the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) has been intensively studied since its identification in the late 1980s. The IAPP(20–29) region is considered to be the central amyloidogenic module of the polypeptide. This assumption is mainly based on the amyloidogenic properties of the region and on the large sequence diversity within this region between the human and mouse IAPP, as the mouse IAPP does not form amyloids. A few years ago, another region within IAPP was identified that seems to be at least as important as IAPP(20–29) in facilitation of molecular recognition t...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute-phase serum amyloid A (A-SAA) was shown recently to correlate with obesity and insulin resistance in humans. However, the mechanisms linking obesity-associated inflammation and elevated plasma A-SAA to insulin resistance are poorly understood. Using high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mice, we found that plasma A-SAA was increased early upon HFD feeding and was tightly associated with systemic insulin resistance. Plasma A-SAA elevation was due to induction of Saa1 and Saa2 expression in liver but not in adipose tissue. In adipose tissue Saa3 was the predominant isoform and the earliest inflammatory marker induced, suggesting i...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Disturbed α-Cell Function in Mice with β-Cell Specific Overexpression of Human Islet Amyloid PolypeptideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined α-cell function in mice with β-cell specific overexpression of human IAPP (hIAPP) after an oral protein gavage (75 mg whey protein/mouse). Baseline glucagon levels were higher in transgenic mice (41±4.0 pg/mL, n=6) than in wildtype animals (19±5.1 pg/mL, n=5, P=.015). In contrast, the glucagon response to protein was impaired in transgenic animals (21±2.7 pg/mL in transgenic mice versus 38±5.7 pg/mL in wildtype mice at 15 minutes; P=.027). Baseline insulin levels did not differ between the groups, while the insulin response, as...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Pancreatic Beta-Cell Purification by Altering FAD and NAD(P)H MetabolismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated whether rat beta cells can be isolated from nonbeta endocrine cells by manipulating the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) autofluorescence. Beta cells were isolated from dispersed islets by flow cytometry, based on their high FAD and NAD(P)H fluorescence. To improve beta cell yield and purity, the cellular FAD and NAD(P)H contents were altered by preincubation in culture media containing varying amounts of D-glucose and amino acids. Manipulation of the cellular FAD and NAD(P)H fluorescence improves beta cell yield and purity after sort...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Role of C-Peptide in the Regulation of Microvascular Blood FlowEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During the recent years, the role of C-peptide, released from the pancreatic beta cell, in regulating microvascular blood flow, has received increasing attention. In type 1 diabetic patients, intravenous application of C-peptide in physiological concentrations was shown to increase microvascular blood flow, and to improve microvascular endothelial function and the endothelial release of NO. C-peptide was shown to impact microvascular blood flow by several interactive pathways, like stimulating Na+K+ATPase or the endothelial release of NO. There is increasing evidence, that in patients with declining beta cell function, the...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Maternal Enterovirus Infection during Pregnancy as a Risk Factor in Offspring Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes between 15 and 30 Years of AgeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Maternal enterovirus infections during pregnancy may increase the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes during childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gestational enterovirus infections increase the offspring's risk of type 1 diabetes later in life. Serum samples from 30 mothers without diabetes whose offspring developed type 1 diabetes between 15 and 25 years of age were analyzed for enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and enterovirus genome (RNA), and compared to a control group. Among the index mothers, 9/30 (30%) were enterovirus IgM-positive, and none was positive ...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Phlorizin Prevents Glomerular Hyperfiltration but not Hypertrophy in Diabetic RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationships of renal and glomerular hypertrophies to development of hyperfiltration and proteinuria early in streptozotocin-induced diabetes were explored. Control, diabetic, phlorizin-treated controls, and diabetic male Fischer rats were used. Phlorizin (an Na+-glucose cotransport inhibitor) was given at a dose sufficient to normalize blood glucose. Inulin clearance (Cinulin) and protein excretion rate (PER) were measured. For morphometry, kidney sections were stained with periodic acid Schiff. At one week, diabetes PER increased 2.8-folds (P<.001), Cinulin increased 80% (P<.01). Kidney wet and dry...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Change in Long-Spacing Collagen in Descemet's Membrane of Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats and Its Suppression by Antidiabetic AgentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined changes in the ultrastructure and localization of major extracellular matrix components, including 5 types of collagen (type I, III, IV, VI, and VIII), laminin, fibronectin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in Descemet's membrane of the cornea of diabetic GK rats. In the cornea of diabetic GK rats, more long-spacing collagen fibrils were observed in Descemet's membrane than in the membrane of the nondiabetic Wistar rats. Both GK and Wistar rats showed an age-dependent increase in the density of the long-spacing collagen. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that type VIII collagen was localized in the inter...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

GeneSpeed Beta Cell: An Online Genomics Data Repository and Analysis Resource Tailored for the Islet Cell BiologistEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. The combination of an exhaustive domain-based compilation of the transcriptome with gene array data of interest to the islet biologist affords novel methods for multidimensional querying between individual datasets in a rapid fashion, presently not available elsewhere. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

New Tricks by an Old DogEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Transthyretin and Amyloid in the Islets of Langerhans in Type-2 DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transthyretin (TTR) is a major amyloid fibril protein in certain systemic forms of amyloidosis. It is a plasma protein, mainly synthesized by the liver but expression occurs also at certain minor locations, including the endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans. With the use of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have studied the distribution of transthyretin-containing cells in islets of Langerhans in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. TTR expression was particularly seen in alpha (glucagon) cells. Islets from type-2 diabetic patients had proportionally more transthyretin-reactive islet cells, ...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Bcl-2 Family Gene Expression and Caspase-3 Activity in Hippocampus STZ-Induced Diabetic RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We assessed the expression of Bcl-2 family members at both mRNA and protein levels as well as the Caspase-3 activity, in order to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis in hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. We selected twenty-four Wistar rats; half of them were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of a single 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin (STZ, IP), while the others received normal saline and served as controls. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax mRNA and proteins were measured using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Caspases-3 activity was determined by using the Caspase-3/CPP32 Fluo...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

The Characterization of High-Fat Diet and Multiple Low-Dose Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes Rat ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Together, these results indicated that high-fat diet combined with multiple low doses of STZ (30 mg/kg at weekly intervals for 2 weeks) proved to be a better way for developing a stable animal model of type 2 diabetes, and this new model may be suitable for pharmaceutical screening. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Islet Specific Wnt Activation in Human Type II DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the expression of multiple Wnt pathway components in pancreases from normal individuals and type II diabetic individuals. Multiple members of the Wnt signaling pathway, including TCF7L2, Wnt2b, β-catenin, pGSK3β, TCF3, cyclinD1, and c-myc, were undetectable or expressed at low levels in islets from nondiabetic individuals, but were also upregulated specifically in islets of type II diabetic patients. Culture of pancreatic tissue and islet isolation led to Wnt activation that was reversed by the Wnt antagonist sFRP, demonstrating that Wnt activation in that setting was due to soluble Wnt factors. T...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Amyloid Deposition in Transplanted Human Pancreatic Islets: A Conceivable Cause of Their Long-Term FailureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Following the encouraging report of the Edmonton group, there was a rejuvenation of the islet transplantation field. After that, more pessimistic views spread when long-term results of the clinical outcome were published. A progressive loss of the β-cell function meant that almost all patients were back on insulin therapy after 5 years. More than 10 years ago, we demonstrated that amyloid deposits rapidly formed in human islets and in mouse islets transgenic for human IAPP when grafted into nude mice. It is, therefore, conceivable to consider amyloid formation as one potential candidate for the long-term failure. The...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Decreased ADP-Ribosyl Cyclase Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Diabetic Patients with NephropathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion/interpretation. Decreased ADPRCA significantly correlated with diabetic nephropathy. ADPRCA in PBMCs would be an important marker associated with diabetic nephropathy. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Importance of Aggregated Islet Amyloid Polypeptide for the Progressive Beta-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and in Transplanted Human IsletsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

The Metal Chelators, Trientine and Citrate, Inhibit the Development of Cardiac Pathology in the Zucker Diabetic RatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Dietary supplementation with trientine and citric acid significantly prevented structural and functional changes in the diabetic heart, supporting the merits of mild chelators for prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Sequence Variation and Expression of the Gimap Gene Family in the BB RatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Positional cloning of lymphopenia (lyp) in the BB rat revealed a frameshift mutation in Gimap5, a member of at least seven related GTPase Immune Associated Protein genes located on rat chromosome 4q24. Our aim was to clone and sequence the cDNA of the BB diabetes prone (DP) and diabetes resistant (DR) alleles of all seven Gimap genes in the congenic DR.lyp rat line with 2 Mb of BB DP DNA introgressed onto the DR genetic background. All (100%) DR.lyp/lyp rats are lymphopenic and develop type 1 diabetes (T1D) by 84 days of age while DR.+/+ rats remain T1D and lyp resistant. Among the seven Gimap genes, the Gimap5 framesh...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Vascular and Neural Dysfunctions in Obese Zucker Rats: Effect of AVE7688Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether AVE7688 a drug that inhibits both angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase activity protects vascular and nerve functions in an animal model of metabolic syndrome. Obese Zucker rats at 20 weeks of age were treated for 12 weeks with AVE7688. Vasodilation in epineurial arterioles was measured by videomicroscopy and nerve conduction velocity was measured following electrical stimulation. Treatment with AVE7688 improved vascular relaxation in response to acetylcholine and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity. In obese Zucker rats superoxide levels and nit...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Sequence Variation and Expression of the Gimap Gene Family in the BB RatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Positional cloning of lymphopenia (lyp) in the BB rat revealed a frameshift mutation in Gimap5, a member of at least seven related GTPase Immune Associated Protein genes located on rat chromosome 4q24. Our aim was to clone and sequence the cDNA of the BB diabetes prone (DP) and diabetes resistant (DR) alleles of all seven Gimap genes in the congenic DR.lyp rat line with 2 Mb of BB DP DNA introgressed onto the DR genetic background. All (100%) DR.lyp/lyp rats are lymphopenic and develop type 1 diabetes (T1D) by 84 days of age while DR.+/+ rats remain T1D and lyp resistant. Among the seven Gimap genes, the Gimap5 framesh...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - May 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

The Metal Chelators, Trientine and Citrate, Inhibit the Development of Cardiac Pathology in the Zucker Diabetic RatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Dietary supplementation with trientine and citric acid significantly prevented structural and functional changes in the diabetic heart, supporting the merits of mild chelators for prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - April 18, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Importance of Aggregated Islet Amyloid Polypeptide for the Progressive Beta-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and in Transplanted Human IsletsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - April 7, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Decreased ADP-Ribosyl Cyclase Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Diabetic Patients with NephropathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion/interpretation. Decreased ADPRCA significantly correlated with diabetic nephropathy. ADPRCA in PBMCs would be an important marker associated with diabetic nephropathy. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - March 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Amyloid Deposition in Transplanted Human Pancreatic Islets: A Conceivable Cause of Their Long-Term FailureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Following the encouraging report of the Edmonton group, there was a rejuvenation of the islet transplantation field. After that, more pessimistic views spread when long-term results of the clinical outcome were published. A progressive loss of the β-cell function meant that almost all patients were back on insulin therapy after 5 years. More than 10 years ago, we demonstrated that amyloid deposits rapidly formed in human islets and in mouse islets transgenic for human IAPP when grafted into nude mice. It is, therefore, conceivable to consider amyloid formation as one potential candidate for the long-term failure. The...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - March 7, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Islet Specific Wnt Activation in Human Type II DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the expression of multiple Wnt pathway components in pancreases from normal individuals and type II diabetic individuals. Multiple members of the Wnt signaling pathway, including TCF7L2, Wnt2b, β-catenin, pGSK3β, TCF3, cyclinD1, and c-myc, were undetectable or expressed at low levels in islets from nondiabetic individuals, but were also upregulated specifically in islets of type II diabetic patients. Culture of pancreatic tissue and islet isolation led to Wnt activation that was reversed by the Wnt antagonist sFRP, demonstrating that Wnt activation in that setting was due to soluble Wnt factors. T...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - January 21, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

The Characterization of High-Fat Diet and Multiple Low-Dose Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes Rat ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Together, these results indicated that high-fat diet combined with multiple low doses of STZ (30 mg/kg at weekly intervals for 2 weeks) proved to be a better way for developing a stable animal model of type 2 diabetes, and this new model may be suitable for pharmaceutical screening. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - January 4, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Bcl-2 Family Gene Expression and Caspase-3 Activity in Hippocampus STZ-Induced Diabetic RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We assessed the expression of Bcl-2 family members at both mRNA and protein levels as well as the Caspase-3 activity, in order to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis in hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. We selected twenty-four Wistar rats; half of them were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of a single 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin (STZ, IP), while the others received normal saline and served as controls. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax mRNA and proteins were measured using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Caspases-3 activity was determined by using the Caspase-3/CPP32 Fluo...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - October 13, 2008 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

Transthyretin and Amyloid in the Islets of Langerhans in Type-2 DiabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transthyretin (TTR) is a major amyloid fibril protein in certain systemic forms of amyloidosis. It is a plasma protein, mainly synthesized by the liver but expression occurs also at certain minor locations, including the endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans. With the use of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have studied the distribution of transthyretin-containing cells in islets of Langerhans in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. TTR expression was particularly seen in alpha (glucagon) cells. Islets from type-2 diabetic patients had proportionally more transthyretin-reactive islet cells, ...
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - September 25, 2008 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals

New Tricks by an Old DogEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)
Source: Experimental Diabetes Research - September 18, 2008 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: journals