Experimental and Toxicologic PathologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Expression and activation of proteases in co-cultures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, during direct interactions of tumor cells with normal cells, MMPs and the uPA/uPAR system play an important role in the degradation of ECM and tumor development, but as we found, there is a reverse relationship between the concentration and the enzymatic activity of MMPs and uPA/uPAR in co-culture models. PMID: 19836935 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Paduch R, Kandefer-Szerszeń M Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Boschniakia rossica prevents the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Boschniakia rossica extract (BRE), rich in phenylpropanoid glycoside and iridoid glucoside, on CCl(4)-induced liver damage. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten each. While the first group was maintained as normal control, groups II-VI were administered 0.5ml/kg CCl(4) (model), 100mg/kg BRE plus CCl(4), 200mg/kg BRE plus CCl(4), 50mg/kg silymarin plus CCl(4) and 200mg/kg BRE, respectively. CCl(4) challenge not only elevated the serum marker enzyme activities and reduced albumin (ALB) level but also increased liver ox...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 13, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Quan J, Yin X, Xu H Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Cobalt chloride induces hepatotoxicity in adult rats and their suckling pups.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To assess liver damages in pregnant and lactating rats and in their suckling pups, wistar female rats were given through drinking water 350ppm of CoCl(2) (157ppm Co(2+)) from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. The effects of cobalt chloride on lipid peroxidation levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid profile and histopathology aspects of liver were evaluated. Biochemical results showed that lipid peroxidation increased significantly in Co-treated rats, as evidenced by high liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Alteration of the antioxidant system in treated group was con...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 7, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Garoui EM, Fetoui H, Ayadi Makni F, Boudawara T, Zeghal N Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Hepatotoxicity induced by gibberellic acid in adult rats and their progeny.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gibberellic acid (GA(3)), a plant growth regulator, was largely used in agriculture of many countries including Tunisia. However, its potential hazardous effects on human health were relatively unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GA(3) on hepatic function in female rats and their pups. Animals were given daily 200ppm GA(3) in drinking water from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. It was found that GA(3) induced liver damages as evidenced by the elevation of plasma aminotransferases (ALT, AST), lactate dehydrogenase activities, bilirubin and albumin levels. Hepatot...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 5, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Troudi A, Mahjoubi Samet A, Zeghal N Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Isorhamnetin protects rat ventricular myocytes from ischemia and reperfusion injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has been known to cause damages to ventricular myocytes. Isorhamnetin, one member of flavonoid compounds, has cardioprotective effect, the effect that suggests a possible treatment for I/R damages. In the present investigation, we found that isorhamnetin could significantly promote the viability of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes that were exposed to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in vitro. Ventricular myocytes were obtained from neonatal SD rats, and then were divided randomly into three groups, namely I/R-/isor-, I/R+/isor- and I/R+/isor+ group. Before the whole experiment, the most appropria...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 5, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Zhang N, Pei F, Wei H, Zhang T, Yang C, Ma G, Yang C Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Juglone-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells via the mitochondrial pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, juglone can induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through a mitochondrial pathway that seems to be mediated by the generation of ROS and a reduction in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. PMID: 19815401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 5, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ji YB, Qu ZY, Zou X Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Ultrastructural and DNA damaging effects of lead nitrate in the liver.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, lead induces necrotic changes with simultaneous mitogenic activity; however, it does not induce significant DNA damage in the liver. PMID: 19804962 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 2, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Narayana K, Al-Bader M Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Dose-dependent hepatoprotective effect of emodin against acetaminophen-induced acute damage in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Protective effect of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl anthraquinone), an active compound of Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., was evaluated against acetaminophen-induced biochemical and histological alterations in rats. Acetaminophen (2g/kg, po) administration caused significant elevation in the release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum bilirubin and serum protein with concomitant decrease in hemoglobin and blood sugar after 24h of its administration. Toxicant exposure intensified the lipid peroxidation and altered glutathione status, activities of adenosine triphosphatase, acid ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Bhadauria M Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

To what extent will contaminated water affect physical, haematological and lipid properties of Clariasgariepinus?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some haematological and physical properties of Clarias gariepinus cultivated in water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane over a period of 56 days were examined. The haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations of test animals were found to be significantly lower than those of control (p<0.05). The gain in body weight of male C. gariepinus cultivated in uncontaminated water (control), water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane was found to be 11.88+/-0.55, 13.5+/-0.62, 21.60+/-1.03 and 27.54+/-1.22g, respectively. Serum cholesterol concentrations of fish cultivated in...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - October 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Adeyemi O, Oginni O, Igbakin AP, Adeyemi O, Osubor CC Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of analgesic efficacy, gastrotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of fixed-dose combinations of nonselective, preferential and selective cyclooxgenase inhibitors with paracetamol in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are combined with paracetamol (PCM) with a view to enhance analgesic efficacy and reduce gastric toxicity. However, there are reports of enhanced nephrotoxicity with nonselective NSAID with PCM combinations. The present study investigated the analgesic efficacy, gastrotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of nonselective, preferential and selective cyclooxgenase inhibitors and their combination with PCM in rats. Graded doses of ibuprofen, meloxicam and celecoxib alone and their combination with fixed dose of PCM were administered to the rats by gavage for 14 days. The results showed ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Kumar G, Hota D, Nahar Saikia U, Pandhi P Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Rapid deposition of glomerular IgA in BALB/c mice by nivalenol and its modifying effect on high IgA strain (HIGA) mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To clarify the underlying mechanisms of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) induced by nivalenol (NIV), a trichothecene mycotoxin, we examined the time and dose relationships of glomerular deposition of IgA by NIV in BALB/c mice (Experiment 1), and also evaluated the modification of NIV on spontaneous IgAN in an inbred murine model, a high IgA strain (HIGA), during its early stage of pathogenesis (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, female BALB/c mice were given a diet containing 0, 12, or 24ppm concentration of NIV for 4 or 8 weeks. An increase in serum IgA levels was found at 24ppm from 4 weeks. At week 8 of treatment, dose-dependent...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 25, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Dewa Y, Kemmochi S, Kawai M, Saegusa Y, Harada T, Shimamoto K, Mitsumori K, Kumagai S, Sugita-Konishi Y, Shibutani M Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Hyperplasia of the lymphoepithelium of NALT in rats but not in mice upon 28-day exposure to 15ppm formaldehyde vapor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate if local lymphoid tissues are a target of FA, nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) and upper-respiratory tract-draining lymph nodes were examined in a 28-day inhalation study with FA vapor in Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Paraffin-embedded tissues were sectioned and stained with H&E or stained immunohistochemically for cell proliferation (BrdU incorporation). Light microscopy revealed simple hyperplasia of NALT lymphoepithelium of rats exposed to 15ppm and an increased proliferation rate of the epithelial cells. Principal component (discriminant) analysis of rat NALT and lymph nodes dat...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 24, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Frieke Kuper C, van Oostrum L, Ma-Hock L, Durrer S, Woutersen RA Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Immunohistochemical localisation of renal cyclooxygenase-1 expression in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-treated mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The utility of cyclooxygenase-inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is limited by unwanted side effects that include disturbances in renal function. In order to further understand the mechanisms that underlie these renal side effects, the expression of the prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) was examined by immunohistochemical methods in murine kidneys after treatment with indomethacin, a non-selective inhibitor or nimesulide, an inhibitor that preferentially and selectively blocks the COX-2 isoform of the enzyme. In untreated control kidneys, COX-1 protein was expressed in the glomeruli a...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Meskell M, Ettarh R Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Mechanism of subendocardial cell proliferation in the rat and relevance for understanding drug-induced valvular heart disease in humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A number of drugs and drug candidates, including fenfluramine and ergot derivatives, are associated with valvulopathy in humans; however, these responses are poorly predicted from animal studies. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that these compounds exert their pathological effect through activation of serotonin 2B receptor (5HT2BR) signaling. However, the variable effect of fenfluramine and other 5HT2BR agonists in rodents has cast doubt on the relevance of animal findings to predicting human risk. Herein, a candidate compound, RO3013, induced subendocardial cell proliferation in the mitral and tricuspid valves ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Fielden MR, Hassani M, Uppal H, Day-Lollini P, Button D, Martin RS, Garrido R, Liu X, Kolaja KL Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Rosiglitazone (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) counters hypertension and adverse cardiac and vascular remodeling in 2K1C hypertensive rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone has beneficial effects controlling BP, reducing vascular adverse remodeling, and preserving intramyocardial vascularization in renovascular hypertensive rats (2K1C model). PMID: 19775877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 20, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: de Oliveira Silva-Junior G, da Silva Torres T, de Souza Mendonca L, Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda C Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Effect of vitamin A supplemented diet on calcium oxalate renal stone formation in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a vitamin A supplemented diet at the rate of 20 times standard ration could improve the renal function by restoring the glomerular filtration rate and by increasing the urinary pH and excretion of citric acid. PMID: 19766470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 16, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Bardaoui M, Sakly R, Neffati F, Najjar MF, El Hani A Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Protective effects puffer of aqueous extract of Artemisia campestris puffer fish Lagocephalus lagocephalus extract-induced oxidative damage in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of an aqueous extract (5g/l) of A. campestris leaves and stems (AE), on oxidative damages induced by liver extract (LT) from poisonous fish Lagocephalus lagocephalus in wistar rats. AE was found to contain large amounts of K(+), Na(+), Ca(++) and significant antioxidant capacities highlighted by high level of polyphenols and scavenging activities for DPPH and superoxide anion. LT-injected rats (1ml/100g body wt) for 10 days showed (1) a reduced appetite and diarrhea resulting in a lower growth rate than controls, (2) a decrease in serum ALT and AST activitie...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 15, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Saoudi M, Allagui MS, Abdelmouleh A, Jamoussi K, El Feki A Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride induces pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used worldwide as a germicide, in antiseptics, and as a wood preservative, and can cause adverse pulmonary disease in humans. However, the pulmonary toxicity of DDAC has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Mice were intratracheally instilled with DDAC to the lung and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissues were collected to assess dose- and time-related pulmonary injury. Exposure to 1500mug/kg of DDAC caused severe morbidity with pulmonary congestive oedema. When the BAL fluid from survivors was examined on day 3 after treatment, exposure to 150mug/kg of DDAC...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ohnuma A, Yoshida T, Tajima H, Fukuyama T, Hayashi K, Yamaguchi S, Ohtsuka R, Sasaki J, Fukumori J, Tomita M, Kojima S, Takahashi N, Takeuchi Y, Kuwahara M, Takeda M, Kosaka T, Nakashima N, Harada T Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

ROS-mediated autophagy was involved in cancer cell death induced by novel copper(II) complex.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated autophagy induced in HeLa cells by copper(II) complex of ethyl 2-[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino] propionate ligand (ETDPA) (formula: [(ETDPA)Cu(phen)](ClO4)2 (abbreviated as LCu),a novel synthetic copper(II) complex whose DNA binding activity has been proved. Cell viability, autophagic levels and generation of ROS were evaluated following the exposure to LCu. LCu-induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was demonstrated by enhanced fluorescence intensity of monodansylcadervarine (MDC), as well as elevated expression of autophagy-related protein MAP-LC3. These phenomena were ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 13, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Guo WJ, Ye SS, Cao N, Huang J, Gao J, Chen QY Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Peroxisomes and peroxisomal disorders: The main facts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The importance of peroxisomes for human health is highlighted by the number of peroxisomal disorders (PDs), diseases associated to peroxisome biogenesis disorders and peroxisomal enzyme/transporter deficiencies. Currently, many physiological/biosynthetic mechanisms involved in these illnesses have been elucidated, but PDs remain incurable. This review examines the most important aspects concerning peroxisomes (i.e. peroxisome proliferation, peroxisome biogenesis, metabolic functions of mammalian peroxisomes) and presents the most significant trends and advances in the study of peroxisomal disorders. PMID: 19740638 ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 6, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Fidaleo M Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Toxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on the rat kidney: Involvement of oxidative stress and protective role of ascorbic acid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) to induce oxidative stress, changes in biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in the kidney of male rats and its possible attenuation by Vitamin C (vit C). Renal function, histopathology, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Exposure of rats to lambda-cyhalothrin, during 3 weeks, caused a significant increase in kidney MDA and protein carbonyl levels (p<0.01) as compared to controls. Co-administration of vitamin C was ef...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 4, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Fetoui H, Makni M, Mouldi Garoui E, Zeghal N Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Systemic pathological effects induced by cobra (Naja naja) venom from geographically distinct origins of Indian peninsula.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom from different geographical locations varied in its composition and biochemical, pharmacological and immunological properties. Recently it has been shown that the variation in composition of venom from different geographical origin of Indian peninsula is due to the quantitative difference in the same components and also the presence of different biochemical entities with respect to their origin. This disparity in venom composition may be due to several environmental factors. However, very little is known about the systemic effects on vital organs caused by the venom due to regional variat...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - September 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Shashidharamurthy R, Mahadeswaraswamy YH, Ragupathi L, Vishwanath BS, Kemparaju K Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Adverse effects of arsenic exposure on uterine function and structure in female rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present investigation examined the adverse effects of arsenic exposure on uterine function and structure of female rat at 56 days of age, exposed to different doses (50, 100, and 200ppm) of sodium arsenite in drinking water at immature age (28 days) for 28 days. Dose-dependent decrease (P<0.001) was observed in mean uterine weight and length in all treated groups compared to control. Higher arsenic deposition was found in uterine tissue against increased doses of arsenite. Arsenite treatment altered the histomormphology of the uterus. Uterine epithelium in 50ppm group was lined by cuboidal cells instead of colum...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - August 30, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Akram Z, Jalali S, Shami SA, Ahmad L, Batool S, Kalsoom O Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Estimation of Ochratoxin A in human blood of healthy Tunisian population.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human exposure to Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been investigated in many Mediterranean countries, where OTA was found with a higher frequency in foodstuffs and blood samples. The aim of this study was to assess OTA concentrations in human blood serum in Tunisia and to evaluate the impact of several factors (age, origin, sex) on these prevalence reference values. One hundred and seven blood serum samples from healthy subjects were analyzed using a solid-phase extraction linked to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. OTA values ranged from 0 to 3.43ng/mL with a mean value of 0.49+/-0.67ng/mL. OTA levels were...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - August 18, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Karima HK, Ridha G, Zied A, Chekib M, Salem M, Abderrazek H Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Phospholipidosis in healthy subjects participating in clinical studies: Ultrastructural findings in white blood cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lipid storage disorders and phospholipidosis share similar morphologic characteristics displayed as lamellar bodies at ultrastructural level. More than 50 cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs), including antidepressants, antianginal, antimalarial, and cholesterol-lowering agents, have been reported to induce phospholipidosis, however, the mechanism by which this occurs has not been extensively studied and is not well understood. Both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry recognized drug-induced phospholipidosis as a significant challenge for drug development. In a randomized, double-blind, ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - August 9, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Pospischil A, Walther P, Dingemanse J Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Subchronic exposure to arsenic trioxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in kidney tissue of mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To evaluate the oxidative DNA damage in kidney tissue of mice exposed to arsenic trioxide (As) subchronically, expression of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and pathologic changes were observed. Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 each (5 mice of each sex). Group 1 received drinking water alone (control). Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 1, 2 and 4mg/L arsenic trioxide, respectively. Arsenic trioxide was given through drinking water for 60 days. The expression of 8-OHdG in the kidney tissue of mice was analyzed observed in these 4 groups. The groups treated with As showed pathologic changes in the kidney...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - August 9, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Li Z, Piao F, Liu S, Wang Y, Qu S Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Toxicological evaluation of 10% Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill fruit consumption in the diet of growing rats: Hematological, biochemical and histopathological effects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill (Solanaceae) is a native shrub very common in the Brazilian savanna. The fruit of this plant contains steroidal glycoalkaloids that may disrupt the endocrine system. Because this plant is employed in folk medicine for the management of diabetes, obesity and decreasing cholesterol levels, the present study determined the possible toxic effects of exposure to S. lycocarpum fruit from weaning (21 days old) until adult age (8 weeks of treatment) in male and female rats. In male rats, the plant reduced weight gain, while few significant differences were observed in female animals. Slight signific...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - August 9, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Soares-Mota MR, Schwarz A, Bernardi MM, Maiorka PC, Spinosa HD Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Identification of genes involved in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats - A toxicogenomic investigation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For the application of microarray technology as an additional endpoint in toxicological studies, there is a need to understand associations between pathological processes and gene expression alterations. In the current study, we investigated gentamicin as a nephrotoxic model compound. Gene expression changes of the kidney in response to a dose of 80mg/kg gentamicin were analyzed by using DNA microarray technology and alterations in gene expression were associated with results from conventional histopathological investigations and with the described pathomechanisms of gentamicin. Under the conditions of our experiment, ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - August 4, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ozaki N, Matheis KA, Gamber M, Feidl T, Nolte T, Kalkuhl A, Deschl U Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Transient disruption of liver gap junctional intercellular communication and induction of apoptosis after administration of 1,4-bis[2-(3,5 dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin expression (Cx26 and Cx32) in mouse liver were studied after administration of 4-bis[2-(3,5 dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), a phenobarbital-like enzyme inducer. Female C57Bl/6 mice were administered TCPOBOP (5.8mg/kgBW) and euthanized 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours later. Liver samples were snap frozen, or fixed in formalin, or submitted to GJIC analysis. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and the Western blotting for Cx26 and Cx32 were performed. After 48 and 72h of drug administration the liver-to-body weight ratio was incre...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 31, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Fukumasu H, Sanches DS, da Silva TC, Ward JM, Dagli ML Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Effect of rapeseed peptide on DNA damage and apoptosis in Hela cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the effects of RSP on proliferation rate, morphological changes, DNA damage, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cells were investigated. RSP treatment at a concentration of 640mg/L for 4 days inhibited Hela cell proliferation significantly, as determined by the MTT assay. We observed a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity induced by RSP at 20-640mg/L. After 4 days of 320mg/L RSP treatment, typical apoptotic changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using the comet assay, we found dramatic comet tails, indicating DNA damage by RSP (20-640mg/L). M...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 26, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Xue Z, Liu Z, Wu M, Zhuang S, Yu W Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Radical scavenging abilities and hepatoprotective effect of [N, N'-Bis (salicylidene) ethane-1, 2-diaminato] oxovanadium (IV) complex in CCl(4)-treated rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The antioxidant activity of [N, N'-Bis (salicylidene) ethane-1, 2-diaminato] oxovanadium (IV) complex (VO-salen complex) was evaluated using different in vitro evaluating systems including superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) scavenging activities. In addition, the inhibitory effects of this compound on protein oxidation and inhibition of Fe(2+)/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation were studied using rat liver homogenate. In vitro results revealed that the VO-salen complex has strong inhibitory effects on protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation of the liver homogenate along with a concentration-...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 26, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Mohammadi M, Yazdanparast R Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

The effects of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, in experimental ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rat ovaries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, these results showed that iloprost has beneficial effect on the histological appearences in both the ipsilateral and contralateral rat ovaries after unilateral torsion-detorsion. PMID: 19631517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ozat M, Gungor T, Barun S, Demirogulları B, Sokmensuer LK, Gulbahar O, Gursoy D, Muftuoglu S Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Absence of chemopreventive influence of propolis on the rat liver altered foci development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Propolis (bee glue) is a complex mixture of natural substances that exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities. As the possibility exists that it may exert a chemopreventive role against cancer development, the present study aimed to evaluate the chemopreventive influence of a Brazilian aqueous propolis extract (APE) in a rat two-stage (initiation-promotion) medium-term bioassay for chemical liver carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were sequentially initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200mg/kgb.w.) and, 2 weeks later, exposed to a diet containing hexachlorobenzene (HCB, 100ppm) and to APE 0.1% through drinkin...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 20, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Said RA, Grassi TF, Scolastici C, Alves de Lima RO, Darros BR, Barbisan LF, de Camargo JL Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Biochemical evaluation of leachate-contaminated groundwater on the kidney of Albino rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of leachate-contaminated groundwater on the cells of the kidney was evaluated. Serum Na(+) concentration of control rats was observed to be 120+/-1.0nmol/l while that of rat placed on simulated leachate was 180+/-4.0nmol/l. Serum K(+), urea and creatinine concentrations of rats placed on simulated leachate and leachate-contaminated groundwater were significantly higher(p<0.05) than those of control rats. The activity of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the kidney and serum, respectively, observed for the control rats were (237+/-3.70 and 0.37+/-0.01)nmol/min/mg protein while (116+/-4.20 and 3.17+/-0.20)nmol/...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Adeyemi O, Oloyede OB, Oladiji AT Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Sub-chronic oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats with hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride towards the development of promising neutraceutical for oxygen deprivation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study evaluates the toxicity from sub-chronic administration of CoCl(2) (12.5mgcobaltkg(-1) BW for 7 days) to male Sprague-Dawley rats in view of the beneficial effects of CoCl(2) in animals and for developing efficacious therapeutic regimen in humans. 32 rats weighing 200+/-25g were used for all experiments. Blood was collected for hematological and biochemical analysis and various organs were dissected after perfusion of animals under anesthesia for other analyses. Mean feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency values were comparable across all study groups; however, hematological analysis depicted ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 17, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Shrivastava K, Bansal A, Singh B, Sairam M, Ilavazhagan G Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

An enhanced 13-week bioassay: An alternative to the 2-year bioassay to screen for human carcinogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The 2-year rodent bioassay has become the standard carcinogenicity screen for chemicals, despite concerns of costs, time, and excessive doses. More importantly, there are increasing concerns regarding its relevance to human carcinogenic risk, especially for non-DNA reactive chemicals. Cancer risk can be increased either by direct damage to DNA (DNA reactivity) or by increased cell proliferation. Utilizing the scientific basis for mode of action analysis in the framework that has been developed for extrapolating to human relevance, a short-term screen is proposed as a replacement for the 2-year bioassay. Chemicals are e...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 15, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Cohen SM Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Quercetin protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction by cadmium in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of the dietary flavonoid quercetin on cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity using biochemical and histopathological approaches. In experimental rats oral administration of CdCl(2) (5mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly induced renal damage which was evident from the increased levels of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine with a significant (p<0.05) decrease in creatinine clearance. Cd also significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine in urine. Cd-induced oxidative stress in kidney tissue was indicated by the increase...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Renugadevi J, Milton Prabu S Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

The distribution and characterization of skeletal muscle lesions in dysferlin-deficient SJL and A/J mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pathogenesis of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) dysferlinopathy remains to be investigated. The distribution and characterization of skeletal muscle lesions were examined in two different LGMD2B mouse models, SJL and A/J mice (at 10 and 35 weeks old), in association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. SJL mice showed an earlier age of onset and a faster progression of skeletal muscle lesions as compared with those of A/J mice; the sensitivity difference to muscular dystrophic lesions between SJL and A/J mice was observed in the lumbar muscles (particularly, lumbar longissimus and sublumbar m...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Kobayashi K, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Assessment of cell viability, lipid peroxidation and quantification of DNA fragmentation after the treatment of anticancerous drug mitomycin C and curcumin in cultured human blood lymphocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an antineoplastic agent used to fight a number of different cancers including cancer of the stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, breast, lung, uterus, cervix, bladder, head, neck, eye and oesophagus. It is a potent DNA cross-linker. The prolonged use of the drug may result in permanent bone marrow damage and other various types of secondary tumors in normal cells. The toxic effect of anticancerous drugs may be reduced if supplemented with natural antioxidants/plant products. With this view, the effect of 5, 10 and 15muM of curcumin was studied against the genotoxic doses of MMC, i.e. 10 and 20muM, in ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 13, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Siddique YH, Ara G, Beg T, Gupta J, Afzal M Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Global recognition of qualified toxicologic pathologists: Credential review as a potential route for recognizing the proficiency of pathologists involved in regulatory-type nonclinical studies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent international summits of the International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists (IFSTP) have debated the desirability and potential means by which the proficiency of an individual toxicologic pathologist might be recognized and communicated throughout the world. The present document describes the advantages and disadvantages of implementing such a global recognition system by any means, and provides a proposal whereby recognition might be accorded via rigorous credential review of a practitioner's education and experience. PMID: 19604680 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimenta...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 12, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ettlin RA, Bolon B, Pyrah I, Konishi Y, Black HE Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Chemopreventive effect of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. extract against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in experimental animals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study was aimed at evaluating the chemopreventive property of Cynodon dactylon. The antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of the plant were investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (NO(-)) and MTT assay on four cancer cell lines (COLO 320 DM, MCH-7, AGS, A549) and a normal cell line (VERO). In vivo chemopreventive property of the plant extract was studied in DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis. The methanolic extract of C. dactylon was found to be antiproliferative and antioxidative at lower concentrations and induced apoptotic cell ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 9, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Albert-Baskar A, Ignacimuthu S Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

A Letter to the Editor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19589666 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 6, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Kaufmann W, Krinke GJ, Nolte T Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Short-term increase of serum troponin I and serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in dogs following administration of formoterol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this paper, changes in serum levels of the cardiac biomarkers troponin I and the heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) following administration of a long-acting beta(2)-sympathicomimeticum (long-acting beta-agonist, LABA) to dogs were measured. We measured troponin I in dogs in a 4-week repeated-dose study with inhalative administration of formoterol (13mug/kgd) and a glucocorticoid/formoterol combination (143/16mug/kgd). The medians of troponin I increased within 3 days in both groups, far beyond the cut-off level (0.1mug/L), but returned to baseline levels on study day 9. The increase was more pronounced ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 3, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Strauss V, Wöhrmann T, Frank I, Hübel U, Luft J, Bode G, Germann PG Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by zerumbone in female Balb/c mice prenatally exposed to diethylstilboestrol: Involvement of mitochondria-regulated apoptosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: These findings showed that ZER induces apoptosis efficiently in cervical tissues from female Balb/c mice treated prenatally with diethylstilboestrol. This suggested that ZER, a plant-derived compound, could be introduced as a new chemo-preventive agent for CIN in future. PMID: 19581075 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 3, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Abdelwahab SI, Abdul AB, Devi N, Ehassan Taha MM, Al-Zubairi AS, Mohan S, Mariod AA Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Toxico-pathological changes induced by cypermethrin in broiler chicks: Their attenuation with Vitamin E and selenium.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ninety 1-day old broiler chicks of mixed gender (as hatched) procured from a local hatchery were randomly divided into five equal groups. All the treatments were given through crop tubing. Groups 1-4 received cypermethrin (CY) (600mgkg(-1)b. wt.) daily for 30 days. In addition to CY (group 1), groups 2-4 received Vit E (150mgkg(-1)b. wt.), Se (0.25mgkg(-1)b. wt.), and Vit E (150mgkg(-1)b. wt.)+Se (0.25mgkg(-1)b. wt.), respectively. Group 5 served as control andreceived normal saline (2mlkg(-1)b. wt.) for 30 days. Randomly selected six broiler chicks from each group were slaughtered at experimental days 10, 20 and 30 fo...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 3, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Aslam F, Khan A, Khan MZ, Sharaf S, Gul ST, Saleemi MK Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Hepatoprotective effects of Vernonia amygdalina (astereaceae) in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The possible modulatory effect of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MEVA), a plant widely consumed in the tropics and used locally in the treatment of fever, jaundice, stomach disorders and diabetes on the toxicity of CCl(4), was investigated in male rats. Oral administration of CCl(4) at a dose of 1.2g/kg body weight 3 times a week for 3 weeks significantly induced marked hepatic injury as revealed by increased activity of the serum enzymes ALT, AST, SALP and gamma-GT. Methanolic extract of V. amygdalina administered 5 times a week for 2 weeks before CCl(4) treatment at 250 and 500mg/kg doses of the extract a...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 3, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Adesanoye OA, Farombi EO Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of in vivo reproductive toxicity of potassium chromate in male mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To evaluate the effects of potassium chromate on mice sperm cells after a short-term exposure, male ICR-CD1 mice were administered with 5 or 10mgK(2)CrO(4)/bw for 4 consecutive days. One group of mice was sacrificed at day 5, starting from the beginning of the experiment and another group was sacrificed at day 35. Testis and epididymis histology was evaluated by light microscopy and testicular cells populations were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). Spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis and their morphology and several functional parameters (density, motility, viability, mitochondrial function, acrosome integ...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - July 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Oliveira H, Spanò M, Guevara MA, Santos TM, Santos C, Pereira MD Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

In vitro micronucleus assay for cigarette smoke using a whole smoke exposure system: A comparison of smoking regimens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this research is to investigate the MN-inducing activity of whole smoke (WS) and GVP using a whole smoke exposure system, CULTEX((R)), which allows direct exposure of cultured cells to native CS at the air/liquid interface (ALI). CS was generated according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO; 35ml, 2s, once per 60s) or the Health Canada Intensive (HCI; 55ml, 2s, once per 30s, with complete ventilation block) regimens and Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells were then exposed to this smoke. Dosages were adjusted according to the amount of smoke entering the actual exposure position. Un...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - June 25, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Okuwa K, Tanaka M, Fukano Y, Nara H, Nishijima Y, Nishino T Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Toxic effects of prolonged administration of leaves of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to goats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of dietary energy for humans and domestic animals in many tropical countries. However, consumption of cassava is limited by its characteristic content of cyanogenic glycosides. The present work aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of ingestion of cassava leaves by goats for 30 consecutive days, and to compare the results with the toxic effects of cyanide in goats, which have been described previously. Eight Alpine cross-bred female goats were divided into two equal groups, and were treated with ground frozen cassava leaves at a target dose of 6.0mg hydrogen cyanide (H...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - June 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Soto-Blanco B, Górniak SL Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals

Benzylpenicillin, acetylcysteine and silibinin as antidotes in human hepatocytes intoxicated with alpha-amanitin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was a comparative evaluation of benzylpenicillin (BPCN), acetylcysteine (ACC) and silibinin (SIL) as an antidotes in human hepatocytes intoxicated with alpha-amanitin (alpha-AMA). All experiments were performed on cultured human hepatocytes. Cytotoxicity evaluation of cultured cells using MTT assay and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was performed at 12, 24 and 48h of exposure to alpha-AMA and/or antidotes. The significant decline of cell viability and significant increase of LDH activity were observed in all experimental hepatocyte cultures after 12, 24 and 36h exposure to a...
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - June 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Magdalan J, Ostrowska A, Piotrowska A, Gomułkiewicz A, Podhorska-Okołów M, Patrzałek D, Szeląg A, Dzięgiel P Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: journals