Ethylene receptors in plants - why so much complexity?
Authors: Gallie DR
Abstract
Ethylene is a hormone involved in numerous aspects of growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Ethylene is perceived through its binding to endoplasmic reticulum-localized receptors that function as negative regulators of ethylene signaling in the absence of the hormone. In Arabidopsis thaliana, five structurally and functionally different ethylene receptors are present. These differ in their primary sequence, in the domains present, and in the type of kinase activity exhibited, which may suggest functional differences among the receptors. Whe...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - July 16, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
CORRIGENDUM TO: Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia.
Authors: Duhig KE, Shennan AH
Abstract
[This corrects the article , PMID: 25750742.].
PMID: 26171217 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: F1000 Medicine Reports)
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - July 16, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Liver X receptors and cholesterol metabolism: role in ventral midbrain development and neurodegeneration.
Authors: Theofilopoulos S, Arenas E
Abstract
The development of the ventral midbrain is orchestrated by a number of cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic factors that control critical processes, such as the patterning of the neural tube along the main body axis and the specification of diverse neuronal cell types in distinct positions of the neural tube. Subsequently, the regulation of neurogenesis and survival- acquire particular relevance in order to define the final size of diverse neuronal populations. In a series of studies during the last few years, we have identified liver X receptors (LXRs) as critical reg...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Memory CD8 T cell transcriptional plasticity.
Authors: Youngblood B, Hale JS, Ahmed R
Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells generated after acute viral infections or live vaccines can persist for extended periods, in some instances for life, and play an important role in protective immunity. This long-lived immunity is achieved in part through cytokine-mediated homeostatic proliferation of memory T cells while maintaining the acquired capacity for rapid recall of effector cytokines and cytolytic molecules. The ability of memory CD8 T cells to retain their acquired properties, including their ability to remain poised to recall effector functions, is a truly impr...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Recent advances in the prevention and management of preterm birth.
This article provides an update on the recent advances in prevention and management approaches available for women at risk of preterm birth.
PMID: 26097713 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: F1000 Medicine Reports)
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Chicken or the egg: Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Authors: Senyilmaz D, Teleman AA
Abstract
Compared with normal cells, cancer cells show alterations in many cellular processes, including energy metabolism. Studies on cancer metabolism started with Otto Warburg's observation at the beginning of the last century. According to Warburg, cancer cells rely on glycolysis more than mitochondrial respiration for energy production. Considering that glycolysis yields much less energy compared with mitochondrial respiration, Warburg hypothesized that mitochondria must be dysfunctional and this is the initiating factor for cancer formation. However, this hypothesis d...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Mitochondria and apoptosis: emerging concepts.
Authors: Li MX, Dewson G
Abstract
As mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, their damage during the cell suicide process of apoptosis is essentially responsible for cellular demise in most cells. A key family of proteins, the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family, determines the integrity of mitochondria in the face of apoptotic insult. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular details of how apoptosis is initiated and how it culminates is essential if apoptosis is to fulfil its undoubted potential as a therapeutic target to treat diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative conditions. Recent ...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
The problem of dropout from "gold standard" PTSD therapies.
Authors: Najavits LM
Abstract
Understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased substantially in the past several decades. There is now more awareness of the many different types of trauma that can lead to PTSD, greater refinement of diagnostic criteria, and the development and testing of various treatments for it. As implementation of PTSD therapies has increased, there is also increased attention to the key issues of retention and dropout. Retention refers to the percentage of patients who stay in a treatment for its intended dose, and dropout is the opposite (the percentage who leave p...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
Authors: Boyapati R, Satsangi J, Ho GT
Abstract
Significant progress in our understanding of Crohn's disease (CD), an archetypal common, complex disease, has now been achieved. Our ability to interrogate the deep complexities of the biological processes involved in maintaining gut mucosal homeostasis is a major over-riding factor underpinning this rapid progress. Key studies now offer many novel and expansive insights into the interacting roles of genetic susceptibility, immune function, and the gut microbiota in CD. Here, we provide overviews of these recent advances and new mechanistic themes, and addres...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Cochlear implantation: a biomechanical prosthesis for hearing loss.
Authors: Yawn R, Hunter JB, Sweeney AD, Bennett ML
Abstract
Cochlear implants are a medical prosthesis used to treat sensorineural deafness, and one of the greatest advances in modern medicine. The following article is an overview of cochlear implant technology. The history of cochlear implantation and the development of modern implant technology will be discussed, as well as current surgical techniques. Research regarding expansion of candidacy, hearing preservation cochlear implantation, and implantation for unilateral deafness are described. Lastly, innovative technology is discussed, including the hybr...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Recent advances in the entirely subcutaneous ICD System.
Authors: Bettin M, Reinke F, Rath B, Köbe J, Eckardt L
Abstract
The entirely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD(®)) is emerging as a widely accepted therapeutic alternative to a conventional implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for prevention of sudden cardiac death. Essentially, the S-ICD(®) is promising in terms of reduction of electrode-related complications such as lead failure and infections. The conventional transvenous ICD has proven efficacy in various randomized clinical trials. The first results of S-ICD(®) studies confirm efficacy and safety in primary and sec...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Non-native invasive species and novel ecosystems.
Authors: Simberloff D
Abstract
Invasions by non-native species have caused many extinctions and greatly modified many ecosystems and are among the major anthropogenic global changes transforming the earth. Beginning in the mid-1980s, a dramatic burst of research in invasion biology has revealed a plethora of previously unrecognized impacts and laid bare the scope of the phenomenon. Similarly, research on various methods of managing invasions has expanded enormously, yielding incremental improvements in traditional methods and the advent of several new approaches, including the use of species-specific genet...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
New insights into nucleolar structure and function.
Authors: Lam YW, Trinkle-Mulcahy L
Abstract
The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes. It is the quintessential 'RNA-seeded' nuclear body, forming around specific chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polymerase I-mediated transcription and regulated in mammalian cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Although the nucleolus is best known for its role in coordinating ribosome biogenesis, biochemical and proteomic analyses have revealed a much wider functional complexity ...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
From Darwin's Origin of Species toward a theory of natural history.
Authors: Boero F
Abstract
Darwin is the father of evolutionary theory because he identified evolutionary patterns and, with Natural Selection, he ascertained the exquisitely ecological ultimate processes that lead to evolution. The proximate processes of evolution he proposed, however, predated the discovery of genetics, the backbone of modern evolutionary theory. The later discovery of the laws of inheritance by Mendel and the rediscovery of Mendel in the early 20th century led to two reforms of Darwinism: Neo-Darwinism and the Modern Synthesis (and subsequent refinements). If Darwin's evolutionary though...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Advances in the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.
Authors: Sindi S, Mangialasche F, Kivipelto M
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, has reached epidemic proportions, with major social, medical and economical burdens. With no currently available curative treatments, both the World Health Organization and the G8 Dementia Summit recently identified dementia and AD prevention as a major public health priority. Dementia and AD have a wide range of risk factors (genetic, vascular/metabolic and lifestyle-related), which often co-occur and thus interact with each other. Previous intervention efforts aimed at preventing dementia and A...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
