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Outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients with non-V600E BRAF mutations: a series of case reports and literature review
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer. The standard first-line therapy for patients without oncogenic driver metastatic NSCLC is anti PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with platinum-based chemotherapy. Approximately 4% of NSCLC patients harbor BRAF mutations; the V600E mutation is the most common. Non-V600 mutations is an heterogeneous population and account for approximately 50% of BRAF-mutated NSCLC. BRAF mutations are classified into 3 functional classes based on their kinase activity and their signaling mechanism. Th...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Potential use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and prevention method in viral infection
Microb Cell Fact. 2024 Mar 25;23(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s12934-024-02355-8.ABSTRACTCellular lipid membranes serve as the primary barrier preventing viral infection of the host cell and provide viruses with a critical initial point of contact. Occasionally, viruses can utilize lipids as viral receptors. Viruses depend significantly on lipid rafts for infection at virtually every stage of their life cycle. The pivotal role that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) plays in cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis, primarily by post-transcriptionally regulating hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) ...
Source: Atherosclerosis - March 26, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Khursheed Muzammil Mohammad Hosseini Hooshiar Shirin Varmazyar Thabit Moath Omar Manal Morad Karim Sadeq Aadi Shaylan Kalavi Saman Yasamineh Source Type: research

Regulatory Issues of Platform Trials: Learnings from EU-PEARL
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2024 Mar 26. doi: 10.1002/cpt.3244. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAlthough platform trials have many benefits, the complexity of these designs may result not only in increased methodological but also regulatory and ethical challenges. These aspects were addressed as part of the IMI project EU Patient-Centric Clinical Trial Platforms (EU-PEARL). We reviewed the available guidelines on platform trials in the European Union and the United States. This is supported and complemented by feedback received from regulatory interactions with the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. ...
Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics - March 26, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Quynh Lan Nguyen Katharina Hees Sabina Hernandez Penna Franz K önig Martin Posch Marta Bofill Roig Elias Laurin Meyer Michaela Maria Freitag Tom Parke Maximilian Otte Hans-Peter Dauben Tobias Mielke Cecile Spiertz Peter Mesenbrink Madhavi Gidh-Jain Suzan Source Type: research

Level of aflatoxins in dairy feeds, poultry feeds, and feed ingredients produced by feed factories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The objective of this study was to detect and quantify the level of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2, and total aflatoxin) in dairy feeds, poultry (layer and broiler) feeds, and feed ingredients produced in Addis Ababa. A total of 42 feeds and feed ingredients consisting of dairy feeds (n = 5), poultry broiler feeds (n = 6), layer feeds (n = 6), and feed ingredients (n = 25) were collected from feed factories in the city and analyzed in fresh weigh basis. The aflatoxins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography after clean-up with immunoaffinity columns. Aflatoxin B1 levels in feeds ranged from 5...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - March 26, 2024 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Long-lasting, injectable HIV prevention drug set for “aggressive” roll-out in Africa
Tools to fight HIV tend to come late to sub-Saharan Africa, the region hardest hit by the epidemic. After powerful, lifesaving cocktails of HIV drugs came to market in 1996, it took 7 years before they began to reach large numbers of people living with the virus there. When pills to prevent, rather than treat, HIV infection were introduced in 2012—a strategy known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)—Africa was again slow to benefit. But with the next revolution in HIV prevention—an injectable, long-lasting version of PrEP—Africans may actually soon lead the pack. Not many people in rich countries have started ...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - March 25, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Current Role and Status for Intratumoral Injection Therapies in Metastatic Melanoma
Cancer J. 2024 Mar-Apr 01;30(2):108-112. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000709.ABSTRACTIntratumoral therapies represent a unique avenue for drug development in melanoma as patients often have accessible lesions that are particularly amenable to these approaches. In addition, a majority of intratumoral therapies have focused on stimulating antitumor immune responses, making them a particularly attractive option for use in melanoma. In this review, we describe applications for talimogene laherparepvec, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved intratumoral therapy in melanoma, as well as several classes of intratumoral therapie...
Source: Cancer Journal - March 25, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alexandra M Haugh Adil I Daud Source Type: research

Melanoma-Modern Treatment for Metastatic Melanoma
Cancer J. 2024 Mar-Apr 01;30(2):79-83. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000707.ABSTRACTTraditional chemotherapy has been ineffective in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Until the use of checkpoint inhibitors, patients had very limited survival. Since the original US Food and Drug Administration approval of ipilimumab over a decade ago, the armamentarium of immunotherapeutic agents has expanded to include programmed cell death protein 1 and lymphocyte activation gene 3 antibodies, requiring a nuanced approach to the selection of frontline treatments, managing patients through recurrence and progression, and determining lengt...
Source: Cancer Journal - March 25, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Maya Dimitrova Jeffrey Weber Source Type: research