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620 records returned

Glycine reduces cadmium-induced alterations in the viability and activation of macrophage U937 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the effect of glycine on cadmium-induced alterations on the viability and activation of the cell line U-937. In this experiment, U-937 cells were pre-treated with 16 M cadmium (as cadmium chloride). These cadmium-treated cells were later incubated with or without glycine (1 M - 16M). After 72 h, it was revealed that glycine significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the tendency of cadmium to reduce the viability of the cells. U-937 cells were also treated with phorbol, 12-myristate, 13-acetate to enhance their transition to the macrophage form. Thereafter, the cells were treated with cadmium with or witho...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 12, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Okoko T, Awhin EP Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Pyrogallol-induced calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cell death via caspase-dependent apoptosis and GSH depletion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, PG inhibited the growth of ECs, especially CPAEC via caspase-dependent apoptosis and GSH depletion. PMID: 19913593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 11, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Han YH, Park WH Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Utilization of membrane filtration for preconcentration and determination of Cu(II) and Pb(II) in food, water and geological samples by atomic absorption spectrometry.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A method for separation-preconcentration of Cu(II) and Pb(III) ions by membrane filtration has been presented. The analyte ions were collected on acetate membrane filter as their 1-2-pyridylazo 2-naphtol (PAN) complexes. The analytes were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The analytical parameters including pH, eluent type, sample volume, amount of PAN, etc. were examined in order to gain quantitative recoveries of analyte ions. The effects of foreign ions on the recoveries of analyte ions were also investigated. The detection limits by 3 sigma were found to be 1.2 and 3.5 mug L(-1) for Cu(II) and Pb(...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 10, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Soylak M, Unsal YE, Kizil N, Aydin A Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Brown alga Ecklonia cava attenuates type 1 diabetes by activating AMPK and AKT signaling pathways.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The antidiabetic therapeutic effect of Ecklonia cava, a brown alga, was investigated using streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rats and C2C12 myoblasts. The methanol extract of E. cava (ECM), having a strong radical scavenging activity, significantly reduced plasma glucose level and increased insulin concentration in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats. Moreover, the elevation of plasma ALT in diabetic rats was dramatically restored near to normal range by the treatment of ECM, whereas AST level was not meaningfully altered in any group throughout the experiment. The characteristic indications of diabetes, such a...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 10, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Kang C, Jin YB, Lee H, Cha M, Sohn ET, Moon J, Park C, Chun S, Jung ES, Hong JS, Kim SB, Kim JS, Kim E Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Wen-pi-tang-Hab-Wu-ling-san reduces ureteral obstructive renal fibrosis by the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, WHW prevented kidney fibrosis following UUO by the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. PMID: 19913069 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 10, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Jung KJ, Kim J, Park YK, Yoon YR, Park KM Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Attenuation of acute and chronic restraint stress-induced perturbations in experimental animals by Zingiber officinale Roscoe.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Zingiber officinale was investigated on anoxia stress tolerance test in Swiss mice. The animals were also subjected to acute physical stress (swimming endurance test) to gauge the antistress potential of the extract. Further to evaluate the antistress activity of Zingiber officinale in chronic stress condition, fresh Wistar rats were subjected to cold restraint stress (4 degrees for 2 h) for 10 days. Stimulation of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis in stressful condition alters plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN and corticosterone levels. There is also alteration in the bl...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 9, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Lakshmi BV, Sudhakar M Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Chemical composition, antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil and its safety assessment as plant based antimicrobial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study deals with the efficacy of Ocimum sanctum essential oil (EO) and its major component, eugenol against the fungi causing biodeterioration of food stuffs during storage. Ocimum sanctum EO and eugenol were found efficacious in checking growth of Aspergillus flavus NKDHV8; and, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were recorded as 0.3 and 0.2 mul ml(-1), respectively. The O. sanctum EO and eugenol also inhibited the aflatoxin B(1) production completely at 0.2 and 0.1 mul ml(-1), respectively. Both of these were found superior over some prevalent synthetic antifungals and exhibited broad fungitoxic spect...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 9, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Kumar A, Shukla R, Singh P, Dubey NK Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Physico-chemical, microbiological and antimicrobial properties of commercial honeys from Portugal.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study aimed to characterize five commercial honeys available in the portuguese market in respect to their floral origins, physicochemical parameters and microbial safety and commercial quality assessment. Pollen profile, colour, moisture content, ash, acidity, electrical conductivity, pH, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose and HMF were the parameters analysed in each honey sample. Aerobic mesophiles, moulds and yeasts, fecal coliforms and sulphite-reducing clostridia were the microbial contaminants of interest studied. The antimicrobial effect against four fermentative yeasts was determined. Concerning the p...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 9, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Gomes S, Dias LG, Moreira LL, Rodrigues P, Estevinho L Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Effect of the herbicide pendimethalin on rat uterine weight and gene expression and in silico receptor binding analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The endocrine disrupting potential of the herbicide pendimethalin was investigated in vivo on the uterotrophic response and on the expression of estrogen-regulated genes examined by quantitative real-time RT PCR. Receptor binding characteristics of pendimethalin were analyzed by an in silico method. Pendimethalin (150, 225, 300, 600 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage to immature female rats for 3 days, with ethinylestradiol (0.001 mg/kg/day) as positive control. Pendimethalin caused a small but significant increase in absolute uterine weight at and above 300 mg/kg/day and in relative uterine weight at 600 mg/kg...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 5, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Undeğer U, Schlumpf M, Lichtensteiger W Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Antidiabetic and anti hyper lipidemic activity of ethyl acetate: Isopropanol (1:1) fraction of Vernonia anthelmintica seeds in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ethanolic extract prepared from the seeds of V. anthelmintica was evaluated for its antihyperglycemic activity in STZ (Streptozotocin) induced diabetic rats. Administration of ethanolic extract at a dosage of 0.50 g/kg bw produced the maximum fall (82%) in the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats after 6 h of treatment. Bioassay-directed fractionation using silica gel column chromatography was performed. Among the five fractions (A1, B1, C1, A2 and B2) obtained, of an initial chromatographic separation of the ethanolic extract, fraction A2 (100 mg/kg bw) showed the maximum antihyperglycemic activity which is significa...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 4, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Fatima SS, Rajasekhar MD, Kumar KV, Kumar MT, Babu KR, Rao CA Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Effect of Ferrous sulphate on Aspartate and Alanine aminotransferases of Brain of Tilapia mossambica.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Iron in the form of ferrous sulphate coming from sources such as mines, writing inks, blue pigments, dyeing industries, photography, medicine, deodorizers, disinfectants, fungicides and molluscides etc. contributes in elevating ferrous sulphate of water bodies. The present study investigated the action of ferrous sulphate on the local fish Tilapia mossambica. Tilapia exposed to 0.001g/L ferrous sulphate for thirty days showed reduction of cytosolic AST and ALT activities of cerebral cortex by 35.4 % and 29.1 % respectively while exposure to 0.01 % ferrous sulphate promoted 49.2 % and 38.4% reduction of AST and ALT acti...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 31, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Nunes ES, Desai SN, Desai PV Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetics of sulfaclozine in broiler chickens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, fourteen 30-day-old, male broiler chickens were used. Two groups, each comprising 7 animals, were established. While each animal included in the first group was administered sulfaclozine at a dose of 60 mg/kg.bw by intravenous route (IV), group 2 was administered sulfaclozine at the same dose but by intracrop route (IC). In group 1, serum sulfaclozine concentrations at 0.083, 0.50, 2, 6, 24 and 72 hours were determined to be 99.62+/-3.31 mug/ml, 83.50+/-4.22 mug/ml, 72.68+/-5.02 mug/ml, 58.43+/-5.39 mug/ml, 38.66+/-4.04 mug/ml and 13.14+/-1.64 mug/ml, respectively, via HPLC. In group 2, serum drug concentrat...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 31, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Sentepe I, Eraslan G Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Acute Toxicologic and Neurotoxic Effects of Inhaled 1, 2-Dichloroethane in Adult Fischer 344 Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute toxicologic and neurotoxic effects were evaluated in Fischer 344 rats exposed to 0, 50, 200, 600, or 2000 ppm 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride; EDC) for 4 hr or 0, 50, 100 or 150 ppm for 8 hr. Neurobehavioral and neuropathologic effects were assessed using a functional observational battery (FOB; baseline, days 1, 8, and 15), and by light microscopy, respectively. Acute toxicologic effects were assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and histopathology of the respiratory tract and selected target organs. Neurobehavioral effects consistent with central nervous system (CNS) depression were present at concen...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 31, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Hotchkiss JA, Andrus AK, Johnson KA, Krieger SM, Woolhiser MR, Maurissen JP Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Hepatotoxicity of High Oral Dose (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been studied for chronic disease preventive effects, and is marketed as part of many dietary supplements. However, case reports have associated the use of green tea-based supplements with liver toxicity. We studied the hepatotoxic effects of high dose EGCG in male CF-1 mice. A single dose of EGCG (1500 mg/kg, i.g.) increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 138-fold and reduced survival by 85%. Once-daily dosing with EGCG increased hepatotoxic response. Plasma ALT levels were increased 184-fold following two once-daily doses of 750 mg/kg, i.g. EGCG. M...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 30, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Lambert JD, Kennett MJ, Sang S, Reuhl KR, Ju J, Yang CS Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Inhibitory effects of polyphenols on human cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2C9 activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we systematically evaluated the inhibitory effects of 60 polyphenols and related compounds on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and CYP2C9 activity by in vitro assay to investigate whether some polyphenols induce drug interactions. In addition, the kinetics of potent CYP inhibitors was investigated by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. Three coumarins and 12 flavonoids significantly suppressed CYP3A4 or CYP2C9 activities. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis indicated that apigenin and its dimer amentoflavone and imperatorin displayed a mixed type of inhibition on CYP3A4 or CYP2C9. Among the inhibitors, amentoflavone was...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 30, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Kimura Y, Ito H, Ohnishi R, Hatano T Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Protective effect of Solanum torvum on Doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of the study was to determine the protective effect of S.torvum on doxorubicin -induced nephrotoxicity in rats using biochemical and histopathological approaches. Oxidative stress is the main factor in Doxorubicin (DOX) induced nephrotoxicity. Wistar rats received either DOX (67.75 mg/kg, i.v, 2 days before sacrifice) or Solanum torvum (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) prior to DOX treatment or S. torvum (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) extract alone for 4 weeks. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the abnormal levels of serum c...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 30, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Mohan M, Kamble S, Gadhi P, Kasture S Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Human cancer cell antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Juglans regia L.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Walnuts contain several phenolic compounds which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. The present study reports the total phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of methanolic and petroleum ether extracts obtained from walnut (Juglans regia L) seed, green husk and leaf. The total phenolic contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activities assessed by the ability to quench th...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 30, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Carvalho M, Ferreira PJ, Mendes VS, Silva R, Pereira JA, Jerónimo C, Silva BM Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

A preconcentration procedure for copper, nickel and chromium ions in Some Food and Environmental Samples on modified Diaion SP-850.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A sensitive and simple method for the simultaneous preconcentration of trace amount of Cu(2+), Ni(2+) and Cr(3+) ions in some real samples has been reported. In this method these elements are adsorped as respective complex with Bis(2-hydroxyacetophenone)-1,2- propane diimine (BHAPPDI) on Diaion SP-850 and the retained metal ions are eluted using 8 ml of 4 M nitric acid. The influences of the analytical parameters including pH, solid phase ingredients amount and condition of eluting solution and sample volume were investigated. The effects of matrix ions on retentions of the analytes were also examined. The recoveries o...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 30, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Shokrolahi A, Ghaedi M, Shabani R, Montazerozohori M, Chehreh F, Soylak M, Alipour S Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Allium sativum L. extract prevents methyl mercury-induced cytotoxicity in peripheral blood leukocytes (LS).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is involved in purine metabolism and plays a significant role in the immune system. The focus of this investigation was to examine the effects of low concentrations of organic mercury on ADA activity in human leukocytes and to investigate the relationship between these effects and cell death. We have examined the protective potential effects of Allium sativum extract (GaE) against Methylmercury (MeHg)-induced cytotoxic effects on human leucocytes under in vitro conditions. MeHg (0.05 - 10 muM) significantly decreased leukocyte viability(58.97% for MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 28, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Abdalla FH, Bellé LP, De Bona KS, Bitencourt PE, Pigatto AS, Moretto MB Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Rat Medium-Term Multi-Organ Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Agaricus blazei Murrill Fruit-Body Extract.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, Agaricus blazei Murrill fruit-body extract, even at a GABA level up to 12 mg/kg, did not exert modifying potential in the present medium-term multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay in male F344 rats (DMBDD method). PMID: 19879310 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 28, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Doi Y, Furukawa F, Suguro M, Ito H, Imai N, Nabae K, Toda Y, Inatomi S, Kinugasa S, Kobayashi H Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

28-day oral toxicity study in rats with high purity barley beta-glucan (Glucagel).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, feeding Glucagel at dietary levels up to 10% for 28 days was tolerated without any signs of toxicity. This dietary level was equivalent to 7.7 g Glucagel (5.8 g beta-glucan)/kg body weight/day in male rats and 7.8 g Glucagel (5.9 g beta-glucan)/ kg body weight/day in female rats. PMID: 19879311 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 28, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Jonker D, Hasselwander O, Tervilä-Wilo A, Tenning PP Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Effects of food processing on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: a meta-analysis approach.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pesticides are widely used in food production to increase food security despite the fact that they can have negative health effects on consumers. Pesticide residues have been found in various fruits and vegetables; both raw and processed. One of the most common routes of pesticide exposure in consumers is via food consumption. Most foods are consumed after passing through various culinary and processing treatments. A few literature reviews have indicated the general trend of reduction or concentration of pesticide residues by certain methods of food processing for a particular active ingredient. However, no review has ...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 28, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Keikotlhaile BM, Spanoghe P, Steurbaut W Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus inhibits Chromium(VI)-induced toxicity in MDA-MB-435S cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thon. against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative toxicity in vitro in MDA-MB-435S human breast carcinoma cells, along with an estimation of its antioxidant potential, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and determination of its polyphenolic composition. The extract showed significant (P<0.05) potential in scavenging free radicals (DPPH() and ABTS(+)) and Fe(+3), and in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. A distinct decline in Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity was noticed in MDA-MB-435S cells with an increase in extract dosage. Furthermore, the extract proved...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 26, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Guha G, Rajkumar V, Kumar RA, Mathew L Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Combination of curcumin and green tea catechins prevents dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The chemopreventive effects of curcumin and green tea catechins individually and in combination on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis were studied in male Wister rats following 32 weeks of dietary treatment. The incidence, number and size of colorectal cancer were measured. Colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were analyzed by methylene blue staining. Proliferation indices and apoptotic indices were determined by PCNA immunostaining and TUNEL assay respectively. The results showed that dietary curcumin, catechins and combination administration significantly inhibited the total number of ACF per ra...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 24, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Xu G, Ren G, Xu X, Yuan H, Wang Z, Kang L, Yu W, Tian K Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Ameliorative Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam Seed Extract on Liver Fibrosis in Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringa.) seed extract on liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by the oral administration of 20% carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), twice weekly and for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, Moringa oleifera Lam seed extract (1g/kg) was orally administered daily. The biochemical and histological results showed that Moringa reduced liver damage as well as symptoms of liver fibrosis. The administration of Moringa seed extract decreased the CCl(4)-induced elevation of serum aminotransferase activities and globulin level. The elevations of hepatic hydroxyproline c...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 22, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Hamza AA Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

0Risk assessment of pesticides and heavy metals contaminants in vegetables: A bioassay method using Daphnia magna Straus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cucumber and potato samples of known levels of pesticides and heavy metal residues, as respectively measured by gas chromatography and atomic absorption, were subjected to a bioassay method using Daphnia magna in order to assess the potential of the toxic hazard of their contaminants. Based on the estimated lethal time for 50% mortality (LT50) in daphnids, we suggested a classification to categorize toxic hazards in 6 definite ratings. Either samples of cucumbers (from conventional, greenhouse and organic farming) or potatoes (from conventional and organic farming) were evaluated for toxic hazard of the mixtures of pes...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 21, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Mansour SA, Gad MF Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

A Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Almond Skins in Ratss.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Almond skins have been suggested to have some potential benefits. To investigate the subchronic toxicity of almond skins, a 90-feeding study was conducted in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (20 rats/sex/group) and received a diet containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10% (w/w) almond skins for 90 days. Daily clinical observations and weekly measurement of body weights and food consumption were conducted. Ophthalmic examinations were performed at pretest and termination. Blood samples were obtained on day 46 and day 91 for the measurement of hematology, coagulation and clinical chemistry parameters...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 21, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Song Y, Wang W, Cui W, Zhang X, Zhang W, Xiang Q, Liu Z, Li N, Jia X Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Comparative 90-day dietary study of paraffin wax in Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19853635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 21, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Griffis LC, Twerdok LE, Francke-Carroll S, Biles RW, Schroeder RE, Bolte H, Faust H, Hall WC, Rojko J Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Comparative study of quality characteristics of meju, a Korean soybean fermentation starter, made by soybeans germinated under dark and light conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dark and light conditions on the quality characteristics of whole soybean meju, a Koran soybean fermentation starter, made by germinated soybeans. The sprouting rates of soybeans under dark and light conditions after 24 h were 25.6 +/- 1.2% and 20.5 +/- 1.5%, respectively and reaching to a level of 99.4 +/- 0.4% and 98.9 +/- 0.5%, respectively at 60 h. The pH, moisture contents and amino type nitrogen contents had no significant differences under dark and light conditions, however, the contents were significantly different as compared to control. Also the there was a signi...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 21, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Choi UK, Bajpai VK Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Modulatory role of Alizarin from Rubia cordifolia L. against genotoxicity of mutagens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae) is an important medicinal plant used in the Ayurvedic medicinal system. Its use as a traditional therapeutic has been related to the treatment of skin disorders and cancer. Besides its medicinal value, anthraquinones from this plant are used as natural food colourants and as natural hair dyes. Dyes derived from natural sources have emerged as important alternatives to synthetic dyes. Alizarin (1, 2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) was isolated and characterized from Rubia cordifolia L. and evaluated for its antigenotoxic potential against a battery of mutagens viz. 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 20, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Kaur P, Chandel M, Kumar S, Kumar N, Singh B, Kaur S Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Protective effect of Corchorus olitorius leaves on sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in experimental rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves (AECO) against sodium arsenite induced toxicity in experimental rats. The animals exposed to sodium arsenite at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight p.o. for 10 days exhibited a significant inhibition (p < 0.01) of hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In addition, arsenic intoxication significantly decreased (p < 0.01) the level of reduced glutathione and increased (p < 0.01) the levels ...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 20, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Das AK, Bag S, Sahu R, Dua TK, Sinha MK, Gangopadhyay M, Zaman K, Dewanjee S Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of essential oil from Ocimum viride towards COLO 205 Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the apoptosis inducing effect of essential oil (EO) from aerial parts of Ocimum viride in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (COLO 205 cell line). The COLO 205 cells were exposed to 0.0125 - 0.1 mul/ml of EO for 24, 48 and 72 h. Growth inhibition was determined by sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. Double staining with Acridine orange and Ethidium bromide for nuclear changes was performed. Cell cycle analysis and change in mitochondrial membrane potential was quantified by flow cytometry. Subsequently, using annexin V/PI assay, the proportion of cells actively undergoing apoptosis was determined. Changes...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 20, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Sharma M, Agrawal SK, Sharma PR, Chadha BS, Khosla MK, Saxena AK Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Exposure of newborns to aflatoxin M(1) and B(1) from mothers' breast milk in ankara, turkey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aflatoxins (AFs) are important risks for human health due to their widespread presence in foods and environment. However, contamination risk of breast milk with different pollutants including AFs is high in today's life conditions. Since breast milk is a major nutrient for infants, feeding of infants with safe milk is essential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the levels of AF M(1) and B(1) in breast milk samples collected from 75 mothers in Ankara, Turkey. AF M(1) and B(1) levels were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector following an extract...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 19, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Gürbay A, Sabuncuoğlu SA, Girgin G, Sahin G, Yiğit S, Yurdakök M, Tekinalp G Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Estimation of honey authenticity by multielements characteristics using inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with chemometrics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study revealed that CA and PCA analysis appear useful tools for differentiation of honey samples authenticity using the profile of mineral content and they highlighed the relationship between the elements distribution and honey type. PMID: 19840827 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 15, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Chudzinska M, Baralkiewicz D Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Effects of Areca catechu L. Containing Procyanidins on Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression In Vitro and In Vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, ANE, which contains catechins based oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins, regulates COX-2 expression in vitro and possess anti-inflammatory potential in vivo. PMID: 19840828 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 15, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Huang PL, Chi CW, Liu TY Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Free radical scavenging activity from leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex Delile, an Indian medicinal tree.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study compares the two extraction methods and evaluates the free radical scavenging activity of Acacia nilotica. Results indicated that the sequential extraction method was effective in concentrating the active principles in the ethanol extract as compared to the maceration method in DPPH assay. Based on the results, free radical scavenging property of the extracts obtained from sequential extraction method was analyzed in different assays to find out the possible antioxidant mechanism. Our results indicate that ethanol extract rich in phenolic and flavonoid contents had potent antioxidant activity and were...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 14, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Kalaivani T, Mathew L Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Benzene in Infant Carrot Juice: Further Insight into Formation Mechanism and Risk Assessment including Consumption Data from the DONALD Study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study shows that carrot juice contains substances such as beta-carotene, phenylalanine or terpenes that may act as precursors for benzene formation during food processing. As benzene exposure has been associated with childhood leukaemia and other cancers, this study aimed to provide a quantitative risk assessment. To accomplish this, we used measured food consumption data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study, along with survey data on benzene in different juice categories. The calculated exposures for infants between 3 and 12 months were low, with averages between 1 a...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 12, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Lachenmeier DW, Kuballa T, Reusch H, Sproll C, Kersting M, Alexy U Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

The effects of MAPK inhibitors on pyrogallol-treated Calu-6 lung cancer cells in relation to cell growth, reactive oxygen species and glutathione.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pyrogallol (PG) as a polyphenol compound can generate superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)). Here, we investigated the effects of PG and/or MAPK inhibitors on Calu-6 lung cells in relation to cell growth, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH levels. PG inhibited the growth of Calu-6 cells and induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; DeltaPsi(m)). While general ROS were decreased in PG-treated Calu-6 cells at 72 hours, intracellular O(2)(*-) level including mitochondrial O(2)(*-) was increased. PG also increased GSH depleted cell number in Calu-6 cells. MEK inhibi...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 11, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Han YH, Moon HJ, You BR, Park WH Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 is required for cordycepin-mediated induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest via p21WAF1 expression in human colon cancer cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) has many anti-cancer properties. However, neither its molecular mechanism nor its molecular targets are well understood. In the present study, we investigated novel molecular mechanisms for the anti-tumor effects of cordycepin in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. After treatment of cells with cordycepin, dose-dependent cell growth inhibition was observed at an IC(50) value of 200 muM. Cordycepin treatment resulted in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which was associated with increased p21WAF1 levels and reduced amounts of cyclin B1, Cdc2, and Cdc25c in a p53-independent pathway. Moreover, cor...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 11, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Lee SJ, Moon GS, Jung KH, Kim WJ, Moon SK Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Determination of toxic perilla ketone, secondary plant metabolites and antioxidative capacity in five Perilla frutescens L. varieties.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional Asian crop with multiple uses. Several varieties exist but only little data is available about the content of the toxic perilla ketone and secondary plant metabolites of those genotypes. To estimate the nutritional value of this new vegetable more information about those components is necessary. We investigated five genotypes of Perilla frutescens L. to determine their content of PK, phenolics, carotenoids and AC. AC was examined using ABTS-decolorization assay and lipid peroxidation assay. Carotenoids were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis, phenolics were quantified by m...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 11, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Müller-Waldeck F, Sitzmann J, Schnitzler WH, Graßmann J Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

The role of vitamin C as antioxidant in protection of oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity of imidacloprid toward male mice and the oxidative stress of the sublethal dose (1/10 LD(50)) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and activities of the antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Also, the protective effect of vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw) 30 minutes before or after administration of imidacloprid were investigated. The results demonstrated that the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of imidaclopr...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 11, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: El-Gendy KS, Aly NM, Mahmoud FH, Kenawy A, El-Sebae AK Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Bayesian modelling of long-term dietary intakes from multiple sources.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a new statistical method for estimating this distribution, based on dietary survey data for multiple food types and residue monitoring data. The model allows for between-food correlations in both frequency and amounts of consumption. Three case studies are presented based on consumption data for UK children, considering the distribution of daily intakes of pyrimethanil, captan and chlorpyrifos aggregated over 4, 6 and 10 food types respectively. We compared three alternative approaches, each using a Bayesian approach to quantify uncertainty: (i) A multivariate model that explicitly includes correlation parameter...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 7, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Kennedy MC Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Attenuation of cytogenetic effects by erythropoietin in human lymphocytes in vitro and P388 ascites tumor cells in vivo treated with irinotecan (CPT-11).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a protein widely used against drug induced anemia at cancer patients. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a genotoxic topoisomerase I inhibitor. We investigated the genotoxic, cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of EPO in the presence and in the absence of CPT-11 in human lymphocytes in vitro and in ascites cells of P388 leukemia in vivo. The levels of genotoxicity, cytostaticity and cytotoxicity were evaluated in human lymphocytes in vitro, and in P388 ascites tumor cells in vivo. The results show that EPO is not genotoxic. Unlikely to EPO, CPT-11 caused severe genotoxic, cytostatic and cytotoxic effects by si...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 7, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Digkas E, Kareli D, Chrisafi S, Passadaki T, Mantadakis E, Hatzimichail A, Vargemezis V, Lialiaris T Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

6-Shogaol inhibits monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation-an in vivo and in vitro study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gout is a rheumatic disease that is manifestated by an intense inflammation secondary to monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints. In the present study, we assessed the effect of 6-shogaol (isolated active principle from ginger) on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice; an experimental model for gouty arthritis and compared it with that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-alpha were determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. The le...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 7, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Sabina EP, Rasool M, Mathew L, Ezilrani P, Indu H Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of genotoxic effects of semicarbazide on cultured human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Semicarbazide (SEM) belongs to the hydrazine family of chemicals, some members of which are known to possess carcinogenic potential. Information on the potential hazard of SEM itself is incomplete and the possibility that it is genotoxic cannot be ruled out. SEM is widely used as a residue marker for the banned veterinary drug nitrofurazone. Also, it occurs as a break-down product of azodicarbonamide (ADC), a chemical used as a flour treatment. Furthermore, it may form as a reaction product of hypochlorite action on food additives. In the present study, we investigated the possible genotoxic effects of SEM with respect...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 7, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Vlastos D, Moshou H, Epeoglou K Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Oxidative Stress and Immunotoxic Effects of Lead and Their Amelioration with Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) Emulsion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The possible role of Commiphora molmol emulsion (CME) in protecting against lead (PbAc)-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in rabbits was assessed. Six groups of animals were used: groups I (control) and II (PbAc) were not supplemented with CME. Groups III (CME50) and IV (CME50+PbAc) were administered with CME in a dose rate of 50 mg/kg bwt, while groups V (CME100) and VI (CME100+PbAc) were received 100 mg CME/kg bwt daily p.o for successive 14 weeks. Groups II, IV and VI were given 80 mg PbAc/kg bwt/day orally for 6 weeks starting from the 9(th) week. At the 12(th) week, animals were subjected...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 6, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Ashry KM, El-Sayed YS, Khamiss RM, El-Ashmawy IM Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Application of the Margin of Exposure (MoE) Approach to Substances in Food that are Genotoxic and Carcinogenic EXAMPLE: Benzo[a]pyrene and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents the work of an expert group established by the International Life Sciences Institute - European branch (ILSI Europe) to follow up the recommendations of an international conference on "Risk Assessment of Compounds that are both Genotoxic and Carcinogenic: New Approaches". Twelve genotoxic and carcinogenic chemicals that can be present in food were selected for calculation of a Margin of Exposure (MOE) between a point of departure on the dose response for oral carcinogenicity in animal studies and estimates of human dietary exposure. The MOE can be used to support prioritisation of risk management ac...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 6, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Benford D, Dinovi M, Setzer RW Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Palmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid from Coptis chinensis, an herbal medicine used to treat various inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, edema and dermatitis. The present study examined the cytoprotective properties of palmatine on D(+)-galactosamine (GalN) / lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Mice were intraperitoneally given GalN (700 mg/kg) / LPS (10 mug/kg). Palmatine (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administered 1 h before GalN/LPS. GalN/LPS increased the mortality and serum aminotransferase activities. These increases were attenuated by palmatine. GalN/LPS increased hepatic lipid pe...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 6, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Lee WC, Kim JK, Kang JW, Oh WY, Jung JY, Kim YS, Jung HA, Choi JS, Lee SM Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Toxicity evaluation of the aqueous extract of the rhizome of Elephantorrhiza elephantina(Burch.) Skeels. (Fabaceae), in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Elephantorrhiza elephantina root extract has been used as a traditional remedy for a wide range of ailments both in humans and livestock. As part of the safety assessment of the extract, acute, sub acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted by the oral route in rats. Male and female rats were divided into four groups consisting of five rats each and given doses of 200 - 1600 mg/kg bwt, 200 - 800 mg/kg bwt, and 50 -400 mg/kg bwt in acute (I day), sub acute (14 days) and chronic toxicity (35 days) respectively. During the experiment, no deaths were observed in any groups and there were no remarkable changes in gener...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 6, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Maphosa V, Masika PJ, Moyo B Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals

Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of carbosulfan in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study confirmed that the comet and micronucleus assays are useful tools in determining potential genotoxicity of water pollutants and might be appropriate as a part of monitoring program. PMID: 19818828 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology)
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - October 6, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Nwani CD, Lakra WS, Nagpure NS, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: journals