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Full title pageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: journals

SupplementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: journals

ISFG Congress Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: journals

Proceedings of the 22nd International ISFG CongressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The 22nd International Congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics was held from 21 to 25 August 2007 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The president of the congress was Professor Niels Morling, Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Niels Morling Source Type: journals

The development of visual and chemical methods for predicting the likelihood of obtaining a DNA profile from degraded bone samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Gross morphology, histology and nitrogen content were examined in bone samples from individuals that had been buried for approximately 12 years in Kuwait and Iraq. The results indicate that the gross morphology and histology are useful indicators of DNA survival. Nitrogen content did not show a significant correlation with DNA preservation.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: M. Al-enizi, S. Hadi, W. Goodwin Source Type: journals

Locked nucleic acids: Increased trace DNA amplification success with improved primersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) are a conformationally restricted DNA analog, which can be incorporated into oligonucleotides to increase binding strength. To investigate if LNAs increase amplification success for trace DNA samples in a forensic context, primer sequences for four routinely used STR loci (FGA, D7S820, D13S317 and D18S51) have been altered to include LNA bases. The LNA modified primers display a broader tolerance to a range of reaction conditions compared to unmodified DNA primers, with higher Tms giving increased specificity. Increased peak heights, improved peak height ratios and decreased template r...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: K.N. Ballantyne, R.A.H. van Oorschot, R.J. Mitchell Source Type: journals

Reduce optimisation time and effort: Taguchi experimental design methodsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Development and validation of new methods and technologies frequently require long periods of time and high costs to determine the optimal system. A commonly used approach to optimisation is the factorial method, where each variable is tested at every level of the other variables. An alternative approach is to modify the experimental design using a multifactorial approach. The Taguchi design method utilises orthogonal arrays, which distribute the variables in a balanced manner, thus greatly reducing the number of experiments required. We applied the Taguchi experimental design method to PCR optimisation, and sign...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: K.N. Ballantyne, R.A. van Oorschot, R.J. Mitchell Source Type: journals

Optimization of DNA recovery from toothbrushesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was undertaken to determine the minimum number of bristle bundles that would generate a complete DNA profile. The minimum period of usage for a toothbrush to retain enough cells for genotyping was also investigated. We also tested two commonly used DNA extraction methods: QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit and Chelex® 100 to explore the efficiency of these protocols in recovering DNA from toothbrushes. In this experiment, volunteers brushed their teeth for 1, 7, 14, or 30 days. DNA was extracted from 5 and 10 bundles of bristles cut from the collected toothbrushes. The amount of DNA recovered was quantified by quantitative ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Achirapa Bandhaya, Nathinee Panvisavas Source Type: journals

Use of “AnyDirect PCR buffer” for PCR amplification of washed bloodstains: A case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: AnyDirect PCR buffer (BioQuest) permits to perform direct PCR from different kinds of forensic samples (blood, saliva, sperm, etc.) without any DNA purification step.This is very useful in particular when working with small quantity of sample since it avoids the risk of loosing sample step by step as often happens with traditional DNA extraction procedures.In the present casework we analyzed some bloodstains found by luminol test onto washed clothes and linen: all samples were analyzed either using the AmpFlSTRs Identifiler kit (Applied Biosystems).
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: A. Barbaro, P. Cormaci, A. Teatino, A. Barbaro Source Type: journals

A multiplexed system for quantification of human DNA and human male DNA and detection of PCR inhibitors in biological samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a multiplex assay for simultaneous quantification of human and human male DNA using the ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (RPPH1) human target and the sex determining region Y (SRY) male-specific target. A synthetic oligonucleotide sequence was co-amplified as an internal PCR control. Standard curves were generated using human male genomic DNA. The SRY and RPPH1 assays demonstrated human specificity with minimal cross-reactivity to DNA from other species. Reproducible DNA concentrations were obtained within a range of 0.023–50ng/μl. The assay was highly sensitive, detecting as little as 25pg/μl of human male ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: M. Barbisin, R. Fang, C.E. O'Shea, P.M. Brzoska, L.M. Calandro, J.G. Shewale, M.R. Furtado Source Type: journals

The visualization and quantification of cell nuclei in telogen hair roots by fluorescence microscopy, as a pre-DNA analysis assessmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although nuclear DNA-profiling of human hairs is a well-known technique in forensic investigations, its success rate is quite low. Because the extracted nuclear DNA (nuDNA) is scarce and often degraded, a simple and effective method was developed to estimate the number of cell nuclei in telogen roots. DAPI, a fluorescent, non-destructive DNA-stain, allows visualizing nuclear DNA and does not interfere with subsequent PCR analyses. After staining 3242 roots from 27 volunteers and subsequent STR-profiling of a selection of roots, we show that the amount of analysable nuDNA can be predicted. This screening method al...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Tom Boonen, Kathy Vits, Bernadette Hoste, Françoise Hubrecht Source Type: journals

Single primer extension (SPEX) amplification to accurately genotype highly damaged DNA templatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: High levels of non-authentic sequence data can be generated by traditional PCR-based methodologies when DNA is damaged, template numbers are small and/or the target amplification size too large. We therefore present an alternate methodology based on single primer extension (SPEX) amplification; that places no pre-defined size constraints on amplification and interacts with only one of the DNA strands at the target locus.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Paul Brotherton, Phillip Endicott, Mark Beaumont, Ross Barnett, Jeremy Austin, Alan Cooper, Juan J. Sanchez Source Type: journals

Automated DNA extraction from large volumesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Automation of DNA extraction with DNA-IQ™ (Promega Corporation), requires special adaptations when trace amounts of DNA must be recovered from substrates requiring large volumes of extraction buffer (e.g. clothing). We have developed a method consisting of in situ cell lysis with DNA extraction buffer (containing SDS or Sarkosyl, Proteinase K, DNA IQ lysis buffer) followed by batch DNA recovery through incubation with DNA-binding magnetic beads. Tests were performed with blood, semen, saliva and manipulated or worn objects on cotton, polyester and nylon substrates. The process was optimized for incubation time,...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Annie Côté, Manon Landry, Sara-Kim Rochette, Karine Gibson, Martine Lapointe, Vahé Sarafian Source Type: journals

A more efficient extraction method of human bone resulting in improved DNA profilingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Eight human bone samples, from a forensic case, were extracted in parallel using our standard protocol with and without PTB in the buffer. Both methods were sometimes inadequate for (complete) STR profiling, while the presence of PTB even decreases the DNA yield.The complete decalcification of the bone extraction residues in an EDTA-solution with SDS recovered sufficient amounts of DNA, which resulted in complete STR profiling for all samples. Complete decalcification without SDS yielded even higher amounts of DNA and also complete STR profiling for all samples.Similar results were obtained for the DNA extraction from a human tooth.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Stijn Desmyter, Christine De Greef Source Type: journals

Challenging DNA: Assessment of a range of genotyping approaches for highly degraded forensic samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: It is common in forensic casework to encounter highly degraded DNA samples from a variety of sources. In this category bone and teeth samples are often the principal source of evidential material for criminal investigations or identification of long-deceased individuals. In these circumstances standard STRs are prone to fail due to their long amplicon sizes (since DNA becomes progressively more fragmented as it degrades). To successfully resolve such cases alternative markers can be used and until recently the only other tool available was mitochondrial DNA, which despite being more resistant to degradation, is m...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: M. Fondevila, C. Phillips, N. Naverán, M. Cerezo, A. Rodríguez, R. Calvo, L.M. Fernández, Á. Carracedo, M.V. Lareu Source Type: journals

Automatic data processing of reference DNA-profiles from FTA and non-FTA samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The new Swedish DNA legislation resulted in a huge increase in reference samples. In 2006 approximately 25,000 reference samples were received compared to 5000 in 2005. To meet this increase the reference samples had to be handled in a more automatic process than previously. A new module in the LIMS system automatically compares duplicate results and creates confirmed results if the DNA profiles meet the set requirements. Profiles without automatically confirmed results need to be manually investigated. Certain rules and settings in the LIMS sort these samples. Evaluators are able to combine the results to form c...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: O. Hansson, L. Albinsson Source Type: journals

Proteinase K challenged by a novel proteaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Proteinase K is used in forensic DNA extraction methods for cell lysis and degradation of proteins. Here we compare Proteinase K with a novel protease. We conclude that there is no need to exchange Proteinase K in our methods.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Oskar Hansson, Christina Valgren, Sara Wester Source Type: journals

Evaluation of a semi-automated, magnetic bead-based DNA extraction method for genetic fingerprinting of forensic casework samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In order to cope with the demanding workload for DNA profiling of forensic casework samples a concept for a semi-automated processing system was developed at the Landeskriminalamt (Office of Criminal Investigation) Baden-Württemberg, Germany [K. Vollack, et al., Implementation of a semi-automated processing system for DNA profiling of forensic casework samples, this issue]. The applied magnetic bead extraction method is based on ChargeSwitch® Technology (CST) from Invitrogen and was established on a liquid handling workstation Freedom EVO® 150 from Tecan.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Barbara Haak, Andrea Porsche, Kai Vollack, Peter Zimmermann, Werner Pflug Source Type: journals

mRNA profiling for body fluid identificationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: mRNA profiling is a promising new method for the identification of body fluids from biological stains. A multiplex reverse transcription endpoint PCR method was adapted for the identification of blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions and menstrual blood. For specificity, sensitivity and suitability to biological stains the endpoint PCR method was satisfying. Up to 15 months old stains were shown to be suitable for mRNA profiling. In addition a realtime PCR assay was tested for sensitivity with blood and semen samples, providing comparable results to endpoint PCR or enzymatic tests.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: C. Haas, B. Klesser, A. Kratzer, W. Bär Source Type: journals

Comparative study of D1S80 typing by capillary electrophoresis and sequencingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The D1S80 locus is very useful for personal identification in Japan. To obtain a correct allele over 45, we examined PCR amplification product of the allele over 45 both by direct sequencing and fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis. Direct sequencing finally determined the allele as being 57. However, it was calculated to be an allele of 56 by comparison with size markers for capillary electrophoresis. The difference could be attributed to the electrophoretic size markers. This finding indicates that the direct sequencing may be useful to determine the allele over 45 in the D1S80 locus.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Naoto Iizuka, Ryo Kobayashi, Yukio Itoh Source Type: journals

Application of less primer method to commercial kitsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the conditions of commercial kits including concentration of primer, amplification cycle number and annealing and extension time to obtain even PCR products as well accurate genotype analysis. In addition, we tried to arrange the ratio of primer composition in PowerPlex® 16 system to improve the loci of high molecular and add two times of Taq Gold polymerase to decrease the extension time.The advantages of less primer method are good balance among loci, reproducibility and sensitivity.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: M. Kane, M. Taniguchi, S. Matsuyama, K. Nishi Source Type: journals

Internal validation of the 7500 Real Time PCR System for use in forensic casework in Hellenic PoliceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: According to guidelines of the quality assurance standards for the forensic DNA testing laboratories, prior to introducing an existing DNA analysis procedure, reliability of the procedure has to be demonstrated by carrying out internal validation. In order to introduce a sensitive and accurate DNA quantification method in our laboratory, a validation study of the 7500 Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) using the QUANTIFILER Human DNA Quantification Kit (Applied Biosystems) was performed. Here we report the results and the experience we have gained during this internal validation study.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: A. Kondili, M. Vouropoulou, D. Michos, P. Miniati Source Type: journals

Genetic analysis of fingerprints—Could WGA or nested-PCR be alternatives to the increase of PCR cycles number?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In this work we aimed to compare the application of increasing PCR cycle number, whole genome amplification and nested-PCR on fingerprints genetic analysis. Results were compared for correct alleles, allele dropin and allelic dropout. We concluded that increasing the number of PCR cycles is yet the best way to attain the required sensitivity.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: A.M. Lagoa, T. Magalhães, M.F. Pinheiro Source Type: journals

IGNA's original LIMS: A complete traceability of administrative and analytic processes for forensic casesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: IGNA is the first French laboratory for forensic DNA analysis. IGNA LIMS was developed from the software Microsoft Dynamics NAV which is an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) with a real opened solution for specific development and compatible with a lot of Microsoft applications.Thanks to the LIMS, we assure the traceability of analysis and also administrative process (traceability of letters, quotes or phone calls for each case and registration of actions to be done in a case (call for results …)).For one penal case, we can associate one or more sealed items. The DNA expert indicates the analysis to do on each...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Soizic Le Guiner-Lebeau, Marie-Noëlle Jumeau, Jean-Paul Moisan Source Type: journals

Multiplex PCR electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS): Application to forensic mitochondrial DNA examinationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examinations play an important role in criminal investigations, identification of victims of mass disasters, and association of unidentified remains with family members. Typically, HV1 and HV2 are amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by fluorescent sequencing. While this method produces the highest level of resolution, it is labor intensive and unable to distinguish components of a mixture. Previously, an electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method was described to determine the base composition profile of enzymatically digested PCR amplified fragments der...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Leslie D. McCurdy, Lora J. Gioeni, Thuy-Trang Pennella, Constance L. Fisher, Alice R. Isenberg, Thomas A. Hall, Kristin A. Sannes-Lowery, Steven A. Hofstadler, Bruce Budowle Source Type: journals

Evaluation of the use of freezer mill to improve DNA retrieval from dried cotton swabsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: This investigation evaluated the use of a freezer mill to improve retrieval of DNA from dried cotton swabs (using 100μl saliva) compared to uncrushed swabs and whole saliva by measuring DNA yield and profile average peak height. Three treatments were tested; short, medium (as for a bone sample) and extended. The samples subjected to the freezer mill had the powder that remained on the freezer mill components collected (using a water and agitation method). All freezer mill samples returned a lower average DNA yield than either uncrushed swabs or whole saliva. The powder from the crushed swabs comprised an average...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: L. Morenos, R.A.H. van Oorschot, F.D. Guarino, R.J. Mitchell Source Type: journals

Application of BioRobot M48 to forensic DNA extractionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The development of a nucleic acid extraction method based on magnetic separation has opened up possibilities forl automation of DNA extraction. The BioRobot M48 is one of robotic stations applicable to automated DNA extraction in forensics. However, each new method should be thoroughly validated before application to routine casework. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of the currently utilized organic/Microcon 100 based extraction procedure and magnetic extraction with BioRobot M48. The DNA concentration of DNA extracts obtained from different kinds of typical forensic material was evaluated followed by am...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Agnieszka Parys-Proszek, Wojciech Branicki, Paulina Wolańska-Nowak, Tomasz Kupiec Source Type: journals

Single sperm cell isolation by micromanipulation for human identification in sexual assaultEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study proposes a new alternative solution in preferential extraction methods or microdissection to isolate and analyse single sperm cells in case of sexual assault. After the transfer of swabs in liquid culture medium, perpetrator's spermatozoas can be physically separated from victim's epithelial cells by using classical techniques of micromanipulation as ICSI (IntraCytoplasmic Spermatozoa Injection), usually applied for IVF (In vitro Fertilization).
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: C. Petit, V. Martel-Petit, R. Hienne, S. Frackowiak Source Type: journals

Rapid genomic DNA extraction (RGDE)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Hyperpolymorphic short tandem repetitive DNA sequences, STRs or microsatellites, have become widely used in human identification, particularly in criminal cases and in mass disasters. In such cases the substrates for the analyses may be decomposed as a biological material, a fact that has to be taken into account when choosing the appropriate casework methods. Nowadays expanded windows have been opened to the world especially in the area of genetic and biology science by performance of big projects such as human genome project. In this regard, one of the primary and important steps for all is DNA extraction with ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Saremi Mohammad Ali, Saremi Mahnaz, Tavallaei Mahmood Source Type: journals

Simultaneous detection of ABO and Secretor-nonsecretor blood groups from forensic biological samples by fragment analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: This paper describes the simultaneous detection of ABO and Secretor-nonsecretor (SE) blood groups from forensic biological samples by fragment analysis using the ABI PRISM® 3130 genetic analyzer. The method allows the assay of well-known base changes at three nucleotide positions 261, 796 and 803 on cDNA of the ABO gene, and at 385 and 428 on cDNA of SE gene and a SE pseudo gene, so that reliable group prediction is established by the presence of representative alleles. As a result, simultaneous detection of ABO and SE blood groupings from biological samples was correctly determined by our methods.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Koichi Satoh, Yukio Itoh Source Type: journals

Implementation of a robotized real-time PCR setup for the use of the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification KitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Human DNA quantification occupies a central role within the DNA analytic process of forensic casework samples as DNA quantification results have an important impact on the quality of the short tandem repeat data. Manual processing for the setup of quantification reactions can be time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore automation of quantitative real-time PCR setup was an important component of our DNA-analysis automation concept. Here we show the implementation of a robotized setup for the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification Kit.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Ralph Schwenzer, Annette Schöneberg, Werner Pflug Source Type: journals

Quantification of trace amounts of human and non-human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using SYBR Green and real time PCREmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: There are currently no tests available to quantify total non-human mammalian mtDNA. Standard universal DNA quantification tests are unsuitable due to the large size difference between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and the ubiquity of human mtDNA. A method has therefore been developed to quantify total mammalian mtDNA and total human mtDNA present in a sample using SYBR Green.Mammalian primers designed to react with all mammals were designed on the 12S and human specific primers were designed on the cytochrome b gene. Each primer set was reacted separately with sample and SYBR Green and detected using RT-PCR. ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Shanan S. Tobe, Adrian Linacre Source Type: journals

Validation studies of rapid stain identification-blood (RSID-blood) kit in forensic caseworksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: When bloodstains are detected at crime scene using presumptive tests (e.g. luminol, phenolphthalein, leuchomalachite green), it is important to establish the real human nature of each stain. This is possible using confirmatory tests. One of these is rapid stain identification-blood (RISD-blood) a lateral flow immuno-chromatographic strip test format which allows the identification of human blood by detection of glycophorin A, a red blood cell membrane antigen, using two anti-human glycophorin A (GPA) monoclonal antibodies.The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of RSID-blood test in old, degraded blood...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Stefania Turrina, Giulia Filippini, Renzo Atzei, Elisabetta Zaglia, Domenico De Leo Source Type: journals

A comparison of three automated DNA purification methods in Forensic caseworkEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Manual Chelex®-100 and organic extractions (phenol/chloroform) are used as routine methods at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, SKL. The aim of this study was to find an automated DNA purification system to replace the organic method. The following methods were evaluated and compared to each other and to the organic method used routinely; BioRobot® EZ1 with EZ1 DNA Investigator Kit and Card (Qiagen), iPrep™ Purification Instrument with iPrep™ ChargeSwitch® Forensic Kit and Card (Invitrogen), Magnatrix™ 1200 Workstation with the Magnatrix™ gDNA Blood Kit Forensic and two different pro...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Christina Valgren, Sara Wester, Oskar Hansson Source Type: journals

Evaluation of the Differex™ SystemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Differential extraction is an efficient method to separate sperm cells from epithelial cells. A manual Chelex®-100 based method is used at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, SKL. The Differex™ System (Promega) uses a Proteinase K digestion of epithelial cells followed by centrifugation and phase separation. The sperm- and epithelial fractions are further purified with DNA IQ™ System (Promega) or with phenol/chloroform. The Differex™ System in combination with DNA IQ™ System were evaluated and compared to the Chelex®-100 method used routinely. After modifications, the Differex™ System...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Christina Valgren, Erika Edenberger Source Type: journals

Development and usage of a NIST standard reference material for real time PCR quantitation of human DNAEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: National Institute of Standards and Technology SRM 2372 human DNA quantitation standard has been produced to support the need for a human-specific DNA quantitation standard in forensic casework and calibration of new quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. The conventional DNA concentration has been assigned with one of the U.S. National Reference UV/Visible Spectrophotometers, assuming an absorbance of 1.0 at 260nm equals 50ng/μL of double stranded DNA. In addition, an interlaboratory study has been conducted, to verify that the SRM 2372 materials perform well in currently used DNA quantitation as...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: P.M. Vallone, M.C. Kline, D.L. Duewer, A.E. Decker, J.W. Redman, J.C. Travis, M.V. Smith, J.M. Butler Source Type: journals

Implementation of a semi-automated processing system for DNA profiling of forensic casework samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The concept for a semi-automated processing system for DNA analysis of crime scene samples was developed at the Landeskriminalamt Baden-Württemberg (LKA BW) and comprises the extraction of genomic DNA from human cells by ChargeSwitch® magnetic bead technology (CST), quantification of purified DNA by real-time PCR, amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs) by PCR and DNA fragment length analysis of STRs by capillary electrophoresis. Three liquid handling workstations from Tecan, a real-time PCR device and a 16-channel capillary electrophoresis (CE) system, both from Applied Biosystems (AB), are linked via lab...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Kai Vollack, Barbara Haak, Ralph Schwenzer, Werner Pflug Source Type: journals

Quadruplex real-time PCR for forensic DNA quantitationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Forensic DNA quantitation is an important initial step preceding PCR amplification of the STR loci even though information concerning the quality of the DNA is not revealed. A quadruplex real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to quantify four DNA targets: (1) the human RB1 gene in nuclear DNA, (2) the DAZ gene present on the human Y chromosome, (3) the ATPase8 gene present in human mitochondrial DNA and (4) an artificial internal positive control to reveal possible PCR inhibition. Primers labeled with four different fluorophores are used together with a single quencher using the antiprimer quenching-based qPCR ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Martin R. Whittle, Denilce R. Sumita Source Type: journals

AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler™ PCR amplification kit: The new miniSTR multiplex kitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler™ PCR amplification kit (Applied Biosystems), a new available 8-miniSTR and the sex determining marker Amelogenin multiplex, includes the most common problematic loci (above 200bp) of the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler™ PCR amplification kit: FGA, D21S11, D18S51, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO and D2S1338.Several casework samples with different DNA contents were tested.Results allowed to complete partial Identifiler™ profiles and additional information was achieved in low copy number (LCN) samples, revealing that this miniSTR kit can improve identification of compromised samples.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: L. Andrade, A.M. Bento, A. Serra, M. Carvalho, J.J. Gamero, C. Oliveira, L. Batista, V. Lopes, F. Balsa, F. Corte-Real, M.J. Anjos Source Type: journals

Study about the effect of high temperatures on STRs typingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Forensic investigations generally involve samples that have unknown storage conditions.These conditions may help to speed up or slow down the degradation of DNA. For example environmental factors that speed up the decay include: UV light, humidity, and temperature. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of high temperature on the ability to perform DNA extraction and typing from different biological fluids (blood, saliva, and semen) after 20min incubation in an oven at different temperatures 50°C, 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C or direct exposition to the effect of a flame for few minutes. Our result...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: A. Barbaro, P. Cormaci, A. Barbaro Source Type: journals

New autosomal STR lociEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Additional STR loci can be beneficial for a number of human identity, forensic casework, and DNA database applications. The marker selection and characterization process applied at NIST in developing these new loci and assays are described along with concordance testing results from non-overlapping PCR primers. A 23plex for simultaneous amplification of 22 autosomal STR loci and an amelogenin sex-typing assay is also demonstrated.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: J.M. Butler, C.R. Hill, A.E. Decker, M.C. Kline, P.M. Vallone Source Type: journals

New resources for the forensic genetics community available on the NIST STRBase websiteEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: For more than a decade, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has maintained the short tandem repeat DNA Internet database (STRBase), which is located at http://www.cstl.nist.gov/biotech/strbase/. The purpose of STRBase has been and continues to be an attempt to bring together the abundant literature and information in the forensic genetics field in a cohesive fashion to make current and future work easier. New materials are regularly added to expand the valuable information contained on the STRBase website.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: John M. Butler Source Type: journals

Mini-SGM multiplex in degraded samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A five Mini-SGM multiplex which encompasses TH01, FGA, D18S51, D16S539 and D2S1338, common STR markers in human identity testing, have been performed. Two cases with different biological tissues were selected to illustrate the usefulness of this technique in forensic casework. The use of routine methodology can sometimes give only a partial genetic profile or no profile at all. However, using the Mini-STR technique, a full profile was obtained for the majority of the degraded samples. We conclude that the Mini-SGM methodology is more sensible than routine methodology for degraded samples, although a full genetic ...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Susana Camacho, Cláudia Vieira-Silva, Paulo Dario, Teresa Ribeiro, Rosa Espinheira, Helena Geada Source Type: journals

Principles of STR multiplex amplificationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We performed a systematic evaluation of template amount, multiplex primer concentration, amplification cycle number, and amplification volume on commercial multiplex performance. We determined that, except for stochastic variation with limited template amounts, the same quality, intensity, and accuracy of DNA profiles can be obtained while varying each of these parameters over a broad range. Each parameter can be used to compensate for changes in the others, allowing us to provide specific recommendations with use of limited sample material.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Christopher A. Cave, Kristen Hancock, James W. Schumm Source Type: journals

Population data for MiniNC01 in a population sample from North-eastern Italy and their use in neoplastic tissues fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To establish a database for the three MiniNC01 loci D10S1248, D14S1434, D22S1045 in a population sample from North-eastern Italy, 102 unrelated individuals were typed. DNA was amplified in a multiplex reaction with subsequent automatic detection using capillary electrophoresis. The obtained data give a contribution to the definition of Italian population miniSTRs allele frequencies for the three analysed loci. These three MiniSTRs were tested on 21 neoplastic tissues and the obtained genotypes were compared to those obtained from normal tissue. Only 3 cases (14.28%) gave a different genotype suggesting a better p...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: N. Cerri, L. Caenazzo, A. Verzeletti, F. Gasparini, E. Ponzano, F. Ceola, P. Tozzo, F. De Ferrari Source Type: journals

Two examples of null alleles at the D19S433 locus due to the same 4bp deletion in the presumptive primer binding site of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Two cases of allelic loss at the D19S433 locus after multiplex PCR with the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit (Applied Biosystems) are described. In both cases the failure of PCR resulted in genetic inconsistencies due to opposite homozygosity. After singleplex PCR with published primers additional alleles were observed and Mendelian inheritance was restored. These PCR products were sequenced and in both cases the same 4bp deletion near the 3′ end of the repeat region was detected in two alleles of different length. The frequency of these null alleles (two events in 1026 allelic transfers) amounts to 0.0019 (95% confide...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: E.M. Dauber, B. Glock, W.R. Mayr Source Type: journals

Unusual FGA and D19S433 off-ladder alleles and other allelic variants at the STR loci D8S1132, vWA, D18S51 and ACTBP2 (SE33)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A very short FGA allele *14 and a long D19S433 allele *19.2 were detected and sequenced, as well as the new D8S1132 alleles *12.1, *14 and *15.1. Further new sequence data (vWA allele *18.3, D18S51 allele *11.2, SE33 alleles *24.2, *32, *34 and *37, including the rare variant allele *13.2) are described.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: E.M. Dauber, G. Dorner, S. Wenda, E.M. Schwartz-Jungl, B. Glock, W. Bär, W.R. Mayr Source Type: journals

Development of a novel miniSTR multiplex assay for typing degraded DNA samplesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A multiplex PCR was developed for the analysis of the sex-determining gene Amelogenin, four conventional STR (short tandem repeat; THO1, D18S51, D21S11 and FGA) loci with a reduced amplicon size and four miniSTR loci (D1S1677, D2S441, D10S1248 and D22S1045). A concordance study in a population of 198 Belgians revealed no differences for the conventional STR loci while a sensitivity study showed a reproducible DNA profile with as low as 30pg of input DNA.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Ronny Decorte, Chi Fung Liu, Nancy Vanderheyden, Jean-Jacques Cassiman Source Type: journals

Internal validation of the AmplFlSTR MiniFiler kitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we present the results of some forensic validation studies including the following aspects: sensitivity, performance with simulated inhibition and degradation, analysis of known and non-probative evidence samples and selectivity.
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: C. Gehrig, A. Teyssier Source Type: journals

Analysis strategies to establish vWF intron 40 haplotypesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Sequencing of a 0.65kb region in the intron 40 of the vWF gene demonstrated a complex variability. Five STRs named Pol K, F, P1, P2-a and P2-b and an indel polymorphisms (I) are present. We established a routine analysing method to puzzle out the Pol K/F/I/P haplotypes which does not require a sequencing procedure. To recognise the combined polymorphisms as haplotypes, we performed short and middle range PCRs in combination with Nde I and BsmA I restriction tests. Comparison of the amplicon and restriction fragment length reveals the most likely haplotypes of each person involved a kinship test. Furthermore, a SN...
Source: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series - August 1, 2008 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: S. Hering, J. Edelmann, R. Szibor Source Type: journals