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Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 25, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 25, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: journals

Corrigendum to “The influence of body mass on the temporal parameters of peripubescent gait” [Gait Posture 27 (2008) 719–721]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors regret the errors introduced in in the above article. The corrected table appears below: (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 13, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: S.C. Morrison, B.R. Durward, G.F. Watt, M.D.C. Donaldson Tags: Errata Source Type: journals

The effect of gait speed on the knee adduction moment depends on waveform summary measuresEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The external knee adduction moment (KAM) is a useful proxy for medial knee loading. Though many studies examining the KAM report the peak value, recent studies have evaluated other measures from this waveform, including the stance impulse. It is important to understand the impact of varying gait speed on discrete values of the KAM waveform when evaluating differences between samples. The purpose of this study was to compare measures of the KAM waveform, including peak and impulse, during level walking at different speeds. Thirty-two healthy participants (mean age=32±8 years, 18 women) were recruited. The KAM pea...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 13, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Shawn M.K. Robbins, Monica R. Maly Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Early biomechanical markers of postural instability in Parkinson's diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Current clinical assessments do not adequately detect the onset of postural instability in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to identify biomechanical variables that are sensitive to the effects of early Parkinson's disease on the ability to recovery from a balance disturbance. Ten adults diagnosed with idiopathic PD and no clinically detectable postural instability, and ten healthy age-range matched controls (HC) completed the study. The first step in the response to a backwards waist pull was quantified in terms of strategy, temporal, kinematic, kinetic, and center of press...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 13, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Molly A. McVey, Antonis P. Stylianou, Carl W. Luchies, Kelly E. Lyons, Rajesh Pahwa, Stephen Jernigan, Jonathan D. Mahnken Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Assessment of kinematic and kinetic patterns following limb salvage procedures for bone sarcomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Bone sarcomas are the fourth most common cancer in individuals under 25 years. Limb salvage procedures have become increasingly popular for the treatment of osteosarcomas as they have functional and psychological benefits over traditional amputative procedures. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate kinematic and kinetic characteristics of patient's post-limb salvage and examine key predictive factors of gait dysfunction. A retrospective outcome study was undertaken on 20 limb salvage patients (10♀, 10♂) recruited from the Queensland Bone Tumour Registry. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a 3...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 10, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Christopher P. Carty, Michael B. Bennett, Ian C. Dickinson, Peter Steadman Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Spatial and temporal gait parameters in Alzheimer's disease and agingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Spatial and temporal gait parameters in 40 patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared to that of 34 normal controls (NC) on a level ground and on a treadmill. Over-ground velocity, cycle-time, cadence, stride-length, stride-width and double-support time were captured on an electronic walkway. On the treadmill, cadence, cycle-time and double-support time were recorded at a preferred velocity using footswitches. The AD group were significantly slower on the Timed Up and Go task compared to NC (p (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 8, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Neelesh K. Nadkarni, Elysha Mawji, William E. McIlroy, Sandra E. Black Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Does increased postural threat lead to more conscious control of posture?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although it is well established that postural threat modifies postural control, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for these changes. It is possible that changes in postural control under conditions of elevated postural threat result from a shift to a more conscious control of posture. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of elevated postural threat on conscious control of posture and to determine the relationship between conscious control and postural control measures. Forty-eight healthy young adults stood on a force plate at two different surface heights: grou...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 3, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: J.L. Huffman, B.C. Horslen, M.G. Carpenter, A.L. Adkin Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Real-time gait event detection using wearable sensorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Real-time gait event detection is a requirement for functional electrical stimulation and gait biofeedback. This gait event detection should ideally be achieved using an ambulatory system of durable, lightweight, low-cost sensors. Previous research has reported issues with durability in footswitch systems. Therefore, this study describes the development and assessment of novel detection algorithms using footswitch and accelerometer sensors on 12 healthy individuals. Subjects were equipped with one force sensitive resistor on the heel, one accelerometer at the foot, and one accelerometer at the knee. Subjects perf...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 3, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Michael Hanlon, Ross Anderson Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Effectiveness of a tongue-placed electrotactile biofeedback to improve ankle force sense following plantar-flexor muscles fatigueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To assess the effectiveness of a tongue-placed electrotactile biofeedback system to improve ankle force sense following plantar-flexor muscles fatigue, 11 young healthy adults were asked to perform an isometric contra-lateral force ankle-matching task in two experimental conditions of No fatigue and Fatigue of the plantar-flexor muscles and two conditions of No biofeedback and Biofeedback. The underlying principle of the biofeedback consisted of supplying subjects with supplementary information about the force developed by the plantar-flexor muscles through electrical stimulation of the tongue. Measures of the ov...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 1, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Nicolas Vuillerme, Matthieu Boisgontier Tags: Short communications Source Type: journals

Effect of prolonged bed rest on the anterior hip musclesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effect of prolonged bed rest on the size of the anterior hip muscles and their pattern of recovery. The effect of resistive vibration exercise (RVE) as a countermeasure to muscle atrophy was also investigated. 12 male participants, randomly assigned to either a control or an exercise group, underwent 8 weeks of bed rest with 6 months follow-up. Changes in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the iliacus, psoas, iliopsoas, sartorius and rectus femoris muscles were measured by magnetic resonance imaging at regular intervals during bed rest and recovery phases. CSAs of iliopsoas and sartorius decre...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 1, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: M. Dilani Mendis, Julie A. Hides, Stephen J. Wilson, Alison Grimaldi, Daniel L. Belavý, Warren Stanton, Dieter Felsenberg, Joern Rittweger, Carolyn Richardson Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Model-based assessments of the effects of age and ankle fatigue on the control of upright posture in humansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate how and why age and localized muscle fatigue affect postural control using model-based simulations. A balance control model, based on an optimal control strategy, was used to simulate trials of quiet upright stance both pre-fatigue and following induced ankle plantarflexor fatigue. Empirical data were obtained from an earlier study that included both younger and older participants. Effects of age and ankle fatigue were determined from center-of-pressure (COP) measures and fitted model parameters. Though some discrepancies existed, the simulated effects of age and ankle fat...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 1, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Xingda Qu, Maury A. Nussbaum, Michael L. Madigan Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Upper extremity dynamics during Lofstrand crutch-assisted gait in children with myelomeningoceleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study has potential for improving clinical intervention strategies and therapeutic planning of ambulation for children with MM. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 1, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Brooke A. Slavens, Peter F. Sturm, Ruta Bajournaite, Gerald F. Harris Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

A paradigm to assess postural responses triggered by anteroposterior translations in healthy seated individualsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Postural adjustments following mechanical perturbations have been studied in healthy seated humans. However, little is known on the minimal intensity that should be used to provoke a reaction. This knowledge could be essential to assess seated postural deficits in some pathological populations. The goal of the present study was to identify a low-intensity perturbation that could elicit postural reactions in healthy seated individuals. Six healthy participants sat on an adapted ergonomic chair fixed on a moveable support surface that was submitted to forward and backward translations. The head and trunk kinematics...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 1, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Nancy St-Onge, Julie N. Côté, Isabelle Patenaude, Joyce Fung Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Loading applied on prosthetic knee of transfemoral amputee: Comparison of inverse dynamics and direct measurementsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Inverse dynamics is the most comprehensive method that gives access to the net joint forces and moments during walking. However it is based on assumptions (i.e., rigid segments linked by ideal joints) and it is known to be sensitive to the input data (e.g., kinematic derivatives, positions of joint centres and centre of pressure, inertial parameters). Alternatively, transducers can be used to measure directly the load applied on the residuum of transfemoral amputees. So, the purpose of this study was to compare the forces and moments applied on a prosthetic knee measured directly with the ones calculated by three...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 25, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: R. Dumas, L. Cheze, L. Frossard Tags: Short communications Source Type: journals

Prescription footwear for severe injuries of foot and ankle: Effect on regularity and symmetry of the gait assessed by trunk accelerometryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we believe that trunk accelerometry can be a useful tool in the field of gait rehabilitation. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 25, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Philippe Terrier, Olivier Dériaz, André Meichtry, François Luthi Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The effects of dual-tasking on postural control in people with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Several studies have investigated postural control in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient patients; yet the contribution of cognitive processing (attention) in the postural control of these patients is still unclear. A dual-task design was used to determine the effects of a concurrent digit span memory task on standing balance in a group of ACL patients (n=27) compared with a group of matched, healthy participants (n=27). In double limb stance, three levels of postural difficulty were studies on a force platform (rigid surface with eyes open, rigid surface with eyes closed, and foam surface with eyes close...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 25, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Hossein Negahban, Mohammad Reza Hadian, Mahyar Salavati, Masood Mazaheri, Saeed Talebian, Amir Homayoun Jafari, Mohamad Parnianpour Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Running pattern changes depending on the level of subjects’ awareness of the measurements performed: A “sampling effect” in human locomotion experiments?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to know whether subjects involved in a locomotion experiment modified their running pattern when made aware that data were being collected, and of the specific parameters studied. We used standardised actual and deceptive messages to induce increasing levels of awareness, and analysed subjects’ running pattern on a treadmill dynamometer, using lower limb stiffness as the key mechanical parameter. The five levels of awareness were: (1) subjects thought no sampling was performed, (2) they knew a sampling was about to take place, without knowing the parameter studied, (3) they knew this s...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 24, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jean-Benoît Morin, Pierre Samozino, Nicolas Peyrot Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Corrigendum to “Tibial torsion: Significance and measurement” [Gait Posture 26 (2007) 169–171]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors regret the errors introduced in lines 43 and 46 in the above editorial. The corrected version should read (corrected text italicized for reference): (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 19, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jon R. Davids, Roy B. Davis Tags: Errata Source Type: journals

Influence of dual tasks on sitting postural sway in children and adolescents with myelomeningoceleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Performing dual tasks, e.g. cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously, may be especially challenging to children with motor disorders. Changes in postural sway have been used to evaluate the effect of dual tasks. Increases in postural sway frequency and concurrent decrease in sway amplitude have been interpreted as tighter control of postural sway. The purpose of this study was to analyze postural sway under single and dual task conditions, while sitting. Thirteen children and adolescents with myelomeningocele and a matched control group were included in the study. The participants performed two single and two dua...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 19, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Anette Höglund, Simone Norrlin Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Basic gait and symmetry measures for primary school-aged children and young adults whilst walking barefoot and with shoesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the basic spatio-temporal gait measures of 898 primary school-aged children (5–13 years) and 82 young adults (18–27 years). Participants completed 6–8 walks at preferred speed along a GAITRite walkway whilst barefoot and whilst wearing athletic shoes or runners. Outcome measures (non-normalized and normalized) were gait speed, cadence, step and stride length, support base, single and double support, stance duration, foot angle and associated symmetry measures. Non-normalized measures of speed, step and stride length, support base and foot angle increased with age whereas cadence reduced. Norma...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Noel Lythgo, Cameron Wilson, Mary Galea Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Developing an estimate of daily cumulative loading for the knee: Examining test–retest reliabilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although the knee adduction moment during gait is a valid and reliable proxy for the dynamic load on the medial compartment of the knee, it represents exposure to loading during one stride only. In contrast, a measure that incorporates both the nature and frequency of loading throughout daily activities might provide additional insight into the effects of cumulative knee loading. The purpose of this study was to introduce a new representation of daily cumulative knee loading and examine its test–retest reliability. Thirty healthy adults participated. Cumulative knee loading was calculated on two testing periods...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Shawn M.K. Robbins, Trevor B. Birmingham, Gareth R. Jones, Jack P. Callaghan, Monica R. Maly Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: journals

Contents ListEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 18, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: journals

Effects of physical guidance on short-term learning of walking on a narrow beamEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Physical guidance is often used in rehabilitation when teaching patients to re-learn movements. However, the effects of guidance on motor learning of complex skills, such as walking balance, are not clear. We tested four groups of healthy subjects that practiced walking on a narrow (1.27cm) or wide (2.5cm) treadmill-mounted balance beam, with or without physical guidance. Assistance was given by springs attached to a hip belt that applied restoring forces towards beam center. Subjects were evaluated while walking unassisted before and after training by calculating the number of times subjects stepped off of the b...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 12, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Antoinette Domingo, Daniel P. Ferris Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Review of quantitative measurements of upper limb movements in hemiplegic cerebral palsyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: This review provides an overview of results found in literature on objective measurements of upper limb movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). Seventeen articles were selected following a systematic search. Analysed tasks varied from simple reaching and gross motor functions to complex, fine motor tasks. Spatiotemporal characteristics have been extensively studied and longer movement durations, slower movement speed and reduced trajectory straightness at the affected upper limb, compared to the non-affected side or healthy children, were most frequently reported. Joint kinematics has been far...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 12, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ellen Jaspers, Kaat Desloovere, Herman Bruyninckx, Guy Molenaers, Katrijn Klingels, Hilde Feys Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

Comparing two devices of suspended treadmill walking by varying body unloading and Froude numberEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In rehabilitation, treadmill walking with body weight support is commonly used to reduce loads on lower extremities. (1) However, gait pattern alterations during unloading at constant Froude number are infrequently reported. (2) Furthermore, differences between two common devices for unloading are not well known. Therefore, we investigated two devices; a waist-high chamber with increased pressure called Lower Body Positive Pressure (LBPP), and a harness system (LiteGait), considered a standard system for unloading the lower body. Four gait parameters (cadence, normalized stride length, duty factor, and leg angle ...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 11, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Heidi Ruckstuhl, Jenniefer Kho, Matthew Weed, Miles W. Wilkinson, Alan R. Hargens Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Minimal marker set for center of mass estimation in runningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The purpose was to study the validity of a recently proposed method [Forsell C, Halvorsen K. A method for determining minimal sets of markers for the estimation of center of mass, linear and angular momentum. Journal of Biomechanics 2009;42(3):361–5] for estimating the trajectory of the whole-body center of mass (CoM) in the case of running at velocities ranging from 10 to 22 kmh−1. The method gives an approximation to the CoM using the position of fewer markers on the body than the standard method of tracking each segment of the body. Fourteen male athletes participated. A standard method for determining the...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 9, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Kjartan Halvorsen, Martin Eriksson, Lennart Gullstrand, Fredrik Tinmark, Johnny Nilsson Tags: Short communications Source Type: journals

Effects of distal hamstring lengthening on sagittal motion in patients with diplegia: Hamstring length and its clinical useEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of distal hamstring lengthening (DHL) on hip and knee sagittal kinematics, and to investigate the validity of modeled hamstring length for clinical use. Patient group consisted of 28 patients (56 limbs, mean age 7.4 years) with spastic diplegia who underwent bilateral DHL and tendo-Achilles lengthening with/without rectus femoris transfer (RFT) (DHL+RFT subgroup, 40 limbs; DHL subgroup, 16 limbs). Kinematic data was obtained by gait analysis, and hamstring lengths were obtained using a musculoskeletal modeling technique. Postoperatively, knee extension improved (p (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 9, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Moon Seok Park, Chin Youb Chung, Sang Hyeong Lee, In Ho Choi, Tae-Joon Cho, Won Joon Yoo, B.S. Myoung Yl Park, Kyoung Min Lee Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Deformation of foot cross-section shapes during walkingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To clarify the magnitude of shape change during walking, the shapes of four cross-sections (Forefoot, Instep, Navicular, and Heel) of the right foot during standing and walking were measured using a four-dimensional measurement system we developed (14Hz) with an accuracy of ±0.5mm. Images of the sole were measured using a high-speed video camera (120Hz). Cross-section shapes and derived dimensions were compared between the standing condition, first peak (P1), and midstance valley of two peaks (MSV) of vGRF during walking. Heel and Navicular cross-sections were more laterally inclined during walking than during s...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 9, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Makiko Kouchi, Makoto Kimura, Masaaki Mochimaru Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Simultaneous estimation of effects of gender, age and walking speed on kinematic gait dataEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Analysis of variations in normal gait has received considerable attention over the last years. However, most such analyses are carried out on one explanatory variable at a time, and adjustments for other possibly influencing factors are often done using ad hoc methods. As a result, it can be difficult to know whether observed effects are actually a result of the variable under study. We wanted to simultaneously statistically test the effect of gender, age and walking speed on gait in a normal population, while also properly adjusting for the possibly confounding effects of body height and weight. Since point-by-p...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 9, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jo Røislien, Øivind Skare, Marit Gustavsen, Nana L. Broch, Linda Rennie, Arve Opheim Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Reliability of the new freezing of gait questionnaire: Agreement between patients with Parkinson's disease and their carersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated: (1) whether the new freezing of gait questionnaire (NFOG-Q) is a reliable measure of freezing by comparing patients’ ratings with those of carers’ and (2) whether adding a video improved its reliability. Non-demented people with Parkinson's disease (PD) (N=102) and their carers of similar age and cognitive status were recruited from movement disorders clinics in three countries. The NFOG-Q was administered to carers and patients independently before and after watching a video showing several examples of FOG. Patients had very high agreement between their pre- and post-video detection of FOG (Ka...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 5, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Alice Nieuwboer, Lynn Rochester, Talia Herman, Wim Vandenberghe, George Ehab Emil, Tom Thomaes, Nir Giladi Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Obstacle crossing performance does not differ between the first and subsequent attempts in people with strokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated whether obstacle crossing performance differs between the first and subsequent attempts in people recovering from stroke. Thirty two people with stroke performed eight trials stepping over a 4cm high obstacle. Spatiotemporal measures of gait were captured by a Vicon 3D motion analysis system. Data collected only from those subjects who completed three trials leading with the affected limb or three trials leading with the unaffected limb were analysed. These criteria resulted in data from only 22 subjects being used in the analysis. Repeated measures MANOVA analyses showed no differences in the spati...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 4, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Catherine M. Said, Mary Galea, Noel Lythgo Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Effect of treadmill walking on the stride interval dynamics of human gaitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Metronomic walking has been found to diminish the statistical persistence intrinsic to the stride interval time series of human gait. Since treadmill walking (TW) possesses a similar form of external pacing, we proposed to study the disruptions in the natural neuromuscular rhythms of gait during TW. Treadmill walking is a widespread rehabilitative tool, however, its effect on an individual’s stride dynamics is not well understood. To better elucidate potential effects, we tested the hypothesis that TW without handrails would diminish the statistical persistence in an individual’s stride interval time series. ...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 4, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Matthew D. Chang, Sameer Shaikh, Tom Chau Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Kinematic gait characteristics associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Development of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is considered to be multifactorial. The aims of this systematic review were to (i) summarise and critique the body of literature addressing kinematic gait characteristics associated with PFPS; and (ii) provide recommendations for future research addressing kinematic gait characteristics associated with PFPS. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Current Contents revealed 561 citations for review. Each citation was assessed for inclusion and quality using a modified version of the ‘Quality Index’ and a novel inclusion/exclusion criteria checkl...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 3, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Christian J. Barton, Pazit Levinger, Hylton B. Menz, Kate E. Webster Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

A new kinematic model of the upper extremity based on functional joint parameter determination for shoulder and elbowEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A new upper extremity model is introduced for clinical application. It combines the advantages of functional methods to determine the joint parameters for the shoulder joint centre and the elbow axis location with the ease of a minimal skin mounted marker set. Soft tissue artefacts at the shoulder and upper arm are reduced via a coordinate transfer between dynamic calibration and the actual motion analyzed. A unique technical frame linked to markers on the forearm is defined for the humerus. The protocol has been applied to 50 subjects over a wide age range (5–85 years) and with varying physical status, proving...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 2, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Oliver Rettig, Laetitia Fradet, Philip Kasten, Patric Raiss, Sebastian I. Wolf Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Whole-body vibration improves walking function in individuals with spinal cord injury: A pilot studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Injury to the central nervous system often results in impairments that negatively affect walking function. Prior evidence suggests that vibration may improve walking function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated use of whole-body vibration (WBV) is associated with improvements in walking function in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Subjects were 17 individuals with chronic (≥1 year), motor-incomplete SCI. Subjects were tested before and after participation in a 12-session (3 days/week for 4 weeks) intervention of WBV. We assessed change in walking function via 3D motion capture...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 2, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lanitia L. Ness, Edelle C. Field-Fote Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Clinical assessment of mobility and balance impairments in pre-symptomatic Huntington's diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Clinical assessments such as FRT and TUG are not sensitive in detecting motor impairments in individuals with pre-symptomatic HD. The subtle nature of impairments provides a rationale for the use of quantitative gait analysis in pre-symptomatic HD. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 2, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ashwini K. Rao, Elan D. Louis, Karen S. Marder Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Inter- and intra-observer reliability of masking in plantar pressure measurement analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Plantar pressure measurement is an important tool in gait analysis. Manual placement of small masks (masking) is increasingly used to calculate plantar pressure characteristics. Little is known concerning the reliability of manual masking. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of masking on 2D plantar pressure footprints, in a population with forefoot deformity (i.e. hallux valgus). Using a random repeated-measure design, four observers identified the third metatarsal head on a peak-pressure barefoot footprint, using a small mask. Subsequently, the location of all five metatarsal heads was identi...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 2, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: K. Deschamps, I. Birch, J. Mc Innes, K. Desloovere, G.A. Matricali Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Subsensory vibrations to the feet reduce gait variability in elderly fallersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study supports the hypothesis that subsensory vibratory noise applied to the soles of the feet can reduce gait variability in elderly participants. Future studies are needed to determine if this intervention reduces falls risk. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - July 26, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Andrew M. Galica, Hyun Gu Kang, Attila A. Priplata, Susan E. D’Andrea, Olga V. Starobinets, Farzaneh A. Sorond, L. Adrienne Cupples, Lewis A. Lipsitz Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The Gait Profile Score and Movement Analysis ProfileEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study proposes an interpretation of the difference measure upon which the GDI is based, which naturally leads to the definition of a similar index, the Gait Profile Score (GPS). The GPS can be calculated independently of the feature analysis upon which the GDI is based. Understanding what the underlying difference measure represents also suggests that reporting a raw score, as the GPS does, may have advantages over the logarithmic transformation and z-scaling incorporated in the GDI. It also leads to the concept of a Movement Analysis Profile (MAP) to summarise much of the information contained within kinematic data.A...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 26, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Richard Baker, Jennifer L. McGinley, Michael H. Schwartz, Sarah Beynon, Adam Rozumalski, H. Kerr Graham, Oren Tirosh Tags: ESMAC Best Paper Awards 2008 Source Type: journals

The effect of static standing posture on dynamic walking kinematics: Comparison of a thigh wand versus a patella markerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, because gait hip rotation was more consistently determined with changes in standing static hip rotation postures, it is recommended that a marker on the patella be used in the conventional gait marker set in lieu of a thigh wand. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - July 23, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Mark L. McMulkin, Andi B. Gordon Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Reproducibility of spatio-temporal gait parameters under different conditions in older adults using a trunk tri-axial accelerometer systemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine intra- and interrater reliability of spatio-temporal gait parameters on different walking surfaces and under dual task conditions in an older adult population using a trunk tri-axial accelerometer (DynaPort®MiniMod) system. Twenty-three independent living, older subjects (8 males, 15 females) aged 73.4±4.3 years walked three times at their preferred walking speed in two test sessions under four different conditions over 24m (gymnasium floor versus soft foam rubber walkway, with both normal and dual task walking conditions). Inter- and intrarater reliability was assessed. S...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 23, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Antonia Hartmann, Kurt Murer, Rob A. de Bie, Eling D. de Bruin Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

A 3D mathematical model to predict spinal joint forces for a child with spina bifidaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Children with spina bifida (SB) can exhibit excessive arm swing, trunk sway, and pelvic tilt during walking. To understand the relationship between abnormal low back forces (LBF) and gait disorders in SB, we derived a mathematical model for evaluating LBF in this population. One unimpaired child and a child with SB were tested. A 3D motion analysis system and force plate were used to collect kinematic and ground reaction force data during walking. A mathematical model created using MATLAB software was used to calculate LBF for each child. The LBF for the child with SB was three times greater in the medio-lateral ...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 22, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Chi-Kuang Feng, Chen-Sheng Chen, Ching-Hsuan Chen, Shwn-Jen Lee, Chien-Lin Liu, Yong-Eng Lee, Mei-Wun Tsai Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Peripheral visual cues affect minimum-foot-clearance during overground locomotionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The importance of peripheral visual cues in the control of minimum-foot-clearance during overground locomotion on a clear path was investigated. Eleven subjects walked at their natural speed whilst wearing goggles providing four different visual conditions: upper occlusion, lower occlusion, circumferential–peripheral occlusion and full vision. Results showed that under circumferential–peripheral occlusion, subjects were more cautious and increased minimum-foot-clearance and decreased walking speed and step length. The minimum-foot-clearance increase can be interpreted as a motor control strategy aiming to saf...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 22, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Valentina Graci, David B. Elliott, John G. Buckley Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Obstacle crossing deficits in older adults: A systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: This systematic review and critical evaluation of the literature investigates whether advanced age compromises obstacle crossing for unconstrained and time-constrained conditions. Eight electronic databases were searched for articles with terms relating to obstacle crossing during walking in their title, abstract or keywords. 15 articles were reviewed from an initial yield of 727 articles. The methodological quality of each article was critiqued and data extracted by two reviewers. Young and older adults were shown to contact obstacles infrequently when adequate time was available to adapt foot placement in relat...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 21, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Brook Galna, Alana Peters, Anna T. Murphy, Meg E. Morris Tags: Review Source Type: journals

A biomechanical analysis of upper extremity kinetics in children with cerebral palsy using anterior and posterior walkersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the UE joint kinetics are calculated for 10 children with cerebral palsy using both anterior and posterior walkers. Three-dimensional joint reaction forces and moments are fully characterized for the wrist, elbow, and shoulder (glenohumeral) joints for both walker types. Statistical analysis methods are used to quantify the differences in forces or moments between the two walker types. Comparisons showed no significant differences in kinetic joint parameters between walker types. Results from a power analysis of the current data are provided which may be useful for planning longer term clinical studies. If r...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 20, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Katherine A. Konop, Kelly M.B. Strifling, Mei Wang, Kevin Cao, Jeffrey P. Schwab, Daniel Eastwood, Scott Jackson, Jeffrey D. Ackman, Gerald F. Harris Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Kinematics and kinetics with an adaptive ankle foot system during stair ambulation of transtibial amputeesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Conventional prosthetic feet cannot adapt to specific conditions such as walking on stairs or ramps. Amputees are therefore forced to compensate their prosthetic deficits by modifying the kinematics and kinetics of their lower limbs. The Proprio-Foot™ (Ossur) intends to reduce these compensation mechanisms by automatically increasing dorsiflexion during stair ambulation thanks to an adaptive microprocessor-controlled ankle. The present investigation proposes to analyze the biomechanical effects of the dorsiflexion adaptation in transtibial (TT) amputees during stair ambulation.Sixteen TT amputees and sixteen he...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 20, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Merkur Alimusaj, Laetitia Fradet, Frank Braatz, Hans J. Gerner, Sebastian I. Wolf Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Variability of walking and other daily activities in patients with total knee replacementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Three-dimensional motion analysis has provided important information about functional outcome for patients who have undergone total knee replacement, yet many comparisons to control populations are inconclusive. Some of these findings may be explained by variability in patients’ repeated performance, however this has not been previously reported. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the variability of repeated performance in patients who have undergone total knee replacement during walking and selected activities of daily living using three-dimensional motion analysis.Methods: The ...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 20, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jodie A. McClelland, Kate E. Webster, Julian A. Feller Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The effect of low-mobile foot posture on multi-segment medial foot model gait kinematicsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A number of in vitro, invasive in vivo, and non-invasive marker based multi-segment foot models (MSFMs) have reported significant motion in the articulations distal to the calcaneus during gait. Few studies, however, have applied a MSFM to the investigation of the effect of foot posture on gait kinematics. Differences in stance phase kinematics between participants with low-mobile (LMF) (n=11) versus “typical” (TYPF) (n=11) foot postures were investigated using a multi-segment medial foot model. Three-dimensional position and stance phase excursions of four functional articulations (rearfoot complex [RC], cal...
Source: Gait and Posture - July 16, 2009 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Stephen C. Cobb, Laurie L. Tis, Jeffrey T. Johnson, Yong “Tai” Wang, Mark D. Geil, Frances A. McCarty Tags: Articles Source Type: journals