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(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Author index Source Type: journals

A complex, but uniform O-glycosylation of the human MUC2 mucin from colonic biopsies analyzed by nanoLC/MSnEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

Glycome-DB.org: A portal for querying across the digital world of carbohydrate sequencesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite ongoing harmonization efforts, the major carbohydrate sequence databases following the first initiative in this field, CarbBank, are still isolated islands, with mechanisms for automatic structure exchange and comparison largely missing. This unfavorable situation has been overcome with a systematic data integration effort, resulting in the GlycomeDB, a meta-database for public carbohydrate sequences. It contains at present 35,056 unique structures in GlycoCT encoding, referencing more than 100,000 external records from 1845 different taxonomic sources. We have created a user-friendly, web-based graphical interface...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Ranzinger, R., Frank, M., von der Lieth, C.-W., Herget, S. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Modeling a congenital disorder of glycosylation type I in C. elegans: A genome-wide RNAi screen for N-glycosylation-dependent lociEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inefficient glycosylation caused by defective synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharide donor results in multi-systemic syndromes known as congenital disorders of glycosylation type I (CDG-I). Strong loss of function mutations are embryonic lethal, patients with partial losses of function are occasionally born but are very ill, presenting with defects in virtually every tissue. CDG-I clinical expression varies considerably and ranges from very mild to severe, and the underlying cause of the variable clinical features is not yet understood. We postulate that accompanying defects in an individual's genetic background enhance...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Struwe, W. B, Hughes, B. L, Osborn, D. W, Boudreau, E. D, Shaw, K. M D, Warren, C. E Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Stability of N-glycan profiles in human plasmaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glycan heterogeneity was shown to be associated with numerous diseases and glycan analysis has a great diagnostic potential. Recently, we reported high biological variability of human plasma N-glycome at the level of population. The observed variations were larger than changes reported to be associated with some diseases; thus, it was of great importance to examine the temporal constancy of human N-glycome before glycosylation changes could be routinely analyzed in diagnostic laboratories. Plasma samples were taken from 12 healthy individuals. The blood was drawn on seven occasions during 5 days. N-Linked glycans, released...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Gornik, O., Wagner, J., Pucic, M., Knezevic, A., Redzic, I., Lauc, G. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Development of a microtiter plate-based glycosaminoglycan array for the investigation of glycosaminoglycan-protein interactionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The interactions of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with proteins underlie a wide range of important biological processes. However, the study of such binding reactions has been hampered by the lack of a simple frontline analysis technique. Previously, we have reported that cold plasma polymerization can be used to coat microtiter plate surfaces with allyl amine to which GAGs (e.g., heparin) can be noncovalently immobilized retaining their ability to interact with proteins. Here, we have assessed the capabilities of surface coats derived from different ratios of allyl amine and octadiene (100:0 to 0:100) to support the binding of...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Marson, A., Robinson, D. E, Brookes, P. N, Mulloy, B., Wiles, M., Clark, S. J, Fielder, H. L, Collinson, L. J, Cain, S. A, Kielty, C. M, McArthur, S., Buttle, D. J, Short, R. D, Whittle, J. D, Day, A. J Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Fut2-null mice display an altered glycosylation profile and impaired BabA-mediated Helicobacter pylori adhesion to gastric mucosaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have used an animal model of nonsecretors, Fut2-null mice, to characterize the glycosylation profile and evaluate the effect of the observed glycan expression modifications in the process of H. pylori adhesion. We have demonstrated expression of terminal difucosylated glycan structures in C57Bl/6 mice gastric mucosa and that Fut2-null mice showed marked alteration in gastric mucosa glycosylation, characterized by diminished expression of (1,2)fucosylated structures as indicated by lectin and antibody staining and further confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This altered glycosylation profile was furth...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Magalhaes, A., Gomes, J., Ismail, M. N., Haslam, S. M, Mendes, N., Osorio, H., David, L., Le Pendu, J., Haas, R., Dell, A., Boren, T., Reis, C. A Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Glycosaminoglycan mimetics inhibit SDF-1/CXCL12-mediated migration and invasion of human hepatoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have recently reported that the CXC-chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 induces proliferation, migration, and invasion of the Huh7 human hepatoma cells through its G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 and that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are involved in these events. Here, we demonstrate by surface plasmon resonance that the chemokine binds to GAG mimetics obtained by grafting carboxylate, sulfate or acetate groups onto a dextran backbone. We also demonstrate that chemically modified dextrans inhibit SDF-1/CXCL12-mediated in vitro chemotaxis and anchorage-independent cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. ...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Friand, V., Haddad, O., Papy-Garcia, D., Hlawaty, H., Vassy, R., Hamma-Kourbali, Y., Perret, G.-Y., Courty, J., Baleux, F., Oudar, O., Gattegno, L., Sutton, A., Charnaux, N. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Caenorhabditis elegans galectins LEC-6 and LEC-1 recognize a chemically synthesized Gal{beta}1-4Fuc disaccharide unit which is present in Protostomia glycoconjugatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Galβ1-4GlcNAc is thought to be a common disaccharide unit preferentially recognized by vertebrate galectins. Eight-amino-acid residues conserved in proteins belonging to the galectin family have been suggested to be responsible for recognition. Meanwhile, we isolated and analyzed endogenous N-glycans of Caenorhabditis elegans that were captured by a C. elegans galectin LEC-6 and demonstrated that the unit of recognition for LEC-6 is a Gal-Fuc disaccharide, though the linkage between these residues was not confirmed. In the present study, we chemically synthesized Galβ1-4Fuc and Galβ1-3Fuc labeled with 2-amin...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Takeuchi, T., Nishiyama, K., Sugiura, K.-i., Takahashi, M., Yamada, A., Kobayashi, S., Takahashi, H., Natsugari, H., Kasai, K.-i. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Sialic acid feeding aged rats rejuvenates stimulated salivation and colon enteric neuron chemotypesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Old age is linked to numerous changes of body functions such as salivation, gastrointestinal motility, and permeability all linked to central and enteric nervous system decline. Thus, gut motility and barrier functions suffer. Sialic acid plays a key role in the nervous system at large and for many receptor functions specifically. Decreased sialylation in the elderly suggests an endogenous sialic acid deficit. We used a rat model of aging, to ask whether sialic acid feeding would affect (i) stimulated salivation, (ii) gut functions, and (iii) sialic acid levels and neuronal markers in brain and gut. We observed reduced lev...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Sprenger, N., Julita, M., Donnicola, D., Jann, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Structural analysis of chondroitin sulfate from Scyliorhinus canicula: A useful source of this polysaccharideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a constituent of proteoglycans, is a key component of the connective tissues and it is widely used as a precautionary drug for joint diseases; for this reason, the increased demand of this polysaccharide has posed the problem to identify new and secure sources of this product. In this context, CS from the cartilage of the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula, a cartilaginous fish) was isolated and investigated through chemical and spectroscopical techniques. The structural elucidation was performed on the entire polysaccharide and confirmed analyzing the products obtained via ABC lyase tr...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Gargiulo, V., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., De Castro, C. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Critical role of amino acid position 343 of surfactant protein-D in the selective binding of glycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a lectin that recognizes carbohydrates via its C-type carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), regulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)–macrophage interactions via recognition of M.tb mannosylated cell wall components. SP-D binds to, agglutinates, and reduces phagocytosis and intracellular growth of M.tb. Species-specific variations in the CRD amino acid sequence contribute to carbohydrate recognition preferences and have been exploited to enhance the antimicrobial properties of SP-D in vitro. Here, we characterized the binding interaction between several wild-type and mutant SP-D neck...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Carlson, T. K, Torrelles, J. B, Smith, K., Horlacher, T., Castelli, R., Seeberger, P. H, Crouch, E. C, Schlesinger, L. S Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Sorting of phosphoglucomutase to glycosomes in Trypanosoma cruzi is mediated by an internal domainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Trypanosoma cruzi relies on highly galactosylated molecules as virulence factors and the enzymes involved in sugar biosynthesis are potential therapeutic targets. The synthesis of UDP-galactose in T. cruzi requires the activity of phosphoglucomutase (PGM), the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate. Several enzymes that participate in carbohydrate metabolism in trypanosomes are confined to specialized peroxisome-like organelles called glycosomes. The majority of glycosomal proteins contain peroxisome-targeting signals (PTS) at the COOH- or at the amino-terminus, which drive...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Penha, L. L, Sant'Anna, C. B, Mendonca-Previato, L., Cunha-e-Silva, N. L, Previato, J. O, Lima, A. P. C A Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

A plant class V chitinase from a cycad (Cycas revoluta): Biochemical characterization, cDNA isolation, and posttranslational modificationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chitinase-A (CrChi-A) was purified from leaf rachises of Cycas revoluta by several steps of column chromatography. It was found to be a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 40 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.6. CrChi-A produced mainly (GlcNAc)3 from the substrate (GlcNAc)6 through a retaining mechanism. More interestingly, CrChi-A exhibited transglycosylation activity, which has not been observed in plant chitinases investigated so far. A cDNA encoding CrChi-A was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and polymerase chain reaction procedures. It consisted of 1399 nucleotides and encoded an open reading frame o...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Taira, T., Hayashi, H., Tajiri, Y., Onaga, S., Uechi, G.-i., Iwasaki, H., Ohnuma, T., Fukamizo, T. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

A novel fucosyl glycosphingolipid of brine shrimp that is highly sensitive to endoglycoceramidaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study also suggests the biological relevance of the glycosphingolipid as a dietary source of hydra which possesses EGCase as a digestion enzyme. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Xu, X., Horibata, Y., Inagaki, M., Hama, Y., Sakaguchi, K., Goda, H. M, Okino, N., Ito, M. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Phosphoethanolamine is located at the 6-position and not at the 7-position of the distal heptose residue in the lipopolysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have used standard NMR techniques to unequivocally show that the PEtn residue is actually located at the 6-position and not at the 7-position of the HepII residue in all of these strains. The 6-PEtn transferase genes were sequenced and their translated amino acid sequences were shown to be greater than 96% identical to that of the Lpt6 transferase from the L4 immunotype strain, which has been shown to transfer PEtn to the 6-position of the distal heptose residue. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to the immunotyping scheme for the meningococci and in the context of LPS-based vacci...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: St. Michael, F., Vinogradov, E., Wenzel, C. Q, McIntosh, B., Li, J., Hoe, J C., Richards, J. C, Cox, A. D Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Sialic acid content of tissue-specific gp96 and its potential role in modulating gp96-macrophage interactionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we report differences in the cancer-specific sialic acid content of gp96 purified from normal rat prostate compared to two rat prostate cancers, MAT-LyLu and Dunning G, as well as between two human prostate cancer cells, LnCaP and DU145. We also examined the modulatory effect of sialic acid residues on the binding of gp96 to APCs and its subsequent activation. Our results supported the contention that significant differences in the sialic acid content exist between Dunning G, MAT-LyLu, and normal rat prostate gp96, which affected its binding and biochemical activity to APCs. We therefore postulate that vari...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Suriano, R., Ghosh, S. K, Chaudhuri, D., Mittelman, A., Banerjee, A., Tiwari, R. K Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

A simple micro-method for determining precise oligosaccharidic specificity of mannose-binding lectinsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A simple and inexpensive method was developed to rapidly define the specificity of mannose-specific lectins toward oligomannoside-type structures. The method involved the interaction of a mixture of N-[14C]-acetylated glycoasparagines, prepared by exhaustive pronase digestion of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease B and N-[14C]-acetylation with [14C]-acetic anhydride and containing all the possible oligomannoside-type N-glycans, with the lectin immobilized on Sepharose-4B. After exhaustive desalting, the obtained fractions were separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates and visualized by autora...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Debray, H., Coddeville, B., Bomfim, L. R, Ramos, M. V Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

A novel role for Gtb1p in glucose trimming of N-linked glycansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glucosidase II (GluII) is a glycan-trimming enzyme active on nascent glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It trims the middle and innermost glucose residues (Glc2 and Glc1) from N-linked glycans. The monoglucosylated glycan produced by the first GluII trimming reaction is recognized by calnexin/calreticulin and serves as the signal for entry into this folding pathway. GluII is a heterodimer of and β subunits corresponding to yeast Gls2p and Gtb1p, respectively. While Gls2p contains the glucosyl hydrolase active site, the Gtb1p subunit has previously been shown to be essential for the Glc1 trimming event. H...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Quinn, R. P, Mahoney, S. J, Wilkinson, B. M, Thornton, D. J, Stirling, C. J Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Galectin-1 stimulates monocyte chemotaxis via the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway and a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Galectin-1, the prototype of a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, has been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes. Data presented herein show that galectin-1 stimulates monocyte migration in a dose-dependent manner but is not chemotactic for macrophages. Galectin-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis is blocked by lactose and inhibited by an anti-galectin-1 antibody but not by nonspecific antibodies. Furthermore, galectin-1-mediated monocyte migration was significantly inhibited by MEK inhibitors in a rapid, time-dependent manner suggesting that MAP kinase pathways are involved in galectin-1. Migration wa...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Malik, R. K J, Ghurye, R. R, Lawrence-Watt, D. J, Stewart, H. J S Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Metabolic glycoengineering: Sialic acid and beyondEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report provides a perspective on metabolic glycoengineering methodology developed over the past two decades that allows natural sialic acids to be replaced with chemical variants in living cells and animals. Examples are given demonstrating how this technology provides the glycoscientist with chemical tools that are beginning to reproduce Mother Nature's control over complex biological systems – such as the human brain – through subtle modifications in sialic acid chemistry. Several metabolic substrates (e.g., ManNAc, Neu5Ac, and CMP-Neu5Ac analogs) can be used to feed flux into the sialic acid biosyn...
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Du, J., Meledeo, M A., Wang, Z., Khanna, H. S, Paruchuri, V. D P, Yarema, K. J Tags: Review Source Type: journals

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Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Glyco-Forum section Source Type: journals

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Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Subscriptions Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: TOC Source Type: journals

GlycobiologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
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Source: Glycobiology - October 29, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Editorial Board Source Type: journals

Program and Abstracts for the 2009 Meeting of the Society for GlycobiologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Annual Conference Source Type: journals

Galectin-3 regulates peritoneal B1-cell differentiation into plasma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Extracellular galectin-3 participates in the control of B2 lymphocyte migration and adhesion and of their differentiation into plasma cells. Here, we analyzed the role of galectin-3 in B1-cell physiology and the balance between B1a and B1b lymphocytes in the peritoneal cavity. In galectin-3–/– mice, the total number of B1a lymphocytes was lower, while B1b lymphocyte number was higher as compared to wild-type mice. The differentiation of B1a cells into plasma cells was associated with their abnormal adhesion and location on the mesentery. The B220 and CD43, constitutively expressed by B1 lymphocytes, were respec...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Oliveira, F. L, Chammas, R., Ricon, L., Fermino, M. L, Bernardes, E. S, Hsu, D. K, Liu, F.-T., Borojevic, R., El-Cheikh, M. C Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

AftD, a novel essential arabinofuranosyltransferase from mycobacteriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) are the two major cell wall (lipo)polysaccharides of mycobacteria. They share arabinan chains made of linear segments of -1,5-linked d-Araf residues with some -1,3-branching, the biosynthesis of which offers opportunities for new chemotherapeutics. In search of the missing arabinofuranosyltransferases (AraTs) responsible for the formation of the arabinan domains of AG and LAM in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we identified Rv0236c (AftD) as a putative membrane-associated polyprenyl-dependent glycosyltransferase. AftD is 1400 amino acid-long, making it the largest predicted glyc...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Skovierova, H., Larrouy-Maumus, G., Zhang, J., Kaur, D., Barilone, N., Kordulakova, J., Gilleron, M., Guadagnini, S., Belanova, M., Prevost, M.-C., Gicquel, B., Puzo, G., Chatterjee, D., Brennan, P. J, Nigou, J., Jackson, M. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Comparative study of substrate and product binding to the human ABO(H) blood group glycosyltransferasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first comparative thermodynamic study of the human blood group glycosyltransferases, -(1->3)-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GTA) and -(1->3)-galactosyltransferase (GTB), interacting with donor substrates, donor and acceptor analogs, and trisaccharide products in vitro is reported. The binding constants, measured at 24°C with the direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS) assay, provide new insights into these model GTs and their interactions with substrate and product. Notably, the recombinant forms of GTA and GTB used in this study are shown to exist as homodimers, stabilized by noncovalent...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Soya, N., Shoemaker, G. K, Palcic, M. M, Klassen, J. S Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

First structural characterization of Burkholderia vietnamiensis lipooligosaccharide from cystic fibrosis-associated lung transplantation strainsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This is the first structural elucidation of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin isolated from Burkholderia vietnamiensis, a clinically important member of Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of over 10 opportunistic species that are highly problematic in cystic fibrosis. We have characterized a novel LOS structure extracted from two clonal strains of B. vietnamiensis isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient who underwent lung transplantation. Strains were selected from the pretransplantation and post-transplantation periods and endotoxin was extracted. Subsequent analysis interestingly revealed identical oligosacchari...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Ierano, T., Silipo, A., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Bryant, C., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Aldridge, C., Gould, F K., Corris, P. A, Khan, C M A., De Soyza, A., Molinaro, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Genetic and biochemical modulation of sialic acid O-acetylation on group B Streptococcus: Phenotypic and functional impactEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important human pathogen and a model system for studying the roles of bacterial glycosylation in host–microbe interactions. Sialic acid (Sia), expressed prominently in the GBS capsular polysaccharide (CPS), mimics mammalian cell surface Sia and can interact with host Sia-binding proteins to subvert immune clearance mechanisms. Our earlier work has shown that GBS partially O-acetylates CPS Sia residues and employs an intracellular O-acetylation/de-O-acetylation cycle to control the final level of this surface Sia modification. Here, we examine the effects of point mutations in the Neu...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Weiman, S., Dahesh, S., Carlin, A. F, Varki, A., Nizet, V., Lewis, A. L Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 is pivotal in the formation of iduronic acid blocks in dermatan sulfateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, D4ST-1 is a key enzyme and is indispensable in the formation of important functional domains in dermatan sulfate and cannot be compensated by other 4-O-sulfotransferases. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Pacheco, B., Maccarana, M., Malmstrom, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Residual dipolar coupling investigation of a heparin tetrasaccharide confirms the limited effect of flexibility of the iduronic acid on the molecular shape of heparinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The solution conformation of a fully sulfated heparin-derived tetrasaccharide, I, was studied in the presence of a 4-fold excess of Ca2+. Proton–proton and proton–carbon residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) were measured in a neutral aligning medium. The order parameters of two rigid hexosamine rings of I were determined separately using singular value decomposition and ab initio structures of disaccharide fragments of I. The order parameters were very similar implying that a common order tensor can be used to analyze the structure of I. Using one order tensor, RDCs of both hexosamine rings were used as restraints...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Jin, L., Hricovini, M., Deakin, J. A, Lyon, M., Uhrin, D. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

QCM-D studies of human norovirus VLPs binding to glycosphingolipids in supported lipid bilayers reveal strain-specific characteristicsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Susceptibility to norovirus infection has been linked to secretor status. Norovirus virus-like particles (VLPs; 0– 20 µg/mL) from the Norwalk (GI.1) and Dijon (GII.4) strains were assayed for binding to H type 1 and Lewis a pentaglycosylceramides, incorporated in laterally fluid supported lipid bilayers. Binding kinetics was monitored in real time in 40 µL stationary reaction chambers, using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring. Both strains displayed binding only to H type 1 and not to Lewis a glycosphingolipids, typical for epithelial cells of susceptible and resistant individ...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Rydell, G. E, Dahlin, A. B, Hook, F., Larson, G. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

A mathematical model to derive N-glycan structures and cellular enzyme activities from mass spectrometric dataEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Effective representation and characterization of biosynthetic pathways of glycosylation can be facilitated by mathematical modeling. This paper describes the expansion of a previously developed detailed model for N-linked glycosylation with the further application of the model to analyze MALDI-TOF mass spectra of human N-glycans in terms of underlying cellular enzyme activities. The glycosylation reaction network is automatically generated by the model, based on the reaction specificities of the glycosylation enzymes. The use of a molecular mass cutoff and a network pruning method typically limits the model size to about 1...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Krambeck, F. J, Bennun, S. V, Narang, S., Choi, S., Yarema, K. J, Betenbaugh, M. J Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Structural insights into what glycan arrays tell us about how glycan-binding proteins interact with their ligandsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Screening of glycan arrays represents a powerful, high-throughput approach to defining oligosaccharide ligands for glycan-binding receptors, commonly referred to as lectins. Correlating results from such arrays with structural analysis of receptor–ligand complexes provide one way to validate the arrays. Using examples drawn from the family of proteins that contain C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains, this review illustrates how information from the arrays reflects the way that selectivity and affinity for glycan ligands is achieved. A range of binding profiles is observed, from very restricted binding to a small ...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Taylor, M. E, Drickamer, K. Tags: Review Source Type: journals

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(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Glyco-Forum section Source Type: journals

Meeting AnnouncementsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Glyco-Forum section Source Type: journals

SubscriptionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
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Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Subscriptions Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
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Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: TOC Source Type: journals

GlycobiologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
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Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: Editorial Board Source Type: journals

Enabling techniques and strategic workflow for sulfoglycomics based on mass spectrometry mapping and sequencing of permethylated sulfated glycansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we demonstrate that the sulfated glycans, with and without additional sialylation, can be successfully permethylated by the sodium hydroxide slurry method and be distinguished from phosphorylated glycans by virtue of this derivatization. In conjunction with simple microscale postderivatization fractionation steps, permethyl derivatives fully retaining the negatively charged sulfate moiety and separated from the nonsulfated ones, can be efficiently detected and sequenced de novo by advanced MS/MS in the positive-ion mode. In particular, we show that the highly sequence and linkage informative high energy col...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Yu, S.-Y., Wu, S.-W., Hsiao, H.-H., Khoo, K.-H. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Sugar-binding activity of the MRH domain in the ER {alpha}-glucosidase II {beta} subunit is important for efficient glucose trimmingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glucosidase II (GII) is a glycan-processing enzyme that trims two 1,3-linked glucose residues from N-glycan on newly synthesized glycoproteins. Trimming of the first 1,3-linked glucose from Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 (G2M9) is important for a glycoprotein to interact with calnexin/calreticulin (CNX/CRT), and cleavage of the innermost glucose from Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 (G1M9) sets glycoproteins free from the CNX/CRT cycle and allows them to proceed to the Golgi apparatus. GII is a heterodimeric complex consisting of a catalytic subunit (GII) and a tightly associated β subunit (GIIβ) that contains a mannose 6-phosphate receptor hom...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Hu, D., Kamiya, Y., Totani, K., Kamiya, D., Kawasaki, N., Yamaguchi, D., Matsuo, I., Matsumoto, N., Ito, Y., Kato, K., Yamamoto, K. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Toward understanding of carbohydrate binding and substrate specificity of a glycosyl hydrolase 18 family (GH-18) chitinase from Trichoderma harzianumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been used to assay the roles of amino acid residues in the substrate binding cleft of Trichoderma harzianum chitinase Chit42, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH-18). Nine different Chit42 variants having amino acid mutations along the binding site cleft at subsites –4 to +2 were created and characterized with regard to their affinity toward chitinous and non-chitinous oligosaccharides. The catalytically inactive Chit42 mutant E172Q was used as the template for making the additional mutations. The E172Q mutant bound chitinoligosaccharides (tetra-, penta- and hexa...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Lienemann, M., Boer, H., Paananen, A., Cottaz, S., Koivula, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Free energy calculations of glycosaminoglycan-protein interactionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the first use of molecular dynamics (MD) free energy calculations using the MM/PBSA method to investigate the binding of GAGs to protein molecules, namely the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) and annexin A2. Calculations of the free energy of the binding of heparin fragments of different sizes reveal the existence of a region of low GAG-binding affinity in domains 5–6 of PECAM-1 and a region of high affinity in domains 2–3, consistent with experimental data and ligand–protein docking studies. A conformational hinge movement between domains 2 and 3 was observed, which allow...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Gandhi, N. S, Mancera, R. L Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Role of N-glycosylation of the SEA module of rodent Muc3 in posttranslational processing of its carboxy-terminal domainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A prominent feature of the rodent Muc3 SEA module is the precursor cleavage event that segregates the O-glycosylated N-terminal fragment and transmembrane domain into the noncovalently attached heterodimer. There are seven potential N-glycosylation sites that occur in a cluster in the SEA module of Muc3. However, it is unknown if these sites are modified or what the function of these N-glycans may be in the SEA module. Our data show that the proteolytic cleavage of the rodent Muc3 SEA module was partially prevented by treatment with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation. Each single mutant of the seven N-glycosylati...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: He, Y., Li, Y., Peng, Z., Yu, H., Zhang, X., Chen, L., Ji, Q., Chen, W., Wang, R. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

The second bovine {beta}-galactoside-{alpha}2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal II): genomic organization and stimulation of its in vitro expression by IL-6 in bovine mammary epithelial cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have cloned a cDNA sequence encoding the second bovine β-galactoside-2,6-sialyltransferase whose sequence shares more than 75% of identity with hST6Gal II cDNA coding sequence. The bovine gene, located on BTA 11, spans over 50 kbp with five exons (E1–E5) containing the 1488 bp open reading frame and a 5'-untranslated exon (E0). The gene expression pattern reveals a specific tissue distribution (brain, lungs, spleen, salivary, and mammary glands) compared to ST6Gal I which is ubiquitously expressed. We identified for bovine ST6Gal II three kinds of transcripts which differ by their 5'-untranslated regions. Amo...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Laporte, B., Gonzalez-Hilarion, S., Maftah, A., Petit, J.-M. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Chemical synthesis of 6(GlcNAc)- and 6(Gal)-O-sulfated SiaLeX tetrasaccharides in spacer-armed formEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Practical synthesis of tetrasaccharide sulfates, 6(GlcNAc)-O-Su-SiaLeX-OCH2CH2CH2NH2 and 6(Gal)-O-Su-SiaLeX-OCH2CH2CH2NH2 (Su SO3H), selectin ligands, and leu- kocyte trafficking agents is presented. Both sulfates were synthesized starting from the same precursor, protected SiaLex, by the conventional procedures of carbohydrate chemistry. The sulfated SiaLex derivative was modified at the spacer group to give 6(Gal)-O-Su-SiaLex- OCH2CH2CH2NH-COCH2CH2CCH, convenient for "click chemistry" mode conjugation with an azido carrier, particularly, for the synthesis of an immunogen. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Pazynina, G., Sablina, M., Mayzel, M., Nasonov, V., Tuzikov, A., Bovin, N. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

Effects of N-glycosylation on the activity and localization of GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferase 1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
N-Acetylglucosamine-6-sulfotransferase-1 (GlcNAc6ST-1) is a Golgi-resident glycoprotein that is responsible for sulfation of the l-selectin ligand on endothelial cells. Here, we report the sites at which GlcNAc6ST-1 is modified with N-linked glycans and the effects that each glycan has on enzyme activity, specificity, and localization. We determined that glycans are added at three of four potential N-linked glycosylation sites: N196, N410, and N428. The N428 glycan is required for the production of sulfated cell surface glycans: cells expressing a mutant enzyme lacking this glycan were unable to sulfate the sialyl Lewis X ...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Desko, M. M, Gross, D. A, Kohler, J. J Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals

A newly generated functional antibody identifies Tn antigen as a novel determinant in the cancer cell-lymphatic endothelium interactionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Malignant transformation of epithelial cells is frequently associated with the alteration of glycosylation pathways. Tn is a common tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen present in 90% of human carcinomas and its expression correlates with metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Despite its relevance, the functional role of Tn in tumor biology has not been firmly established probably for the lack of appropriate experimental tools. Our aims were to produce highly reactive monoclonal antibodies against Tn making use of synthetically produced Tn and to test their usefulness for in vivo imaging as well as to define their pote...
Source: Glycobiology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Danussi, C., Coslovi, A., Campa, C., Mucignat, M. T, Spessotto, P., Uggeri, F., Paoletti, S., Colombatti, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: journals