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ErratumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - November 19, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

Implementing the number needed to harm in clinical practice: risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-1-infected patients treated with abacavirEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The D:A:D study group reported a 1.9-fold increased relative risk (RR) of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with current or recent use of abacavir. The number needed to harm (NNH) incorporates information about the underlying risk of MI and the increased RR of MI in patients taking abacavir. NNH was calculated as the reciprocal of the difference between the underlying risks of MI with and without abacavir use. A parametric statistical model was used to calculate the underlying risk of MI over 5 years. The relationship between NNH and underlying risk of MI is reciprocal, resulting in wide variation in the NNH with small...
Source: HIV Medicine - October 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: JD Kowalska, O Kirk, A Mocroft, L Høj, N Friis-Møller, P Reiss, I Weller, JD Lundgren Source Type: journals

Trends in uptake of recently approved antiretrovirals within a national healthcare systemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to describe Veterans Healthcare Administration (VHA) system-wide uptake of three HIV protease inhibitors: atazanavir, darunavir and tipranavir. This retrospective cohort study evaluated VHA uptake of three target antiretrovirals and lopinavir/ritonavir in each complete 90-day quarter since approval to December 2007 using VHA HIV Clinical Case Registry data. We assessed uptake using number of new prescriptions, number of providers and facilities prescribing target agents, provider type, clinic type, facility size and location within four US regions. Overall, 6551 HIV-infected veterans received targe...
Source: HIV Medicine - October 22, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: PS Belperio, LA Mole, DB Boothroyd, LI Backus Source Type: journals

Steady-state amprenavir and tenofovir pharmacokinetics after coadministration of unboosted or ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in healthy volunteersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An open-label, three-period pharmacokinetic study was conducted to investigate the drug interaction potential between fosamprenavir (FPV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Thirty-six healthy subjects received TDF 300 mg once daily (qd) for 7 days (period 1), and then were randomized to 14 days of either FPV 1400 mg twice daily (bid) or FPV/ritonavir (RTV) 700/100 mg bid alone or with TDF (period 2). Subjects continued their randomized dose of FPV for 14 more days, adding or removing TDF based upon its receipt in period 2 (period 3). Twenty-four-hour pharmacokinetic sampling was carried out on day 7 of period 1 and o...
Source: HIV Medicine - October 22, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: AD Luber, DV Condoluci, PD Slowinski, M Andrews, K Olson, CA Peloquin, KA Pappa, GE Pakes Source Type: journals

Nonconcordance between subclinical atherosclerosis and the calculated Framingham risk score in HIV-infected patients: relationships with serum markers of oxidation and inflammationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HIV-infected patients show an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk resulting, essentially, from metabolic disturbances related to chronic infection and antiretroviral treatments. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the agreement between the CVD risk estimated using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and the observed presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients; (2) to investigate the relationships between CVD and plasma biomarkers of oxidation and inflammation. Atherosclerosis was evaluated in 187 HIV-infected patients by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). CVD risk was est...
Source: HIV Medicine - October 21, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: S Parra, B Coll, G Aragonés, J Marsillach, R Beltrán, A Rull, J Joven, C Alonso-Villaverde, J Camps Source Type: journals

Prospective epidemiological study of the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701 in HIV-1-infected UK subjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701 is strongly associated with developing a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir (ABC) in White and Hispanic subjects. Across the UK, limited data exist on HLA-B*5701 prevalence in HIV-1-infected subjects. We determined HLA-B*5701 prevalence in the general HIV-1-infected population and in specific ethnic groups, particularly Black Africans who, in general, exhibit greater genetic diversity. We also compared HLA-B*5701 results obtained from local laboratories with those from a central provider. Multi-centre, observational study. All HIV-1-infected adult individuals receiving care at partic...
Source: HIV Medicine - September 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: C Orkin, ST Sadiq, L Rice, F Jackson Source Type: journals

Risk factors for HIV transmission among heterosexual discordant couples in South India*Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To assess the risk factors associated with heterosexual HIV transmission among South Indian discordant couples enrolled in clinical care. A nested matched case[ndash]control study of serodiscordant couples in which the HIV-infected partner (index case) was enrolled in care. Demographic and clinical characteristics, sexual behaviours, CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA loads were measured at enrolment and longitudinally over 12 months of follow-up. The study included 70 cases who seroconverted during study follow-up and 167 matched controls who remained persistently serodiscordant. The incidence of HIV infection among the ...
Source: HIV Medicine - September 23, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: N Kumarasamy, KK Venkatesh, AK Srikrishnan, L Prasad, P Balakrishnan, E Thamburaj, J Sharma, S Solomon, K Mayer Source Type: journals

Large particle hyaluronic acid for the treatment of facial lipoatrophy in HIV-positive patients: 3-year follow-up studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Facial lipoatrophy can be a stigmatizing side effect of antiretroviral (AVR) treatment for HIV-infected patients. We sought to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of a new formulation of hyaluronic acid that can be injected in larger amounts and into deeper skin layers during 3 years of follow-up. Twenty patients received injections of Restylane SubQ[trade]. Refill treatment was offered at 12 and 24 months. Treatment effects were evaluated using ultrasound, the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Seventeen patients remained at 36 months. Mean (± stand...
Source: HIV Medicine - September 23, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: L Skeie, H Bugge, A Negaard, BM Bergersen Source Type: journals

CD81 expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after treatment with interferon and ribavirin in HIV/HCV coinfected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CD81 is expressed on lymphocytes and confers HCV viral infectivity support. The aim of our study was to quantify CD81 expression in peripheral blood B- and T-cells of HCV/HIV-coinfected patients and healthy subjects to examine its association with several HCV virological characteristics and the therapeutic responsiveness to HCV antiviral treatment. We carried out a cross-sectional study on 122 naïve patients. For a duration of 48 weeks, 24 out of 122 patients underwent HCV antiviral therapy with interferon (IFN)-[alpha] and ribavirin. T- and B-cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry. We found that HIV/HCV coinfected ...
Source: HIV Medicine - September 23, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: D Micheloud, J González-Nicolás, J Berenguer, R Lorente, P Miralles, JC López, J Cosín, P Catalán, MaÁ Muñoz-Fernández, S Resino Source Type: journals

Towards a combined prognostic index for survival in HIV infection: the role of 'non-HIV' biomarkersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As those with HIV infection live longer, 'non-AIDS' condition associated with immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation are more common. We ask whether 'non-HIV' biomarkers improve differentiation of mortality risk among individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Using Poisson models, we analysed data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) on HIV-infected veterans initiating cART between 1 January 1997 and 1 August 2002. Measurements included: HIV biomarkers (CD4 cell count, HIV RNA and AIDS-defining conditions); 'non-HIV' biomarkers (haemoglobin, transaminases, platelets, creatinine, and hepati...
Source: HIV Medicine - September 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: AC Justice, KA McGinnis, M Skanderson, CC Chang, CL Gibert, MB Goetz, D Rimland, MC Rodriguez-Barradas, KK Oursler, ST Brown, RS Braithwaite, M May, KE Covinsky, MS Roberts, SL Fultz, KJ Bryant Source Type: journals

ErratumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - September 2, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

Prevalence of etravirine mutations and impact on response to treatment in routine clinical care: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Etravirine (ETV) is a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with reduced cross-resistance to first-generation NNRTIs, which has been primarily studied in randomized clinical trials and not in routine clinical settings. ETV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were investigated by analysing 6072 genotypic tests. The antiviral activity of ETV was predicted using different interpretation systems: International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA), Stanford, Rega and Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS). The prevalence of ETV RAMs was higher in NNRTI-exposed patients [44.9%,...
Source: HIV Medicine - September 1, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: AU Scherrer, B Hasse, V von Wyl, S Yerly, J Böni, P Bürgisser, T Klimkait, HC Bucher, B Ledergerber, HF Günthard Source Type: journals

Fertility needs and funding in couples with blood-borne viral infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Couples infected with HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are increasingly seeking assisted conception. These couples avoid unprotected intercourse and use condoms at all times in order to minimize the risk of infecting their partner. As this practice inhibits pregnancy, assisted procreation is generally required for safe conception. For many couples, access to such services is restricted on ethical, geographical and financial grounds. The aim of the study was to assess the fertility needs, geographical origin and state funding of patients with blood-borne viral infection. A retrospective review of the...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: E Kalu, R Wood, M Vourliotis, C Gilling-Smith Source Type: journals

Insights into reasons for discontinuation according to year of starting first regimen of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of antiretroviral-naïve patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to determine whether the incidence of first-line treatment discontinuations and their causes changed according to the time of starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in an Italian cohort. We included in the study patients from the Italian COhort Naïve Antiretrovirals (ICoNA) who initiated HAART when naïve to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The endpoints were discontinuation within the first year of [ge]1 drug in the first HAART regimen for any reason, intolerance/toxicity, poor adherence, immunovirological/clinical failure and simplification. We investigated whether the time of starti...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: P Cicconi, A Cozzi-Lepri, A Castagna, EM Trecarichi, A Antinori, F Gatti, G Cassola, L Sighinolfi, P Castelli, A d'Arminio Monforte Source Type: journals

Discordant responses on starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: suboptimal CD4 increases despite early viral suppression in the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Study*Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to determine the incidence of a discordant response at two time-points, soon after 6 months and at 12 months, and to determine the relationship with clinical outcomes. Data obtained in the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort Study were analysed. A total of 2584 treatment-naïve patients starting HAART with HIV viral load (VL)>1000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL at baseline and (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: R Gilson, S-L Man, A Copas, A Rider, S Forsyth, T Hill, L Bansi, K Porter, B Gazzard, C Orkin, D Pillay, A Schwenk, M Johnson, P Easterbook, J Walsh, M Fisher, C Leen, J Anderson, CA Sabin Source Type: journals

Risk factors for and clinical characteristics of severe hyperlactataemia in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: a case–control studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Symptomatic hyperlactataemia and lactic acidosis (SHLA) are potentially life-threatening complications associated with stavudine (d4T), an antiretroviral therapy (ART) drug widely used in developing countries. Cases comprised all symptomatic patients with measured lactates [ge]5 mmol/L referred to a South African hospital between August 2003 and November 2005. Matched controls were selected according to facility and duration on ART. Seventy-one cases and 142 controls were included in the study. The majority of cases presented between 6 and 18 months on ART. Female sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 23.4; 95% confidence interva...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 20, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M Osler, D Stead, K Rebe, G Meintjes, A Boulle Source Type: journals

Immunosuppression among HIV-1-positive patients attending for care: experience from two large HIV centres in the United KingdomEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of and examine the factors associated with immunosuppression (CD4200 cells/[mu]L (group B; late presenters). Of 4589 patients, 10.2% (467) had at least one CD4 count (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - August 19, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: D Harte, O Dosekun, G Sethi, T Chadborn, A de Ruiter, A Copas, SG Edwards, RF Miller Source Type: journals

Long-term (96-week) follow-up of antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients treated with first-line lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in the MONARK trial*Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The toxicities, cost and complexity of triple combinations warrant the search for other treatment options, such as boosted protease inhibitor (PI) monotherapy. MONotherapy AntiRetroviral Kaletra (MONARK) is the first randomized trial comparing lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy to triple combination therapy with zidovudine/lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir in antiretroviral-naïve patients. A total of 136 antiretroviral-naïve patients, with a CD4 cell count above 100 cells/[mu]L and a plasma HIV RNA below 100 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, were randomized and dosed with either lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy (n=83) or lopinavir/r...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: J Ghosn, P Flandre, I Cohen-Codar, P-M Girard, M-L Chaix, F Raffi, P Dellamonica, P NgoVan, M Norton, J-F Delfraissy Source Type: journals

Emergency department utilization among HIV-infected patients in a multisite multistate study*Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to examine Emergency Department (ED) utilization and clinical and sociodemographic correlates of ED use among HIV-infected patients. During 2003, 951 patients participated in face-to-face interviews at 14 HIV clinics in the HIV Research Network. Respondents reported the number of ED visits in the preceding 6 months. Using logistic regression, we identified factors associated with visiting the ED in the last 6 months and admission to the hospital from the ED. Thirty-two per cent of respondents reported at least one ED visit in the last 6 months. In multivariate analysis, any ED use was associated w...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 12, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: JS Josephs, JA Fleishman, PT Korthuis, RD Moore, KA Gebo Source Type: journals

Abacavir and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a population-based nationwide cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to examine whether exposure to abacavir increases the risk for myocardial infarction (MI). This was a prospective nationwide cohort study which included all Danish HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) from 1995 to 2005 (N=2952). Data on hospitalization for MI and comorbidity were obtained from Danish medical databases. Hospitalization rates for MI after HAART initiation were calculated for patients who used abacavir and those who did not. We used Cox's regression to compute incidence rate ratios (IRR) as a measure of relative risk for MI, while controlling for poten...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 12, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: N Obel, DK Farkas, G Kronborg, CS Larsen, G Pedersen, A Riis, C Pedersen, J Gerstoft, HT Sørensen Source Type: journals

Prevalence of drug resistance and importance of viral load measurements in Honduran HIV-infected patients failing antiretroviral treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Honduran HIV/AIDS Program began to scale up access to HIV therapy in 2002. Up to May 2008, more than 6000 patients received combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). As HIV drug resistance is the major obstacle for effective treatment, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in Honduran HIV-1-infected individuals. We collected samples from 138 individuals (97 adults and 41 children) on cART with virological, immunological or clinical signs of treatment failure. HIV-1 pol sequences were obtained using an in-house method. Resistance mutations were identified according to ...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 3, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wendy Murillo, Ivette Lorenzana de Rivera, Leda Parham, Enrique Jovel, Elsa Palou, Annika C. Karlsson, Jan Albert Source Type: journals

Efficacy and safety of boosted and unboosted atazanavir-containing antiretroviral regimens in real life: results from a multicentre cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Atazanavir (ATV) has demonstrated high efficacy and safety in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients. Some comparative data are available on the durability of ritonavir-boosted (ATV/r) and unboosted formulations, but there are no data on clinicians' motivations for choosing one or another in everyday practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of boosted and unboosted ATV in a cohort of treatment-experienced patients. All patients included in the study were enrolled in an observational cohort within the Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) Project. Dat...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 2, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: R Giuntini, C Martinelli, E Ricci, F Vichi, E Gianelli, G Madeddu, C Abeli, L Palvarini, G Penco, P Marconi, C Grosso, G Pellicano, P Bonfanti, T Quirino Source Type: journals

Diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in HIV and hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients via a new noninvasive index: the HGM-3 indexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Noninvasive tests are increasingly being used for the assessment of liver fibrosis. We aimed to develop a serum index for the identification of advanced fibrosis (F[ge]3) in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. We carried out a cross-sectional study on a group of 195 patients comprised of an estimation group (EG; n=127) and a validation group (VG; n=68) who all underwent liver biopsy and had not received previous interferon therapy. Liver fibrosis was estimated using the METAVIR score. We developed a new serum index (HGM-3) dependent on levels of platelets, alkaline phosphatase, hepatic growth factor, tissue in...
Source: HIV Medicine - August 2, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: S Resino, D Micheloud, P Miralles, JM Bellón, A Vargas, P Catalán, E Álvarez, J Cosín, R Lorente, JC López, MA Muñoz-Fernández, J Berenguer Source Type: journals

A 5-year longitudinal follow-up study of serological responses to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination among patients with HIV infection who received highly active antiretroviral therapy*Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Long-term antibody responses to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are rarely investigated. Antibody responses to three pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides [Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) 14, 19F and 23F] were assessed among 169 HIV-infected patients who received HAART and 23-valent PPV. Patients were stratified into four groups according to CD4 count at vaccination: group 1, CD4100 cells/[mu]L at vaccination and achieved better virological suppression throughout the 5-year period, while the absolute increases of CD4 ce...
Source: HIV Medicine - July 29, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: C-C Hung, S-Y Chang, C-T Su, Y-Y Chen, S-F Chang, C-Y Yang, W-C Liu, C-H Wu, S-C Chang Source Type: journals

Smoking cessation in HIV patients: rate of success and associated factorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Smoking is the modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor that contributes most to causing premature CV disease. Prevalence of smoking in patients with HIV infection is double that of the general population. To determine the rate of patients succeeding in quitting smoking after 12 months, factors associated with this success, and the characteristics of tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence. Longitudinal descriptive study. Three hundred and sixty-eight HIV-infected patients were interviewed. Smokers in Prochaska's stage of action began a programme to quit smoking. We registered the variables related to tobacco consump...
Source: HIV Medicine - July 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M Fuster, V Estrada, MC Fernandez-Pinilla, ME Fuentes-Ferrer, MJ Tellez, J Vergas, S Serrano, A Fernandez-Cruz Source Type: journals

Criteria for initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy and short-term immune response among HIV-1-infected patients in Côte d'IvoireEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aims of this study were to determine the predictors of CD4 count below 200 cells/[mu]L and to propose an algorithm for antiretroviral therapy initiation; and to assess the determinants of immune response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Côte d'Ivoire. A total of 615 consecutive patients attending an HIV/AIDS day hospital were enrolled in the study. We constructed a score system based on the results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the predictors of CD4 count 50 cells/[mu]L after HAART initiation. Total lymphocyte count (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - July 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: S Diabaté, M Alary Source Type: journals

High rates of active hepatitis B and C co-infections in HIV-1 infected Cameroonian adults initiating antiretroviral therapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon. Baseline blood samples from 169 patients were tested retrospectively for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc), anti-HCV and [ndash] if HBsAg or anti-HCV result was positive or indeterminate [ndash] for HBV DNA or HCV RNA, respectively, using the Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan quantitative assay (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). HBV DNA was detected in 14 of the 18 patients with positive or indeterminate HBsAg results [8....
Source: HIV Medicine - July 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: C Laurent, A Bourgeois, E Mpoudi-Ngolé, C Kouanfack, L Ciaffi, N Nkoué, R Mougnutou, A Calmy, S Koulla-Shiro, J Ducos, E Delaporte Source Type: journals

Depression in patients with HIV is under-diagnosed: a cross-sectional study in DenmarkEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
International studies suggesting that 20[ndash]37% of HIV-positive patients have diagnosable depression may underestimate the prevalence of this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression among HIV-positive patients in an out-patient clinic in Denmark and to detect factors of importance for the development of depression. In 2005, a population of 205 HIV-positive patients was included in a questionnaire-based study. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) was used to assess the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms. Patients with a BDI score of 20 or above were offered a clin...
Source: HIV Medicine - July 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: L Rodkjaer, T Laursen, N Balle, M Sodemann Source Type: journals

Higher risk of AIDS or death in patients with lower CD4 cell counts after virally suppressive HAARTEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The clinical implications of a failure to achieve high CD4 cell counts while receiving virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are uncertain. We analysed data from HIV-infected men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to elucidate associations between CD4 cell counts achieved during virally suppressive HAART and risks of AIDS or death. Inclusion criteria were: CD4 cell count (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - July 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: BO Taiwo, X Li, F Palella, LP Jacobson, JB Margolick, R Detels, CR Rinaldo, JP Phair Source Type: journals

Deferred modification of antiretroviral regimen following documented treatment failure in Asia: results from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to examine the rates and predictors of treatment modification following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) failure in Asian patients with HIV enrolled in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD). Treatment failure (immunological, virological and clinical) was defined by World Health Organization criteria. Countries were categorized as high or low income by World Bank criteria. Among 2446 patients who initiated cART, 447 were documented to have developed treatment failure over 5697 person-years (7.8 per 100 person-years). A total of 253 patients changed at least one drug after failur...
Source: HIV Medicine - July 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: J Zhou, PCK Li, N Kumarasamy, M Boyd, YMA Chen, T Sirisanthana, S Sungkanuparph, S Oka, G Tau, P Phanuphak, V Saphonn, FJ Zhang, SFS Omar, CKC Lee, R Ditangco, TP Merati, PL Lim, JY Choi, MG Law, S Pujari Source Type: journals

Identification of new genotypic cut-off levels to predict the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir/ritonavir in the TITAN trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Genotypic algorithms used to predict the clinical efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) have included a range of mutation lists and efficacy endpoints. Normally, HIV clinical trials are powered to detect a difference between treatment arms of 10[ndash]12% for the endpoint of viral load suppression 1000 copies/mL. This analysis aimed to re-evaluate resistance algorithms for LPV/r in the TITAN trial. Baseline genotype data were classified using seven genotypic resistance algorithms: International AIDS Society USA (IAS-USA) LPV mutations (current cut-off=6), Abbott 2007 mutation list (cut-off=3), ANRS mutations (cut-off=4),...
Source: HIV Medicine - July 5, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: A Hill, A-G Marcelin, V Calvez Source Type: journals

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in HIV-positive patients: lack of association with human papillomavirus infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neoplasms associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection occur at increased frequency in patients with HIV infection/AIDS. Although laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs) in HIV-positive patients are uncommon, a higher incidence of this malignancy in HIV-positive patients than in the general population has been reported. As a proportion of LSCCs are associated with HPV in the general population, the clinicopathological features of a series of LSCCs developing in HIV-positive patients were evaluated to investigate the possible relationship with HPV infection, and infection with other oncogenic viruses. All HIV-pos...
Source: HIV Medicine - July 5, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: S Moyano, J Ordi, M Caballero, F Garcia, A Diaz, S de Sanjose, A Cardesa, L Alos Source Type: journals

Changes in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk after a switch to abacavir in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate, using a longitudinal design, whether biomarkers of cardiovascular risk change after a switch to an abacavir (ABC)-containing regimen in HIV-1-infected individuals already receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thirty-five HIV-1-infected individuals who switched ART to an ABC-containing regimen were identified. Twenty-two HIV-1-infected individuals who switched ART from and to a non-ABC-containing regimen served as controls. Plasma concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), myeloper...
Source: HIV Medicine - July 4, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: US Kristoffersen, K Kofoed, G Kronborg, T Benfield, A Kjaer, A-M Lebech Source Type: journals

Effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone on the efficacy of first-line boosted highly active antiretroviral therapy based on protease inhibitors: meta-regression analysis of 12 clinical trials in 5168 patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) and abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) are widely used with ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) as first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but there is conflicting evidence on their relative efficacy. The ACTG 5202 and BICOMBO trials suggested higher efficacy for TDF/FTC, whereas the HEAT trial showed no efficacy difference between the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbones. A systematic MEDLINE search identified 21 treatment arms in 12 clinical trials of 5168 antiretroviral-naïve patients, where TDF/FTC (n=3399) or ABC/3TC (n=1769) was used ...
Source: HIV Medicine - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: A Hill, W Sawyer Source Type: journals

Boosted protease inhibitors as a therapeutic option in the treatment of HIV-infected childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to review the use of boosted PI regimens in children. Systematic literature searches of published manuscripts and conference databases using generic drug names and specific keywords were performed to ensure thorough and balanced reporting of available data. Boosted PI regimens offer multiple options across a range of ages and are efficacious in naïve and experienced children; safety and tolerability are similar to those observed in adults. Novel boosted PI simplification approaches may foster adherence and diminish resistance. Boosted PIs are key components of first- and second-line treatme...
Source: HIV Medicine - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: JT Ramos Source Type: journals

Impact of hyperglycaemia and cholesterol levels on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HIV/HCV-coinfected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
High serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels have been demonstrated to increase the probability of a sustained viral response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C. Conversely, insulin resistance reduces SVR rates. We investigated the influence of baseline glucose and lipid values on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HIV-1 infected subjects. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with an interferon-based regimen from 2002 to 2008. Fasting glucose levels and total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels were recorded prior to the initiation of treatme...
Source: HIV Medicine - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M Cesari, I Caramma, S Antinori, F Adorni, M Galli, L Milazzo Source Type: journals

Active tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in patients with HIV/AIDSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of TB, the prevalence of LIMTb and the coverage of the TT and IT, and to estimate the number of missed opportunities to prevent TB in patients with HIV/AIDS. A random sample of patients with HIV/AIDS was selected; data from the medical files were obtained, and a TT was performed in consenting subjects. In the 203 subjects included in the study, TB occurrence was 13.3%, LIMTb prevalence was 20% and the coverage of the TT and IT was 59.2 and 55%, respectively. Patients with TB had a lower nadir CD4 cell count, but their CD4 recovery was comparable to that of non...
Source: HIV Medicine - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: EB Gutierrez, V Gomes, CM Picone, H Suga, AN Atomiya Source Type: journals

The relationship between antiretroviral prescription patterns and treatment guidelines in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between antiretroviral treatments (ARTs) prescribed in clinical practice and the recommendations in published guidelines. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in ART-naïve adults of the Spanish Asociacion Medica Vach de Estudios Multicentricos (VACH) Cohort for the period from 2003 to 2006. A total of 945 patients initiated ART. Of these patients, 12.3% had a CD4 cell count above 350 cells/[mu]L. A 'nonrecommended' antiretroviral regimen was prescribed to 5.3, 5.1 and 7.8% of patients with CD4 counts 350 cells/[mu]L, respectively. Multivariate analyses demo...
Source: HIV Medicine - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: I Suarez-Lozano, P Viciana, J-R Lacalle, R Teira, F Lozano, J Lopez-Aldeguer, E Pedrol, P Domingo, J Cosin, B Roca, P Geijo, B Fuente, A Vergara, E Ribera, M-J Galindo, A Zapata, T Sanchez, F Vidal, A Munoz-Sanz, J Munoz-Sanchez, M Garrido Source Type: journals

Discordance in HIV-1 viral loads and antiretroviral drug concentrations comparing semen and blood plasmaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For individuals not on antiretroviral therapy, the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV appears negligible when blood plasma (BP) viral loads are (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - June 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: G Lorello, C la Porte, R Pilon, G Zhang, T Karnauchow, P MacPherson Source Type: journals

Mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of blood mononuclear cells in untreated HIV-1 infected patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Infection with HIV leads to progressive CD4 T-cell loss, resulting in AIDS. Apoptosis is the main mechanism for the loss of infected and bystander cells, but the complex interacting factors inducing and inhibiting apoptosis are not fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal step of the apoptotic cascade and can result in reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial membrane potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was measured by flow cytometry using the dye JC-1 (Molecular Probes Inc). Apoptotic cells were identified using the Annexin V assay (Becton Dickinson GmbH). The mitochon...
Source: HIV Medicine - June 2, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: T Sternfeld, A Tischleder, M Schuster, JR Bogner Source Type: journals

The individual and combined influence of HIV and hepatitis C virus on dyslipidaemia in a high-risk Hispanic populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To assess the effects of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV infection on dyslipidaemia in a Hispanic population at high risk of insulin resistance. We compared serum lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 257 Hispanic adults including 47 HIV- mono-infected, 43 HCV-mono-infected and 59 HIV/HCV-co-infected individuals as well as 108 healthy controls. We also assessed the effect of HCV on lipid alterations associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the impact of HCV and HIV on the associations among insulin resistance, triglycerides and cholesterol. HCV infection was associated with lower total and low-density lipoprote...
Source: HIV Medicine - June 1, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: JE Forrester, BH McGovern, MS Rhee, RK Sterling Source Type: journals

Influence of darunavir coadministration on nevirapine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients: a population approachEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The influence of ritonavir-boosted darunavir coadministration on nevirapine pharmacokinetics was investigated in HIV-infected patients using a population-based approach. The population was composed of 51 patients (89 samples; 42 patients treated with an antiretroviral regimen containing nevirapine and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nine patients treated with a regimen containing a combination of nevirapine and darunavir). A one-compartment model with first-order absorption was fitted to the data using nonmem version V (GloboMax, Ellicott City, MD, USA). Relationships were established between nev...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 23, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: E Dailly, F Raffi, P Perré, J Martin, G Deslandes, P Jolliet Source Type: journals

CYP2B6 G516T genotyping in a UK cohort of HIV-positive patients: polymorphism frequency and influence on efavirenz discontinuationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to develop a CYP2B6 G516T genotyping assay to identify individuals at risk of efavirenz toxicity. The frequency of this polymorphism in a UK HIV-infected population and its prevalence in individuals who had discontinued efavirenz were also to be assessed. Genomic DNA from HIV-positive patients (n=206) attending clinic at Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust was extracted from spare blood taken for CD4 monitoring. An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the CYP2B6 G516T polymorphism was used to assign patients' genotypes. Patients' age, sex, ethnicity and drug history were also ...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 21, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: V Powers, J Ward, M Gompels Source Type: journals

A large French prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients: the Nadis CohortEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this article is to describe the development of a dynamic French cohort of HIV-infected patients, the methodological issues and decisions made, and the characteristics of the patients currently enrolled. Data are collected during medical encounters. Data quality is ensured by automated checks during data capture, by regular controls, by annual assessments, and by ad hoc processes before any scientific analysis is performed. In September 2007, 10 458 patients representing 59 383 patient-years of follow-up were followed in our centres, including 446 with a first HIV diagnosis in the past year. Among these recently ...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 21, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: P Pugliese, L Cuzin, A Cabié, I Poizot-Martin, C Allavena, C Duvivier, M El Guedj, X de la Tribonnière, MA Valantin, P Dellamonica Source Type: journals

Lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy are independently associated with hypertension*Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy are associated with metabolic abnormalities, but little is known about their impact on hypertension. We conducted this study to determine the associations of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy with hypertension. A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients who completed a self-report body morphology assessment was performed. We defined hypertension as a clinical diagnosis, or a mean systolic blood pressure (BP)>140 mmHg or diastolic BP>90 mmHg in the previous 6 months. We used logistic regression to examine the association between hypertension and body morphology. Among 347 patients, there ...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 21, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: HM Crane, C Grunfeld, RD Harrington, MM Kitahata Source Type: journals

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pregnancy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: is it time to move on from zidovudine?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Zidovudine (ZDV) has been the cornerstone of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for pregnant women infected with HIV-1 in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and remains the only licensed ARV for use in pregnancy. We explored the current and future roles of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in the prevention of MTCT of HIV-1. We reviewed the published literature by conducting database searches of in vitro, animal and clinical studies, reported in journals and at conferences, using the search terms Tenofovir/gs4331/viread, pregnant/pregnancy, lactate, lactation, natal, reproduce/reproduction, placenta/placenta...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 15, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: C Foster, H Lyall, B Olmscheid, G Pearce, S Zhang, DM Gibb Source Type: journals

Trends in mortality and antibiotic resistance among HIV-infected patients with invasive pneumococcal diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to describe trends and risk factors for mortality and changes in antibiotic resistance, serotypes and clones among HIV-infected patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). A prospective study of 199 episodes of IPD occurring in a cohort of 4011 HIV-infected patients was carried out. Predictors of mortality included clinical and microbiological data. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) for children was introduced in late 2001. Time periods were classified for mortality studies as pre- (1986[ndash]1996), early (1997[ndash]2001) and late (2002[ndash]2007) highly active antiretrov...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 7, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: I Grau, C Ardanuy, J Liñares, D Podzamczer, MH Schulze, R Pallares Source Type: journals

Sub-optimal CD4 recovery on long-term suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with favourable outcomeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To examine risk factors for sub-optimal CD4 recovery on suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and assess long-term clinical and immunological outcomes. Retrospective analysis of 286 HIV-positive patients from a university clinic who initiated HAART with CD4 count (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: NF Önen, ET Overton, R Presti, C Blair, WG Powderly, K Mondy Source Type: journals

Cryptogenic liver disease in HIV-seropositive menEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we determined clinical factors associated with the development of cryptogenic liver disease in HIV-infected individuals. HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients undergoing evaluation for liver transplantation were selected if they met clinical criteria for cryptogenic liver disease. Clinical data were collected retrospectively, and radiological and histological data were reviewed separately. Nine HIV-seropositive individuals were compared with 41 HIV-seronegative patients with cryptogenic liver disease. Only one HIV-seropositive patient (11%) had cirrhosis, compared to 39 HIV-seronegative patients (93%) ...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: MH Dinh, V Stosor, SM Rao, FH Miller, RM Green Source Type: journals

Long-term follow-up of nevirapine-treated patients in a single-centre cohortEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We reviewed the safety and efficacy of nevirapine (NVP)-based therapy in all patients initiating NVP-containing combined antiretroviral therapy [cART ([ge]3 drugs)] in our clinic since 1994. Patient characteristics and laboratory values from the start of the NVP-based cART regimen to the last available follow-up or to NVP discontinuation were retrieved from an observational database. Five hundred and seventy-three patients were treated with NVP-based cART for a median of 18.4 (range 0.1[ndash]128.8) months. The 1-year cumulative estimated probability of discontinuing NVP-containing regimens for toxicity was 0.203. Only 1.9...
Source: HIV Medicine - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M Colafigli, S Di Giambenedetto, L Bracciale, I Fanti, M Prosperi, R Cauda, A De Luca Source Type: journals