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Adolescent Exposure to Anabolic/Androgenic Steroids and the Neurobiology of Offensive Aggression: A Hypothalamic Neural Model Based on Findings in Pubertal Syrian Hamsters.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Considerable public attention has been focused on the issue of youth violence, particularly that associated with drug use. It is documented that anabolic steroid use by teenagers is associated with a higher incidence of aggressive behavior and serious violence, yet little is known about how these drugs produce the aggressive phenotype. Here we discuss work from our laboratory on the relationship between the development and activity of select neurotransmitter systems in the anterior hypothalamus and anabolic steroid-induced offensive aggression using pubertal male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as an adolescent ...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Melloni RH, Ricci LA Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Central administration of substance P inhibits feeding behavior in chicks.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether central administration of substance P (SP), a tachykinin neuropeptide, influenced feeding behavior in layer chicks (Gallus gallus). Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of 5 nmol SP decreased food intake in 5- and 6-day-old chicks under both ad libitum and 3-h fasting conditions. There are 3 major subtypes of tachykinin receptors, namely, neurokinin 1, 2 and 3 receptors. Injection of neurokinin A and neurokinin B, which are respectively endogenous agonists for neurokinin 2 and 3 receptors, did not suppress feeding behavior in chicks, suggesting that the anor...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tachibana T, Khan MS, Matsuda K, Ueda H, Cline MA Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Environmental Modulation of Androgen Levels and Secondary Sex Characters in two Populations of the Peacock Blenny Salaria Pavo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Morphology and endocrinology were studied in two populations of the peacock blenny Salaria pavo, with different regimes of sexual selection imposed by differences in nest site availability. The peacock blenny is a small, sexually dimorphic benthic fish that presents exclusive paternal care of the clutch and inhabits rocky shores of the Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic areas. In a population from the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic sea) inhabiting rocky shores where nest sites are abundant, male-male competition for nests is low, males court females and a low frequency of alternative reproductive tactics (small, p...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Saraiva JL, Gonçalves DM, Oliveira RF Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

The Emergence of Gonadal Hormone Influences on Dopaminergic Function during Puberty.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adolescence is the developmental epoch during which children become adults- intellectually, physically, hormonally and socially. Brain development in critical areas is ongoing. Adolescents are risk-taking and novelty-seeking and they weigh positive experiences more heavily and negative experiences less than adults. This inherent behavioral bias can lead to risky behaviors like drug taking. Most drug addictions start during adolescence and early drug-taking is associated with an increased rate of drug abuse and dependence. The hormonal changes of puberty contribute to physical, emotional, intellectual and social changes...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kuhn C, Johnson M, Thomae A, Luo B, Simon S, Zhou G, Walker QD Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

The effects of partner togetherness on salivary testosterone in women in long distance relationships.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examined whether testosterone levels are influenced by being with a sexual and romantic partner after a period of sexual abstinence. Women in long distance relationships (n = 15) provided five saliva samples: at least one week before seeing their partner (and at least 2 weeks since their last visit), the day before seeing their partner, when they were with their partner but prior to engaging in sexual activity, the day after their first sexual activity, and three days after they were separated from their partners. Salivary testosterone was lowest when participants had been away from their partners for...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hamilton LD, Meston CM Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

The Effect of Rearing Experience and TPH2 Genotype on HPA Axis Function and Aggression in Rhesus Monkeys: a Retrospective Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gene-environment (GxE) interactions contribute to the development of many neuro-psychiatric disorders. Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) synthesizes neuronal serotonin and is closely related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, while early-life experience is a critical environmental factor programming the HPA axis response to stress. This retrospective study investigated GxE interaction at the TPH2 locus in rhesus monkeys. 28 adult, male rhesus monkeys of Indian origin, either mother-reared or peer-reared as infants, were involved in this study. These monkeys have been previously genotyped for the functional...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chen GL, Novak MA, Meyer JS, Kelly BJ, Vallender EJ, Miller GM Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Physiological suppression eases in Damaraland mole-rat societies when ecological constraints on dispersal are relaxed.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In many vertebrate societies, subordinate females exhibit down-regulated reproductive physiologies relative to those of dominants, a condition commonly termed physiological suppression. Research into the causes of physiological suppression has focused principally on the role of the subordinate's social environment (typically the presence of the dominant female and/or an absence of unrelated males within the group), while few studies have considered the additional role that the physical environment may play. Here we present new evidence from wild Damaraland mole-rats, Fukomys damarensis, revealing that physiological sup...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Young AJ, Oosthuizen MK, Lutermann H, Bennett NC Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Proximate and ultimate factors explaining floating behavior in long-lived birds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Avian populations are composed of reproductive individuals coexisting in space and time with young, non-breeding conspecifics or "floaters". Despite the fact that first breeding can be delayed for years and can exert profound effects on fitness, many aspects of the behavior, ecology and physiology of young floaters remain poorly understood. By means of combining endocrine, behavioral and life-history information from a population of black kites (Milvus migrans) monitored long-term, we tested several hypotheses suggesting endocrine function as a determinant of floating status. Sexual function in non-breeding males, esti...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - November 2, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Blas J, Hiraldo F Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

The Influence of Nest Attendance and Provisioning on Nestling Stress Physiology in the Florida Scrub-Jay.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stressful conditions during development may have lasting consequences for an animal's lifetime fitness. We investigated the degree to which parental provisioning and nest attendance influenced baseline levels of the stress hormone corticosterone in nestling Florida scrub-jays. Provisioning rates of male and female breeders and nest attendance of female breeders were recorded during focal watches conducted between days 3 and 5 post-hatch. A small blood sample was taken from each nestling on day 11 post-hatch and used to quantify levels of baseline corticosterone. The proportion of time spent by female breeders at a cons...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 28, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Rensel MA, Wilcoxen TE, Schoech SJ Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

"Binge" Drinking Experience in Adolescent Mice Shows Sex Differences and Elevated Ethanol Intake In Adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Binge drinking, defined as achieving blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) of 80 mg%, has been increasing in adolescents and was reported to predispose later physical dependence. The present experiments utilized an animal model of binge drinking to compare the effect of ethanol "binge" experience during adolescence or adulthood on subsequent ethanol intake in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Adolescent and adult mice were initially exposed to the scheduled high alcohol consumption procedure, which produces BECs that exceed the levels for binge drinking following a 30 min ethanol session every third day. Ethanol intake and BE...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 22, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Strong MN, Yoneyama N, Fretwell AM, Snelling C, Tanchuck MA, Finn DA Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Brain aromatase mRNA expression in two populations of the peacock blenny Salaria pavo with divergent mating systems.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, brain aromatase availability seems like a probable mechanism to regulate the effects of steroids on the brain circuits underlying the expression of sexual and agonistic displays in S. pavo. PMID: 19840804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hormones and Behavior)
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 15, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gonçalves D, Saraiva J, Teles M, Teodósio R, Canário AV, Oliveira RF Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Inhibitory and disinhibitory effects of psychomotor stimulants and depressants on the sexual behavior of male and female rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drugs of abuse comprise several pharmacological classes, including psychomotor stimulants, such as amphetamine and cocaine, and CNS depressants, such as morphine and alcohol. Few studies have examined the effects of those drugs systematically on human sexual behavior, although substantial clinical and epidemiological literatures suggest that drugs in both classes either inhibit sexual responding or can be "prosexual" in certain situations, thereby increasing the potential of risky sexual activity and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. This paper reviews original data in rats showing that both classes of drug ...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 14, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pfaus JG, Wilkins MF, Dipietro N, Benibgui M, Toledano R, Rowe A, Couch MC Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Hormones, Nicotine and Cocaine: Clinical Studies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nicotine and cocaine each stimulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axis hormones, and there is increasing evidence that the hormonal milieu may modulate the abuse-related effects of these drugs. This review summarizes some clinical studies of the acute effects of cigarette smoking or IV cocaine on plasma drug and hormone levels, and subjective effects ratings. The temporal covariance between these dependent measures was assessed with a rapid (two min) sampling procedure in nicotine-dependent volunteers or current cocaine users. Cigarette smoking and IV cocaine each stimulated a rapid increase in LH and ACT...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 12, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mello NK Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Testosterone response to courtship predicts future paternal behavior in the California mouse, Peromyscus californicus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the monogamous and biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus), paternal care is critical for maximal offspring survival. Animals form pair bonds and do not engage in extrapair matings, and thus female evaluation of paternal quality during courtship is likely to be advantageous. We hypothesized that male endocrine or behavioral response to courtship interactions would be predictive of future paternal behavior. To test this hypothesis, we formed 20 pairs of California mice, and evaluated their behavior during the first hour of courtship interactions and again following the birth of young. We also collected ...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 11, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gleason ED, Marler CA Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Cannabinoid-Hormone Interactions in the Regulation of Motivational Processes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is a bi-directionality in hormone-cannabinoid interactions: cannabinoids affect prominent endocrine axes (such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal), and gonadal hormones modulate cannabinoid effects. This review will summarize recent research on these interactions, with a specific focus upon their implications for motivated behavior. Sexual behavior will serve as a "case study." I will explore the hypothesis that ovarian hormones, in particular estradiol, may serve to release estrous behavior from endocannabinoid inhibition. Hormonal regulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system also affects processes that un...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 7, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: López HH Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Progesterone attenuates cocaine-induced responses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this review, we summarize literature focused on how progesterone alters cocaine-induced psychomotor, reinforcement, and physiological responses. Clinical studies suggest that progesterone attenuates the subjective effects of cocaine. Similarly, preclinical studies have demonstrated that cocaine-induced reward and psychomotor responses are attenuated after progesterone administration. In rats progesterone also reduces the reinforcement effects of cocaine attenuates acquisition, escalation, reinstatement of cocaine self-administration, and cocaine-seeking behaviors. Progesterone also counteracts the facilitatory effec...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 7, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Quinones-Jenab V, Jenab S Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Sex differences and ovarian hormones in animal models of drug dependence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increasing evidence indicates the presence of sex differences in many aspects of drug abuse. Most studies reveal that females exceed males during the initiation, escalation, extinction, and reinstatement (relapse) of drug-seeking behavior, but males are more sensitive than females to the aversive effects of drugs such as drug withdrawal. Findings from human and animal research indicate that circulating levels of ovarian steroid hormones account for these sex differences. Estrogen (E) facilitates drug-seeking behavior, while progesterone (P) and its metabolite, allopregnanalone (ALLO), counteract the effects of E and re...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 6, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Carroll ME, Anker JJ Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

To Breed or not to Breed: Physiological Correlates of Reproductive Status in a Facultatively Biennial Iguanid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is unusual for seasonal breeders to frequently skip opportunities for reproduction. We investigated the relationship between physiological state and reproductive decision-making in Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), a species in which females typically reproduce biennially, although the proportion of breeding individuals varies significantly across years. Nearly all adult-sized females initiated follicular development prior to the lekking period, but 38% of females resorbed all developing follicles 5-15 days before the start of copulations. Receptive and non-receptive females differed in reprod...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 5, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vitousek MN, Mitchell MA, Romero LM, Awerman J, Wikelski M Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Yolk hormones have sex-specific long-term effects on behavior in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The hormonal environment during early development, such as maternally derived androgens in bird eggs, shapes the development and phenotype of the offspring in ways that may have important long-term consequences for behaviour. We studied the effects of yolk androgens on multiple behavioural traits in female and male pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) by experimentally elevating androgen levels (testosterone and androstenedione) in the eggs. The birds were housed in a common-garden environment in captivity until full independence, after which their behaviour was tested. We found that androgen-treated males were more l...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ruuskanen S, Laaksonen T Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Seasonality, sociality, and reproduction: Long-term stressors of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) concentrations are reliable, non-invasive indices of physiological stress that provide insight into an animal's energetic and social demands. To better characterize the long-term stressors in adult members of a female-dominant, seasonally breeding species - the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) - we first validated fecal samples against serum samples and then examined the relationship between fGC concentrations and seasonal, social, demographic, genetic, and reproductive variables. Between 1999 and 2006, we collected 1,386 fecal samples from 32 adult, semi-free-ranging animals of both sexes. In...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Starling AP, Charpentier MJ, Fitzpatrick C, Scordato ES, Drea CM Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Increased corticosterone levels in mice subjected to the rat exposure test.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In recent years, there has been a notable interest in studying prey-predator relationships to develop rodent-based models for the neurobehavioral aspects of stress and emotion. However, despite the growing use of transgenic mice and results showing important differences in the behavioral responses of rats and mice, little research has been conducted regarding the responses of mice to predators. The rat exposure test (RET), a recently developed and behaviorally validated prey-predator (rat-mouse) based model, has proven to be a useful tool in evaluating the defensive responses of mice facing rats. To further validate th...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - October 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Amaral VC, Gomes KS, de Souza RL Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Food supplementation and testosterone interact to influence reproductive behavior and immune function in Sceloporous graciosus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we considered the effect of both food availability and elevated T on immune function and reproductive behavior in sagebrush lizards, Sceloporus graciosus, to assess how T and energy availability affect these trade-offs. We experimentally manipulated diet (via supplemental feedings) and T (via dermal patches) in males from a natural population. We determined innate immune response by calculating the bacterial killing capability of collected plasma exposed to E. coli ex vivo. We measured reproductive behavior by counting the number of courtship displays produced in a 20-min sampling period. We observed an inte...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 30, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ruiz M, French SS, Demas GE, Martins EP Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Complex modulation of singing behavior by testosterone in an open-ended learner, the European Starling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In many temperate zone songbird species males only produce song during the breeding season, when plasma testosterone (T) levels are high. Males of some species sing throughout the year, even when T levels are low, indicating a dissociation between high T levels and song rate. Given that few studies have taken advantage of these species, we compare here song traits expressed under high versus low T concentrations and we study the role of testosterone in adult song learning in the European Starling, an open-ended learner in which repertoire size dramatically increases with age. We performed a detailed comparison of song ...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 29, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Van Hout AJ, Eens M, Balthazart J, Pinxten R Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Dopamine D1 receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase, not phospholipase C, in the nucleus accumbens promotes maternal behavior onset in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A body of evidence supports the idea that the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system modulates the natural increase in responsiveness female rats show toward offspring (biological or foster) at birth. In the absence of the full hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and birth, female rats do not show immediate responsiveness toward foster offspring. Activation of the mesolimbic DA system can produce an immediate onset of maternal behavior in these females. For example, female rats that are hysterectomized and ovariectomized on day 15 of pregnancy (15HO) and presented with pups 48 hours later normally show maternal behavio...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 28, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Stolzenberg DS, Zhang KY, Luskin K, Ranker L, Bress J, Numan M Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

The Role of Androgen Receptors in Regulating Territorial Aggression in Male Song Sparrows.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the role of ARs in regulating territorial aggression in captive song sparrows under short and long day conditions as well as just prior to, and at the start of the breading season in freely living birds using the nonsteroidal antiandrogen flutamide to block AR function. Birds were implanted with either empty or drug filled silastic implants for 18 to 42 days and then challenged with a novel male decoy to assess the individual birds level of male-male aggression. Freely living birds remained on their home territory and underwent a Simulated Territorial Intrusion, whereas laboratory held birds were assessed using...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 28, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sperry TS, Wacker DW, Wingfield JC Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Sex Differences in Opioid Analgesia, Hyperalgesia, Tolerance and Withdrawal: Central Mechanisms of Action and Roles of Gonadal Hormones.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews sex differences in opiate analgesic and related processes as part of a Special Issue in Hormones and Behavior. The research findings on sex differences are organized in the following manner: a) systemic opioid analgesia across mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor subtypes and drug efficacy at their respective receptors, b) effects of the activational and organizational roles of gonadal steroid hormones and estrus phase on systemic analgesic responses, c) sex differences in spinal opioid analgesia, d) sex differences in supraspinal opioid analgesia and gonadal hormone effects, e) the contribution of gene...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bodnar RJ, Kest B Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

What's in a name? Integrating homeostasis, allostasis and stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19786032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hormones and Behavior)
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: McEwen BS, Wingfield JC Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Emotional sensitivity for motherhood: late pregnancy is associated with enhanced accuracy to encode emotional faces.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous research suggests that female sex hormones can increase the sensitivity of women's emotion processing systems. The largest rises in sex hormone levels in a woman's life are from early to late pregnancy. The current study, therefore, investigated whether changes in emotion processing are seen across pregnancy. Hypervigilant emotion processing has been implicated in the aetiology of anxiety. Therefore enhanced emotion processing across pregnancy has implications for women's vulnerability to anxiety. Ability to encode facial expressions of emotion was assessed in 101 women during early pregnancy and again in 76 o...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pearson RM, Lightman SL, Evans J Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Corticosterone in migrating songbirds during endurance flight.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The specific role of the glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone in regulating the migratory stages of flight and refuelling in free-living migrants is as yet poorly studied, because these stages are difficult to identify in the field. Night migrating songbirds provide an excellent model to investigate how corticosterone correlates with behaviour and physiology because they fly during the night and rest and forage during the day. We measured baseline corticosterone and the adrenocortical response to restraint in 9 free-ranging songbird species: 3 night migrating species, 3 day migrating species and 3 day migrating irrupt...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Falsone K, Jenni-Eiermann S, Jenni L Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Hormone therapy does not modify emotion-induced brain activity in older women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sex hormones have actions in brain regions important for emotion, including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Previous studies have shown that cyclic sex hormones and hormone therapy after menopause modify responses to emotional events. Thus, this study examined whether hormone therapy modified emotion-induced brain activity in older women. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), behavioral ratings (valence and arousal), and recognition memory were used to assess responses to emotionally laden scenes in older women currently using hormone therapy (HT) and women not currently using hormone therapy (NONE). We hyp...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pruis TA, Roalf DR, Janowsky JS Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neurons Modulate Hypophagic Effect Induced by Adrenalectomy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glucocorticoids have major effects on food intake, as demonstrated by the decrease of food intake following adrenalectomy (ADX), however the mechanisms leading to these effects are not well understood. Oxytocin (OT) has been shown to reduce food intake. We evaluated the effects of glucocorticoids on OT neuron activation and OT mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei induced by feeding. We also evaluated the effect of pretreatment with OT-receptor antagonist ([d(CH(2))(5),Tyr(Me)(2),Orn(8)]-vasotocin, OVT) on food intake in ADX rats. Fos/OT neurons in the posterior parvocell...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Uchoa ET, da Silva LE, de Castro M, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Elias LL Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Illicit Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a family of hormones that includes testosterone and its derivatives. These substances have been used by elite athletes since the 1950s, but they did not become widespread drugs of abuse in the general population until the 1980s. Thus, knowledge of the medical and behavioral effects of illicit AAS use is still evolving. Surveys suggest that many millions of boys and men, primarily in Western countries, have abused AAS to enhance athletic performance or personal appearance. AAS use among girls and women is much less common. Taken in supraphysiologic doses, AAS show various long-...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Sensitization enhances acquisition of cocaine self-administration in female rats: estradiol further enhances cocaine intake after acquisition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, cocaine sensitization promotes the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in female rats. Furthermore, prior cocaine experience is more powerful than estradiol at enhancing acquisition, while estradiol enhances intake of cocaine after acquisition of self-administration. PMID: 19769978 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hormones and Behavior)
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhao W, Becker JB Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Sexual incentive motivation in male rats requires both androgens and estrogens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Experiment 1 castrated male rats were implanted with a Silastic capsule containing either E or cholesterol (CHOL) 35 days after castration. They were then tested for sexual incentive motivation and copulatory behaviors every 5th day for 3 weeks. None of the treatments affected sexual incentive motivation. After the last test, all subjects were implanted with DHT-containing Silastic capsules, and tests continued for another 3 weeks. While E + DHT enhanced sexual incentive motivation and copulatory behavior, DHT alone failed to do so. In Experiment 2 the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole (F) was combined with testosterone...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Attila M, Oksala R, Agmo A Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Corrigendum to ''Social closeness increases salivary progesterone in humans'' [Horm. Behav. 56 (2009) 108-111].Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19761768 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hormones and Behavior)
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 13, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Brown SL, Fredrickson BL, Wirth MM, Poulin MJ, Meier EA, Heaphy ED, Cohen MD, Schultheiss OC Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Endocrine mediated phenotypic plasticity: condition-dependent effects of juvenile hormone on dominance and fertility of wasp queens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There has been increasing interest in the mechanisms that mediate behavioral and physiological plasticity across individuals with similar genotypes. Some of the most dramatic plasticity is found within and between social insect castes. For example, Polistes wasp queens can nest alone, dominate a group of cooperative queens, or act as worker-like subordinates who rarely reproduce. Previous work suggests that condition-dependent endocrine responses may play a role in plasticity between castes in the hymenoptera. Here, we test whether condition-dependent endocrine responses influence plasticity within castes in the wasp P...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tibbetts EA, Izzo AS Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Rapid Steroid Influences on Visually-Guided Sexual Behavior in Male Goldfish.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ability of steroid hormones to rapidly influence cell physiology through non-genomic mechanisms raises the possibility that these molecules may play a role in the dynamic regulation of social behavior, particularly in species in which social stimuli can rapidly influence circulating steroid levels. We therefore tested if testosterone(T), which increases in male goldfish in response to sexual stimuli, can rapidly influence approach responses towards females. Injections of T stimulated approach responses towards the visual cues of females 30-45 min after the injection, but did not stimulate approach responses towards...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lord LD, Bond J, Thompson RR Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Corticosterone manipulations alter morph-specific nestling provisioning behavior in male white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study contributes to the growing evidence that modulating baseline CORT mediates parental care and self-maintenance activities in birds, and thus may serves as a mechanism for balancing current reproductive success with survival. PMID: 19751738 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hormones and Behavior)
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Horton BM, Holberton RL Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Does the Response to Cocaine Differ as a Function of Sex or Hormonal Status in Human and Non-human Primates?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stimulant abuse continues to be a growing problem among women. Over the last 10-15 years, an increasing number of studies have focused on factors that may be implicated in stimulant abuse in women as compared to men, including the role of hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle. Numerous preclinical studies have documented that female rodents are more sensitive than male rodents to the behavioral effects of stimulant administration and the hormone estradiol is involved in the enhanced response to stimulants observed in females. In contrast, fewer studies have been conducted in humans and non-human primates add...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 2, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Evans SM, Foltin RW Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Male-female differences in the effects of cannabinoids on sexual behavior and gonadal hormone function.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The putative role of the endocannabinoid system and the effects of cannabis use in male and female sexual functioning are summarized. The influence of cannabis intake on sexual behavior and arousability appear to be dose-dependent in both men and women, although women are far more consistent in reporting facilitatory effects. Furthermore, evidence from nonhuman species indicate somewhat more beneficial than debilitating effects of cannabinoids on female sexual proceptivity and receptivity while suggesting predominantly detrimental effects on male sexual motivation and erectile functioning. Data from human and nonhuman ...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - September 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gorzalka BB, Hill MN, Chang SC Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Causes and consequences of voluntary anorexia during the parental care period of wild male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
By definition, parental care behaviors increase offspring survival, and individual fitness, at some cost to the parent. In smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), parental males provide sole care for the developing brood that includes an increase in activity during brood defense and decreased foraging resulting in a decline in endogenous energy reserves. No mechanisms have been proposed for cessation of voluntary foraging, though regulation of appetite hormones such as ghrelin have been documented to affect feeding behavior in other fishes. We documented baseline fluctuations in plasma ghrelin concentrations across par...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 30, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hanson KC, Abizaid A, Cooke SJ Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Photoperiodic regulation of adrenal hormone secretion and aggression in female Syrian hamsters.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Seasonal changes in the length of the daily photoperiod induce significant changes in social behavior. Hamsters housed in winter-like short photoperiods (SP) can express significantly higher levels of aggression than hamsters housed in long photoperiods (LP) that mimic summer. The mechanisms responsible for increasing aggressiveness in SP-exposed female hamsters are not well understood but may involve seasonal changes in the endocrine system. In experiment 1, the effects of SP exposure on the circulating levels of three adrenal hormones were determined. Short photoperiod exposure was found to significantly depress the ...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 25, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gutzler SJ, Karom M, Erwin WD, Albers HE Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Social and hormonal mechanisms underlying male reproductive strategies in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the social and hormonal mechanisms underlying male reproductive strategies in two multimale-multifemale groups of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) during a 14-month study in Palenque National Park, Mexico. Fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) and androgen (fA) levels were analyzed for 343 fecal samples collected from 14 males during their presence in the study groups. Neither immigrating males nor resident males that remained in the group had elevated fGC and fA levels during 11 observed male migration events, suggesting that competition over group membership was not associated with variation in the fecal ho...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Van Belle S, Estrada A, Ziegler TE, Strier KB Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Testosterone related to age and life-history stages in male baboons and geladas.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite significant advances in our knowledge of how testosterone mediates life-history trade-offs, this research has primarily focused on seasonal species. We know comparatively little about the relationship between testosterone and life-history stages for non-seasonally breeding species. Here we examine testosterone profiles across the lifespan of males from three non-seasonally breeding primates: yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus or P. hamadryas cynocephalus), chacma baboons (Papio ursinus or P. h. ursinus), and geladas (Theropithecus gelada). First, we predict that testosterone profiles will track the reproductive...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 23, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Beehner JC, Gesquiere L, Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL, Alberts SC, Altmann J Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Sexual Dimorphism in the Adolescent Brain: Role of Testosterone and Androgen Receptor in Global and Local Volumes of Grey and White Matter.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Here we examined sex differences in the volumes of grey and white matter, and in grey-matter "density", in a group of typically developing adolescents participating in the Saguenay Youth Study (n=419; 12 - 18 years). In male adolescents, we also investigated the role of a functional polymorphism in androgen-receptor gene (AR) in moderating the effect of testosterone on volumes of grey and white matter and grey-matter density. Overall, both absolute and relative volumes of white matter were larger in male vs. females adolescents. The relative grey-matter volumes were slightly larger in female than male adolescents and s...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Paus T, Nawaz-Khan I, Leonard G, Perron M, Pike GB, Pitiot A, Richer L, Susman E, Veillette S, Pausova Z Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Cat odor causes long-lasting contextual fear conditioning and increased pituitary-adrenal activation, without modifying anxiety.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A single exposure to a cat or cat odors has been reported by some groups to induce contextual and auditory fear conditioning and long-lasting changes in anxiety-like behaviour, but there is no evidence for parallel changes in biological stress markers. In the present study we demonstrated in male rats that exposure to a novel environment containing a cloth impregnated with cat fur odor resulted in avoidance of the odor, lower levels of activity and higher pituitary-adrenal (PA) response as compared to those exposed to the novel environment containing a clean cloth, suggesting increased levels of stress in the former an...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 18, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Muñoz-Abellán C, Daviu N, Rabasa C, Nadal R, Armario A Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Hormone-behavior associations in early infancy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The physiological significance of hormonal changes in early postnatal life is emerging, but the behavioral significance in humans is unknown. As a first test of the relationship between hormones and behavior in early infancy we measured digit ratios and salivary hormone levels in forty-one male and female infants (3-4 months of age) who watched a video depicting stimuli differentially preferred by older males and females (toys, groups). An eye-tracker measured visual fixations and looking times. In female infants, hormones were unrelated to visual preferences. In male infants, higher androgen levels predicted stronger ...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 18, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Alexander GM, Wilcox T, Farmer ME Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Individual variation in baseline and stress-induced corticosterone and prolactin levels predicts parental effort by nesting mourning doves.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined patterns in baseline (BL) and stress induced (level following a standard capture restraint protocol; SI) levels of PRL and CORT for breeding mourning doves (Zenaida macroura). We determined whether the relationship of adult condition and parental effort to hormone levels in wild birds were consistent with life-history predictions. Both BL PRL and BL CORT level in adults were positively related to nestling weight at early nestling ages, consistent with the prediction of a positive relationship of hormone levels to current parental effort of adults and associated increased energy demand. Results are consistent wi...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 10, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Miller DA, Vleck CM, Otis DL Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Male sexual behavior contributes to the maintenance of high LH pulsatility in anestrous female goats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the sexual behavior of males contributes to the maintenance of a high LH pulsatility up to 24 h after introduction into a group of anovulatory goats. PMID: 19679132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hormones and Behavior)
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 9, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vielma J, Chemineau P, Poindron P, Malpaux B, Delgadillo JA Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals

Vaginocervical stimulation induces Fos in glutamate neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus: Attenuation by estrogen and progesterone.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vaginocervical stimulation (VCS) induces the immediate early gene product Fos in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of female rats. However, this induction is lower in ovariectomized rats that receive estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) relative to an oil vehicle. We have observed that a substantial proportion of cells activated in the VMH by VCS stain for glutamate, and infusions of glutamate or its selective receptor agonists to the VMH inhibit both appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors in females. This raises the possibility that VCS activates an inhibitory glutamate system in the VMH, and that ovar...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - August 5, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Georgescu M, Sabongui C, Del Corpo A, Marsan L, Pfaus JG Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: journals