Adenosine Receptors Influence Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive RatsNovelty and Significance [Adenosine Receptors]
The influence of adenosine receptors on blood pressure in salt-sensitive hypertension is unknown. Here, we examined the effects of salt diets on arterial blood pressures (radiotelemetry) in female and male Dahl salt-sensitive wild-type versus female and male Dahl salt-sensitive A1, A2A, or A2B receptor knockouts (A1KOs, A2AKOs, and A2BKOs, respectively). At baseline, all rats were on a 0.3% salt diet; then separate groups were switched to either 4% or 8% salt diet for 2 weeks. Compared with wild-types, baseline pressures were not affected by knockout of A1 or A2B receptors; yet, mean, systolic, and diastolic pressures were...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Edwin K. Jackson, Delbert G. Gillespie, Zaichuan Mi, Dongmei Cheng Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease, Basic Science Research, Hemodynamics, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Advanced and Accurate Mobile Health Tracking Devices Record New Cardiac Vital SignsNovelty and Significance [Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement]
In this study, we made a customized smartphone app and used mobile health devices to track PWV, blood pressure, heart rate, physical activity, sleep duration, and multiple lifestyle risk factors in ≈250 adults for 17 continual weeks. Eligible participants were identified by a company database and then were consented and enrolled using only a smartphone app, without any special training given. Study participants reported high overall satisfaction, and 73% of participants were able to measure blood pressure and PWV, (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brian D. Modena, Otmane Bellahsen, Nima Nikzad, Angela Chieh, Nathan Parikh, Danielle Marie Dufek, Gail Ebner, Eric J. Topol, Steven Steinhubl Tags: Clinical Studies, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
mPGES-1 (Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1) Mediates Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension Through Oxidative StressNovelty and Significance [Oxidative Stress]
mPGES-1 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1), the downstream enzyme responsible for PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) synthesis in inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress are increased in vessels from hypertensive animals. We evaluated the role of mPGES-1–derived PGE2 in the vascular dysfunction and remodeling in hypertension and the possible contribution of oxidative stress. We used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asymptomatic patients, arteries from untreated and Ang II (angiotensin II)–infused mPGES-1−/− and mPGES-1+/+ mice, and vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to PGE2. In human cells, we found a...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Maria S. Avendano, Ana B. Garcia–Redondo, Guillermo Zalba, Maria Gonzalez–Amor, Andrea Aguado, Sonia Martinez–Revelles, Luis M. Beltran, Mercedes Camacho, Victoria Cachofeiro, Maria J. Alonso, Mercedes Salaices, Ana M. Briones Tags: Contractile Function, Endothelium/Vascular Type/Nitric Oxide, Inflammation, Oxidant Stress, Vascular Biology Original Articles Source Type: research
Sympathetic Nerve Traffic Activation in Essential Hypertension and Its CorrelatesNovelty and Significance [Nervous System]
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) has shown that sympathetic activation may occur in essential hypertension (EHT). However, the small sample size of the studies, the heterogeneity of the patients examined, and the presence of confounders represented major weaknesses not allowing to draw definite conclusions. Among the 432 studies identified providing information in EHT on MSNA, 63 were eligible (1216 patients) and meta-analyzed grouping them on the basis of clinically relevant questions: (1) Is MSNA increased in hypertension of mild/moderate-to-severe degree? (2) Does sympathetic activation occur in borderline, whit...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Guido Grassi, Anna Pisano, Davide Bolignano, Gino Seravalle, Graziella D’Arrigo, Fosca Quarti–Trevano, Francesca Mallamaci, Carmine Zoccali, Giuseppe Mancia Tags: Autonomic Nervous System, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Higher Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Lower Global Cerebrovascular Reserve Among Older HumansNovelty and Significance [Arterial Stiffness]
Greater aortic stiffness and pulse pressure are associated with cerebrovascular remodeling, reduced white matter microstructure, and cognitive performance with aging in humans. However, it is unclear whether aortic stiffness and pulse pressure are associated with reduced basal global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve among older adults. Global CBF was quantified in 205 adults (range, 19–87 years; mean±SE: 30.6±1.3 years) using quantitative [15O]water brain positron emission tomography imaging. In a subset of older adults (n=24; 70.0±2.0 years), aortic stiffness (carotid femoral pulse wave velocity)...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lyndsey E. DuBose, Laura L. Boles Ponto, David J. Moser, Emily Harlynn, Leah Reierson, Gary L. Pierce Tags: Clinical Studies, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Nuclear Cardiology and PET Original Articles Source Type: research
Saxagliptin Prevents Increased Coronary Vascular Stiffness in Aortic-Banded Mini SwineNovelty and Significance [Arterial Stiffness]
In conclusion, our data show increased coronary conduit vascular stiffness was prevented by saxagliptin and associated with decreased advanced glycation end products, NF-κB, and nitrotyrosine levels in a swine model with potential relevance to HF with preserved ejection fraction. (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley S. Fleenor, An Ouyang, T. Dylan Olver, Jessica A. Hiemstra, Melissa S. Cobb, Gianmaria Minervini, Craig A. Emter Tags: Coronary Circulation, Animal Models of Human Disease, Inflammation, Vascular Biology, Heart Failure Original Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of Hemolysis as a Severe Feature of PreeclampsiaNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension]
Hemolysis predisposes to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Yet, there are limited data on hemolysis in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy other than hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome. To evaluate the prevalence and impact of hemolysis in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, we performed a retrospective cohort study at a single center (October 2013–May 2017), among women screened for hemolysis using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. We compared LDH levels by hypertensive disorder (chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with severe features) and evaluate...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Richard M. Burwick, Monica Rincon, Sridivya S. Beeraka, Megha Gupta, Bruce B. Feinberg Tags: High Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Risk of Preeclampsia and Pregnancy Complications in Women With a History of Acute Kidney InjuryNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension]
An episode of clinically recovered acute kidney injury (r-AKI) has been identified as a risk factor for future hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to assess whether r-AKI was associated with future preeclampsia and other adverse pregnancy outcomes and to identify whether severity of AKI or time interval between AKI and pregnancy was associated with pregnancy complications. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered infants between 1998 and 2016 at Massachusetts General Hospital. AKI was defined using the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes laboratory criteria with subs...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jessica Sheehan Tangren, Wan Ahmad Hafiz Wan Md Adnan, Camille E. Powe, Jeffrey Ecker, Kate Bramham, Michelle A. Hladunewich, Elizabeth Ankers, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Ravi Thadhani Tags: Epidemiology, Pregnancy, Women Original Articles Source Type: research
Association Between Prepregnancy Cardiovascular Function and Subsequent Preeclampsia or Fetal Growth RestrictionNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension]
Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease later in life. It is unclear whether this association is causal or driven by similar antecedent risk factors. Clarification requires recruitment before conception which is methodologically difficult with high attrition rates and loss of outcome numbers to nonconception/miscarriage. Few prospective studies have, therefore, been adequately powered to address these questions. We recruited 530 healthy women (mean age: 35.0 years) intending to conceive and assessed cardiac output, cardiac index, strok...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Fung L. Foo, Amita A. Mahendru, Giulia Masini, Abigail Fraser, Stefano Cacciatore, David A. MacIntyre, Carmel M. McEniery, Ian B. Wilkinson, Phillip R. Bennett, Christoph C. Lees Tags: Clinical Studies, Hemodynamics, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Pregnancy Weight Gain Before Diagnosis and Risk of PreeclampsiaNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension]
Weight gain in early pregnancy may influence a woman’s risk of developing preeclampsia. However, the consequences of weight gain throughout pregnancy up to the diagnosis of preeclampsia are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether pregnancy weight gain before the diagnosis of preeclampsia is associated with increased risks of preeclampsia (overall and by preeclampsia subtype). The study population included nulliparous pregnant women in the Swedish counties of Gotland and Stockholm, 2008 to 2013, stratified by early pregnancy body mass index category. Electronic medical records were linked with population i...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jennifer A. Hutcheon, Olof Stephansson, Sven Cnattingius, Lisa M. Bodnar, Anna–Karin Wikstrom, Kari Johansson Tags: Diet and Nutrition, Epidemiology, Obesity, Pregnancy Original Articles Source Type: research
Self-Management of Postnatal HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension]
Hypertension affects 1 in 10 pregnancies, often persisting postpartum, when antihypertensive requirements may vary substantially. This unmasked, randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and effects on blood pressure (BP) of self-management of postpartum hypertension. Women with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, requiring postnatal antihypertensive treatment, were randomized to self-management or usual care. Self-management entailed daily home BP monitoring and automated medication reduction via telemonitoring. Women attended 5 follow-up visits during 6 months. The primary outcome was feasibility: speci...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alexandra E. Cairns, Katherine L. Tucker, Paul Leeson, Lucy H. Mackillop, Mauro Santos, Carmelo Velardo, Dario Salvi, Sam Mort, Jill Mollison, Lionel Tarassenko, Richard J. McManus, on behalf of the SNAP-HT Investigators Tags: Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Profiles in Pregnant Women With Chronic HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension]
Pregnant women with chronic hypertension are at risk for increased blood pressure and superimposed preeclampsia (SPE) in late pregnancy. Alterations in the renin-aldosterone system are a feature of normal pregnancy; however, their role in chronic hypertension with and without SPE is less clear. We performed a prospective, longitudinal trial of 108 women with chronic hypertension and measured plasma renin activity (PRA), 24-hour urine sodium, urine potassium, and urine aldosterone (Ualdo) at 12, 20, 28, and 36 weeks and postpartum. SPE developed in 34% of pregnancies. PRA was lower in women who developed SPE at weeks 28 (5....
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Line Malha, Cristina P. Sison, Geraldine Helseth, Jean E. Sealey, Phyllis August Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Physiology, Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Gene-Centric Analysis of Preeclampsia Identifies Maternal Association at PLEKHG1Novelty and Significance [Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension]
The genetic susceptibility to preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific complication with significant maternal and fetal morbidity, has been poorly characterized. To identify maternal genes associated with preeclampsia risk, we assembled 498 cases and 1864 controls of European ancestry from preeclampsia case-control collections in 5 different US sites (with additional matched population controls), genotyped samples on a cardiovascular gene-centric array composed of variants from ≈2000 genes selected based on prior genetic studies of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and performed case-control genetic association analysis on...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kathryn J. Gray, Vesela P. Kovacheva, Hooman Mirzakhani, Andrew C. Bjonnes, Berta Almoguera, Andrew T. DeWan, Elizabeth W. Triche, Audrey F. Saftlas, Josephine Hoh, Dale L. Bodian, Elisabeth Klein, Kathi C. Huddleston, Sue Ann Ingles, Charles J. Lockwood, Tags: Genetic, Association Studies, Genetics, Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Influence Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Response to Antihypertensive Treatment?Novelty and Significance [Obstructive Sleep Apnea]
In this study, we recruited hypertensive patients who underwent treatment with a 30-day regimen of hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg plus enalapril (20 mg BID) or losartan (50 mg BID) and were assessed with a baseline clinical evaluation, polysomnography, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. All the examinations except for polysomnography were repeated at 6 and 18 months of follow-up. We studied 94 hypertensive patients (mean age, 55±9 years). The frequency of OSA was 55%. Compared with baseline, we did not observe significant differences between groups in 24-hour BP, daytime systolic and dia...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Fernanda Fatureto–Borges, Raimundo Jenner, Valeria Costa–Hong, Heno F. Lopes, Sandra H. Teixeira, Elias Marum, Dante A.M. Giorgi, Fernanda M. Consolim–Colombo, Luiz A. Bortolotto, Geraldo Lorenzi–Filho, Eduardo M. Krieger, Luciano Tags: Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Effect of Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication on the Long-Term Outcome After Hemorrhagic Stroke in KoreaNovelty and Significance [Hemorrhagic Stroke]
Hypertension is the single most important risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Adherence to antihypertensive medication is essential to achieving strict blood pressure control, but poor adherence is common in clinical practice. We evaluated adherence to antihypertensive medication in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and its effects on long-term outcome. This was a retrospective cohort study based on a nationwide health insurance claims database in South Korea. We included 1872 hypertensive patients who were admitted with acute hemorrhagic stroke during 2002 to 201...
Source: Hypertension - July 11, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jinkwon Kim, Cheryl D. Bushnell, Hye Sun Lee, Sang Won Han Tags: Secondary Prevention, Hypertension, Compliance/Adherence, Intracranial Hemorrhage Original Articles Source Type: research
