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Table of contentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering information for authorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Incorporating Haptic Effects Into Three-Dimensional Virtual Environments to Train the Hemiparetic Upper ExtremityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Current neuroscience has identified several constructs to increase the effectiveness of upper extremity rehabilitation. One is the use of progressive, skill acquisition-oriented training. Another approach emphasizes the use of bilateral activities. Building on these principles, this paper describes the design and feasibility testing of a robotic/virtual environment system designed to train the arm of persons who have had strokes. The system provides a variety of assistance modes, scalable workspaces and hand–robot interfaces allowing persons with strokes to train multiple joints in three dimensions. The simulations ...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Automated Stimulus-Response Mapping of High-Electrode-Count Neural ImplantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Over the past decade, research in the field of functional electrical stimulation (FES) has led to a new generation of high-electrode-count (HEC) devices that offer increasingly selective access to neural populations. Incorporation of these devices into research and clinical applications, however, has been hampered by the lack of hardware and software platforms capable of taking full advantage of them. In this paper, we present the first generation of a closed-loop FES platform built specifically for HEC neural interface devices. The platform was designed to support a wide range of stimulus-response mapping and feedback-bas...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Angular-Velocity Control Approach for Stance-Control OrthosesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Currently, stance-control knee orthoses require external control mechanisms to control knee flexion during stance and allow free knee motion during the swing phase of gait. A new angular-velocity control approach that uses a rotary-hydraulic device to resist knee flexion when the knee angular velocity passes a preset threshold is presented. This angular-velocity approach for orthotic stance control is based on the premise that knee-flexion angular velocity during a knee-collapse event, such as a stumble or fall, is greater than that during walking. The new hydraulic knee-flexion control device does not require an external ...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Kinetic Trajectory Decoding Using Motor Cortical EnsemblesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although most brain–machine interface (BMI) studies have focused on decoding kinematic parameters of motion such as hand position and velocity, it is known that motor cortical activity also correlates with kinetic signals, including active hand force and joint torque. Here, we attempted to reconstruct torque trajectories of the shoulder and elbow joints from the activity of simultaneously recorded units in primary motor cortex (MI) as monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) made reaching movements in the horizontal plane. Using a linear filter decoding approach that considers the history of neuronal activity up to one second in th...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Thresholds for Transverse Stimulation: Fiber Bundles in a Uniform FieldEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cable theory is used to model fibers (neural or muscular) subjected to an extracellular stimulus or activating function along the fiber (longitudinal stimulation). There are cases however, in which activation from fields across a fiber (transverse stimulation) is dominant and the activating function is insufficient to predict the relative stimulus thresholds for cells in a bundle. This work proposes a general method of quantifying transverse extracellular stimulation using ideal cases of long fibers oriented perpendicular to a uniform field (circular cells in a 2-D extracellular domain). Several methods are compared agains...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Effect of Bipolar Cuff Electrode Design on Block Thresholds in High-Frequency Electrical Neural Conduction BlockEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many medical conditions are characterized by undesired or pathological peripheral neurological activity. The local delivery of high-frequency alternating currents (HFAC) has been shown to be a fast acting and quickly reversible method of blocking neural conduction and may provide a treatment alternative for eliminating pathological neural activity in these conditions. This work represents the first formal study of electrode design for high-frequency nerve block, and demonstrates that the interpolar separation distance for a bipolar electrode influences the current amplitudes required to achieve conduction block in both com...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Localization and Recovery of Peripheral Neural Sources With Beamforming AlgorithmsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The peripheral nervous system carries sensory and motor information that could be useful as command signals for function restoration in areas such as neural prosthetics and functional electrical stimulation (FES). Nerve cuff electrodes provide a robust and safe technique for recording nerve signals. However, a method to separate and recover signals from individual fascicles is necessary. Prior knowledge of the electrode geometry was used to develop an algorithm which assumes neither signal independence nor detailed knowledge of the nerve's geometry/conductivity, and is applicable to any wide-band near-field situation. When...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Long Micro-Channel Electrode Arrays: A Novel Type of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve InterfaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have demonstrated that micro-channel electrode arrays with $100 mu{rm m}times 100 mu{rm m}$ cross-section channels support axon regeneration well, and that micro-channels of similar calibre and up to 5 mm long can support axon regeneration and vascularisation. They may be microfabricated using silicon, silicone, or polyimide and thin metal films to form 3-D bundles of long micro-channels. Arrays of “mini-nerves,” i.e., miniature nerve fascicles with their own blood vessels, successfully grew through implants 0.5–5 mm long. Furthermore, guiding the regenerating nerve fibres into the small insulating ...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Interpretation of Muscle Spindle Afferent Nerve Response to Passive Muscle Stretch Recorded With Thin-Film Longitudinal Intrafascicular ElectrodesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we explored the feasibility of estimating muscle length in passive conditions by interpreting nerve responses from muscle spindle afferents recorded with thin-film longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes. Afferent muscle spindle response to passive stretch was recorded in ten acute rabbit experiments. A newly proposed first-order model of muscle spindle response to passive sinusoidal muscle stretch manages to capture the relationship between afferent neural firing rate and muscle length. We demonstrate that the model can be used to track random motion trajectories with bandwidth from 0.1 to 1 Hz over a range...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Examination of Force Discrimination in Human Upper Limb Amputees With Reinnervated Limb Sensation Following Peripheral Nerve TransferEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study quantified the ability of three amputee subjects who had undergone TR surgery on the chest (two subjects) and upper arm (one subject) to discriminate changes in graded force on their reinnervated skin over a range of 1–4 N using a stochastic staircase approach. These values were compared to those from sites on their intact contralateral skin and index fingers, and from the chests and index fingers of a control population $(n=10)$ . Weber's ratio (WR) was used to examine the subjects' abilities to discriminate between a baseline force and subsequent forces of different magnitudes. WRs of 0.22, 0.25, and 0....
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Stimulation Stability and Selectivity of Chronically Implanted Multicontact Nerve Cuff Electrodes in the Human Upper ExtremityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to look at the long term nerve and muscle response to stimulation through nerve cuff electrodes. The nerve conduction velocity remained within the clinically accepted range for the entire testing period. The stimulation thresholds stabilized after approximately 20 weeks. The variability in the activation over time was not different from muscle-based electrodes used in implanted functional electrical stimulation systems. Three electrodes had multiple, independent contacts to evaluate selective recruitment of muscles. A single muscle could be selectively activated from each electrode using sin...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Influence of the Number and Location of Recording Contacts on the Selectivity of a Nerve Cuff ElectrodeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A 56-contact matrix nerve cuff electrode (seven rings with eight contacts each) was used to obtain recordings from the rat sciatic nerve, which were then discriminated as originating from one of three fascicles (tibial, peroneal, and sural branches). The influence of the number and location of the recording contacts on the classification accuracy was studied. The performance of a classifier was shown to be superior when data was available from all 56 contacts, compared to when only the eight contacts of the middle ring were used (as in previously proposed multicontact tripolar cuff designs). By examining the performance va...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Guest Editorial Interfacing With the Peripheral Nervous System to Develop Innovative NeuroprosthesesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering publication informationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Front coverEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Table of contentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering information for authorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Leading the field since 1884Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Sensor Evaluation for Wearable Strain Gauges in Neurological RehabilitationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conductive elastomers are a novel strain sensing technology which can be unobtrusively embedded into a garment's fabric, allowing a new type of sensorized cloths for motion analysis. A possible application for this technology is remote monitoring and control of motor rehabilitation exercises. The present work describes a sensorized shirt for upper limb posture recognition. Supervised learning techniques have been employed to compare classification models for the analysis of strains, simultaneously measured at multiple points of the shirt. The instantaneous position of the limb was classified into a finite set of predefined...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Influence of Feedback Parameters on Performance of a Vibrotactile Balance ProsthesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the influence of feedback conditions on the effectiveness of a balance prosthesis. The balance prosthesis used an array of 12 tactile vibrators (tactors) placed on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the torso to provide body orientation feedback related to several different combinations of angular position and velocity of body sway in the sagittal plane. Control tests were performed with no tactor activation. Body sway was evoked in subjects with normal sensory function by rotating the support surface upon which subjects stood with eyes closed. Body sway was analyzed by computing root mean square sway m...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Evaluation of a Prosthetic Swing-Phase Controller With Electrical Power GenerationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
With the increased presence of microprocessor-based prostheses in the market place, the availability of a self-energizing system has practical applicability. At present, most commercially available systems require the user to routinely recharge on-board batteries, which reduces the utility of these prostheses. To address this limitation, we have proposed a unique system based on an electromechanical generator to not only continually recharge batteries that are on-board the prostheses, but to also serve as a real time swing-phase damper. A prototype system was developed and evaluated with three active individuals with above...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Hindlimb Endpoint Forces Predict Movement Direction Evoked by Intraspinal Microstimulation in CatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We measured the forces produced at the cat's hindpaw by microstimulation of the lumbar spinal cord and the movements resulting from those forces. We also measured the forces and movements produced by co- and sequential activation of two intraspinal sites. Isometric force responses were measured at nine limb configurations with the paw attached to a force transducer. The active forces elicited at different limb configurations were summarized as patterns representing the sagittal plane component of the forces produced at the paw throughout the workspace. The force patterns divided into the same distinct types found with the ...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Neural Decoding of Hand Motion Using a Linear State-Space Model With Hidden StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Kalman filter has been proposed as a model to decode neural activity measured from the motor cortex in order to obtain real-time estimates of hand motion in behavioral neurophysiological experiments. However, currently used linear state-space models underlying the Kalman filter do not take into account other behavioral states such as muscular activity or the subject's level of attention, which are often unobservable during experiments but may play important roles in characterizing neural controlled hand movement. To address this issue, we depict these unknown states as one multidimensional hidden state in the linear st...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Statistical Long-Term Correlations in Dissociated Cortical Neuron RecordingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we propose a new method for long-term correlation analysis of neuronal burst activity based on the periodogram $alpha$ slope estimation of the MEA signal. We applied our method to recordings taken from cultured networks of dissociated rat cortical neurons. We show the effectiveness of the method in analyzing the activity changes as well as the temporal dynamics that take place during the development of such cultures. Results demonstrate that the $alpha$ parameter is able to divide the network development in three well-defined stages, showing pronounced variations in the long-term correlation among bursts. (So...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Using Pulse Width Modulation for Wireless Transmission of Neural Signals in Multichannel Neural Recording SystemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have used a well-known technique in wireless communication, pulse width modulation (PWM) of time division multiplexed (TDM) signals, within the architecture of a novel wireless integrated neural recording (WINeR) system. We have evaluated the performance of the PWM-based architecture and indicated its accuracy and potential sources of error through detailed theoretical analysis, simulations, and measurements on a setup consisting of a 15-channel WINeR prototype as the transmitter and two types of receivers; an Agilent 89600 vector signal analyzer and a custom wideband receiver, with 36 and 75 MHz of maximum bandwidth, r...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

An Ultra Low-Power CMOS Automatic Action Potential DetectorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a low-power complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) analog integrated biopotential detector intended for neural recording in wireless multichannel implants. The proposed detector can achieve accurate automatic discrimination of action potential (APs) from the background activity by means of an energy-based preprocessor and a linear delay element. This strategy improves detected waveforms integrity and prompts for better performance in neural prostheses. The delay element is implemented with a low-power continuous-time filter using a ninth-order equiripple allpass transfer function. All circuit buil...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Active Microelectronic Neurosensor Arrays for Implantable Brain Communication InterfacesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have built a wireless implantable microelectronic device for transmitting cortical signals transcutaneously. The device is aimed at interfacing a cortical microelectrode array to an external computer for neural control applications. Our implantable microsystem enables 16-channel broadband neural recording in a nonhuman primate brain by converting these signals to a digital stream of infrared light pulses for transmission through the skin. The implantable unit employs a flexible polymer substrate onto which we have integrated ultra-low power amplification with analog multiplexing, an analog-to-digital converter, a low po...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

HermesC: Low-Power Wireless Neural Recording System for Freely Moving PrimatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neural prosthetic systems have the potential to restore lost functionality to amputees or patients suffering from neurological injury or disease. Current systems have primarily been designed for immobile patients, such as tetraplegics functioning in a rather static, carefully tailored environment. However, an active patient such as amputee in a normal dynamic, everyday environment may be quite different in terms of the neural control of movement. In order to study motor control in a more unconstrained natural setting, we seek to develop an animal model of freely moving humans. Therefore, we have developed and tested Hermes...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Wireless Neural Recording With Single Low-Power Integrated CircuitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present benchtop and in vivo experimental results from an integrated circuit designed for wireless implantable neural recording applications. The chip, which was fabricated in a commercially available 0.6- $mu$m 2P3M BiCMOS process, contains 100 amplifiers, a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), 100 threshold-based spike detectors, and a 902–928 MHz frequency-shift-keying (FSK) transmitter. Neural signals from a selected amplifier are sampled by the ADC at 15.7 kSps and telemetered over the FSK wireless data link. Power, clock, and command signals are sent to the chip wirelessly over a 2.765-MHz inductive (c...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

A 128-Channel 6 mW Wireless Neural Recording IC With Spike Feature Extraction and UWB TransmitterEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper reports a 128-channel neural recording integrated circuit (IC) with on-the-fly spike feature extraction and wireless telemetry. The chip consists of eight 16-channel front-end recording blocks, spike detection and feature extraction digital signal processor (DSP), ultra wideband (UWB) transmitter, and on-chip bias generators. Each recording channel has amplifiers with programmable gain and bandwidth to accommodate different types of biological signals. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) shared by 16 amplifiers through time-multiplexing results in a balanced trade-off between the power consumption and chip area...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Guest Editorial Special Section on Wireless Neural InterfacesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering publication informationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Front coverEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - July 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Table of contentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering information for authorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Scitopia.orgEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

A Continuous Wavelet Transform and Classification Method for Delirium Motoric SubtypingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The usefulness of motor subtypes of delirium is unclear due to inconsistency in subtyping methods and a lack of validation with objective measures of activity. The activity of 40 patients was measured over 24 h with a discrete accelerometer-based activity monitor. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with various mother wavelets were applied to accelerometry data from three randomly selected patients with DSM-IV delirium that were readily divided into hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed motor subtypes. A classification tree used the periods of overall movement as measured by the discrete accelerometer-based monitor as det...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Conjugate-Prior-Penalized Learning of Gaussian Mixture Models for Multifunction Myoelectric Hand ControlEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents a new learning method for Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) to improve their generalization ability. A traditional maximum a posterior (MAP) parameter estimate is used to achieve regularization based on conjugate priors. Plus, a model order selection criterion is derived from Bayesian–Laplace approaches, using the conjugate priors to measure the uncertainty of the estimated parameters. As a result, the proposed learning method avoids the possibility of convergence toward the boundary of the parameter space, and is also capable of selecting the optimal order for a GMM with more enhanced stability tha...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Pointing Device Usage Guidelines for People With Quadriplegia: A Simulation and Validation Study Utilizing an Integrated Pointing Device ApparatusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study undertakes a simulation and validation experiment to provide guidelines regarding pointing device usage for quadriplegic individuals assisted by a newly developed integrated pointing device apparatus (IPDA). The simulation experiment involving 30 normal subjects whose upper limb movement was restricted by splints. Another 15 subjects with high level cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) were recruited for the validation study. All normal subjects employed six control modes for target-acquisition and drag-and-drop tasks using an IPDA to integrate common pointing devices. A previously designed software was used to eva...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Adaptive Pattern Recognition of Myoelectric Signals: Exploration of Conceptual Framework and Practical AlgorithmsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports a novel adaptive experiment on eight subjects that allowed repeated measures post-hoc comparison of four supervised and three unsupervised adaptation paradigms. All supervised adaptation paradigms reduced error over time by at least 26% compared to the nonadapting classifier. Most unsupervised adaptation paradigms provided smaller reductions in error, due to frequent uncertainty of the correct class. One method that selected high-confidence samples showed the most practical implementation, although the other methods warrant future investigation. Supervised adaptation should be considered for incorporatio...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Why is the Metabolic Efficiency of FES Cycling Low?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The potential benefits of functional electrically stimulated (FES) cycling for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) are limited by the power output (PO) attainable. To understand why PO and metabolic efficiency are low, it is helpful to distinguish the effect of the SCI from the effects of electrical stimulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of electrically stimulated (ES) muscle under simpler conditions and in able-bodied people in order to answer two questions about the causes of the poor efficiency in FES cycling. Fifteen able-bodied subjects (26.6 years, six male) performed 5 min of interm...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Offline Decoding of End-Point Forces Using Neural Ensembles: Application to a Brain–Machine InterfaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) hold a lot of promise for restoring some level of motor function to patients with neuronal disease or injury. Current BMI approaches fall into two broad categories—those that decode discrete properties of limb movement (such as movement direction and movement intent) and those that decode continuous variables (such as position and velocity). However, to enable the prosthetic devices to be useful for common everyday tasks, precise control of the forces applied by the end-point of the prosthesis (e.g., the hand) is also essential. Here, we used linear regression and Kalman filter...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Information Flow and Application to Epileptogenic Focus Localization From Intracranial EEGEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we suggest improvements in the selection of parameters for the estimation of ${rm TE}$ that significantly enhance its accuracy and robustness in identifying the direction and the level of information flow between observed data series generated by coupled complex systems. We show the application of the improved ${rm TE}$ method to long (in the order of days; approximately a total of 600 h across all patients), continuous, intracranial electroencephalograms (EEG) recorded in two different medical centers from four patients with focal temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for localization of their foci. All patients und...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Cerebral Plasticity After Subcortical Stroke as Revealed by Cortico-Muscular CoherenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study one recently proposed method, maximizing coherence, was applied into the coherence analysis to estimate the latency by which the extensor carpi radialis electromyographic signals lagged behind the electroencephalographic time series with seven subcortical stroke subjects. Significantly prolonged conduction time was found in affected sides compared with the unaffected sides. The interhemispheric spatial displacement was also calculated using electrodes projection optimization and spherical surface laplacian. The results showed that the CMCoh could help investigate the cerebral reorganization after stroke. (Sou...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Estimation of Effective and Functional Cortical Connectivity From Neuroelectric and Hemodynamic RecordingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this paper, different linear and nonlinear methodologies for the estimation of cortical connectivity from neuroelectric and hemodynamic measurements are reviewed and applied on common data set in order to highlight similarities and differences in the results. Different effective and functional connectivity methods were applied to motor and cognitive data sets, including structural equation modeling (SEM), directed transfer function (DTF), partial directed coherence (PDC), and direct directed transfer function (dDTF). Comparisons were made between the results in order to understand if, for a same dataset, effective and f...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Anatomical and Effective ConnectivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
While temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has been treatable with anti-seizure medications over the past century, there still remain a large percentage of patients whose seizures remain untreatable pharmacologically. To better understand and treat TLE, our laboratory uses several in vivo analytical techniques to estimate connectivity in epilepsy. This paper reviews two different connectivity-based approaches with an emphasis on application to the study of epilepsy. First, we present effective connectivity techniques, such as Granger causality, that has been used to assess the dynamic directional relationships among brain regions....
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Bayesian Inference of Functional Connectivity and Network Structure From SpikesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Current multielectrode techniques enable the simultaneous recording of spikes from hundreds of neurons. To study neural plasticity and network structure it is desirable to infer the underlying functional connectivity between the recorded neurons. Functional connectivity is defined by a large number of parameters, which characterize how each neuron influences the other neurons. A Bayesian approach that combines information from the recorded spikes (likelihood) with prior beliefs about functional connectivity (prior) can improve inference of these parameters and reduce overfitting. Recent studies have used likelihood functio...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Guest Editorial Modeling the Connectivity of the Neural SystemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals