Floating-Point Approximation Enabling Cost-Effective and High-Precision Digital Implementation of FitzHugh-Nagumo Neural Networks
The study of neuron interactions and hardware implementations are crucial research directions in neuroscience, particularly in developing large-scale biological neural networks. The FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model is a popular neuron model with highly biological plausibility, but its complexity makes it difficult to apply at scale. This paper presents a cost-saving and improved precision approximation algorithm for the digital implementation of the FHN model. By converting the computational data into floating-point numbers, the original multiplication calculations are replaced by adding the floating-point exponent part and fit...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 2, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Human Eye Activity Monitoring Using Continuous Wave Doppler Radar: A Feasibility Study
This article proposes a novel eye movement monitoring method called continuous wave doppler oculogram (cDOG). Unlike the conventional EOG-based eye movement monitoring methods, cDOG based on continuous wave doppler radar sensor (cDRS) can remotely measure human eye activity without placing electrodes on the head. To verify the feasibility of using cDOG for eye movement monitoring, we first theoretically analyzed the association between the radar signal and the corresponding eye movements measured with EOG. Afterward, we conducted an experiment to compare EOG and cDOG measurements under the conditions of eyes closure and op...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 2, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Memristive Bionic Memory Circuit Implementation and Its Application in Multisensory Mutual Associative Learning Networks
Memory is vital and indispensable for organisms and brain-inspired intelligence to gain complete sensation and cognition of the environment. In this work, a memristive bionic memory circuit inspired by human memory model is proposed, which includes 1) receptor and sensory neuron (SN), 2) short-term memory (STM) module, and 3) long-term memory (LTM) module. By leveraging the in-memory computing characteristic of memristors, various functions such as sensation, learning, forgetting, recall, consolidation, reconsolidation, retrieval, and reset are realized. Besides, a multisensory mutual associative learning network is constr...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 2, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Direct Current-Sensing VCO-Based 2nd-Order Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator for Biosensor Readout Applications
A second-order voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based continuous-time sigma-delta modulator (CTSDM) for current-sensing readout applications is proposed. Current signals from the sensor can directly be quantized by the proposed VCO-based CTSDM, which does not require any extra trans-impedance amplifiers. With the proportional-integral (PI) structure and a VCO phase integrator, the capability of second-order noise shaping is available to reduce the in-band quantization noise. The PI structure can be simply realized by a resistor in series with the integrating capacitor, which can reduce the architecture complexity and ma...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 2, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A High Precision, Wide Dynamic Range Closed-Loop Neuromodulation IC With Rapid Stimulation Artifact Recovery
This article presents a high precision, wide dynamic range (DR) closed-loop neuromodulation (CLNM) system that can completely reject stimulation artifacts (SA) and achieve rapid SA recovery. In the recorder, a novel SA quick-blanking scheme is proposed for rail-to-rail SA rejection while minimizing SA recovery time. Besides, a new analog front-end (AFE) architecture based on a frequency-shaping (FS) technique is developed to extend DR intrinsically. In the stimulator, a stimulation driver implemented with a proposed redundant crossfire (RXF) technique is incorporated to improve the effective resolution of the stimulation c...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 2, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Guest Editorial—Selected Papers From the 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems
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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Low-Noise Low-Power 0.001Hz–1kHz Neural Recording System-on-Chip With Sample-Level Duty-Cycling
This article presents a 16-channel wide-band ultra-low-noise neural recording system-on-chip (SoC) fabricated in 65nm CMOS for chronic use in mobile healthcare settings that spans a bandwidth of 0.001 Hz to 1 kHz through a featured sample-level duty-cycling (SLDC) mode. Each recording channel is implemented by a delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) achieving 1.0 $\mu$ V${}_{rms}$ input-referred noise over 1Hz–1kHz bandwidth with a Noise Efficiency Factor (NEF) of 2.93 in continuous operation mode. In SLDC mode, the power supply is duty-cycled while maintaining consistently low input-referred noise levels at ultr...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 26, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Flexible Unipolar IGZO Transistor-Based Integrate and Fire Neurons for Spiking Neuromorphic Applications
In this article, three different implementations of an Axon-Hillock circuit are presented, one of the basic building blocks of spiking neural networks. In this work, we explored the design of such circuits using a unipolar thin-film transistor technology based on amorphous InGaZnO, often used for large-area electronics. All the designed circuits are fabricated by direct material deposition and patterning on top of a flexible polyimide substrate. Axon-Hillock circuits presented in this article consistently show great adaptability of the basic properties of a spiking neuron such as output spike frequency adaptation and outpu...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 2, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research