Biomechanical MEMS Electrostatic Energy Harvester for Pacemaker Application: A Study of Optimal Interface Circuit
The leadless pacemaker is the most recent pacemaker concept, developed to overcome conventional pacemakers' limitations. This technology offers better comfort to the patients, lower risk from implantation, and higher reliability. However, these devices suffer from limited battery lifetime due to the extreme miniaturization required for implantation inside the heart cavities. This work proposes extending the battery lifetime by converting biomechanical heartbeat energy into electricity using an innovative electrostatic MEMS energy harvesting device. Based on theoretical models and experiments, we propose a general approach ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 22, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

From Finite Element Simulations to Equivalent Circuit Models of Extracellular Neuronal Recording Systems Based on Planar and Mushroom Electrodes
Conclusion: our multi-compartment equivalent circuits match accurately the FEM simulations. They unveil the existence of an optimum number of compartments for accurate circuit simulation. FEM simulations suggest that while steric effects are in most instances negligible, the extracellular ion transport affects the reversal potentials and consequently the recorded signal if the electrolytic cleft becomes thinner than approximately 100 nm. Significance: the proposed methodology and circuit models improve upon the existing area and point contact models. The coupling between the extracellular concentrations and reversal potent...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 22, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 20, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 20, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 20, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 20, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 20, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Probing Tissue Viscoelasticity With STL Ultrasound Shearwave Spectroscopy Using Cole–Cole Diagrams
Conclusion: Omitting Shear wave attenuation leads to bias. Reconstruction of rheological response with a model is sensitive to its architecture and also the framework. Significance: We use “full spectral information” in ultrasound shear wave elastography to better map $\mu ^{*}(\omega)$ changes in viscoelastic tissues. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - March 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Real-World Balance Assessment While Standing for Fall Prediction in Older Adults
Conclusion: Real-world balance features differ considerably from laboratory balance assessments (Romberg test) and have a higher predictive capacity for identifying patients at high risk of falling. Significance: These findings highlight the need to move beyond traditional laboratory-based balance measures and develop more sensitive and accurate methods for predicting falls. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 27, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Biomimetic Deep Learning Networks With Applications to Epileptic Spasms and Seizure Prediction
In this study, we present a novel biomimetic deep learning network for epileptic spasms and seizure prediction and compare its performance with state-of-the-art conventional machine learning models. Methods: Our proposed model incorporates modular Volterra kernel convolutional networks and bidirectional recurrent networks in combination with the phase amplitude cross-frequency coupling features derived from scalp EEG. They are applied to the standard CHB-MIT dataset containing focal epilepsy episodes as well as two other datasets from the Montefiore Medical Center and the University of California Los Angeles that provide d...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 27, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Complete Complementary Coded Excitation Scheme for SNR Improvement of 2D Sparse Array Ultrasound Imaging
Driving the numerous elements of 2D matrix arrays for 3D ultrasound imaging is very challenging in terms of cable size, wiring and data rate. The sparse array approach tackles this problem by optimally distributing a reduced number of elements over a 2D aperture while preserving a decent image quality and beam steering capabilities. Unfortunately, reducing the number of elements significantly reduces the active probe footprint reducing as a consequence the sensitivity and at the end the signal-to-noise ratio. Here we propose a new coded excitation scheme based on complete complementary codes to increase the signal-to-noise...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 27, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Noncontact Infant Apnea Detection for Hypoxia Prevention With a K-Band Biomedical Radar
This article introduces a non-contact technique for infant cardiopulmonary monitoring and an adjustable apnea detection algorithm. These are developed using a custom-designed K-band continuous-wave biomedical radar sensor system, which features a DC-coupled adaptive digital tuning function. By using radar technology to detect chest motions without physical contact, it is feasible to extract significant biological information regarding an infant's respiration and heartbeat. The proposed algorithm utilizes an adaptively adjusted threshold and personalized apnea warning time to automatically measure the total number of apneic...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 27, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

The Simultaneous Model-Based Estimation of Joint, Muscle, and Tendon Stiffness is Highly Sensitive to the Tendon Force-Strain Relationship
Conclusion: EMG-driven musculoskeletal models can be calibrated on a larger set of reference data to provide more realistic values for the biomechanical variables across multiple anatomical levels. Moreover, the tendon models that are typically used in musculoskeletal modeling are too stiff. Significance: Calibrated musculoskeletal models informed by experimental measurements give access to an augmented range of biomechanical variables that might not be easily measured with sensors alone. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 27, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

The Minimally-Invasive Oral Glucose Minimal Model: Estimation of Gastric Retention, Glucose Rate of Appearance, and Insulin Sensitivity From Type 1 Diabetes Data Collected in Real-Life Conditions
Conclusion: The MI-OMM is usable to estimate GR, R$_\text{a}$, and S$_\text{I}$ from data collected in real-life conditions with minimally-invasive technologies. Significance: Applying MI-OMM to datasets where meal compositions are available will allow modeling the effect of each macronutrient on GR, R$_\text{a}$, and S$_\text{I}$. DSS could finally exploit this information to improve diabetes management. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 27, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Modeling Doxorubicin Pharmacokinetics in Multiple Myeloma Suggests Mechanism of Drug Resistance
Conclusions: A reliable PK model describing DOXO uptake and release in MM cells has been successfully developed. Significance: The proposed PK model, once integrated with DOXO pharmacodynamics, has the potential of allowing the study and the optimization of DOXO treatment strategies in MM. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 27, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research