ImmunobiologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest items in this publication.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

389 records returned

Effects of two basidiomycete species on interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production by macrophage and T cell lines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two basidiomycete species, Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) and Cordyceps sinensis (CS) were examined for induction of cytokines in murine macrophage cell line R309 (R309) and T cell line LBRM-33 1A5 (1A5). When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated R309 were exposed to the extracts of basidiomycetes, R309 induced significant levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1). Interleukin 2 (IL-2) induction was recognized in 1A5 cultures in the presence of IL-1 and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). However, no enhancement of IL-2 production by these basidiomycetes was discerned in 1A5 cultures with IL-1 and PHA, i.e., direct action of basidiomycetes wa...
Source: Immunobiology - November 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kawanishi T, Ikeda-Dantsuji Y, Nagayama A Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Emerging pathways of non-genomic glucocorticoid (GC) signalling in T cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the last decade new glucocorticoid (GC)-signalling mechanisms have emerged. The evolving field of non-genomic GC actions was precipitated from two major directions: (i) some rapid/acute clinical GC applications could not be explained based on the relatively slowly appearing genomic GC action and (ii) accumulating evidence came to light about the discrepancy in the apoptosis sensitivity and GR expression of thymocytes and other lymphoid cell types. Herein, we attempt to sample the latest information in the field of non-genomic GC signalling in T cells, and correlate it with results from our laboratory. We discuss som...
Source: Immunobiology - November 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Boldizsar F, Talaber G, Szabo M, Bartis D, Palinkas L, Nemeth P, Berki T Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Choline attenuates immune inflammation and suppresses oxidative stress in patients with asthma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Asthma is a chronic immune inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction and increased bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). Therapeutic interventions reduce airway inflammation and relieve symptoms but associated with potential side effects that limit their usefulness. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of choline on immune inflammation and BHR in asthma subjects. The patients of asthma (n=76) were recruited and treated with choline supplement (1500mg twice) or standard pharmacotherapy for 6 months in two groups. The patients were evaluated by clinical, immunologic and biochemical pa...
Source: Immunobiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mehta AK, Singh BP, Arora N, Gaur SN Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

The human lung surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) interact with apoptotic target cells by different binding mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of the lung surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in immune defence is well established. They bind to foreign organisms that invade the lungs and target them for phagocytic clearance by resident alveolar macrophages. SP-A and SP-D also bind to various apoptotic cells and facilitate their phagocytic uptake. To date, the molecular mechanisms by which the lung surfactant proteins interact with apoptotic cells and phagocytes are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate further the interactions between SP-A and SP-D and apoptotic cells using human neutrophils and Jurkat cells as model systems. Spec...
Source: Immunobiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jäkel A, Clark H, Reid KB, Sim RB Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Signaling pathways induced by a tumor-derived vaccine in antigen presenting cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have previously reported on the anti-tumoral potential of a chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) vaccine. Immunization with CRCL generated from tumors elicits specific T and NK cell-dependent immune responses leading to protective immunity in numerous mouse tumor models. CRCL provides both a source of tumor antigens and danger signals leading to dendritic cell activation. In humans, tumor-derived CRCL induces dendritic cell activation and CRCL-loaded dendritic cells promote the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. The current study was designed to identify the signaling events and modifications triggered by ...
Source: Immunobiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cantrell J, Larmonier C, Janikashvili N, Bustamante S, Fraszczak J, Herrell A, Lundeen T, J Lacasse C, Situ E, Larmonier N, Katsanis E Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Preparation and immunogenicity of capsular polysaccharide-surface adhesin A (PsaA) conjugate of Streptococcuspneumoniae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The efforts were focused on exploring alternative pneumococcal vaccine strategies, aimed at addressing the shortcomings of existing formulations, without compromising efficacy. We generated a stable Escherichiacoli construct expressing functional recombinant PsaA and prepared CPS-rPsaA conjugate. The distribution of anti-CPS antibody response was almost completely of IgG2a subclass followed by IgG3 and low level of IgG1 subclass, which was opposite to the distribution of anti-PsaA IgG subclass antibodies. Though rPsaA was not detectable on the surface of the pneumococcal strain, the CPS-rPsaA conjugate possessed more a...
Source: Immunobiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lin H, Lin Z, Meng C, Huang J, Guo Y Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Alternating 2'-O-ribose methylation is a universal approach for generating non-stimulatory siRNA by acting as TLR7 antagonist.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is widely used to modulate gene expression, but its potential induction of cytokines via Toll-like receptors (TLR) strongly impairs its use. Selective 2'-O-ribose methylation of sense or antisense strand can abolish the immunostimulatory potential, however, no universal approach is available and the mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that alternating 2'-O-ribose methylation of the sense strand within a siRNA duplex specific for eGFP or beta(2)-microglobulin destroyed its immunostimulatory function in primary immune cells, while reduction in target gene expression was func...
Source: Immunobiology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hamm S, Latz E, Hangel D, Müller T, Yu P, Golenbock D, Sparwasser T, Wagner H, Bauer S Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Cannabinoid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Potential for modulation of inflammatory disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cannabinoids act via cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (CB(1) and CB(2)) and the ion channel receptor TRPV1. Evidence has now emerged suggesting that an additional target is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors. There are three PPAR subtypes alpha, delta (also known as beta) and gamma, which regulate cell differentiation, metabolism and immune function. The major endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and ajulemic acid, a structural analogue of the phytocannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have anti-inflammatory properties mediated by PPA...
Source: Immunobiology - October 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: O'Sullivan SE, Kendall DA Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Active immune response protects Stat6VT transgenic mice from developing a lymphoproliferative disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stat6 is a transcription factor that regulates important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival through mediating IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Importantly, increasing evidence indicates of a role for Stat6 in lymphoproliferative disorders. Mice expressing a constitutively active form of Stat6 (Stat6VT) primarily in T lymphocytes were generated, and it has been recently described that a small percentage ( approximately 5%) of these mice develop a spontaneous lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) resulting in dramatic splenomegaly and altered splenic cell populations. Here, we report that Stat6...
Source: Immunobiology - October 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Crane ED, Stephenson N, Haffner C, Bruns HA Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Endotoxin tolerance: Selective alterations in gene expression and protection against lymphocyte death.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Extensive lymphocyte apoptosis may be an important cause of immune suppression in sepsis. Here we investigated the effect of LPS tolerance on lymphocyte apoptosis in an experimental model of polymicrobial infection. Tolerance was induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (1.0mg/kg/subcutaneously) once a day for 5 days. Macroarray analysis of mRNA isolated from T-(CD4) lymphocytes was used to identify genes that are differentially expressed during LPS tolerance. In addition, assessment of the expression of apoptosis-associated lymphocyte gene products and apoptotic events was performed on the 8th day; 6h after the ...
Source: Immunobiology - September 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Melo ES, Goloubkova T, Barbeiro DF, Gorjão R, Vasconcelos D, Szabo C, Curi R, de Lima Salgado TM, Velasco IT, Soriano FG Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Paths reunited: Initiation of the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Understanding the structural organisation and mode of action of the initiating complex of the classical pathway of complement activation (C1) has been a central goal in complement biology since its isolation almost 50 years ago. Nevertheless, knowledge is still incomplete, especially with regard to the interactions between its subcomponents C1q, C1r and C1s that trigger activation upon binding to a microbial target. Recent studies have provided new insights into these interactions, and have revealed unexpected parallels with initiating complexes of the lectin pathway of complement: MBL-MASP and ficolin-MASP. Here, we d...
Source: Immunobiology - September 24, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wallis R, Mitchell DA, Schmid R, Schwaeble WJ, Keeble AH Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Protective effects of interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced experimental endotoxemia are linked to alteration in hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes and endogenous cytokines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Endogenous interleukin-6 has been considered as an important anti-inflammatory cytokine controlling both local and systemic acute inflammatory responses; the usefulness of IL-6 in endotoxemia aiming to block the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of inflammatory cytokines is under discussion The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effects of IL-6 in experimentally induced endotoxemia in mice correlating the changes in tissue anti-oxidant enzymes and circulating cytokines. Liver injury in low-dose bacterial lipopolysaccharide (5mug/mouse)-induced endotoxemic mice receiving IL-6 (300ng/mous...
Source: Immunobiology - September 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nandi D, Mishra MK, Basu A, Bishayi B Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Cannabinoids and experimental models of multiple sclerosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The inflammatory response is a hallmark in the development of autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Research on these pathological phenomena is being extensively undertaken and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as a valuable animal model. Studies from this model have generated interesting insights into biological effects of cannabinoids and may, at least to a certain extent, reflect the cannabinoid-mediated protective mechanisms also in human diseases with similar characteristics, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Cannabinoids are involved in regulation ...
Source: Immunobiology - September 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kubajewska I, Constantinescu CS Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

CD45 regulates thymocyte survival during development in fetal thymic organ culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase is essential for T cell development. Its external domain undergoes changes in glycosylation and isoform usage during thymocyte development, the consequences of which remain unknown. The contribution of this complex external domain to T cell development is unknown so we sought to examine the impact of CD45 engagement on T cell development. Treatment of wildtype fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOC) with certain CD45-specific monoclonal antibodies resulted in decreased thymocyte numbers specifically at the double positive and CD4 single positive stages of development. The decrease in th...
Source: Immunobiology - September 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ferguson BV, Ostergaard HL Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Interferon-gamma-mediated pathways are induced in human CD34(+) haematopoietic stem cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, stimulation of haematopoietic stem cells with IFN-gamma activates IDO and neopterin formation, and it also exerts an influence on the proliferation of various stem cell populations. PMID: 19765856 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - September 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kurz K, Gluhcheva Y, Zvetkova E, Konwalinka G, Fuchs D Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Transcriptional effects of Colony-stimulating factor-1 in mouse macrophages.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is a major regulator of macrophage development. CSF-1-dependent signalling has been implicated in proliferation, survival, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, however, relatively little is known about the effects of CSF-1 on macrophage gene transcription and on CSF-1-responsive gene promoters. We used a combination of transcription profiling and in silico motif search to characterize genes that are regulated in mature bone marrow-derived macrophages cultured in the presence or absence of CSF-1. The expression of many known differentiation-associated macrophage markers was ...
Source: Immunobiology - September 13, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: El Chartouni C, Benner C, Eigner M, Lichtinger M, Rehli M Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Galectin-3 plays a modulatory role in the life span and activation of murine neutrophils during early Toxoplasma gondii infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, Gal-3 plays an important modulatory role by interfering in Nphi life span and activation during early T. gondii infection. PMID: 19720428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - August 28, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alves CM, Silva DA, Azzolini AE, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Carvalho JV, Pajuaba AC, Lucisano-Valim YM, Chammas R, Liu FT, Roque-Barreira MC, Mineo JR Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

IL-6-transfected tumor cells modulate the status of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells to control tumor growth.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates the effects of tumor-derived IL-6 on the malignancy of tumor cells and tumor immunity. The tumor cell line, EG7, was transfected with a mammalian expression vector encoding the full length of murine IL-6 to mimic IL-6-secreting tumor cells. Two IL-6 transfectants with low and high IL-6 production were compared in vitro and in vivo. While the in vitro proliferation rates of both transfectants and the parental line were similar, high expression of IL-6 induced a significant reduction in tumor growth in vivo. Concomitantly, there was an increase in IFN-gamma positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and ...
Source: Immunobiology - August 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hsieh CL, Liu SJ, Shen CR, Chen MY, Hsu SC, Tsai JP, Li YS, Yang CJ, Chong P, Chen HW Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Inflammatory macrophages, and not only neutrophils, die by apoptosis during acute peritonitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we characterized kinetics of apoptotic death of inflammatory leukocytes during acute peritoneal inflammation and revealed that both phagocyte populations (neutrophils and macrophages) die numerously in peritoneum. PMID: 19656586 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - August 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kolaczkowska E, Koziol A, Plytycz B, Arnold B Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Macrophage suppression following phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils is mediated by the S100A9 calcium-binding protein.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we propose that S100A9 is a novel component of the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation, acting side-by-side with other suppressor factors generated upon ingestion of apoptotic cells. PMID: 19656587 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - August 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: De Lorenzo BH, Godoy LC, Novaes E Brito RR, Pagano RL, Amorim-Dias MA, Grosso DM, Lopes JD, Mariano M Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Uncoupling between CD1d upregulation induced by retinoic acid and conduritol-B-epoxide and iNKT cell responsiveness.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gaucher disease (GD) is associated with upregulation of CD1d and MHC-class II expression by monocytes. While the physiological impact of CD1d upregulation remains uncertain, it has been proposed that MHC-class II upregulation is associated with inflammation. Hereby, we show that the decrease in MHC-class II expression seen in GD patients under therapy correlates positively with chitotriosidase activity, a marker of inflamed macrophages. We also show that retinoic acid (RA) and the beta-glucocerebrosidase inhibitor conduritol-B-epoxide (CBE) lead to upregulation of CD1d expression by THP-1 cells, which correlated with a...
Source: Immunobiology - July 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Balreira A, Cavallari M, Miranda MC, Arosa FA Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Secreted phospholipases A(2): A proinflammatory connection between macrophages and mast cells in the human lung.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Secretory phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)) are an emerging class of mediators of inflammation. These enzymes accumulate in plasma and other biological fluids of patients with inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases. sPLA(2)s are secreted at low levels in the normal airways and tend to increase during inflammatory lung diseases (e.g. bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung fibrosis, and sarcoidosis) as the result of plasma extravasation and/or local production. Such immune resident cells as macrophages and mast cells can be a source of sPLA(2)s in the lung. However, these cells are...
Source: Immunobiology - July 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Granata F, Nardicchi V, Loffredo S, Frattini A, Ilaria Staiano R, Agostini C, Triggiani M Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Translational repression of inducible NO synthase in macrophages by l-arginine depletion is not associated with an increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In mouse inflammatory macrophages the cytokine-mediated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is regulated by the availability of the substrate l-arginine. Following arginine starvation the levels of iNOS mRNA remain unimpaired, whereas the translation of iNOS protein is strikingly downregulated. In the present study we addressed the question, whether arginine-deficient macrophages follow the canonical integrated stress response (ISR) that in other cell types depleted of amino acids was characterized by the accumulation of phosphorylated (i.e. inactive) eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2alpha (eI...
Source: Immunobiology - July 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: König T, Bogdan C, Schleicher U Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Interleukin-17 regulates chemokine and gelatinase B expression in fibroblasts to recruit both neutrophils and monocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine, produced only by activated lymphocytes, but with a broad cellular host range. The effects of IL-17 on fibroblasts were investigated by analysis of the induction of chemokine and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) mRNA levels by RT-PCR. IL-17 stimulated CC chemokine (monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MCP-1/JE) and CXC (KC, MIP-2) chemokine and TIMP-1 mRNA expression in fibroblastoid L929 cells. In normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) this induction profile by IL-17 was extended with the mRNAs encoding the chemokine granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) and the protea...
Source: Immunobiology - July 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qiu Z, Dillen C, Hu J, Verbeke H, Struyf S, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in autoimmune diabetes - Potential tools for immunotherapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which a T-cell-mediated attack destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreatic islets. Despite insulin supplementation severe complications ask for novel treatments that aim at cure or delay of the onset of the disease. In spontaneous animal models for diabetes like the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, distinct steps in the pathogenesis of the disease can be distinguished. In the past 10 years it became evident that DC and macrophages play an important role in all three phases of the pathogenesis of T1D. In phase 1, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages accumulate a...
Source: Immunobiology - July 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nikolic T, Welzen-Coppens JM, Leenen PJ, Drexhage HA, Versnel MA Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Inhibition of the proteasome influences murine and human dendritic cell development in vitro and in vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) known today and are designated as nature's adjuvant since they are the only antigen-presenting cell type capable of inducing naïve T cell responses in vivo. In order to become potent T cell stimulators DC have to mature. This mature DC phenotype is characterized amongst other characteristics by the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, CD86 and the cell surface expression of CD83. Inhibition of their expression blocks the immune responses in vitro and in vivo, and thus represents an interesting strategy to control undes...
Source: Immunobiology - July 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zinser E, Rößner S, Littmann L, Lüftenegger D, Schubert U, Steinkasserer A Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: Immunodeficiency resulting from defective cell migration and impaired immunostimulatory activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for many aspects of correct and cooperative functioning of immune cells, such as migration, antigen uptake and cell activation. The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) is an important regulator of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and lack of this protein results in impaired immune function. This review discusses recent new insights of the role of WASp at molecular and cellular level and evaluates how WASp deficiency affects important immunological features and how defective immune cell function contributes to compromised host defence. PMID: 19628299 [PubMed - as ...
Source: Immunobiology - July 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bouma G, Burns SO, Thrasher AJ Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Fucosyltransferase IV and VII-directed selectin ligand function determines long-term survival in experimental tuberculosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to determine the relative importance of fucosyltransferase (Fuc-T)-directed functionalization of selectin ligands for chronic inflammatory and antibacterially protective responses in vivo, mice selectively deficient for Fuc-TIV, Fuc-TVII or both were infected by aerosol with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Fuc-TIV/Fuc-TVII-deficient, and to a lesser extent, Fuc-TVII-deficient mice succumbed significantly faster to infection than Fuc-TIV-deficient and wildtype (WT) mice, although no differentially increased bacterial load or qualitatively different histopathology was apparent in moribund mice. To determine if...
Source: Immunobiology - July 19, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ehlers S, Schreiber T, Dunzendorfer A, Lowe JB, Hölscher C Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Polyreactive antibodies in multidonor-derived immunoglobulin G: Theory and conclusions drawn from experiments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Multidonor-derived (md) preparations of IgG antibodies, agents of therapeutic potential, contain molecules interacting at clonal concentrations (concns) and with affinities recently estimated to cover a considerable range. Here we demonstrate that polyreactivity of the monomeric molecules represents the essential driving force of formation of the main reaction product, the IgG-dimers. This conclusion is obtained by applying the principles of the law of mass action to dimer formation by polyreactive monomeric reactants. In addition, general interrelationships involving the mean number of reactants per reactor, the exper...
Source: Immunobiology - July 7, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gronski P, Schridde C, Försterling HD Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Inflammatory biomarker, neopterin, predominantly enhances myelopoiesis, which suppresses erythropoiesis via activated stromal cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neopterin is produced by monocytes and is a useful biomarker for inflammation. We found previously that neopterin enhanced myelopoiesis but suppressed B-lymphopoiesis triggered by the positive and negative regulations of cytokines produced by stromal cells in mice. The effects of neopterin on erythropoiesis during the enhancement of myelopoiesis were determined in the present study using C57BL/6J mice. The intravenous injection of neopterin into mice resulted in a prolonged decrease in the number of femoral erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-Es and CFU-Es), whereas the number of femoral myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GMs) ...
Source: Immunobiology - July 7, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tsuboi I, Harada T, Hirabayashi Y, Kanno J, Inoue T, Aizawa S Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

The CD300 molecules regulate monocyte and dendritic cell functions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The CD300 glycoproteins are a family of related leucocyte surface molecules that modulate a diverse array of cell processes via their paired triggering and inhibitory receptor functions. All family members have a single Ig-V like domain and they share a common evolutionary pathway. At least one member of the family has undergone significant positive selection (ranked second in the top 50) indicating a need to maintain some crucial function. Here we have reviewed the CD300 family members, and their expression on cells of the monocyte and dendritic cell lineages. The consequences of CD300 molecule expression by these leu...
Source: Immunobiology - July 7, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Clark GJ, Ju X, Azlan M, Tate C, Ding Y, Hart DN Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

On the co-purification of 6-sulfo LacNAc(+) dendritic cells (slanDC) with NK cells enriched from human blood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ability of NK cells to directly recognize pathogens and be activated via Toll-like receptors (TLR) is increasingly recognized. Nevertheless, controversial results on the NK cell ability to be directly activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the ligand of TLR4, have been recently reported. To start elucidating the reasons explaining the contrasting observations of the literature, we focused on the potential role of currently used NK cell purification procedures to condition putative NK cell responsiveness to LPS. To do so, human NK cells were isolated by negative selection, using three different commercial kits, to b...
Source: Immunobiology - July 6, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Costantini C, Calzetti F, Perbellini O, Cassatella MA Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Vgamma9+ gammadelta T cells in systemic sclerosis patients are numerically and functionally preserved and induce fibroblast apoptosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vdelta1 expressing gammadelta T cells are oligoclonally expanded in systemic sclerosis (SSc) (scleroderma) and thought to play an immunopathogenic role, whereas that of Vgamma9+ gammadelta T cells is unclear. In studies of 16 patients and 16 healthy controls (HCs) we found that whereas the percent of Vdelta1+ gammadelta T cells was significantly elevated among the peripheral blood T cells in patients without radiographic evidence of interstitial lung disease (n=7), Vgamma9+ T cells were equally and persistently represented irrespective of pulmonary disease or cyclophosphamide treatment, at levels similar to healthy con...
Source: Immunobiology - July 6, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bendersky A, Markovits N, Bank I Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

HSV-1 upregulates the ARE-binding protein tristetraprolin in a STAT1- and p38-dependent manner in mature dendritic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dendritic cells are the sentinels of the immune system and as such represent the first-line of defense against incoming pathogens. Upon encounter with harmful antigens, these antigen-presenting cells start to mature and migrate towards the draining lymph nodes to display the antigen to T-lymphocytes, thereby eliciting the immune response of the host. Viruses, including human herpesvirus type I (HSV-1), seek to avoid such immune reactions. Therefore, they developed an arsenal of immune evasion strategies, some of which have been described earlier by our group and others. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) repr...
Source: Immunobiology - July 5, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kummer M, Prechtel AT, Mühl-Zürbes P, Turza NM, Steinkasserer A Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Specific inhibition of the classical complement pathway with an engineered single-chain Fv to C1q globular heads decreases complement activation by apoptotic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Apoptotic cells are potent complement activators; and proposed mechanisms include IgM-mediated classical pathway activation, C-reactive protein (CRP)-mediated classical pathway activation, and IgM-mediated lectin pathway activation. While complement activation is beneficial in clearing apoptotic cells, the resulting complement-mediated inflammation may extend damage to the surrounding cells and tissues, as observed in ischemia/reperfusion injury. We previously engineered and characterized a single-chain Fv against C1q globular heads (scFv(QuVHVL)) that blocked C1q binding to immobilized IgG and to IgG-sensitized cells,...
Source: Immunobiology - July 5, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Duvall MR, Hwang HY, Boackle RJ Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Immunobiology. 2009 Jul 6; Authors: Sozzani S, Mantovani A PMID: 19586685 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - July 5, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sozzani S, Mantovani A Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Proteolytic cleavage of chemokines by Trypanosoma cruzi's cruzipain inhibits chemokine functions by promoting the generation of antagonists.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that cruzipain modulates biological functions of chemokines through proteolytic cleavage, by generating chemokine-derived peptides with antagonist activities. This event could play a role during the latest phases of Chagas disease, when the parasite may differentially modulate chemokine-mediated inflammatory responses. PMID: 19581017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - July 3, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Benítez-Hernández I, Méndez-Enríquez E, Ostoa P, Fortoul T, Ramírez JA, Stempin C, Cerbán F, Soldevila G, García-Zepeda EA Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

B-1 cell participation in T-cell-mediated alloimmune response.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
B-1 and B cells are important producers of natural antibodies in mice and humans and, therefore, are considered as the first line of defense against pathogens. Because of that, their role in T-cell-mediated immune responses is commonly underrated. However, recent studies have described the participation of B-1 cells in immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity. The present work assessed the role of B-1 cells in the rejection of allografts in mice, an immune reaction mainly orchestrated by T cells. We have transplanted allogeneic skin and heart to wild-type and B-1-cell-deficient mice, and followed rejection kinetics....
Source: Immunobiology - July 3, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nogueira-Martins MF, Mariano M Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Immunomodulatory effects of zinc and DHEA on the Th-1 immune response in rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chagas' disease is considered the sixth most important neglected tropical disease worldwide. Considerable knowledge has been accumulated concerning the role of zinc on cellular immunity. The steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is also known to modulate the immune system. The aims of this paper were to investigate a possible synchronization of their effects on cytokines and NO production and the resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi during the acute phase of infection. It was found that zinc, DHEA or zinc and DHEA supplementation enhanced the immune response, as evidenced by a significant reduction in parasitemia le...
Source: Immunobiology - July 3, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Brazão V, Santello FH, Caetano LC, Del Vecchio Filipin M, Paula Alonso Toldo M, do Prado JC Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Soluble macrophage-derived CD163: A homogenous ectodomain protein with a dissociable haptoglobin-hemoglobin binding.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Serum sCD163 is a homogenous protein covering more than 94% of the CD163 ectodomain including the Hp-Hb-binding region. However, CD163 is a poor competitor of Hp-Hb uptake, probably because of its soluble nature, where Hp-Hb cannot take advantage of receptor cross-linkage. PMID: 19581020 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - July 3, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Møller HJ, Nielsen MJ, Maniecki MB, Madsen M, Moestrup SK Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Role of ovarian hormones in age-associated thymic involution revisited.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A commonly held view that ovarian hormones are causally involved in age-associated thymic involution has been recently challenged. In particular, their relevance in the progression of thymic involution has been disputed. To reassess this issue 10-month-old rats with well advanced thymic involutive changes were ovariectomized (Ovx), and after 1 month thymic cellularity, thymocyte development and levels of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) were examined in peripheral blood and spleen. In addition, the distribution of major conventional and regulatory T-cell subsets was analyzed in the same peripheral lymphocyte compartments...
Source: Immunobiology - July 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Perišić M, Arsenović-Ranin N, Pilipović I, Kosec D, Pešić V, Radojević K, Leposavić G Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Engagement of BDCA-2 blocks TRAIL-mediated cytotoxic activity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that TLR7 and TLR9 ligands can induce the secretion of biologically active TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) by PDC. Accordingly, PDC supernatant is endowed with TRAIL-mediated cytotoxic activity when tested on a TRAIL-sensitive Jurkat cell line. TRAIL production is only partially dependent on the autocrine production of IFN I as documented by the use of a blocking anti-IFNRA antibody and the stimulation with exogenous IFN I. Importantly, both TRAIL secretion and cytotoxic activity of PDC supernatants are completely abolished by BDCA2 ligation. These results provide further insights int...
Source: Immunobiology - July 2, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Riboldi E, Daniele R, Cassatella MA, Sozzani S, Bosisio D Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Understanding the role of monocytic cells in liver inflammation using parasite infection as a model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Uncontrolled inflammation is a major cause of pathogenicity during chronic parasite infections. Novel therapies should therefore aim at re-establishing the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signals during disease to avoid tissue damage and ensure survival of the host. In this context, we are intending to identify strategies capable of inducing counter-inflammatory activity in injured liver and thereby increasing the resistance of the host to African trypanosomiasis as a model for parasite infection. Here, recent evidence is summarized revealing how monocytic cells recruited to the liver of African trypanosome-...
Source: Immunobiology - July 1, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bosschaerts T, Guilliams M, Stijlemans B, De Baetselier P, Beschin A Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Cell-permeable ceramides act as novel regulators of U937 cell-cell adhesion mediated by CD29, CD98, and CD147.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report novel modulatory effects of ceramides on the functional activation of beta1 integrins (CD29) and their associated molecules, such as CD98 and CD147, using U937 cell-cell or cell-fibronectin (FN) adhesion events. Cell-permeable ceramides (C2- or C6-ceramides) effectively blocked monocytic cell-cell adhesion, mediated by CD29, CD98, and CD147, and cell-FN adhesion in a dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effect was demonstrated with the treatment of only ceramides but not other sphingolipid metabolites or analogs, such as sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and fumonisin B1. Ceramides displayed a dis...
Source: Immunobiology - June 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lee YG, Lee J, Cho JY Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway involves the suppression induced by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway was explored as one of the mechanisms for the suppression and cytotoxicity induced by Tregs. Here, we demonstrated that Galectin-9 was expressed on CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Interestingly, blocking Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway resulted in an obvious decreased suppression activity of Tregs and enhanced Th1 cytokine level in vitro. Furthermore, blocking Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway negated prolonged survival of allogeneic skin grafts induced by CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs in vivo. Our results suggest that Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway...
Source: Immunobiology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wang F, Wan L, Zhang C, Zheng X, Li J, Chen ZK Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

The pivotal role of p38 and NF-kappaB signal pathways in the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated by streptococcal agent OK-432.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, has been shown as an effective activator to induce human monocyte-derived dendritic cells maturation. During this process, the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 plays an important role. However, the signaling pathway involved in has not been fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms, by which OK-432 induced maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). We observed that exposure of immature MoDCs to OK-432 activated the p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB pathway, accompanied up-regulated the surface expression of maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86 an...
Source: Immunobiology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pan K, Wang H, Liu WL, Zhang HK, Zhou J, Li JJ, Weng DS, Huang W, Sun JC, Liang XT, Xia JC Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Characterization and genetic diversity of the sturgeon Acipenser schrenskii Ig heavy chain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, Ig heavy chain alleles were cloned by RT-PCR using the specific primers. Sequence analysis showed that Amur sturgeon's VH regions belonged to the same family with higher than 90% identities of their leader peptide (LP). Moreover, a number of conserved motifs in the D segment were identified, and the variability of the CDR3 region was substantial. Further, we speculated that there were at least 12 different JH segments in the locus, contributing to the antibody repertoire of the sturgeon. The genetic diversity of the sturgeon Ig should be associated with the random rearrangement of VH, D and JH segments, acti...
Source: Immunobiology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wang D, Lu TY, Liu HB Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

The variation in cytoplasmic distribution of mouse peritoneal macrophage during phagocytosis modulated by mangiferin, an immunomodulator.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The peritoneal MPhi in the immunological defense removes foreign particles, pathogenic or otherwise, by phagocytosis, and shows movement in search of the target. The macrophage (MPhi) appears in various shapes and sizes, spherical, flattened spindle-shaped, amoeboid, polygonal and with very long extension. On activation, the MPhi shows changes in cell shape, cytokinesis and development of intercellular contacts. A dynamic redistribution of cytoskeleton with cytoplasmic spread and/or extensions occurs with immunomodulators, like Mangiferin (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C(2)-beta-D-glucoside). The MPhi isolated from the ...
Source: Immunobiology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: De A, Chattopadhyay S Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Association between reduced levels of total serum IgE and FcepsilonRI expression in non-releaser basophils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: About 18% of the Indian subjects studied showed non-releaser phenotype and also had reduced serum IgE levels and FcepsilonRI expression. As many components like, histamine releasibility, serum IgE and IgE receptors, were found to be reduced in non-releasers, suggesting a common regulators of the phenotype. These needs to be further evaluated and could lead to identification of a potential target for the development of therapeutics for allergic patients. PMID: 19362683 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Immunobiology)
Source: Immunobiology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kumar P, Singh B, Lal R, Rembhotkar GW, Singh AB Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals

Flow cytometric analysis of T-lymphocytes from nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in a model of secondary immunodeficiency in Wistar rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is responsible for immune responses in the upper respiratory tract of rodents. In our model of protein malnutrition (R21 group), bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), situated in the lower respiratory tract, showed a decrease of CD4(+), CD8alpha(+), and TCRalphabeta(+) lymphocytes but TCRgammadelta(+) cells were increased. Besides, there is no information regarding the frequencies of T-cell populations in 60-day-old Wistar rats (C60 group). So, the aim of the present study was to analyze by flow cytometry NALT T-cells from both groups. NALT lymphocytes were isolated f...
Source: Immunobiology - June 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sosa GA, Quiroga MF, Roux ME Tags: Immunobiology Source Type: journals