ImmunogeneticsThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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330 records returned

Cattle Ly49 is polymorphicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Cattle are the only non-primate species to have an expanded KIR gene family. In addition they have a single Ly49 gene, thought to be monomorphic. We have identified two additional Ly49 cDNA sequences in cattle that encode molecules predicted to differ by 14 and 16 amino acids from the original sequence. All available data indicate the presence of only one Ly49 gene in cattle, thus the divergent sequences reported here may represent ancient allelic lineages, a high level of polymorphism in an ancestral gene or a previously expanded and subsequently contracted Ly49 gene family. Cattle are the only speci...
Source: Immunogenetics - November 12, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Genetic variants in the mannose receptor gene (MRC1) are associated with asthma in two independent populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Mannose receptor is a member of the C-type lectin receptor family involved in pathogen molecular pattern recognition and thought to be critical in shaping host immune responses and maintaining homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate potential associations of genetic variants in the MRC1 gene with asthma in two independent populations. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs2477637, rs2253120, rs2477631, rs2477664, rs692527, rs1926736, and rs691005) in the MRC1 gene locus were genotyped and evaluated regarding association with asthma in 870 unrelated Japanese subjects (446 asthma...
Source: Immunogenetics - November 9, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Association of TNFAIP3 polymorphism with rheumatic heart disease in Chinese Han populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In a pair-matched case–control study (239 versus 478) conducted in Chinese Han population, we investigated the association between tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) gene, complement component 5 (C5) gene, and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). We observed no association with RHD for the five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNP) in the C5 gene, the three tSNPs in the TNFAIP3 gene, or the two tSNPs in the TRAF1 gene. However, we determined that the tSNP, rs582757, located at intron_5 of the TNFAIP3 gene, associ...
Source: Immunogenetics - November 9, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

KIR3DL1/S1 genotypes and KIR2DS4 allelic variants in the AB KIR genotypes are associated with Plasmodium-positive individuals in malaria infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in innate immunity were investigated for an association with malaria in the comparison between Plasmodium-positive and Plasmodium-negative Melanesian individuals in the Solomon Islands, one of the most hyperendemic malaria regions in the world. The higher frequency of a pair of KIR3DL1 and KIR2DS4 was observed in the Plasmodium-positive individuals, which led to the investigation of KIR3DL1/S1 genotypes in concert with KIR2DS4 allelic variants. The positive individuals showed the highest frequency of KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 heterozygosity, which might suggest...
Source: Immunogenetics - October 26, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Identification and characterisation of a novel immune-type receptor (NITR) gene cluster in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, reveals recurrent gene expansion and diversification by positive selectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we demonstrate that species-specific gene expansions provide the raw material for diversifying, positive Darwinian selection favouring the evolution of a highly diverse array of molecules. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00251-009-0398-3Authors Serena Ferraresso, University of Padova Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Viale dell’Università 16 35020 Legnaro ItalyHeiner Kuhl, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Ihnestraße 63-73 14195 Berlin GermanyMassimo Milan, University of Padova Departme...
Source: Immunogenetics - October 22, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Assembly and intracellular trafficking of HLA-B*3501 and HLA-B*3503Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Residue 116 of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chains is an important determinant of assembly, that can influence rates of ER-Golgi trafficking, binding to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), tapasin dependence of assembly, and the efficiency and specificity of peptide binding. Here, we investigated assembly and peptide-binding differences between HLA-B*3501(S116) and HLA-B*3503(F116), two alleles differing only at position 116 of the MHC class I heavy chain, that are associated respectively with normal or rapid AIDS progression. A reduced intracellular mat...
Source: Immunogenetics - October 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Genome-wide association analysis of canine atopic dermatitis and identification of disease related SNPsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In humans, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been shown to be an effective and thorough approach for identifying polymorphisms associated with disease phenotypes. Here, we describe the first study to perform a genome-wide association study in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) using the Illumina Canine SNP20 array, containing 22,362 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The aim of the study was to identify SNPs associated with cAD using affected and unaffected Golden Retrievers. Further validation studies were performed for potentially associated SNPs using Sequenom genotyping of larger numb...
Source: Immunogenetics - October 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

NK gene complex and chromosome 19 loci enhance MHC resistance to murine cytomegalovirus infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract An H-2k MHC locus is critical for murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) resistance in MA/My mice and virus control is abolished if H-2k is replaced with H-2b MHC genes from MCMV-susceptible C57L mice. Yet, H-2k resistance varies with genetic background; thus, modifiers of virus resistance must exist. To identify non-MHC resistance loci, spleen and liver MCMV levels and genome-wide genotypes were assessed in (C57L × MA/My) and (MA/My × C57L) F2 offspring (representing 550 meioses). Significantly, a non-Mendelian frequency of MHC genotypes was observed for offspring of the latter cross. Quantitative trait loc...
Source: Immunogenetics - October 10, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Susceptibility to Crohn’s disease is mediated by KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3 heterozygosity and the HLA-C ligandEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the KIR loci and the genes encoding their HLA ligands and genetic susceptibility to Crohn’s disease (CD). Analyses of the interactions between KIR3DL1, KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, and KIR2DL3 with their respective HLA ligands indicate that there is a protective effect for KIR2DL2 in the absence of its HLA ligand C1. Given that KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 segregate as alleles, we compared their genotypic distributions to expectations under Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with regard to the HLA ligand C1 status. While all the genotypic distributions co...
Source: Immunogenetics - September 29, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Identification of novel MHC class I sequences in pig-tailed macaques by amplicon pyrosequencing and full-length cDNA cloning and sequencingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) provide important animal models in biomedical research, but utility of this species for HIV and other disease pathogenesis research is limited by incomplete knowledge of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genetics. Here, we describe comprehensive MHC class I genotyping of 24 pig-tailed macaques, using pyrosequencing to evaluate a 367- bp complementary DNA (cDNA)-PCR amplicon spanning the highly polymorphic peptide-binding region of MHC class I transcripts. We detected 29 previously described Mane transcripts, 90 novel class I sequences, and eight...
Source: Immunogenetics - September 24, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

TCRJ and BCRJ gene segments contain 5′ D-segment sequences that contribute to repertoire diversityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptors (BCR) junctions, also known as the CDR3, are where the V, D, and J gene segments converge, coding for a loop structure important for contacting ligands. J segments contribute to the formation of the CDR3 loop through their 5′ ends that vary in length and show high sequence variability. The 5′ ends of J segments of TCRα genes show nucleotide sequence similarities to TCRDδ segments as high as 89% and show a preponderance of murine TCRDδ2 or human TCRDδ3 amino acid sequence similarities. Surprisingly, most of the 5′ ends of TCRJγ segments show nucle...
Source: Immunogenetics - September 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Mortality in adult intensive care patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndromes is strongly associated with the hypo-immune TNF −238A polymorphismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is associated with activation of innate immunity. We studied the association between mortality and measures of disease severity in the intensive care unit (ICU) and functional polymorphisms in genes coding for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA). Two hundred thirty-three patients with severe SIRS were recruited from one general adult ICU in a tertiary centre in the UK. DNA from patients underwent genotyping by 5′ nuclease assay. Genotype was compared to...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 28, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Distinct genetic control of parasite elimination, dissemination, and disease after Leishmania major infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Elimination of pathogens is the basis of host resistance to infections; however, relationship between persisting pathogens and disease has not been clarified. Leishmania major infection in mice is an important model of host–pathogen relationship. Infected BALB/c mice exhibit high parasite numbers in lymph nodes and spleens, and a chronic disease with skin lesions, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly, increased serum IgE levels and cytokine imbalance. Although numerous gene loci affecting these disease symptoms have been reported, genes controlling parasites’ elimination or dissemination have never be...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 24, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Temporal evolution of the ABO allele frequencies in the Canary Islands: the impact of the European colonizationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The indigenous Canary Islands population suffered a strong cultural and genetic impact when they were colonized by Europeans in the fifteenth century. The molecular analysis of the ABO blood group gene on aboriginal and seventeenth to eighteenth century remains confirms the demographic history of the islands depicted by previous archaeological, anthropological, and genetic studies. ABO allele frequencies clearly related Canarian aborigines with North African Berber populations, its most probable source of origin, and is far related to Iberian and to the current population of the archipelago. The his...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 19, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Polymorphisms of NKG2D ligands: diverse RAET1/ULBP genes in Northeastern ThaisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Unique long 16 (UL-16)-binding proteins (ULBP) or retinoic acid early transcripts-1 (RAET1) are ligands to the activating receptor, NKG2D. The human RAET1/ULBP gene family is identified as ten members (RAET1E to N) with six loci encoding for potentially functional proteins. These are ULBP1 or RAET1I, ULBP2 or RAET1H, ULBP3 or RAET1N, and RAET1L, which are glycosylinositol phospholipid (GPI)-linked glycoproteins and ULBP4 or RAET1E and ULBP5 or RAET1G, which are transmembrane glycoproteins. The RAET1 products contain the α1 and α2 domains but lack the α3 domain and do not associate with β2-microg...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 17, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

FcεRIα gene –18483A>C polymorphism affects transcriptional activity through YY1 bindingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Three frequent genetic polymorphisms in the human high-affinity IgE receptor α-subunit (FcεRIα) were shown to be associated with allergic disorders and/or total serum IgE levels in allergic patients. Two of these were previously demonstrated to affect FcεRIα expression while the third –18483A>C (rs2494262) has not yet been subjected to functional studies. We hypothesized that the –18483A>C variant affects transcriptional activity of the FcεRIα distal promoter in monocytes in which FcεRIα transcription is driven through that regulatory region. Indeed, we confirmed preferential bind...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 14, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

MHC class I A loci polymorphism and diversity in three Southeast Asian populations of cynomolgus macaqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis, Mafa) have emerged as important animal models for biomedical research, necessitating a more extensive characterization of their major histocompatibility complex polymorphic regions. The current information on the polymorphism or diversity of the polygenetic Mafa class I A loci is limited in comparison to the more commonly studied rhesus macaque Mafa class I A loci. Therefore, in this paper, to better elucidate the degree and types of polymorphisms and genetic differences of Mafa-A1 among three native Southeast Asian populations (Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Fili...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 31, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

MHC class II polymorphism is associated with a canine SLE-related disease complexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers are predisposed to a SLE-related disease complex including immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis–arteritis (SRMA). IMRD involves symptoms that resemble those seen in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE, or SLE-related diseases, in humans. This disease complex involves persistent lameness, stiffness, mainly after resting, and palpable pain from several joints of extremities. The majority of affected dogs display antinuclear autoantibody (ANA)-reactivity. SRMA is manifested in young...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 27, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

sTRAIL levels and TRAIL gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with fatty liver diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides a means to test for susceptibility to FLD and may assist in the diagnosis of FLD. In addition, we found that 1525G/A and 1595C/T sites were in complete linkage disequilibrium in Chinese population. This might indicate a haplotype with high genetic frequency of TRAIL. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00251-009-0389-4Authors Xiaohua Yan, Shandong University School of Medicine Department of Immunology 44# Wenhua Xi Road Jinan 250012 People’s Republic of ChinaLiyun Xu, Shandong University School of Medicine Department of Immunology 44# Wenhua Xi Road Jinan 250012 Peop...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 25, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

On the genomics of immunoglobulins in the gray, short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domesticaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Annotated maps of the IGH, IGK, and IGL loci in the gray, short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica were generated from analyses of the available whole genome sequence for this species. Analyses of their content and organization confirmed a number of previous conclusions based on characterization of complementary DNAs encoding opossum immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and limited genomic analysis, including (a) the predominance of a single immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) subgroup and clan, (b) the presence of a single immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass, (c) the apparent absence of ...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 18, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Identification of natural killer cell receptor clusters in the platypus genome reveals an expansion of C-type lectin genesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Natural killer (NK) cell receptors belong to two unrelated, but functionally analogous gene families: the immunoglobulin superfamily, situated in the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) and the C-type lectin superfamily, located in the natural killer complex (NKC). Here, we describe the largest NK receptor gene expansion seen to date. We identified 213 putative C-type lectin NK receptor homologs in the genome of the platypus. Many have arisen as the result of a lineage-specific expansion. Orthologs of OLR1, CD69, KLRE, CLEC12B, and CLEC16p genes were also identified. The NKC is split into at least two ...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 14, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Characterization and ligand specificity of sheep IgG2 receptorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we describe the presence and characterization of this novel class of FcγR in sheep. The comparative analysis of this novel FcγR has allowed us to begin an exploration of some immunological characteristic of ruminants. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Brief CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00251-009-0382-yAuthors Songlin Qiao, Henan Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Zhengzhou 450002 ChinaYanyan Yang, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology Zhenzhou 450002 ChinaYunc...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 9, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

A clonotype nomenclature for T cell receptorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract T cell receptor (TCR) nucleotide sequences are often generated during analyses of T cell responses to pathogens or autoantigens. The most important region of the TCR is the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) whose nucleotide sequence is unique to each T cell clone. The CDR3 interacts with the peptide and thus is important for recognizing pathogen or autoantigen epitopes. While conventions exist for identifying the various TCR chains, there is a lack of a concise nomenclature that would identify both the amino acid translation and nucleotide sequence of the CDR3. This deficiency makes th...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

The bovine T cell receptor alpha/delta locus contains over 400 V genes and encodes V genes without CDR2Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract αβ T cells and γδ T cells perform nonoverlapping immune functions. In mammalian species with a high percentage of very diverse γδ T cells, like ruminants and pigs, it is often assumed that αβ T cells are less diverse than γδ T cells. Based on the bovine genome, we have created a map of the bovine TRA/TRD locus and show that, in cattle, in addition to the anticipated >100 TRDV genes, there are also >300 TRAV or TRAV/DV genes. Among the V genes in the TRA/TRD locus, there are several genes that lack a CDR2 and are functionally rearranged and transcribed and, in some cases, have an exte...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Characterization of equine and other vertebrate TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Toll-like receptors 3, 7, and 8 (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8) were studied in the genomes of the domestic horse and several other mammals. The messenger RNA sequences and exon/intron structures of these TLR genes were determined. An equine bacterial artificial chromosome clone containing the TLR3 gene was assigned by fluorescent in situ hybridization to the horse chromosomal location ECA27q16–q17 and this map location was confirmed using an equine radiation hybrid panel. Direct sequencing revealed 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding regions of the equine TLR 3, 7, and 8 genes. Of these polym...
Source: Immunogenetics - July 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Polymorphism and selection in the major histocompatibility complex DRA and DQA genes in the family EquidaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The major histocompatibility complex genes coding for antigen binding and presenting molecules are the most polymorphic genes in the vertebrate genome. We studied the DRA and DQA gene polymorphism of the family Equidae. In addition to 11 previously reported DRA and 24 DQA alleles, six new DRA sequences and 13 new DQA alleles were identified in the genus Equus. Phylogenetic analysis of both DRA and DQA sequences provided evidence for trans-species polymorphism in the family Equidae. The phylogenetic trees differed from species relationships defined by standard taxonomy of Equidae and from trees based o...
Source: Immunogenetics - June 26, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

KIR gene content diversity in four Iranian populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, each Iranian population exhibits distinct KIR gene content diversity, and the Indo-European KIR genetic signatures of the Iranians concur with geographic proximity, linguistic affinity, and human migrations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00251-009-0378-7Authors Elham Ashouri, University of California at Los Angeles UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 1000 Veteran Avenue, Room # 1-536 Box 951652 Los Angeles CA 90095-1652 USAShirin Farjadian, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Department ...
Source: Immunogenetics - June 12, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Evidence for balancing selection acting on KIR2DL4 genotypes in rhesus macaques of Indian originEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The interaction of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their respective major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands can alter the activation state of the natural killer (NK) cell. In both humans and rhesus macaques, particular types of non-classical MHC class I molecules are predominantly expressed on the trophoblast. In humans, human leukocyte antigen G has been demonstrated to act as a ligand for KIR2DL4, present on all NK cells, whereas Mamu-AG may execute a similar function in rhesus macaques. During primate evolution, orthologues of KIR2DL4 appear to have been highly conserve...
Source: Immunogenetics - June 9, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

A regulatory polymorphism in interferon-γ receptor 1 promoter is associated with the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we comprehensively investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFNGR1 gene and correlated their occurrence to susceptibility to HBV infection in a Chinese population. A total of 983 participants, including 361 chronic hepatitis B patients, 256 individuals who had spontaneously recovered from HBV infection, and 366 healthy control subjects, were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify seven SNPs (–611A/G, –56C/T, 40G/A, 95C/T, 130A/G, 20685A/G, 21227T/C) in IFNGR1 gene. We found that –56C and –56T allele were as...
Source: Immunogenetics - June 2, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Characterization of cynomolgus and vervet monkey placental MHC class I expression: diversity of the nonhuman primate AG locusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to define the placental expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in the cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and vervet (African green) (Chlorocebus aethiops) monkeys. Early pregnancy (d36-42) cynomolgus and vervet placentas were obtained by fetectomy and prepared for histological evaluation. A pan-MHC class I monoclonal antibody demonstrated MHC class I expression in both vervet and cynomolgus placental trophoblasts, with particularly high expression in the villous syncytium, as previously shown in the rhesus and baboon. Placental cytotrophoblasts were isolated...
Source: Immunogenetics - May 26, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Extremely high MHC class I variation in a population of a long-distance migrant, the Scarlet Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although the number of studies focusing on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in non-model vertebrates is increasing, results are often contradictory, and the structure of MHC is still poorly understood in wild species. Here, we describe the structure and diversity of exon 3 of MHC class I in a passerine bird, the Scarlet Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus). Using capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism, we identified 82 different MHC class I variants in one Rosefinch population nesting at one site in the Czech Republic. Thus far, this is the highest intra-populational...
Source: Immunogenetics - May 19, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Patterns of variation of the major histocompatibility complex class IIB loci in Chinese goose (Anser Cygnoides)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In order to understand the variations of genomic organization of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and provide data for the studies on disease resistance of avian species, the MHC class II polymorphism in Chinese Z-goose was investigated for the first time in the present study. Eight alleles, which probably came from different loci, were found in six different geese with only one obvious band in the restriction fragment length polymorphism data. The numbers of nonsynonymous substitutions (dN) in peptide binding region of exon 2 were higher than that of synonymous substitutions (dS), and no ...
Source: Immunogenetics - May 5, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Origin and evolution of the vertebrate leukocyte receptors: the lesson from tunicatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Two selected receptor genes of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), one CTX/JAM family member, and one poliovirus receptor-like nectin that have features of adhesion molecules can be expressed by Ciona hemocytes, the effectors of immunity. They can also be expressed in the nervous system (CTX/JAM) and in the ovary (nectin). The genes encoding these receptors are located among one set of genes, spread over Ciona chromosomes 4 and 10, and containing other IgSF members homologous to those encoded by genes present in a tetrad of human (1, 3 + X, 11, 21 + 19q) or bird chromosomes (1, 4, 24, 31) ...
Source: Immunogenetics - April 30, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Comparative genomic analysis of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in the teleost genus OryziasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region of teleosts harbors a tight cluster of the class IA genes and several other genes directly involved in class I antigen presentation. Moreover, the dichotomous haplotypic lineages (termed d- and N- lineages) of the proteasome subunit beta genes, PSMB8 and PSMB10, are present in this region of the medaka, Oryzias latipes. To understand the evolution of the Oryzias MHC class I region at the nucleotide sequence level, we analyzed bacterial artificial chromosome clones covering the MHC class I region containing the d- lineage of Oryzias luzonensis a...
Source: Immunogenetics - April 7, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

An informative set of SSLP markers and genomic profiles in the rat MHC, the RT1 complexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00251-009-0370-2Authors Yumie Takagi, Kyoto University Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Yoshidakonoe-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 JapanTakashi Kuramoto, Kyoto University Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Yoshidakonoe-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 JapanBirger Voigt, Kyoto University Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Yoshidakonoe-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 JapanToshiko Tsurumi, Kyoto University Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Yoshidakonoe-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto ...
Source: Immunogenetics - April 2, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Comparative genomics indicates the mammalian CD33rSiglec locus evolved by an ancient large-scale inverse duplication and suggests all Siglecs share a common ancestral regionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The CD33-related sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins (CD33rSiglecs) are predominantly inhibitory receptors expressed on leukocytes. They are distinguishable from conserved Siglecs, such as Sialoadhesin and MAG, by their rapid evolution. A comparison of the CD33rSiglec gene cluster in different mammalian species showed that it can be divided into subclusters, A and B. The two subclusters, inverted in relation to each other, each encode a set of CD33rSiglec genes arranged head-to-tail. Two regions of strong correspondence provided evidence for a large-scale inverse duplication, encompassing the framew...
Source: Immunogenetics - April 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Mhc haplotype H6 is associated with sustained control of SIVmac251 infection in Mauritian cynomolgus macaquesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The restricted diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques provides powerful opportunities for insight into host-viral interactions and cellular immune responses that restrict lentiviral infections. However, little is known about the effects of Mhc haplotypes on control of SIV in this species. Using microsatellite-based genotyping and allele-specific PCR, Mhc haplotypes were deduced for 35 macaques infected with the same stock of SIVmac251. Class I haplotype H6 was associated with a reduction in chronic phase viraemia (p = 0.0145) while a similar asso...
Source: Immunogenetics - April 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Identification of Igσ and Igλ in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and Igλ in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhuaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Immunoglobulin light (IGL) chain genes encoding σ and λ from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and λ from Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, were identified by mining of expressed sequence tag databases, 5′-RACE and RT-PCR protocols. cDNAs for each of these IGL chains encode typical variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C) regions and Southern blot analyses and genomic sequencing show that genes encoding these isotypes, like other teleost IGL genes, are found in a cluster organization of one or two V gene segments, followed by single J and C gene segments, all in the same transcriptional orienta...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 31, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Identification of Igσ and Igλ in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , and Igλ in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhuaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Immunoglobulin light (IGL) chain genes encoding σ and λ from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and λ from Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, were identified by mining of expressed sequence tag databases, 5′-RACE and RT-PCR protocols. cDNAs for each of these IGL chains encode typical variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C) regions and Southern blot analyses and genomic sequencing show that genes encoding these isotypes, like other teleost IGL genes, are found in a cluster organization of one or two V gene segments, followed by single J and C gene segments, all in the same transcriptional orienta...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 31, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Regulator of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster in Xenopus tropicalisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Genome and expressed sequence tag information of Xenopus tropicalis suggested that short-consensus repeat (SCR)-containing proteins are encoded by three genes that are mapped within a 300-kb downstream of PFKFB2, which is a marker gene for the regulator of complement activation (RCA) loci in human and chicken. Based on this observation, we cloned the three cDNAs of these proteins using 3′- or 5′-RACE technique. Since their primary structures and locations of the proximity to the PFKFB2 locus, we named them amphibian RCA protein (ARC) 1, 2, and 3. Expression in human HEK293 or CHO cells suggested ...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 25, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Trans-species polymorphism of the Mhc class II DRB-like gene in banded penguins (genus Spheniscus)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we developed a new set of PCR primers to amplify, clone, and sequence overlapping portions of the Mhc class II DRB-like gene from the 5′UTR end to intron 3, including exons 1, 2, and 3 and introns 1 and 2 in four species (20 Humboldt, six African, five Magellanic, and three Galapagos penguins) of penguin from the genus Spheniscus (Sphe). Analysis of gene sequence variation by the neighbor-joining method of 21 Sphe sequences and 20 previously published sequences from four other penguin species revealed overlapping clades within the Sphe species, but species-specific clades for the other penguin species. T...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 25, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Trans-species polymorphism of the Mhc class II DRB -like gene in banded penguins (genus Spheniscus )Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we developed a new set of PCR primers to amplify, clone, and sequence overlapping portions of the Mhc class II DRB-like gene from the 5′UTR end to intron 3, including exons 1, 2, and 3 and introns 1 and 2 in four species (20 Humboldt, six African, five Magellanic, and three Galapagos penguins) of penguin from the genus Spheniscus (Sphe). Analysis of gene sequence variation by the neighbor-joining method of 21 Sphe sequences and 20 previously published sequences from four other penguin species revealed overlapping clades within the Sphe species, but species-specific clades for the other penguin species. T...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 25, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Contrasting evolution of diversity at two disease-associated chicken genesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00251-009-0367-xAuthors Tim Downing, University of Dublin Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin IrelandDavid J. Lynn, Simon Fraser University Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6Sarah Connell, University of Dublin Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin IrelandAndrew T. Lloyd, University of Dublin School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin IrelandA. K. Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh BangladeshPradeepa Silv...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 20, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

HLA-A allele associations with viral MER9-LTR nucleotide sequences at two distinct loci within the MHC alpha blockEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The study of the association of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and polymorphic retrotransposons such as Alu, HERV, and LTR at various loci within the Major Histocompatibility Complex allows for a better identification and stratification of disease associations and the origins of HLA haplotypes in different populations. This paper provides sequence and association data on two structurally polymorphic MER9-LTR retrotransposons that are located 54 kb apart and in close proximity to the multiallelic HLA-A gene involved in the regulation of the human immune system. Direct DNA sequencing and a...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 18, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Identification of an additional two-cysteine containing type I interferon in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss provides evidence of a major gene duplication event within this gene family in teleostsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Multiple type I interferons (IFNs) have recently been identified in salmonids, containing two or four conserved cysteines. In this work, a novel two-cysteine containing (2C) IFN gene was identified in rainbow trout. This novel trout IFN gene (termed IFN5) formed a phylogenetic group that is distinct from the other three salmonid IFN groups sequenced to date and had a close evolutionary relationship with IFNs from advanced fish species. Our data demonstrate that two subgroups are apparent within each of the 2C and 4C type I IFNs, an evolutionary outcome possibly due to two rounds of genome duplicatio...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 14, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

MHC class II variation in the endangered European mink Mustela lutreola (L. 1761)—consequences for species conservationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we amplified a partial sequence of the MHC class II DRB exon 2 (229 bp), assessed the degree of genetic variation and compared the variability with those of other Mustelidae. As a result, nine alleles were detected in 20 investigated individuals, which differ from each other by four to 25 nucleotide substitutions (two to 11 amino acid substitutions). Whilst an equal ratio for synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions was found inside the ABS, synonymous substitutions were significantly higher than non-synonymous substitutions in the non-ABS region. Results might indicate that no positive selection...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 5, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals

Cost-effective HLA typing with tagging SNPs predicts celiac disease risk haplotypes in the Finnish, Hungarian, and Italian populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, located on chromosome 6p21.3, have a crucial role in susceptibility to various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. Certain HLA heterodimers, namely DQ2 (encoded by the DQA1*05 and DQB1*02 alleles) and DQ8 (DQA1*03 and DQB1*0302), are necessary for the development of celiac disease. Traditional genotyping of HLA genes is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. A novel HLA-genotyping method, using six HLA-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and suitable for high-throughput approaches, was described recently...
Source: Immunogenetics - March 3, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Immunogenetics Source Type: journals