Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North AmericaThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

Rhinosinusitis and the Lower AirwaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the interaction between common cold, acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, and lower airway biology. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Peter W. Hellings, Greet Hens Source Type: journals

When Surgery, Antibiotics, and Steroids Fail to Resolve Chronic RhinosinusitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article examines the modalities in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A correct diagnosis is the first requirement in the successful management of CRS. CRS-directed therapy might fail if the actual cause of symptoms is nonsinogenic. Nasal endoscopy and sinus computed tomography are the primary modalities used in the diagnosis of sinusitis. Allergy and gastroesophageal reflux, may not directly cause sinusitis, but they frequently mimic the symptoms of sinusitis. Therapy can include avoidance of allergens and desensitization in the former and antireflux therapy in the latter. Underlying systemic causes of re...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Berrylin J. Ferguson, Bradley A. Otto, Harshita Pant Source Type: journals

Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children: What are the Treatment Options?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article attempts to delineate treatment options that are both safe and effective for pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Arthur W. Wu, Nina L. Shapiro, Neil Bhattacharyya Source Type: journals

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Macrolides: Applications in Chronic RhinosinusitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the current concepts of macrolides and their application in the management of CRS. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Richard J. Harvey, Ben D. Wallwork, Valerie J. Lund Source Type: journals

Fungus: A Role in Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Disease Modifier, A Treatment Target, or No Role at All?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on the potential role of fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Five forms of fungal disease affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses have been recognized: (1) acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (including rhinocerebral mucormycosis), (2) chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, (3) granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, (4) fungal ball (mycetoma), and (5) noninvasive (allergic) fungal rhinosinusitis. There are several potential deficits in the innate and potentially also acquired immunity of CRS patients that might reduce or change their ability to react to fungi. There are not many arguments ...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wytske J. Fokkens, Fenna Ebbens, Cornelis M. van Drunen Source Type: journals

Aspirin Intolerance: Does Desensitization Alter the Course of the Disease?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was first described in 1922. The clinical picture reveals a classic triad of symptoms: aspirin-induced bronchial asthma, aspirin sensitivity, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. In many cases, nasal polyps reveal as the first symptom of ASA sensitivity, indicating that the upper airways are predominantly involved in the pathogenetic process. The emphasis of this article is on the upper airways of ASA-intolerant patients. Imbalance of the eicosanoids leukotrienes and prostaglandins might be the pathophysiologic key to the disease...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: L. Klimek, O. Pfaar Source Type: journals

Corticosteroid Treatment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: The Possibilities and the LimitsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chronic rhinosinusitis, including nasal polyps, is an inflammatory disease of the nose and sinuses. The medical treatment, mainly topical intranasal and oral corticosteroids, constitutes its first line of therapy. Long-term treatment with corticosteroid nasal spray reduces inflammation and nasal polyp size, and improves nasal symptoms such as nasal blockage, rhinorrea, and the loss of smell. Corticosteroid intranasal drops may be used when intranasal spray fails to demonstrate efficacy. Short courses of oral steroids are recommended in severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or when a rapid symptomatic improvement ...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Joaquim Mullol, Andrés Obando, Laura Pujols, Isam Alobid Source Type: journals

Are Biofilms the Answer in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a complex heterogeneous disease. Infection in the form of biofilm may have an important, if not central, role in the maintenance of the recalcitrant inflammation for this increasingly common chronic disease. Therefore, the importance of understanding the interaction of biofilm disease with the respiratory mucosa is imperative. Novel, minimally invasive methods of testing for the presence of this form of disease will need to become clinically accessible in order for equally innovative therapies to be widely applicable. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shaun J. Kilty, Martin Y. Desrosiers Source Type: journals

Epithelium, Cilia, and Mucus: Their Importance in Chronic RhinosinusitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common disease resulting from inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. It has long been recognized that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis have impaired capacity to clear sinonasal secretions. However, the cause of this pathologic process is not well understood. In this article the components of mucociliary clearance, including cilia, mucus production, and cilia beat frequency, are reviewed and alterations of the system discussed regarding contribution to the disease process. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marcelo B. Antunes, David A. Gudis, Noam A. Cohen Source Type: journals

Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal PolyposisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article summarizes current understanding, and discusses opportunities and potential pitfalls of inflammation-related research. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cornelis M. van Drunen, Susanne Reinartz, Jochem Wigman, Wytske J. Fokkens Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rhinosinusitis is a significant and increasing health problem that results in a large financial burden on society. Rhinitis and sinusitis usually coexist and are concurrent in most individuals; thus, the correct terminology is now rhinosinusitis. Rhinosinusitis (including nasal polyps) is defined as inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses characterized by nasal blockage, nasal discharge (anterior/posterior nasal drip), facial pain/pressure, or reduction or loss of smell, and endoscopic signs of polyps or mucopurulent discharge primarily from middle meatus, edema/mucosal obstruction primarily in middle meatus, or...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wytske J. Fokkens Source Type: journals

Foreword: Chronic SinusitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Most medical textbooks do not have a chapter on chronic sinusitis. Yet this is a debilitating disease for many patients. It is one of the most poorly researched human illnesses. As a result, understanding of this illness is superficial, and the management approach is inadequate and not satisfactory to many patients. There are many issues that are unresolved. Chronic sinusitis is certainly a heterogeneous disease but how many different subtypes are there? What is the role of allergy? Why do so many patients have a negative skin test yet manifest TH2 inflammation that is rich in eosinophils? What is the role of eocosanoids i...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rafeul Alam Source Type: journals

Forthcoming IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - October 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

Rapid Desensitization for Hypersensitivity Reactions to MedicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drug desensitization is the induction of temporary clinical unresponsiveness to drug antigens to which patients have presented severe hypersensitivity reactions. It is typically achieved by gradual reintroduction of small doses of drug antigens at fixed time intervals, and it is aimed at providing increased safety and protection from side effects, including anaphylaxis. Delivery of full therapeutic doses is achieved during desensitization, allowing patients to receive firstline chemotherapy, antibiotics, or monoclonal antibodies, as well as other drugs such as insulin, aspirin, and iron. Desensitizations are high-risk inte...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mariana Castells Source Type: journals

Provocation Tests in Drug HypersensitivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Provocation tests are regarded as the “gold standard” to establish or exclude the presence of hypersensitivity to a certain drugs because they reproduce not only allergy symptoms but other adverse manifestations, irrespective of their pathomechanism. Provocation testing is potentially harmful and should be considered only after balancing the risk-benefit ratio in the individual patient. The reasons for false-positive and false-negative results are numerous, including loss of sensitization, cofactors not being included in the diagnostic procedure, and the potential induction of tolerance during provocation. When conduct...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Werner Aberer, Birger Kränke Source Type: journals

The Basophil Activation Test in Immediate-Type Drug AllergyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article summarizes the authors' current experience with the BAT in the diagnostic management of immediate-type drug allergy mediated by drug-specific IgE antibodies. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Oliver V. Hausmann, Thomas Gentinetta, Chris H. Bridts, Didier G. Ebo Source Type: journals

In Vitro Tests in Drug Hypersensitivity DiagnosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The diagnosis of a drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) is a challenging task because multiple and complex mechanisms are involved. Better understanding of immunologic pathomechanisms in DHRs and rapid progress in cellular-based in-vitro tests can help to adjust the correct diagnostic strategy to individual patients with different clinical manifestations of drug allergy. Thus, drug hypersensitivity diagnosis needs to rely on a combination of medical history and different in vivo and in vitro tests. In this article, the authors discuss current in vitro techniques, most recent findings, and new promising tools in the diagnos...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Priska Lochmatter, Anna Zawodniak, Werner J. Pichler Source Type: journals

Skin Testing in Delayed Reactions to DrugsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses details of the use of patch tests as they apply to patients with various drug reactions. Drug skin tests are useful to study cross-reactivity between suspected drugs. False positive results can occur. The negative predictive value of drug skin tests is approximately 90%. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Annick Barbaud Source Type: journals

Skin Testing for IgE-Mediated Drug AllergyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Skin tests with drugs help determine the cause and mechanism of drug hypersensitivity reactions. The diagnosis of adverse drug reactions is based primarily on history and clinical presentation. In type I, IgE-mediated allergic drug reactions, skin prick test and intradermal testing may provide rapid and supportive evidence for diagnosis or exclusion of IgE-mediated reactions. These tests often are more sensitive than laboratory assays for IgE antibodies to drug allergens, which are available only for a few drugs. Because intradermal skin tests occasionally induce adverse events, they should be performed by experienced pers...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Birger Kränke, Werner Aberer Source Type: journals

The Variable Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome/Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms in Relation to the Eliciting DrugEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a life-threatening adverse reaction characterized by skin rashes, fever, leukocytosis with eosinophilia or atypical lymphocytosis, lymph node enlargement, and liver or renal dysfunction. The syndrome develops 2 to 6 weeks after initiation of administration of a specific drug. It has been demonstrated that various herpesvirus reactivations, in addition to human herpesvirus 6, contribute to internal organ involvement and the relapse of symptoms observed long after discontinuation of the causative drugs. A better underst...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yoko Kano, Tetsuo Shiohara Source Type: journals

Heparin Allergy: Delayed-Type Non–IgE-Mediated Allergic Hypersensitivity to Subcutaneous Heparin InjectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Itching erythematous or eczematous plaques around injection sites are quite frequent side effects of heparin treatment and clinical symptoms of delayed-type non–IgE-mediated allergic hypersensitivity (DTH) to heparin. For diagnosis, intradermal, patch, and subcutaneous challenge tests with heparins are suitable. In most cases, changing the subcutaneous therapy from unfractionated to low molecular weight heparin or treatment with heparinoids does not provide improvement because of extensive cross-reactivity. Hirudin polypeptides, which exhibit a different chemical structure, are a safe therapeutic alternative for subcutan...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Axel Trautmann, Cornelia S. Seitz Source Type: journals

Immediate and Delayed Reactions to Radiocontrast Media: Is There an Allergic Mechanism?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Radiocontrast media can cause immediate (1 hour) and nonimmediate (>1 hour) hypersensitivity reactions that remain unpredictable and a cause of concern for radiologists and cardiologists. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions resemble anaphylaxis, whereas nonimmediate ones clinically are predominated by exanthemas. Increasing evidence indicates that immediate reactions and nonimmediate skin exanthemas may be allergic reactions involving either contrast media–reactive IgE or T cells, respectively. Skin testing is a useful tool for the diagnosis of contrast media allergy. It may have an important role in the selection of a ...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Knut Brockow Source Type: journals

Perioperative AnaphylaxisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The incidence of immune-mediated anaphylaxis during anesthesia ranges from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 20,000. Neuromuscular blocking agents represent the most frequently involved substances, followed by latex and antibiotics, but every drug or substance used may be involved. Diagnosis relies on tryptase measurements at the time of the reaction and skin tests and specific IgE or basophil activation assays. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: P.M. Mertes, M. Lambert, R.M. Guéant-Rodriguez, I. Aimone-Gastin, C. Mouton-Faivre, D.A. Moneret-Vautrin, J.L. Guéant, J.M. Malinovsky, P. Demoly Source Type: journals

The Pholcodine StoryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anaphylactic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia constitute a major cause of concern and a great source of debate among anesthesiologists. The authors' recent investigations, taking the striking differences of incidence between Norway and Sweden as the point of departure, have provided valuable insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms and the highly uneven geographical distribution of these rare, but dramatic and notoriously unpredictable, events. Eventually, a cough syrup containing pholcodine emerged as the most likely suspect. This new knowledge led to the withdrawal of the drug from th...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: E. Florvaag, S.G.O. Johansson Source Type: journals

Approach to the Patient with Drug AllergyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drug allergies are adverse drug reactions mediated by the specific immune system. Despite characteristic signs (eg, skin rash) that raise awareness for possible drug allergies, they are great imitators of disease and may hide behind unexpected symptoms. No single standardized diagnostic test can confirm the immune-mediated mechanism or identify the causative drug; therefore, immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions and their causative drugs must be recognized by the constellation of exposure, timing, and clinical features including the pattern of organ manifestation. Additional allergologic investigations (skin test...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Benno Schnyder Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Most reviews on the topic of drug hypersensitivity start with the sentence: “Drug allergy is a difficult problem because….” Indeed, the multitude of drugs and clinical symptoms, and the variety of different mechanisms that underlie drug-induced diseases can promote a rather fatalistic attitude to drug hypersensitivity, as it seems just too complicated to address it well. Indeed, many physicians rely on history and experience alone, and do not test for drug allergy. As the tests are still not very sensitive, this approach is understandable. But will such an attitude improve this area of medicine? (Source: Immunology a...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Werner J. Pichler Source Type: journals

Foreword: Drug Allergy and Primum Non-nocereEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drug-induced allergy is the moral equivalent of the primal sin for the medical profession. Arguably, the temptation here is not pleasure but a noble goal to help a sick patient. Nonetheless, we are in conflict with our first principle of “primum non nocere” whenever our patients experience an adverse event because of our intervention. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rafeul Alam Source Type: journals

Forthcoming IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

IndexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

Exercise, Inflammation, and Innate ImmunityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents several compelling potential mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise, including reduced percentage of body fat and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue, muscle-released interleukin-6 inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-a, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jeffrey A. Woods, Victoria J. Vieira, K. Todd Keylock Source Type: journals

Psychoneuroimmunology of StrokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stroke is the major cause of disability in the Western world and is the third greatest cause of death, but there are no widely effective treatments to prevent the devastating effects of stroke. Extensive and growing evidence implicates inflammatory and immune processes in the occurrence of stroke and particularly in the subsequent injury. Several inflammatory mediators have been identified in the pathogenesis of stroke including specific cytokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and eicosanoids. An early clinical trial suggests that inhibiting interleukin-1 may be of benefit in the treatment of acute stroke...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Robert Skinner, Rachel Georgiou, Peter Thornton, Nancy Rothwell Source Type: journals

Psychoneuroimmune Implications of Type 2 Diabetes: ReduxEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses recent data detailing the impact of T2D on a person's PNI response. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jason C. O'Connor, Daniel R. Johnson, Gregory G. Freund Source Type: journals

Age and Neuroinflammation: A Lifetime of Psychoneuroimmune ConsequencesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses new evidence that aging creates a brain environment that is permissive to the occurrence of mental health complications following innate immune activation. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jonathan P. Godbout, Rodney W. Johnson Source Type: journals

Depression and Immunity: Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in Multiple SclerosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the current knowledge in the field and illustrates how the sickness behavior model may be applied to investigate depressive symptoms in inflammatory neurologic diseases. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Stefan M. Gold, Michael R. Irwin Source Type: journals

Sleep and PsychoneuroimmunologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The brain uses a variety of mechanisms to survey the immune system constantly. Responses of the immune system to invading pathogens are detected by the central nervous system, which responds by orchestrating complex changes in behavior and physiology. Sleep is one of the behaviors altered in response to immune challenge. The role of cytokines as mediators of responses to infectious challenge and regulators and modulators of sleep is the focus of this article. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mark R. Opp Source Type: journals

Social Interactions, Stress, and ImmunityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article summarizes the endocrine and immune changes induced by an experimental model for social stress characterized by repeated defeat. Data indicate that mice facing a social stressor may use different behavioral coping responses based on the environmental conditions and previous experiences. Although chronic stressors generally suppress immune function and increase a host's susceptibility to disease, this may not be always true in all cases. For example, under conditions in which individuals face the chance of being injured repeatedly, it may be an adaptive advantage to maintain or even enhance an immune response. ...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ronit Avitsur, Nicole Powell, David A. Padgett, John F. Sheridan Source Type: journals

Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis, Glucocorticoids, and Neurologic DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article highlights the state of our knowledge on mechanisms controlling activation and inhibition of glucocorticoid secretion, outlines signaling mechanisms used by these hormones in neural tissue, and describes how endogenous glucocorticoids can mediate neuronal damage in various models of neurologic disease. The article highlights the importance of controlling stress and consequent stress hormone secretion in the context of neurologic disease states. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Erica J. Doczy, Kim Seroogy, Catherine R. Harrison, James P. Herman Source Type: journals

Cytokine, Sickness Behavior, and DepressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents the current knowledge on the way this communication system is organized and regulated and the implications of these advances for understanding brain physiology and pathology. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Robert Dantzer Source Type: journals

Molecular Aspects of Fever and HyperthermiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article also summarizes an alternative hypothesis to account for a rapid induction of the early phase of lipopolysaccharide-induced fever before the release of larger amounts of cytokines into the bloodstream. Other topics discussed include malignant hypothermia, drug-induced hypothermia, and the heat stroke syndrome. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Joachim Roth, Christoph Rummel, Stephan W. Barth, Rüdiger Gerstberger, Thomas Hübschle Source Type: journals

The Blood–Brain Barrier in PsychoneuroimmunologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The term ‘‘psychoneuroimmunology’’ connotes separate compartments that interact. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is both the dividing line, physical and physiologic, between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) and the locale for interaction. The BBB restricts unregulated mixing of immune substances in the blood with those in the CNS, directly transports neuroimmune-active substances between the blood and CNS, and itself secretes neuroimmune substances. These normal functions of the BBB can be altered by neuroimmune events. As such, the BBB is an important conduit in the communication between the ...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: William A. Banks Source Type: journals

PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In August of 2006 in Neurologic Clinics of North America, I asked the question “What is psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)?” I noted that the National Library of Medicine defined PNI as “the field concerned with the interrelationship between the brain, behavior and the immune system.” To my chagrin, I discovered that the Encarta World English Dictionary by Microsoft Corporation defined PNI as “a branch of medicine concerned with how emotions affect the immune system.” This latter definition seriously misrepresented the field of PNI and colored it as some sort of pseudoscience. In addition, Wikipedia had only 337 words...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gregory G. Freund Source Type: journals

Foreword: Psychoneuroimmunology—The Essence of a Three's CompanyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cogito, ergo sum [I think, therefore I am].—Rene Descartes Recognition of self (“what I am”) is a fundamental property of biological entities. Brain activity is essential for creating an image of self. The complex process that is used by the brain to create a self-image is still poorly understood. Interestingly, a fundamental task of the immune system is to distinguish self from nonself. The principles and the molecular mechanism by which the immune system makes this distinction have been well delineated. The thymic selection of T cells with moderate affinity for self-antigens illustrates this principle, and it seem...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rafeul Alam Source Type: journals

Forthcoming IssuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: journals

Preface.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19141334 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - January 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Furuta GT, Atkins D Tags: Immunol Allergy Clin North Am Source Type: journals

Foreword what do eosinophils do in the gastrointestinal mucosa?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19141335 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - January 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alam R Tags: Immunol Allergy Clin North Am Source Type: journals