Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and herbal medicine-based therapeutic implication of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview
AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) stands as an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic joint inflammation, resulting in profound physiological alterations within the body. Affecting approximately 0.4 –1.3% of the global population, this condition poses significant challenges as current therapeutic approaches primarily offer symptomatic relief, with the prospect of complete recovery remaining elusive. This review delves into the contemporary advancements in understanding the pathophysiology, di agnosis, and the therapeutic potential of herbal medicine in managing RA. Notably, early diagnosis during the initial stages...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 25, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Myricanol attenuates sepsis-induced inflammatory responses by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling and nuclear factor kappa B/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway via upregulating Sirtuin 1
This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of myricanol in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model. In vivo studies revealed that myricanol administration significantly improved the survival rate of LPS-treated mice, effectively mitigating LPS-induced inflammatory responses in lung tissue. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that myricanol treatment inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuated signal pathway activation, and reduced oxidative stress in macrophages. In addition, we demonstrated that myricanol selectively enhances SIRT1 activation in L...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 25, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Curcumol: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, structure –activity relationships, and potential applications
AbstractCurcumol (Cur), a guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid hemiketal, is an important and representative bioactive component extracted from the essential oil of the rhizomes ofCurcumae rhizoma which is also known as “Ezhu” in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, Cur has received considerable attention from the research community due to its favorable pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-convulsant, and other activities, and has also exert ed therapeutic effect on various cancers, liver diseases, inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases. Pharmacokin...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 23, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Anastatica hierochuntica essential oil in DSS-induced colitis
AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to explore the protective impacts and mechanisms ofAnastatica hierochuntica essential oil (EOAH) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice.EOAH demonstrated a reduction in DSS-induced body weight decline, disease activity index (DAI), colon length reduction, colonic tissue damage, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The essential oil significantly mitigated the production of pro-inflammatory agents including TNF- α, IL-1β, and IL-12. Further analysis revealed that EOAH’s anti-inflammatory effects involved the regulation of NF-κB and PPARγ pathw...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 23, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Synergistic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and dexamethasone on macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions
In this study, the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) were evaluated to enhance the polarization of M1 inflammatory macrophages into the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Hence, we designed different combinations of Dex and EVs using three methods, including EVs isolated from Dex-preconditioned MSCs (Pre-Dex-EVs), EVs loaded with Dex (L-Dex-EVs), and EVs and Dex co-administration (Dex  + EVs). All designed EVs had a significant effect on reducing the expression of M1-related genes (iNOS, Stat1, and IRF5), cytokines (IL6 and TNF...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 21, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective effects of rutin against cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis in mice
AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that injures the myelin sheath, provoking progressive axonal degeneration and functional impairments. No efficient therapy is available at present to combat such insults, and hence, novel safe and effective alternatives for MS therapy are extremely required. Rutin (RUT) is a flavonoid that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in several brain injuries. The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effects of two doses of RUT in a model of pattern-III lesion of MS, in compa...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 21, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Unmet needs of drugs for irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases: interest of vagus nerve stimulation and hypnosis
AbstractThe gut and the brain communicate bidirectionally through the autonomic nervous system. The vagus nerve is a key component of this gut –brain axis, and has numerous properties such as anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-depressive effects. A perturbation of this gut–brain communication is involved in the pathogeny of functional digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Stress p lays a role in the pathogeny of these diseases, which are biopsychosocial models. There are presently unmet needs of pharmacological treatments of these chronic debilitating diseases. Tr...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 21, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The effects of cholesterol and statins on Parkinson ’s neuropathology: a narrative review
AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain characterized by motor symptoms including tremors, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia. PD neuropathology is due to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of Lewy bodies in the survival neurons. The brain contains a largest amount of cholesterol which is mainly synthesized from astrocytes and glial cells. Cholesterol is intricate in the pathogenesis of PD and may be beneficial or deleterious. Therefore, there are controversial points concerning the role of chol...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 18, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Evaluation of the relationship of treatment and vaccination with prognosis in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19
ConclusionThis study primarily investigated the effect of treatment and vaccination on the prognosis of COVID-19. This was determined to be prepared for another potential pandemic that may arise due to COVID-19. (Source: Inflammopharmacology)
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 16, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Resveratrol ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by acting on mouse gut microbiota
AbstractObjective and designUlcerative colitis (UC) is a multi-faceted, recurrent immune disorder caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The intestinal microbiota has multiple functions in the host, so UC requires long-term potent medication. The effect of resveratrol (RSV) has seldom been reported, and this study researched that. Herein, the effect of RSV and Grape seed oil that anti-inflammatory ability in experimental mice was explored, also why RSV altered Gut Microbiota has been researched.Materials and methodsIn this experiment, the effects of experimental drugs on colon length in mice with DSS-induced colitis were ...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 16, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Environmental enrichment reverses proulcerogenic action of social isolation on the gastric mucosa and positively influences pain sensitivity and work capacity
AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rat housing conditions —standard conditions, social isolation, environmental enrichment—and the subsequent reversal of these conditions on the vulnerability of the gastric mucosa to ulcerogenic stimuli, somatic pain sensitivity, and treadmill work capacity. Rats, aged 30 days, were placed in standard conditions (SC), social isolation (Is), and environmental enrichment (EE) for 4 weeks. Then half of each group underwent a reversal of housing conditions: SC rats were moved to Is, Is rats were placed in EE, EE rats were moved to Is, for 2 weeks. The other h...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 16, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Intraarticular monomethyl fumarate as a perspective therapy for osteoarthritis by macrophage polarization
ConclusionsOur studies with EOA model induced by MIA suggest a new perspective for human treatment committed with OA based on macrophage polarization as a therapeutic target, switching the proinflammatory profile M1 to the anti-inflammatory profile M2 with DMF systematic or by MMF locally treatment according to the OA severity. (Source: Inflammopharmacology)
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 13, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and α-pyrones isolated from Cantinoa stricta
This study evaluated the composition and the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extracts and two isolated compounds, anamarine (ANA) and 10-epi-olguine (eOL), obtained from the leaves ofCantinoa stricta (Lamiaceae). Crude ethanolic extract (EEt) and dichloromethane extract (DCM), selected based on NMR data, were submitted to pharmacological tests in male Swiss mice. The oral administration of EEt and DCM significantly reduced the second phase of formalin-induced nociception (60%), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia (90%), and carrageenan (Cg)-induced edema (25%). ANA and eOL, ...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 11, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anti-rheumatoid arthritis potential of Halodule pinifolia: development, characterization and in vivo evaluation of H. pinifolia-based oral suspension and lipid nano-emulsion
In this study, the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of an unexplored marine grassHalodule pinifolia (HP), and a combination of it withGlycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice; LQ), prepared as a conventional suspension (C1) and a lipid nano-emulsion (C1-N) was evaluated in Freund ’s complete adjuvant (FCA)- and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. Formulations C1 and C1-N contained standardized extract HP (100 mg/kg) as major active ingredient and liquorice LQ (50 mg/kg) as both active ingredient (anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer) and sweetening agent. Oral administr ation of HP and C1 to FCA-induced Sprague–Dawley rats sig...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 7, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Celecoxib attenuates hindlimb unloading-induced muscle atrophy via suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and ER stress by inhibiting STAT3
This study is the first to demonstrate that celecoxib can attenuate disuse muscle atrophy caused by hindlimb unloading via suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress probably, improving target muscle function and reversing the shift of muscle fiber types by inhibiting STAT3 pathways-mediated inflammatory cascade. This study not only enriches the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms, but also provides new potential therapeutic targets for disuse muscle atrophy. (Source: Inflammopharmacology)
Source: Inflammopharmacology - March 7, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research