False-negative factors of percutaneous transluminal clamp biopsy for suspected malignant biliary stricture: 194 cases analyzed from a single center
ConclusionPTCB is an effective minimally invasive interventional technique for BS diagnosis. Non-cholangiocarcinoma BS is an independent risk factor for FNV.Critical relevance statementIdentifying factors that are predictive of false-negative results by percutaneous transluminal clamp biopsy in the setting of biliary stricture may have a guiding effect on clinical practice.Key points• Factors predictive of false negatives in the diagnosis of biliary stricture etiology by PTCB may aid in the interpretation of results.• Non-cholangiocarcinoma BS is an independent risk factor for FNV on PTCB.• PTCB is an effective minim...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 12, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
O-RADS MRI scoring system: key points for correct application in inexperienced hands
ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of O-RADS MRI determined by either experienced or inexperienced radiologists is excellent, facilitating decision-making with high diagnostic accuracy and high reproducibility. Knowledge of this classification and use of assessment tools could avoid frequent errors due to misinterpretation.Critical relevance statementUp to 31% of ovarian masses are considered indeterminate by transvaginal US and 32% of solid lesions considered malignant by transvaginal US are benign. The O-RADs MRI accurately classifies these masses, even when used by inexperienced radiologists, thereby avoiding incorrec...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 12, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Predicting cytogenetic risk in multiple myeloma using conventional whole-body MRI, spinal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and spinal diffusion-weighted imaging
ConclusionsA multiparametric MRI-based model has a better performance in the noninvasive prediction of high-risk cytogenetics in newly diagnosed MM than conventional MRI alone.Critical relevance statementAn elaborate multiparametric MRI-based model performs better than conventional MRI alone for the noninvasive prediction of high-risk cytogenetics in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma; this opens opportunities to assess genetic heterogeneity thus overcoming sampling bias.Key points• Standard genetic techniques in multiple myeloma patients suffer from sampling bias due to tumoral heterogeneity.• Multiparametric MRI noninv...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 10, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Reliability, costs, and radiation dose of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in diagnosis of radiologic sarcopenia in surgically menopausal women
ConclusionsDXA has lower costs and a lower radiation dose, with low inter- and intra-observer variability, compared to CT and MRI for assessing lower limb muscle mass.Trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register; NL8068.Critical relevance statementDXA is a good alternative for CT and MRI in assessing lower limb muscle mass, with lower costs and lower radiation dose, while inter-observer and intra-observer variability are low.Key points• Screening for sarcopenia should be optimized as the population ages.• DXA outperformed CT and MRI in the measured metrics.• DXA validity should be further evaluated as an alternative ...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 8, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Geospatial evaluation of radiologic access in Rwanda
ConclusionRwanda is one of the countries with the lowest radiologic access in East Africa; however, there is evidence of progress, particularly in more advanced diagnostic imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.Critical relevance statementThis study provides a 10-year update on current radiologic resources and access in Rwanda, identifying areas of progress and ongoing scarcity, serving as a guide for future direction of growth.Key points• As Rwanda works on rebuilding its health care system, this study provides an assessment of the current radiologic resources within the country.â€...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 8, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Study of the mandibular canal and its surrounding canals by multi-view cone-beam computed tomography
ConclusionThis study demonstrates the utility of CBCT imaging in examining mandibular anatomy from multiple angles, providing valuable insights into anatomical variations, and enhancing our understanding of mandibular structures. This research emphasizes the crucial role of meticulous CBCT examination in precisely identifying and understanding key anatomical structures, ultimately reducing the risk of surgical complications.Critical relevance statementBy examining cone-beam computed tomography scans from various perspectives, it is possible to determine the precise position of anatomical structures within the jaw. This all...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 8, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Impact of CT-determined low kidney volume on renal function decline: a propensity score-matched analysis
ConclusionLow kidney volume may adversely affect subsequent eGFR maintenance; hence, the use of imaging metrics may help predict eGFR decline.Critical relevance statementLow kidney volume is a significant predictor of reduced kidney function over time; thus, kidney volume measurements could aid in early identification of individuals at risk for declining kidney health.Key points• This study explores how kidney volume affects subsequent kidney function maintenance.• Low kidney volume was associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate decreases.• Low kidney volume is a prognostic indicator of estimated glomerular...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The value of machine learning based on CT radiomics in the preoperative identification of peripheral nerve invasion in colorectal cancer: a two-center study
ConclusionsCombining artificial intelligence and radiomics features is a promising approach for identifying peripheral nerve invasion in colorectal cancer. This innovative technique holds significant potential for clinical medicine, offering broader application prospects in the field.Critical relevance statementThe multi-channel ML method based on CT radiomics has a simple operation process and can be used to assist in the clinical screening of patients with CRC accompanied by PNI.Key points• Multi-channel ML in the identification of peripheral nerve invasion in CRC.• Multi-channel ML method based on CT-radiomics can d...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
AI analytics can be used as imaging biomarkers for predicting invasive upgrade of ductal carcinoma in situ
ConclusionThe AI-CAD score was an independent predictor of invasive upgrade for DCIS. Higher AI-CAD scores, especially in the highest quartile of ≥ 75%, can be used as an objective imaging biomarker to predict invasive upgrade in DCIS diagnosed with percutaneous biopsy.Critical relevance statementNoninvasive imaging features including the quantitative results of AI-CAD for mammography interpretation were independent predictors of invasive upgrade in lesions initially diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ via percutaneous biopsy and therefore may help decide the direction of surgery before treatment.Key points• Predicti...
Source: Insights into Imaging - April 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Multiparametric MRI-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for predicting the pathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma
ConclusionsOur study highlights the potential of a multiparametric MRI-based radiomic model that integrates intratumoral and peritumoral features as a tool for predicting HCC differentiation.Critical relevance statementBoth clinical and multiparametric MRI-based radiomic models, particularly the intratumoral radiomic model, are non-invasive tools for predicting HCC differentiation. Importantly, the IntraPeri fusion model exhibited remarkable predictiveness for individualized HCC differentiation.Key points• Both the intratumoral radiomics model and clinical features were useful for predicting HCC differentiation.• The P...
Source: Insights into Imaging - March 27, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Association of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease with quantitative muscle features from computed tomography angiography
ConclusionsLower extremity muscle features are associated with PAD severity and can be used for PAD prediction.Critical relevance statementQuantitative image features of lower extremity muscles are associated with the degree of lower leg arterial stenosis/occlusion and can be a beneficial supplement to the current imaging methods of vascular stenosis evaluation for the prediction of peripheral arterial disease severity.Key points• Compared with severe PAD, lower leg muscles of mild PAD showed higher CT values (39.5 vs. 44.6, p  <  0.001).• Models developed with muscle CT features had AUC = 0.89 for predicti...
Source: Insights into Imaging - March 27, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The paradox of MRI for breast cancer screening: high-risk and dense breasts —available evidence and current practice
AbstractIn the mid-1990s, the identification of BRCA1/2 genes for breast cancer susceptibility led to testing breast MRI accuracy in screening women at increased risk. From 2000 onwards, ten intraindividual comparative studies showed the marked superiority of MRI: the sensitivity ranged 25 −58% for mammography, 33−52% for ultrasound, 48−67% for mammography plus ultrasound, and 71−100% for MRI; specificity 93–100%, 91–98%, 89–98%, and 81–98%, respectively. Based on the available evidence, in 2006–2007, the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the America n Cancer Society recommended MRI scre...
Source: Insights into Imaging - March 27, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Diagnostic performance of ultrasound in the assessment of gastric contents: a meta-analysis and systematic review
ConclusionUltrasound techniques have high diagnostic accuracy in assessing the nature of gastric contents and their volume in patients. However, most of the studies were feasibility studies with small sample sizes, lacked standardization, and had high risk of bias. More studies are needed in the future to investigate the diagnostic performance of gastric ultrasound assessment techniques.Critical relevance statementUltrasonography can be used to assess gastric contents, but standardized data integration and reporting are needed to account for the diagnostic capabilities of this technology.Key points• Ultrasound is a safe ...
Source: Insights into Imaging - March 27, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Can artificial intelligence detect type 2 diabetes in women by evaluating the pectoral muscle on tomosynthesis: diagnostic study
ConclusionOur study presented a pioneering approach, applying deep learning for the detection of diabetes mellitus status in women using pectoral muscle images and was found to function with an accuracy rate of 92%.Critical relevance statementAI can differentiate pathological changes within pectoral muscle tissue by assessing radiological images and maybe a potential diagnostic tool for detecting diabetes mellitus and other diseases that affect muscle tissues.Key points• AI may have an opportunistic use as a screening exam for diabetes during digital breast tomosynthesis.• This technique allows for early and non-invasi...
Source: Insights into Imaging - March 27, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Predicting microvascular invasion in small ( ≤ 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas using radiomics-based peritumoral analysis
ConclusionThe 5-mm peritumoral arterial model had superior accuracy and sensitivity in predicting MVI. Moreover, the combined tumor and peritumoral radiomics model outperformed both the individual tumor and peritumoral radiomics models. The most effective combination was the arterial phase tumor and peritumor 5-mm margin combination. Using a fusion model that integrates tumor and peritumoral radiomics and clinical data can aid in the preoperative diagnosis of the MVI of isolated HCC  ≤ 5 cm, indicating considerable practical value.Critical relevance statementThe radiomics model including a 5-mm peritumoral expansion...
Source: Insights into Imaging - March 26, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
