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Ageing and severe physical disability: patterns of change and implications for services.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For the first time in history, numbers of people with severe physical disabilities such as spinal cord injury or polio are surviving to old age. Ageing-related changes combined with pre-existing impairments present new challenges for these individuals and for service providers. Implications for professionals include the need to foster more collaborative relationships between themselves and recipients, to emphasize services that enable independence, to coordinate new services, and to address issues of wellness, not only disability. PMID: 1838369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Crewe NM Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Computer-aided design and analysis of the sitting workplace for the disabled.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper describes a personal microcomputer model to match the need of the ambulatory disabled to the physical workplace. It is noted that back pain resulting from working from wheelchairs is the most common complaint of many who continue or return to work. The use of computer-aided design in matching the person to his/her workstation is described. PMID: 1838368 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Abdel-Moty E, Khalil TM Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Driving for handicapped people.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Physical handicaps often make it difficult to use an ordinary production car. Access can be a major problem for both driver and passenger, while the design of controls has to be matched to the functional capabilities of the individual driver. Provision of an adequate driving posture and storage for a wheelchair also have to be considered. Many of these problems can be overcome by suitable adaptations to the vehicle. Recent work in this field is reviewed to summarize the ergonomic guidelines that are available. The driving task also requires cognitive skills and adequate speeds of reaction as well as physical skills and...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Haslegrave CM Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Multidisciplinary perspectives on disability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 1838366 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Müller D Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Supported employment and compensatory strategies for enhancing vocational outcome following traumatic brain injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper describes two approaches to improving the employment prospects of those suffering from head injury. It is noted that unemployment within the first 7 years post-head injury is as high as 70% and that this contributes to the long-term difficulties faced by the head-injured and their families. A 'supportive' approach to employment involving the use of job coordinators or job coaches is described and a number of 'compensatory' strategies described. These two approaches are compatible and are derived from the individual needs of the head injured person in relation to retaining or seeking employment. PMID: 178...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Kreutzer JS, Wehman P, Morton MV, Stonnington HH Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Impact of traumatic brain damage on family dynamics and functioning: a review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this paper is to review the dynamics and functioning of families with a severely head-injured member. In order to stress the unique problems faced by persons with brain damage and their families, a comparison with spinal cord-injured individuals is presented. The review's major conclusion is that a head injury exposes the family to a complex of problems that are unique to this disability and, therefore, necessitates the delivery of special family support services focused on the family, rather than on the head-injured person. PMID: 1783579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Florian V, Katz S, Lahav V Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Potential for alterations in family process: when a family has a child with cystic fibrosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that has profound consequences on a family unit. As a genetically transmitted, chronic illness, it influences every aspect of family life, including time constraints, finances, and relationships among family members. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the cumulative effect of the nursing diagnoses related to the pathophysiology of CF on the nursing diagnosis, Potential for Alterations in Family Process, when a family has a child with cystic fibrosis. This nursing diagnosis was first recognized by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) in 1982. It is vital t...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Reed SB Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Learning disabilities in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: concerns for parents and teachers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Today more and more children are surviving childhood diseases that had been fatal in a previous generation. Medical advances and technology allow most children with cancer to enjoy long-term survival and cure. Research studies now show that there are late effects of treatment that affect growth, development, and cognitive functioning. Parents and teachers of long-term survivors of childhood cancer share concerns about deficits in cognitive functioning as it affects learning in school. Childhood cancer and the literature on cognitive late effects of treatment are discussed. Recommendations are made for early psychologic...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Peckham VC Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Coping strategies of chronically ill adolescents and their parents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to determine the coping strategies used by adolescents with chronic illnesses and compare those strategies with the strategies used by their parents. Adolescent coping strategies were measured by the Jaloweic Coping Scale, while parental perceptions of their coping strategies were assessed using the Hymovich Chronicity Impact and Coping Instruments: Parent Questionnaire (CICI:PQ). Fifteen chronically ill adolescents and their parents were administered the tools. Analysis revealed that there were significant differences between the parent coping strategies and those of the...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Keller C, Nicolls R Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Holter monitoring in the evaluation and rehabilitation of post-cerebrovascular accident patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we assessed the usefulness of 24-hour electrocardiographic Holter monitoring in the evaluation of post-CVA patients during daily activities and rehabilitation. Of the 43 post-CVA patients, 24 (55.8%) revealed pathological changes on Holter monitoring and 17 (71%) had a history of coronary artery disease prior to CVA. Holter monitoring revealed mainly ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and in three patients detected transient ischaemic episodes. Only six patients (14%) showed aggravation of arrhythmia during rehabilitation therapy, without aggravation of ST-T changes. The mean maximum heart rate during regular...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Wolf E, Stern L, Kieselstein M, Chenzbraun A, Tzivoni D Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Rehabilitation in Hansen's disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hansen's disease leads to deformities of the lower and upper extremities. Eventually, these deformities become a serious handicap and limit the functional capabilities of the afflicted. This paper defines the characteristics of individuals suffering from Hansen's disease and demonstrates that disabilities caused by Hansen's disease can be overcome by: (i) use of splints, (ii) reconstructive surgery, (iii) modification of the articles and tools of daily use, and (iv) proper job--worker matching. PMID: 1783574 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Shah A, Saluja K Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

A survey of disablement in a British population using an action-orientated measure, physical independence handicap: problems with activities of daily living and level of support.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A population survey with the aim of obtaining information to facilitate the planning of services for younger physically disabled people provided the opportunity to explore the use of physical independence handicap in this context. A Phase 1 sift questionnaire was sent to one in three (25,167) occupied households in Calderdale, a district in Yorkshire, England, with a final 87% response rate. A Phase 2 in-depth interview was carried out on a stratified random sample of those identified as disabled in Phase 1. Interviews were obtained with 570 individuals aged 16-64 years, 93% of those available. The measure of physical ...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Badley EM, Tennant A Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Impairment/function and disability/activity 3 years after cerebrovascular incident or brain trauma: a rehabilitation and occupational therapy view.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A consecutive series of 195 individuals who had had a stroke or brain trauma in 1986 responded in 1989 to a questionnaire about the consequences of the incident for occupational performance. The questionnaire contained 86 questions organized to correspond to the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH). The questions were distributed over 11 areas of occupational performance: work, leisure activities/social role, life satisfaction, sensori-motor, perceptual, intellectual, emotional function, sleep, personal care, domestic/housework/gardening, and temporal adaptation. None of t...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Söderback I, Ekholm J, Caneman G Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

The RSI syndrome in historical perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pain syndrome repetition strain injury (RSI) has been variously interpreted as a psychogenic disorder, an overuse injury of upper limb musculature, and a state of peripheral neural irritability. A review of the history of work-related upper limb disorders was undertaken to ascertain whether RSI is a new medical phenomenon or an older syndrome in a new guise. In the mid-nineteenth century these disorders were known as either craft palsies or writer's and other occupational cramps. Not withstanding clinical evidence suggesting that most were associated with peripheral neural or muscular dysfunction, a body of influen...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Quintner J Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Isometric back strength in different age groups.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Normative data on isometric back strength (IBS) are presented. The IBS of both sexes increased with chronological age, peaked at the third decade of life, and gradually declined thereafter. Males were significantly (p less than 0.001) stronger than females in all age groups, the difference ranging between 16 and 56%. A multiple regression equation was derived to predict IBS, as follows: Male IBS (kgf) = -77.71 - 0.91 age (yrs) + 0.67 height (cm) + 1.50 weight (kg) + 0.24 Quetelet index (R2 = 0.78; SE +/- 16.67 kgf) Female IBS (kgf) = -72.42 - 0.39 age (yrs) + 10.65 height (cm) + 0.08 weight (kg) + 1.04 Quetelet index (...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Balogun JA, Olawoye AG, Oladipo VA Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

An evaluation of the effectiveness of group therapy for memory problems.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Attendance at a memory group increased the use of memory aids but did not affect memory impairment. PMID: 1774219 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Jennett SM, Lincoln NB Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Driving after stroke: a controlled laboratory investigation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The importance of illness or disability for traffic safety is unknown. By means of a mock car, 46 individuals suffering from left-sided hemiparesis and 67 with right-sided hemiparesis after stroke were compared with 109 healthy controls. Only patients without complicating disorders were included in the study groups. They coped far worse than the control group in almost all respects. Reaction times were longer, not merely for the paretic but also for the contralateral extremities. Strength in the 'healthy' part of the body was also significantly reduced. Sometimes patients completely failed to react to given signals. In...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Lings S, Jensen PB Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

The Rivermead Mobility Index: a further development of the Rivermead Motor Assessment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper reports on a development of the Rivermead Motor Assessment Gross Function scale, the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), a new measure of mobility disability which concentrates on body mobility. An early development included a second scale concentrating on elective mobility, but the results showed this to be unreliable. The RMI comprises a series of 14 questions and one direct observation, and covers a range of activities from turning over in bed to running. Its inter-observer reliability was tested on two groups of patients (n = 23 and 20 respectively) and it is reliable to a limit of 2 points (out of 15). Its ...
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Collen FM, Wade DT, Robb GF, Bradshaw CM Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Measuring small gains using the ICIDH severity of disability scale: assessment practice among older people who are blind.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper describes an outcome-based assessment protocol that is used with older individuals who are blind. The assessment process demonstrates how the ICIDH theoretical model can be adapted to address small gains in rehabilitation outcome. The model also illustrates refinements in the ICIDH scaling to create effectiveness measures. A two-dimensional Functional Assessment Scale for measuring personal performance capacities has been found to be quite useful in determining individual needs, in quantifying small gains in rehabilitation intervention, and in evaluating programme effectiveness. PMID: 1836786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Nieuwenhuijsen ER, Frey WD, Crews JE Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Experience of a self-care unit as part of a hospital-based rehabilitation service.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The nature, advantages and disadvantages, and cost of a hospital-based self-care unit as part of a rehabilitation service are described. The unit's operational policy is critically examined after analysing the records of 40 patients admitted consecutively over a 2-year period and conducting interviews with 27 patients between 4 and 48 weeks after discharge. It is concluded that, compared with a hospital ward, a self-care unit is inexpensive to run and helps to prevent patients from giving up their homes and being admitted to residential homes prematurely. In addition to an assessment and confidence-building role, the u...
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Murray-Leslie CF, Jackson A, Oakley-Roberts M Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Trend line influence on visual analysis of single-subject data in rehabilitation research.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effect of including trend lines on the visual judgements made from single-subject data. Twenty-four hypothetical single-subject A-B designs were presented to 20 rehabilitation therapists for visual interpretation. The graphs represented traditional single-subject designs, including a baseline and treatment phase. Trend lines were computed and included in both phases of the design as an adjunct to visual analysis. The interrater reliability of the visual judgements was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and ranged from 0.54 to 0.90. The results suggest that adding trend lines to ...
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Johnson MB, Ottenbacher KJ Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Electromyographic study of sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles in tetraplegic subjects during respiration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An electromyographic investigation of inspiratory respiratory muscles was carried out in six tetraplegic and two normal subjects using needle electrodes. When the normal subjects were using tidal breathing there was no activity present. In the majority of tetraplegic subjects, activity was present in the scalene muscle during tidal breathing. This activity became more marked during deep inspiration. The muscles were hypertrophied and these muscles filled an important respiratory role. PMID: 1757404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Short DJ, Silver JR, Lehr RP Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Posturographic evaluation of the proprioceptive effect of ankle orthoses in healthy volunteers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study analyses the proprioceptive effect of wearing a unilateral and then bilateral ankle orthosis on 34 healthy volunteer subjects by posturography. An elastic orthosis with a ligamentous support band was used, and evaluation was performed by a posturographic statokinesimetric platform. Three tests, one without an orthosis, one with one orthosis, and one with two orthoses, were recorded for each volunteer. The results and statistical analyses demonstrated a significant difference in the antero-posterior measurement between the test without ankle orthosis and the tests with one and with two orthoses. This study provid...
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Calmels P, Escafit M, Domenach M, Minaire P Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Provision of physiotherapy and occupational therapy in outpatient departments and day hospitals for stroke patients in Nottingham.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The provision of rehabilitation for stroke patients discharged from hospital in Nottingham was determined in three ways: a longitudinal study of consecutive stroke patients discharged from hospital, a cross-sectional survey of stroke patients attending physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) outpatient departments (OPDs), and an observational study of patients attending for rehabilitation at day hospitals (DHs) and PT and OT OPDs. In the longitudinal study 17% of patients went to DHs and 20% to OPDs. During the cross-sectional study patients most commonly attended twice weekly. Twenty-four per cent of DH atten...
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Gladman JR, Lomas S, Lincoln NB Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

The social dimension of health status measures in rheumatoid arthritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fifty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were assessed on two occasions three months apart. They completed two health status instruments--the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP)--and the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, clinical and serological data were gathered in order to calculate severity of disease according to the Mallya and Mace index. Health status instruments and the severity of disease index showed agreement in the assessment of mobility; similar agreement was found for different assessments of emotions. However, the two instruments provided soci...
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Fitzpatrick R, Ziebland S, Jenkinson C, Mowat A, Mowat A Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Vocational Rehabilitation Index assessment of rehabilitation medicine service patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Only a minority of working-age patients referred to rehabilitation medicine services return to work, but could more be helped? A first step is identifying those potentially able to do so. This paper describes the retrospective application of the Vocational Rehabilitation Index (VRI) to 223 patients of working age and with various diagnoses referred to one rehabilitation medicine service. The VRI discriminates between patients who return to work and those who do not, as well as between groups with apparently differing degrees of need for vocational rehabilitation assistance. It also has good face validity. Results sugge...
Source: International Disability Studies - January 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Cornes P, Roy CW Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

A novel EMG/video system for the analysis of movement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A simple movement-analysis system is described which provides a video display of the moving image and an easily-observable EMG signal in the form of a time-synchronized light-emitting-diode (LED) display. Its salient feature is the economic and meaningful way in which both data are displayed simultaneously. Its applications in the field of clinical education and training, in diagnosis, and in rehabilitation are discussed. PMID: 1917800 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - January 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Goodwin J, Flack F, Ellis R Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Rehabilitation in a rural community in Ukraine--a pilot project.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The World Health Organization has promoted the concept of community-based rehabilitation as a means of fulfilling the needs of disabled persons in their home environment, and at the same time decreasing the costs of tertiary rehabilitative care. This paper reports on the 10-year experience of a village rehabilitation hospital in rural Ukraine. The hospital was converted to a rehabilitation facility by provision of rehabilitation space, training of local medical and allied health personnel in the principles of rehabilitation, provision of modalities, exercise, hydrotherapy, apiotherapy, and obtaining the necessary physi...
Source: International Disability Studies - January 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Maryniak O, Ovcharenko A, Pelekh L, Palamarchuk L Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Pulmonary embolism following anticoagulation therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Five patients with traumatic spinal injury received a course of oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, heparin, or phenindione for 90 days following injury. These patients, on discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy, developed pulmonary embolus; two of these were confirmed by ventilation perfusion lung scintigraphy, and two were confirmed at post-mortem. The reasons for this are discussed, in particular the importance of delayed anticoagulation, obesity, operations, and mobilization in wheelchairs. The implications for further treatment are discussed. PMID: 1917798 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - January 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Silver JR, Noori Z Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Residual mobility problems after stroke.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study stresses the relatively low frequency of long-term immobility following stroke directly due to stroke-induced impairments. PMID: 1917797 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - January 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Collen FM, Wade DT Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Falls, sway, and symmetry of weight-bearing after stroke.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the relationship between falls, postural sway, stance symmetry, and length of hospital admission after stroke. Side of stroke, age, and sex differences are noted. A consecutive sample of 92 stroke patients underwent two assessments, four months apart, at between two and nine months post-stroke. Measurements of weight distribution and sway were made on the Nottingham Balance Platform. Any falls were recorded. A significant relationship was found between sway values at the first assessment and the number of falls (r = 0.27, p less than 0.01). Sway values improved with recovery (z = 2.9, p less than 0.01)....
Source: International Disability Studies - January 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Sackley CM Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Rehabilitation status--the relationship between the Edinburgh Rehabilitation Status Scale (ERSS), Barthel Index, and PULSES profile.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A total of 364 patients attending day centres for the physically disabled had ERSS and Barthel scores recorded during the course of assessment. In addition, 100 of the patients had PULSES profile scores recorded. Correlation of total scores for all three scales confirmed that all three succeeded in measuring disability and all three were significantly related. There were, however, weak correlations between some of the individual subscales of each score, indicating that each of the assessment tools was measuring some dimensions of disability not adequately considered by the other scales. The results suggest that while p...
Source: International Disability Studies - January 1, 1991 Category: Disability Authors: Mattison PG, Aitken RC, Prescott RJ Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Rehabilitation service utilization models: changes in the opportunity structure for disabled women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The focus of this paper is the opportunity structure for rehabilitation and subsequent outcome for disabled women, in comparison with disabled men. From evidence cited in the literature the differential provision of rehabilitation and other supportive services to disabled women suggests variation in outcome, based on two analytic service utilization models of rehabilitation: medical and psychosocial. Aggregate trend data (1972 and 1978) were used in the analysis of adult disabled groups, by gender and selected disabling conditions. There are two striking results from the analysis of these data sets. One indicates that ...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Altman BM, Smith RT Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Influence of cognitive function on social, domestic, and leisure activities of community-dwelling older people.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggests that the FAI is appropriate for measuring levels of activity in community-dwelling older people and that such activity is related to current cognitive abilities. PMID: 2103570 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Cockburn J, Smith PT, Wade DT Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Accelerometric evaluation of ataxic gait: therapeutic uses of weighting and elastic bandage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two-dimensional (fore-aft and vertical) acceleration of locomotion was measured in 10 normal subjects and 13 patients with idiopathic olivopontocerebellar atrophy who were ataxic but able to walk without any assistance. Accelerometers were tightly placed on the third lumbar vertebra. Asymmetry and unsmoothness indices of locomotion defined from the line spectra of the accelerometric data were computed. Reproducibility of the indices was checked in the normal subjects and patients. The index values were significantly correlated with visual rating of gait unsteadiness in the patients. The indices for vertical components ...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Okajima Y, Chino N, Noda Y, Takahashi H Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

ELGAM--extra-laboratory gait assessment method: identification of risk factors for falls among the elderly at home.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a simple and effective method for at-home or community gait testing, ELGAM (extra-laboratory gait assessment method). ELGAM was field-tested as part of a study of 36 community-dwelling elderly in Beer Sheba, Israel. The ELGAM parameters studied included step length, walking speed, initial starting style of walking, ability to turn head while walking, and static balance. Slow walking speed (less than 0.5 m/s), small steps, difficulty in turning the head, and impaired balance were significantly associated (chi-square analyses, p less than 0.01) with unstable gait. The parameters were also positively associated on...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Fried AV, Cwikel J, Ring H, Galinsky D Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Leisure activity after stroke.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Patients were questioned 40-78 weeks after stroke to ascertain their previous and current levels of leisure participation. The results indicate a decrease with regard to both the number of activities and the frequency of participation when compared to reported pre-stroke leisure activity. PMID: 2103567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Drummond A Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Impairment and recovery profiles of sensory-motor function following stroke: single-case graphical analysis techniques.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Graphical analysis procedures have been developed to improve interpretation of sensory-motor tests from individual subjects following acute brain damage. The procedures have been applied to 11 unilateral stroke patients assessed serially over 12 months on a computerized quantitative sensory-motor test battery of which grip strength, arm speed, and tracking have been chosen for illustrative purposes. The results indicate that four graphs are necessary to fully demonstrate neurologic impairment and recovery of each sensory-motor function, although fewer graphs would be satisfactory in some applications. Such analyses hav...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Jones RD, Donaldson IM, Parkin PJ, Coppage SA Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Environmental control systems in a spinal injuries unit: a review of 10 years' experience.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 1979 a 30-bed spinal injuries unit was opened at Burwood Hospital in Christchurch, New Zealand. The design of the building included built-in environmental control facilities for tetraplegic patients. This paper outlines 10 years of experience with environmental controls in a hospital setting, and discusses some of the problems encountered. Special mention is made of ease of setting up equipment, patient interface switches, patient acceptance, and a major upgrade and modification of the original control system. Although not utilized as much as originally anticipated, a definite need for environmental controls with th...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Woods BM, Jones RD Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

The effects of malnutrition on the motor, perceptual, and cognitive functions of Filipino children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The motor, perceptual, and cognitive abilities of 99 Filipino children, aged 4-6 years with a documented history of malnutrition from a nutritionally depressed area of Manila were determined using the Revised Manila Motor-Perceptual Screening Test. They were classified into four groups of: (1) normal; (2) acutely malnourished; (3) stunted but not malnourished; and (4) chronically malnourished using the Waterlow classification. Thirty-one normal children of comparable ages and background from a nationwide pool were similarly tested and served as the control group. Motor (p = 0.001) and perceptual skill (p less than 0.03...
Source: International Disability Studies - October 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Reyes MR, Valdecanas CM, Reyes OL, Reyes TM Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

A global perspective on disability: a review of efforts to increase access and advance social integration for disabled persons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Disability has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide, common to nations presenting disparate levels of socioeconomic development. Failure to integrate social welfare programmes within national development planning exacerbates difficulties arising from limited resources, with a disproportionate impact on disabled persons and other vulnerable groups. Such policy failure allows flagrant inequalities and social injustice to persist. Strategies are emerging, however, that are useful for solving common international problems. Community-based disability prevention and rehabilitation is one emerging solution that ...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Chermak GD Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

A short screening test for visual neglect in stroke patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: letter and star cancellation offer an adequate yet brief screening test for determining which patients might benefit from administration of the complete neglect test battery. PMID: 2096121 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Halligan P, Wilson B, Cockburn J Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Gait recovery after hemiplegic stroke.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We prospectively evaluated gait recovery in 197 elderly subjects after hemiplegic stroke by measuring serial walking speed. Fifty-seven per cent of subjects (113/197) could not walk without human assistance on day 7 post-stroke. About 40% of this group achieved gait independence at months 1, 2, 3, and 4 post-stroke. In contrast, about 95% of those walking on day 7 maintained gait independence 1, 2, 3, and 4 months post-stroke. Using multiple logistic regression, the best predictors of independent ambulation among the 113 subjects not walking on day 7 were age, line bisection error, and leg power. PMID: 2096120 [Pub...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Friedman PJ Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Outcome following physical trauma: a comparative approach.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to examine physical and psychosocial changes after injury in a range of trauma patients. Three groups were selected for comparison purposes: severely head-injured patients, patients with major trauma, and those with minor trauma (n = 102). Outcomes were assessed by questionnaires and inventories administered to a family member or friend of the trauma survivor, approximately 1 year post-injury. Severely head-injured patients were reported to have the greatest degree of difficulty in self-care and mobility, and in community living skills, followed by other major trauma patients and then minor trauma patients...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Lyle DM, Quine S, Pierce JP, Thomson PC Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Clinical, social, and psychological factors and outcome in a 5-year follow-up study of 276 patients hospitalized because of suspected lumbar disc herniation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study consisted of 276 patients who were hospitalized between 1980 and 1982 because of suspected lumbar disc herniation. No randomization of treatment was used. On the basis of clinical indications 179 patients were operated on and 97 had further conservative treatment. Results of physical, social, and psychological examinations performed after 1 year were related to the 5-year outcome defined by occupation handicap of the WHO system. For operated patients, subjective working incapacity, sensory deficit of leg, tightness of hamstrings, age, and pain in lumbar extension predicted a poor outcome. Predictive factors f...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Nykvist F, Knuts LR, Alaranta H, Hurme M, Törmä T, Rönnemaa T, Kallio V Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

The effects of physical exercise training and cardiac education on levels of anxiety and depression in the rehabilitation of coronary artery bypass graft patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: there is a need to address the problems of anxiety and depression directly by screening and treatment, and to provide more psychologically-orientated cardiac rehabilitation programmes. PMID: 2096117 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: O'Rourke A, Lewin B, Whitecross S, Pacey W Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Stressors, coping mechanisms, and perceived health in persons with epilepsy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explored epilepsy-specific stressors, coping strategies used, level of trait anxiety, and perception of health in 107 adults who had had epilepsy for 1 year or longer. 'Need to take medications regularly' and 'Uncertainty about when a seizure will occur' were the stressors subjects ranked highest. 'Try to maintain some control over the situation', 'Hope things will get better', and 'Think through different ways to solve the problem' were the top coping strategies used. Persons who perceived their health as better used more problem-oriented strategies than did those who rated their health as poor. The mean level ...
Source: International Disability Studies - July 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Snyder M Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Establishing a head-injury rehabilitation service.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 2254238 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Pentland B Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Risk factors and causes of stroke in young women in Israel.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: opportunities for preventive initiatives have not always been grasped, and more attention should be directed to such possibilities. PMID: 2254237 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Eldar R, Zagreba F, Tamir A, Epstein L Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals

Respiratory function in chronic hemiplegia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dynamic spirometry was examined in 23 non-smoking hemiplegic patients after the acute phase. The decrease of slow inspiratory forced capacity is related to motor impairment and does not vary with time. The forced inspiratory and expiratory vital capacities are similar to the slow inspiratory vital capacity in the first 6 months of the disease, but significantly decrease later independent of the motor impairment. The peak expiratory flow is highly variable but is clearly decreased, and is related to motor impairment. These results point to a restrictive respiratory syndrome due to mechanical limitation of thorax excursi...
Source: International Disability Studies - April 1, 1990 Category: Disability Authors: Annoni JM, Ackermann D, Kesselring J Tags: Int Disabil Stud Source Type: journals