Corrigendum
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research

Immunoreceptor CD300a on mast cells and dendritic cells regulates neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by abnormal host immune responses against bacterial infection. Although innate immune cells are known to be important in the pathogenesis of sepsis, how their activation is regulated during sepsis remains incompletely understood. Here, we examined the role of the inhibitory immunoreceptor CD300a, which is expressed on various types of myeloid cells, in the pathogenesis of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). To this end, we used mice in which CD300a was specifically deleted on mast cells (MCs; Cd300a fl/fl Mcpt5-Cre), dendritic cells (DCs; Cd300a fl/fl Itgax-Cre)...
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Udayanga, K. G. S., Nakamura, Y., Nakahashi-Oda, C., Shibuya, A. Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Allergin-1 inhibits TLR2-mediated mast cell activation and suppresses dermatitis
TLR2 recognizes cell wall components of Staphylococcus aureus, which colonizes >90% of atopic eczematous skin lesions. The regulatory mechanisms of TLR2 signaling in the skin remain unclear. Allergin-1, an inhibitory immunoglobulin-like receptor containing an ITIM, is expressed on mast cells (MCs) and inhibits IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in mice. Here, we show that Allergin-1 inhibits TLR2-mediated activation of, and inflammatory cytokine production by, MCs in vitro. Compared with wild-type mice, Allergin-1-deficient mice showed enhanced ear swelling with enhanced collagen deposition and greater Ly6G+ neutrophil recruitmen...
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tsurusaki, S., Tahara-Hanaoka, S., Shibagaki, S., Miyake, S., Imai, M., Shibayama, S., Kubo, M., Shibuya, A. Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Tolerogenic immunoreceptor ILT3/LILRB4 paradoxically marks pathogenic auto-antibody-producing plasmablasts and plasma cells in non-treated SLE
Plasmablasts and plasma cells (PBs and PCs) producing pathogenic auto-antibodies in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases could be a better target for specific therapies for the disease than general immunosuppression or pan- or activated B-cell targeting. Our previous study indicated that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) B4 (B4, also known as ILT3/LIR-5/CD85k), a tolerogenic receptor in antigen-presenting cells, is ectopically expressed on the PB/PC surface in healthy individuals. Here, we show that the enlarged population size of PBs/PCs with augmented B4 expression is characteristic in non-treated syste...
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Inui, M., Sugahara-Tobinai, A., Fujii, H., Itoh-Nakadai, A., Fukuyama, H., Kurosaki, T., Ishii, T., Harigae, H., Takai, T. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw)-mediated protection against visceral leishmaniasis by reciprocal regulation of host dual-specificity phosphatases
Leishmania donovani resides within the host macrophages by dampening host defence mechanisms and thereby it modulates the host cell functions for its survival. Multiple host cell factors compete during the interplay between the host and the parasite. Roles for dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are implicated in various pathological conditions. However, the reciprocity of these DUSPs was unknown in L. donovani infection in a susceptible model. Here, we show that Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw), an immunomodulator, reciprocally regulates DUSP1 and DUSP6 through the TLR4 pathway. Association of PKC-β with DUSP6 inc...
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Parveen, S., Bandhyopadhyay, S., Das, S., Majumdar, S. B., Jawed, J. J., Chowdhury, B. P., Saha, B., Majumdar, S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The role of {alpha}4 integrin in Theilers murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease: an infectious animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS)
Natalizumab, which is an antibody against α4 integrin, has been used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we investigated both the role of α4 integrin and the therapeutic effect of HCA3551, a newly synthesized orally active small molecule α4 integrin antagonist, in the development of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). The mRNA levels of α4 integrins were significantly up-regulated in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice with TMEV-IDD as compared with naive mice (*P < 0.05). HCA3551 treatment in the effector phase ...
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hirano, Y., Kobayashi, K., Tomiki, H., Inaba, Y., Ichikawa, M., Kim, B. S., Koh, C.-S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Important Announcement
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Akira, S. Tags: Announcement Source Type: research

In This Issue
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research

Table of Contents
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research

Subscriptions
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research

Cover
(Source: International Immunology)
Source: International Immunology - January 5, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research

STAT4 is required for the generation of Th1 and Th2, but not Th17 immune responses during monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant activity
STAT4 is critical for the production of IFN- during the generation of Th1 immune responses. We investigated the role of STAT4 in mediating Th1-inducing activity of a vaccine adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A) using the standard antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in STAT4KO mice. Our results show that splenocytes from STAT4KO mice displayed lower OVA-specific T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Further, IFN- production was diminished in STAT4KO-derived splenocytes but the levels of IL-12 and TNF-α were similar compared with WT mice. Interestingly, STAT4 deficiency also led to a decrea...
Source: International Immunology - October 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Varikuti, S., Oghumu, S., Natarajan, G., Kimble, J., Sperling, R. H., Moretti, E., Kaplan, M. H., Satoskar, A. R. Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Antibody-secreting cells in respiratory tract tissues in the absence of eosinophils as supportive partners
Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in respiratory tract tissues provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens. These cells often secrete IgA that is efficiently transcytosed across epithelial barriers into the airway lumen where pathogens can be blocked at their point of entry. Previous literature has reported that in the bone marrow, eosinophils are required for the maintenance of ASCs, and that eosinophils co-localize with ASCs as nearest neighbors. To determine if these rules similarly apply to the maintenance of ASCs in respiratory tract tissues, we evaluated virus-specific responses 1 month and 4 months foll...
Source: International Immunology - October 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sealy, R. E., Surman, S. L., Vogel, P., Hurwitz, J. L. Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Cell cycle arrest caused by MEK/ERK signaling is a mechanism for suppressing growth of antigen-hyperstimulated effector T cells
Suppression of T-cell growth is an important mechanism for establishment of self-tolerance and prevention of unwanted prolonged immune responses that may cause tissue damage. Although negative selection of potentially self-reactive T cells in the thymus as well as in peripheral tissues has been extensively investigated and well documented, regulatory mechanisms to dampen proliferation of antigen-specific effector T cells in response to antigen stimulation remain largely unknown. Thus, in this work, we focus on the identification of growth suppression mechanisms of antigen-specific effector T cells. In order to address this...
Source: International Immunology - October 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ohtsuka, S., Ogawa, S., Wakamatsu, E., Abe, R. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Identification of a human intestinal myeloid cell subset that regulates gut homeostasis
Inappropriate activation of T helper (Th) cells, such as Th1 and Th17 cells, is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders including ulcerative colitis (UC). CX3CR1high macrophages contribute to intestinal homeostasis through various mechanisms in mice. However, whether mononuclear phagocytes with regulatory functions are present in the human colon is not clearly defined. We investigated whether innate myeloid cells that suppress activation of effector T cells exist in the human intestinal mucosa. Among intestinal lamina propria cells, Lin– HLA-DRhigh CD14+ CD163high cells were subdivided into C...
Source: International Immunology - October 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Barman, S., Kayama, H., Okuzaki, D., Ogino, T., Osawa, H., Matsuno, H., Mizushima, T., Mori, M., Nishimura, J., Takeda, K. Tags: featured content Source Type: research