International Journal of Chemical EngineeringThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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24 records returned

Advancements in Development of Chemical-Looping Combustion: A ReviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology with inherent separation of greenhouse CO2. Extensive research has been performed on CLC in the last decade with respect to oxygen carrier development, reaction kinetics, reactor design, system efficiencies, and prototype testing. Transition metal oxides, such as Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn oxides, were reported as reactive species in the oxygen carrier particles. Ni-based oxygen carriers exhibited the best reactivity and stability during multiredox cycles. The performance of the oxygen carriers can be improved by changing preparation method or by making mixedoxides...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - November 4, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Preservation of Methane Hydrates Prepared from Dilute Electrolyte SolutionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The anomalous or self-preservation of methane hydrate at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below the ice point was investigated to determine whether this phenomenon might have applications in the storage and transportation of natural gas. Particular attention was paid to the effects of dilute electrolytes, as the presence of impurities in water is unavoidable in commercial transportation processes. The presence of electrolytes had a marked effect on the decomposition kinetics of methane hydrate at temperatures between 243 and 269 K. It was also found that chloride and sulfate ions may exhibit greater effects tha...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - October 21, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Production of Lipid Microparticles Magnetically Active by a Supercritical Fluid-Based ProcessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An original technique, based on supercritical CO2 and on the particles from gas saturated solution (PGSS) micronization method, was developed to obtain magnetically active lipid microparticles. Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were encapsulated into triestearin and phosphatidylcholine mixtures to increase their biocompatibility for future applications in the fields of biomedical diagnostics and therapeutic medications. The lipid particles produced were characterized to determine size and size distribution, and to confirm the encapsulation of MNP. The mean size was in the range of 200–800 nm. The possibility to d...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - August 26, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Dust Explosion Prevention and Mitigation, Status and Developments in Basic Knowledge and in Practical ApplicationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Right from the early days of the process industries, continuous efforts have been made to develop and improve measures for prevention and mitigation of dust explosions in these industries. Nevertheless this hazard continues to threaten industries that manufacture, use and/or handle powders and dusts of a wide range of combustible materials. To improve methods for predicting explosion development in real industrial plant has been one major challenge. Hence, during the last years comprehensive numerical simulation codes, for addressing this problem, have been developed. Progress has also been made in other areas, for example...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - July 22, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Biofouling Control in Cooling WaterEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An important aspect of environmental engineering is the control of greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil fuel-fired power stations, for instance, represent a substantial contribution to this problem. Unless suitable steps are taken the accumulation of microbial deposits (biofouling) on the cooling water side of the steam condensers can reduce their efficiency and in consequence, the overall efficiency of power production, with an attendant increase in fuel consumption and hence CO2 production. Biofouling control, therefore, is extremely important and can be exercised by chemical or physical techniques or a combination of both. ...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 25, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Selected Papers from 10th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference (CHEMPOR 2008)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering)
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 25, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Scaling Analysis on Pulsating Flame Spread over LiquidsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Scaling analyses based on subsurface layer instability were performed to explore the role of three independent (surface tension, gravity, and viscosity) influences on the mechanism of pulsating flame spread under normal and microgravity conditions. These three influences form two independent pi-numbers: the Marangoni (Ma) number and Grashof (Gr) number, which include the characteristic length scale ratio (depth of subsurface circulation)/(horizontal length of preheated liquid surface). The Prandtl (Pr) number was introduced to compensate for the different thermal diffusivity and kinematic viscosity of different liquids. Al...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Novel Production Method for Plant Polyphenol from Livestock Excrement Using Subcritical Water ReactionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Plant polyphenol, including vanillin, is often used as the intermediate materials of the medicines and vanilla flavoring. In agriculture generally vanillin is produced from vanilla plant and in industry from lignin of disposed wood pulp. We have recently developed a method for the production of plant polyphenol with the excrement as a natural resource of lignin, of the herbivorous animals, by using the subcritical water. The method for using the subcritical water is superior to that of the supercritical water because in the latter complete decomposition occurs. We have successfully produced the vanillin, protocatechuic aci...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

DFT Calculation on 76 Polychlorophenazines: Their Thermodynamic Function and Implication of Cl Substituted PositionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thermodynamic functions, including enthalpy (Hθ) and entropy (Sθ) for 76 polychlorophenazines (PCPZs) in the gas state at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa, have been calculated using the B3LYP/6-31G∗ level with Gaussian 03 program, and considered on solvation affects. Total free energy in water (Gw) was calculated with the same program. Based on these data, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard formation heat (ΔfHθ) and standard free energy of formation in water (ΔfGwθ). The dependences of these thermodynamic parameters on the numbers an...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Membrane-Based Separation of Phenol/Water Mixtures Using Ionically and Covalently Cross-Linked Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid CopolymersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Membrane-based separation of phenol/water mixtures with concentrations of phenol between 3 wt% and 8 wt% in the feed has been performed with nonmodified as well as cross-linked ethylene-methacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymers with different amounts of methacrylic acid. As cross-linking agents, aluminium acetyl acetonate, which leads to ionically cross-linked membranes, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine and glycerine digycidether, leading to covalently cross-linked membranes, have been used. Generally, it was found that with increasing phenol content in the feed, the total flux is increasing wh...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Drop Distribution Determination in a Liquid-Liquid Dispersion by Image ProcessingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents the implementation of an algorithm for automatic identification of drops with different sizes in monochromatic digitized frames of a liquid-liquid chemical process. These image frames were obtained at our Laboratory, using a nonintrusive process, with a digital video camera, a microscope, and an illumination setup from a dispersion of toluene in water within a transparent mixing vessel. In this implementation, we propose a two-phase approach, using a Hough transform that automatically identifies drops in images of the chemical process. This work is a promising starting point for the possibility of perfo...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Influence of Different Cations of N3 Dyes on Their Photovoltaic Performance and StabilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The N3 dye was modified by substituting two of its protons by potassium or sodium cations. The performance and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells incorporating the new dyes were evaluated under light soaking (1000 W⋅m-2) at 50∘C. Photocurrent measurements demonstrated that proton substitution by potassium cations rends the system more stable. Further characterization of the potassium-based devices was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the charge-transfer phenomena occurring at the different interfaces of the cells. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering)
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

The Kinetics of Ampicillin Release from Hydroxyapatite for Bones RegenerationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics are among the most used pharmaceuticals. Their use in veterinary and human medicine is in continuous expansion. There is a growing need for developing bioactive implants. Advantages of implantable drug delivery tools can include high release efficiency, precise dose control, low toxicity, and allow to overcome disadvantages connected with conventional methods. In this respect, hydroxyapatite (HA) is an elective material. It enables to produce architectures similar to those of real bones. Here we studied a kinetic model to describe ampicillin release from HA. In the course of adsorption...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Meeting the ChallengeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first Chempor Conference held in Lisbon in 1975 under the auspices of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, heralded a regular wide-ranging review of research and development in Portugal and the UK Progressively in later years the Conferences have attracted contributions from other European countries and indeed further afield. There is an increasing awareness of the problems for the environment, notably global warming, brought about by human activities. Recent predictions about the future are dire, particularly regarding food and water for a rapidly growing world population. They represent a substantial challenge to the ...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters on the Performance of CMSMEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed at understanding the influence of pyrolysis parameters—end temperature, quenching effect, and soaking time—on the membrane properties. Permeation experiments were performed with N2, He, and CO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been done for all carbon hollow fibers. The highest permeances were obtained for the membrane submitted to an end temperature of 750°C and the highest ideal selectivities for an end temperature of 700°C. In both cases, the membranes were quenched to room temperature. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering)
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - June 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Meeting the ChallengeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first Chempor Conference held in Lisbon in 1975 under the auspices of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, heralded a regular wide-ranging review of research and development in Portugal and the UK Progressively in later years the Conferences have attracted contributions from other European countries and indeed further afield. There is an increasing awareness of the problems for the environment, notably global warming, brought about by human activities. Recent predictions about the future are dire, particularly regarding food and water for a rapidly growing world population. They represent a substantial challenge to the ...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - May 24, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters on the Performance of CMSMEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed at understanding the influence of pyrolysis parameters—end temperature, quenching effect, and soaking time—on the membrane properties. Permeation experiments were performed with N2, He, and CO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been done for all carbon hollow fibers. The highest permeances were obtained for the membrane submitted to an end temperature of 750°C and the highest ideal selectivities for an end temperature of 700°C. In both cases, the membranes were quenched to room temperature. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering)
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - May 24, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

The Kinetics of Ampicillin Release from Hydroxyapatite for Bones RegenerationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics are among the most used pharmaceuticals. Their use in veterinary and human medicine is in continuous expansion. There is a growing need for developing bioactive implants. Advantages of implantable drug delivery tools can include high release efficiency, precise dose control, low toxicity, and allow to overcome disadvantages connected with conventional methods. In this respect, hydroxyapatite (HA) is an elective material. It enables to produce architectures similar to those of real bones. Here we studied a kinetic model to describe ampicillin release from HA. In the course of adsorption...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - April 18, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Influence of Different Cations of N3 Dyes on Their Photovoltaic Performance and StabilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The N3 dye was modified by substituting two of its protons by potassium or sodium cations. The performance and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells incorporating the new dyes were evaluated under light soaking (1000 W⋅m-2) at 50∘C. Photocurrent measurements demonstrated that proton substitution by potassium cations rends the system more stable. Further characterization of the potassium-based devices was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the charge-transfer phenomena occurring at the different interfaces of the cells. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering)
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - April 11, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Drop Distribution Determination in a Liquid-Liquid Dispersion by Image ProcessingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents the implementation of an algorithm for automatic identification of drops with different sizes in monochromatic digitized frames of a liquid-liquid chemical process. These image frames were obtained at our Laboratory, using a nonintrusive process, with a digital video camera, a microscope, and an illumination setup from a dispersion of toluene in water within a transparent mixing vessel. In this implementation, we propose a two-phase approach, using a Hough transform that automatically identifies drops in images of the chemical process. This work is a promising starting point for the possibility of perfo...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - March 5, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Membrane-Based Separation of Phenol/Water Mixtures Using Ionically and Covalently Cross-Linked Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid CopolymersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Membrane-based separation of phenol/water mixtures with concentrations of phenol between 3 wt% and 8 wt% in the feed has been performed with nonmodified as well as cross-linked ethylene-methacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymers with different amounts of methacrylic acid. As cross-linking agents, aluminium acetyl acetonate, which leads to ionically cross-linked membranes, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine and glycerine digycidether, leading to covalently cross-linked membranes, have been used. Generally, it was found that with increasing phenol content in the feed, the total flux is increasing wh...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - February 4, 2009 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

DFT Calculation on 76 Polychlorophenazines: Their Thermodynamic Function and Implication of Cl Substituted PositionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thermodynamic functions, including enthalpy (Hθ) and entropy (Sθ) for 76 polychlorophenazines (PCPZs) in the gas state at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa, have been calculated using the B3LYP/6-31G∗ level with Gaussian 03 program, and considered on solvation affects. Total free energy in water (Gw) was calculated with the same program. Based on these data, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard formation heat (ΔfHθ) and standard free energy of formation in water (ΔfGwθ). The dependences of these thermodynamic parameters on the numbers an...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - November 19, 2008 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Novel Production Method for Plant Polyphenol from Livestock Excrement Using Subcritical Water ReactionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Plant polyphenol, including vanillin, is often used as the intermediate materials of the medicines and vanilla flavoring. In agriculture generally vanillin is produced from vanilla plant and in industry from lignin of disposed wood pulp. We have recently developed a method for the production of plant polyphenol with the excrement as a natural resource of lignin, of the herbivorous animals, by using the subcritical water. The method for using the subcritical water is superior to that of the supercritical water because in the latter complete decomposition occurs. We have successfully produced the vanillin, protocatechuic aci...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - September 14, 2008 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Scaling Analysis on Pulsating Flame Spread over LiquidsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Scaling analyses based on subsurface layer instability were performed to explore the role of three independent (surface tension, gravity, and viscosity) influences on the mechanism of pulsating flame spread under normal and microgravity conditions. These three influences form two independent pi-numbers: the Marangoni (Ma) number and Grashof (Gr) number, which include the characteristic length scale ratio (depth of subsurface circulation)/(horizontal length of preheated liquid surface). The Prandtl (Pr) number was introduced to compensate for the different thermal diffusivity and kinematic viscosity of different liquids. Al...
Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering - July 14, 2008 Category: Chemistry Source Type: journals