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Neuropathology of non-Alzheimer degenerative disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by selective and progressive loss of specific populations of neurons, which determines the clinical presentation. The same neuronal populations can be affected in a number of different disorders. Given that the clinical presentation reflects the particular population of neurons that are targets of the disease process, it is clear that for any given clinical syndrome, more than one neurodegenerative disease can account for the clinical syndrome. Because of this clinical ambiguity, for the purpose of this brief review neurodegenerative disorders are classified according to the...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Dickson DW Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

HMGB1, an innate alarmin, in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HMGB1, an evolutionarily conserved chromosomal protein, was recently re-discovered to act as a "danger signal" (alarmin) to alert the innate immune system for the initiation of host defense or tissue repair. Extracellular HMGB1 can be either passively released from damaged/necrotic cells or secreted by activated immune cells. Upon stimulation, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells secrete high levels of HMGB1 into the intercellular milieu. HMGB1 is potent to target DCs, macrophages, neutrophils and CD4(+) T cells. It also upregulates the expression of BCL-XL by which it may prevent the elimin...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Zhang S, Zhong J, Yang P, Gong F, Wang CY Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Pitfalls in diagnostic hematopathology - Part II.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The overlapping features of malignant lymphomas create a diagnostic "grey zone" , and lead to the invention of "grey zone lymphomas". There are several major grey zone lymphomas: 1) Lymphomas with overlapping features of Hodgkin lymphoma and large B-cell lymphoma; 2) Lymphomas with overlapping features of Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; 3) Lymphomas with overlapping features of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma; 4) Lymphomas with overlapping features of Hodgkin lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphom...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Zhao XF Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

The developmental transcription factor Gata4 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
GATA4 is a transcription factor that plays a role in regulating the normal development of many mesoderm and endoderm derived tissues, including the pancreas. Silencing of GATA4 mRNA expression by promoter methylation has been implicated in carcinogenesis of the ovary, lung and colorectum. By contrast, GATA4 mRNA expression is upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tissues. To further clarify the relationship of GATA4 to pancreatic cancer, we immunolabeled 90 samples of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using a GATA4 specific monoclonal antibody. Both the intensity and percent of labeling was recorded for each c...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Karafin MS, Cummings CT, Fu B, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

MPEP Reduces Seizure Severity in Fmr-1 KO mice over Expressing Human Abeta.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR(5)) regulates the translation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA. Under resting conditions, mRNA is bound to and translationally repressed by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Upon group 1 mGluR activation, FMRP dissociates from the mRNA and translation ensues. APP levels are elevated in the dendrites of primary neuronal cultures as well as in synaptoneurosomes (SN) prepared from embryonic and juvenile fmr-1 knockout (KO) mice, respectively. In order to study the effects of APP and its proteolytic product Abeta on Fragile X syndrome (FXS) phenotypes, we creat...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Westmark CJ, Westmark PR, Malter JS Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Plugs clog the glandular outlets in fundic gland polyps.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A systematic histologic analysis of 62 gastric fundic gland polyps (FGP) was carried out. All FGP (100%) showed foveolar cells with hypertrophic cytoplasm. In 95% of the FGP, parietal cells ballooned into the lumen and in 93%, exfoliated anucleated structures with eosinophilic granules were found. Plugs of anucleated structures with eosinophilic granules, most likely derived from exfoliated parietal cells, were found to clog the outlets of the glands in 86% of the FGP. None of the 30 control gastric biopsies without FGP had similar cellular aberrations. FGP seems to evolve by cellular aberrations affecting parietal cel...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Rubio CA Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a paradigmatic approach.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL), or acute leukemia with a single population of blasts coexpressing markers of two different lineages, is a rare clinical entity. To define BAL, a scoring system was proposed by the European Group of Immunological Markers for Leukemias (EGIL) in 1995. However, increasing evidence suggests that this system has limitations, as acknowledged by the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Although substantially improved in relation to the EGIL, the new WHO Classification is still not optimal for guiding the clinical management of p...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Zhao XF, Gojo I, York T, Ning Y, Baer MR Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Columnar cell lesions and pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia like stroma: is there an epithelial-stromal interaction?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The significance of association between cancer and its microenvironment has been increasingly recognized. It has been shown in animal models that interaction between neoplastic epithelial cells and adjacent stroma can modulate tumor behavior. Carcinoma associated stromal cells can transform normal epithelial cells into neoplastic cells. In breast, columnar cell lesions are non-obligate precursors of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ. Columnar cell lesions can be seen intimately associated with PASH-like-stroma, a lesion we termed as CCPLS. Our aim is to investigate epithelial-stromal interactions in CCPLS and compare ...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Recavarren RA, Chivukula M, Carter G, Dabbs DJ Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Utility of desmin and a Masson's trichrome method to detect early acute myocardial infarction in autopsy tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Detection of early acute myocardial ischemia/infarction prior to neutrophilic infiltration in autopsy myocardium poses a diagnostic dilemma to the surgical pathologist. Morphological changes can be subtle or not identified at all on the hematoxylin and eosin stain. To evaluate the Masson's trichrome stain and immunohistochemical stains, desmin and myoglobin, in detecting acute myocardial ischemia/infarction in autopsy myocardium. We reviewed the autopsy files of the New York Harbor Healthcare System and retrieved 25 cases of early acute myocardial infarction. Three autopsy hearts of non-cardiac related deaths were used...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ouyang J, Guzman M, Desoto-Lapaix F, Pincus MR, Wieczorek R Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Asymptomatic diffuse "encephalitic" cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: case report and review of the literature.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a 70 year old male with stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by aplastic anemia. Neurological examination and imaging revealed no significant abnormalities. At autopsy, the brain revealed multifocal cysts and free tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii with diffuse microglial nodules and no necrosis. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of the "encephalitic" form of toxoplasmosis in a non-AIDS patient. PMID: 19918334 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Abedalthagafi M, Rushing EJ, Garvin D, Cheson B, Ozdemirli M Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Persistent non-neoplastic gammadelta-T cells in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with hepatosplenic (gammadelta) T cell lymphoma: a case report with 6 years of flow cytometry follow-up.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a case of a 31-year old man diagnosed with a gammadelta HSTCL in 2003, successfully treated with chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and followed from 2003 to present. Four-color flow cytometry (FC) was performed on a BD FACSCalibur and data analyzed with CellQuest Pro and FCS Express software. For cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), all cells were acquired due to limited material. Cytological correlation was available on all specimens. Molecular studies for T-cell gene rearrangement were non-contributory. By FC, the diagnostic HSTCL immunophenotype was CD3 (+), CD7 (+), CD2 (+), CD5 (-), CD4 (-), CD8...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Jiang L, Abati AD, Wilson W, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan C Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Silicone implant and primary breast ALK1-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, fact or fiction?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we describe an additional case of primary breast ALK1-negative ALCL in the fibrous capsule and cystic fluid of silicone breast implant in a 58 year old woman who underwent breast reconstructive surgery after lumpectomy for her infiltrating breast adenocarcinoma. Morphologically and immunohistochemically, the lymphoma cells may be confused with recurrent infiltrating breast adenocarcinoma or other non-hematolymphoid malignancies. Molecular studies were needed to determine T-lineage differentiation of the malignant lymphoma cells. We will also review the case reports and case series published in the English l...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - November 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Li S, Lee AK Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with autonomic nerve differentiation and coexistent mantle cell lymphoma involving the appendix.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a 65-year old female who presented with extensive ileocecal mantle cell lymphoma, which extended to the appendix. The appendix was involved by mantle cell lymphoma and an incidental coexistent GIST was noted in the appendiceal wall. The GIST was CD117 positive but did not harbor mutations in the c-kit and PDGFR genes. In addition, it was unusual in showing S-100 immunoreactivity and ultrastructural evidence of autonomic nerve differentiation. This is the first description of the association of a GIST with autonomic nerve differentiation coexisting with mantle cell lymphoma in the appendix. PMID: 19636397 [P...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Rahimi K, Gologan A, Haliotis T, Lamoureux E, Chetty R Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large B-cell lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathological entity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK(+) LBCL) represents a distinct subtype of mature B-cell neoplasms in the most recent WHO classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms. It has a characteristic immunoblastic/plasmablastic morphology, a distinct immunophenotypic profile and recurrent cytogenetic/molecular genetic abnormalities, and has been reported in both the adult and pediatric populations. With the advent of new ALK inhibitors for possible targeted therapy clinical trials, it is important to recognize this new entity, particularly in the pediatric population because the prognosis is worse t...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Li S Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

MicroRNA Expression Profiling Outperforms mRNA Expression Profiling in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we prepared total RNA from paired samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh frozen malignant melanoma, and used that in microarray experiments to compare miRNA expression profiles between FFPE and fresh tissue with corresponding mRNA expression profiles from the same tissue sources. We demonstrate that miRNA expression profile from FFPE tissues closely resembles that from fresh tissues, and the correlation is significantly better than that for mRNA profiles from FFPE and fresh tissues. These results underscore the suitability of FFPE tissues as appropriate resources for molecular expressio...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Liu A, Tetzlaff MT, Vanbelle P, Elder D, Feldman M, Tobias JW, Sepulveda AR, Xu X Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Telomere dysfunction in human diseases: the long and short of it!Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been over one hundred years since the first reported case of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and over twenty since the discovery of telomerase, an enzyme that adds telomeric DNA repeats to chromosome ends. Emerging evidence suggests that telomere dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DC and other human disorders involving tissues that require rapid repair and renewal capacities. Yet we still do not fully understand how mutations in telomere maintenance genes contribute to disease development in affected individuals. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the topic by discussing the ...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Carroll KA, Ly H Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

The role of T cells in osteoporosis, an update.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Emerging evidence highlights the importance of the interplay between the bone and immune systems. That evidence bolsters a longstanding recognition that estrogen deficiency, infection, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders are associated with systemic and local bone loss. Yet, only recently has an understanding emerged that T lymphocytes and their products act as key regulators of osteoclast formation, life span, and activity. This review presents this understanding of the process of T lymphocytes and their products mediating osteoporosis and explores some of the most recent findings and hypotheses to explain their ac...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Zhao W, Liu Y, Cahill CM, Yang W, Rogers JT, Huang X Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Immunoreactivity of icam-1 in human tumors, metastases and normal tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is implicated to play a role in cancer metastasis, and may serve as a diagnostic tool for tumor prognosis and progression as well as a target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to carry out a comprehensive survey of ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in normal, malignant and metastatic tissues. We assessed immunoreactivity of ICAM-1 in a total of 300 tissue cores from multiple tissue arrays of normal, malignant, and metastatic tissues by immunohistochemistry. We scored tissue samples for ICAM-1 immunoreactivity on a 0-3 scale, assessed the number of samples exhibitin...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Hayes SH, Seigel GM Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Concentration-dependent Effects of Proteasomal Inhibition on tau Processing in a Cellular Model of Tauopathy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tauopathies are characterized by accumulation of filamentous tau aggregates. These aggregates can be recapitulated in transfectant M1C overproducing wild-type human brain tau 4R0N via the tetracycline off (TetOff) inducible expression mechanism. To determine the contribution of proteasomes to tau degradation and aggregation, we exposed M1C cells to epoxomicin (Epx; 2-50 nM) or MG132 (0.5 muM) on the 3(rd) or 4(th) day of a 5-day TetOff induction and demonstrated a reduction of proteasomal activity. Cultures treated with 2 nM Exp showed accumulation of full-length tau without affecting ubiquitin and beta-catenin immunob...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Hamano T, Gendron TF, Ko LW, Yen SH Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Comparison of Bcl-2, CD38 and ZAP-70 Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was previously considered a uniform disease characterized by autonomous over-expression of bcl-2. Recently the pathogenic role of bcl-2 has been questioned and attention has turned to prognostic subtypes of CLL differing in CD38 and ZAP-70 expression. However, the relationship between bcl-2 and CD38 or ZAP-70 expression remains uncertain and was investigated using flow cytometric immunophenotyping of 50 CLL specimens. CLL cells were consistently bcl-2 positive but varied in expression level: mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 45-152. Although there was no significant difference in bcl-...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Sargent RL, Craig FE, Swerdlow SH Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Dysplastic ("in-situ") Lesions in multofocal renal oncocytomas (oncocytosis).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preneoplastic lesions for renal oncocytosis have not been well defined. We have attempted to identify the putative in-situ or dysplastic change in nephrectomy specimens with oncocytosis. Cases of multiple oncocytoma previously identified in radical nephrectomy specimens (n = 5) were reviewed for early lesions of renal oncocytosis by light microscopic analysis and by immunohistochemical studies for p53, bcl2 and MIB-1. Microscopic analysis showed that the renal cortical regions in all cases contain isolated groups of tubules partially or completely replaced by oncocytic cells with morphologic features resembling tumor c...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Huang J, Lee P, Mikami Y, Melamed J Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Potential Clinical Importance of the Activation Peptide of Prostate-specific Antigen.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the biosynthesis, secretion and activation of PSA in a prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. PSA is secreted as a pro-enzyme containing a seven amino acid activation peptide (APLILSR). Because the activation peptide is removed extracellularly in vivo, we hypothesized that it may be detected in the blood or urine. Activated PSA is a serine protease and reacts rapidly with protease inhibitors in the blood. These protein complexes are removed from the circulatory system by hepatocyte-mediated endocytosis. This rapid clearance likely interferes with detection of PSA in the early stages of prostate cancer. ...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Voeghtly LM, Thøgersen IB, Valnickova Z, Sanggaard KW, Chu CT, Oury TD, Enghild JJ Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Bacillus calmette-guerin granuloma in seminal vesicle: report of the first case in the english literature.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A 64-year-old man underwent a radical cystoprostatectomy for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy-resistant, recurrent muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. He had a history of left radical nephroureterectomy for a papillary TCC of the left ureter 10 months ago. On microscopic examination, not only multifocal residual papillary TCCs in the urinary bladder but also multiple small granulomas in the urinary bladder and prostate were noted. Interestingly, unusually severe granulomatous inflammation accompanying focal central caseating necrosis was identified in the subepit...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Kim K, Cho YM, Hong YO, Kim SA, Ro JY Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Pancreatic carcinoma with multilineage (acinar, neuroendocrine, and ductal) differentiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report an unusual case of pancreatic carcinoma with combined acinar and neuroendocrine differentiation and minor ductal component with concurrent acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM), an early lesion implicated in ductal carcinogenesis. The patient is a 56-year-old man with vague complaints of dull left upper quadrant pain with radiation across the mid-portion of his abdomen. A computer tomography scan revealed an irregular enlargement of the distal 3.2 cm of the pancreatic body. A distal pancreatectomy was then performed. Histologic examination revealed a pancreatic carcinoma with cellular features of eosinophilic granular c...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Newman K, Stahl-Herz J, Kabiawu O, Newman E, Wieczorek R, Wang B, Pei Z, Bannan M, Lee P, Xu R Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology (ISSN 1936-2625) www.ijcep.com.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19636409 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - July 29, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Insights into endometrial serous carcinogenesis and progression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Endometrial serous carcinomas (ESC) constitute only approximately 10% of endometrial cancers, but have a substantially higher case-fatality rate than their more common endometrioid counterparts. The precise composite of factors driving endometrial serous carcinogenesis and progression remain largely unknown, but we attempt to review the current state of knowledge in this report. ESC probably do not evolve through a single pathway, and their underlying molecular events probably occur early in their evolution. TP53 gene mutations occur in 22.7 to 96% of cases, and p53 protein overexpression is seen in approximately 76%. ...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Fadare O, Zheng W Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

HIV-1 Tat Contributes to Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology in PSAPP Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, HIV-1 Tat significantly promotes AD-like pathology in PSAPP/Tat mice. This model may provide a framework in which to identify new mechanisms involved in cognitive impairment in the HIV infected population, and possible treatments. Additional works will be needed to fully characterize the mechanism(s) of HIV- induced amyloid deposition, and also to uncover viral mechanisms promoting AD-like pathology in general. PMID: 19294002 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Giunta B, Hou H, Zhu Y, Rrapo E, Tian J, Takashi M, Commins D, Singer E, He J, Fernandez F, Tan J Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Prevalence, morphologic features and proliferation indices of breast carcinoma molecular classes using immunohistochemical surrogate markers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is dearth of studies that provide a practical working formulation of breast cancer gene expression analysis for the surgical pathologist. ER, PR, HER2 were used as surrogate markers to classify 205 breast carcinomas into molecular classes. Ki-67 labeling index was calculated using an image analysis system. The data was analyzed for molecular class prevalence, and inter-relationships amongst morphologic parameters, Ki-67 index, and molecular classes. Of the 205 tumors, 113 (55%) were classified as luminal A (strong ER+, HER2 negative), 34 (17%) as luminal B (weak to moderate ER+, HER2 negative), 32 (15%) as triple...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Bhargava R, Striebel J, Beriwal S, Flickinger JC, Onisko A, Ahrendt G, Dabbs DJ Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Absence of human herpesvirus 8 in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pemphigus and pemphigoid are vesicobullous disorders characterized by an autoimmune attack on intercellular or basement membrane antigens, resulting in defective keratinocyte adhesion. Recently there have been reports of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) associated with cases of pemphigus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, in situ hybridization, and serologic data. However, data to date is contradictory, and the relationship between this virus and autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders is unclear. No reports have attempted immunohistochemical localization of HHV8 in tissue affected by PV or BP. We studied immunoh...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Galan A, Hui P, McNiff JM Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Estrogen Regulates Vesicle Trafficking Gene Expression in EFF-3, EFM-19 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Estrogens are critical mediators of breast tumorigenesis. This occurs via the action of estrogens on the estrogen receptor (ER), which regulates the transcriptome of breast cancer cells. Despite the long history of the search for estrogen-regulated genes in breast cancer, knowledge of the E2-regulated transcriptome and its effects is incomplete. We used Affymetrix GeneChips to profile the effects of estradiol on the expression of genes in EFF-3, EFM-19 and MCF-7 cells. In addition to many well-characterized estrogen-regulated genes, this identified a novel group of genes that have roles in vesicle trafficking, includin...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Wright PK, May FE, Darby S, Saif R, Lennard TW, Westley BR Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Immunohistochemical Detection of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor and HER2 Expression in Breast Carcinomas: Comparison of Cell Block and Tissue Block Preparations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a rapid tool for detection of breast carcinomas. Evaluation of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) are routinely performed in breast carcinomas. Formalin fixation of tissue for a minimum of 6 hours, and for HER2 not more than 48 hours is the current recommended practice. In this retrospective study, we compared ER, PR and HER2 expression in breast carcinomas using archival ethanol-fixed FNA cell block with formalin fixed resection tissue block preparations. 34 archival breast carcinoma FNA cell blocks of primary origin with subse...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Williams SL, Birdsong GG, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

The Columnar-lined Mucosa at the Gastroesophageal Junction in Non-Human Primates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite that anatomists consider the cardia as a portion of the stomach, there is disagreement in the literature over whether the cardia mucosa, described as columnar-lined with mucus-producing glands (CLMMG) with or without occasional interspersed oxyntic cells, is part of the stomach, part of the esophagus or a distinct entity. For some authors this mucosa phenotype is a metaplastic glandular change of the distal esophagus caused by protracted gastro-esophageal reflux (GER). In this survey, the presence of CLMMG mucosa was searched for at the esophagus-gastric junction in 50 non-human primates (NHP). The length of th...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Rubio CA, Dick EJ, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch NE, Orrego A, Hubbard GB Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Clinicopathologic features of renal cell carcinoma in young adults: a comparison study with renal cell carcinoma in older patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, RCC are relatively infrequent in patients who are younger than 40 years. The tumors in this group appear to be smaller and less advanced at presentation. Chromophobe RCC and collecting duct carcinoma are more frequently seen. More patients undergo partial nephrectomy and overall long term survival appears to be more favorable. PMID: 19294008 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Suh JH, Oak T, Ro JY, Truong LD, Ayala AG, Shen SS Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis: a case report from the United kingdom.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We reported the first case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis from the UK successfully treated with amphotericin B, where skin biopsy was the initial clue for the correct diagnosis. PMID: 19294009 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Al-Daraji WI, Al-Mahmoud RM, Ali MA Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Fatal Cerebral Hemorrhage in a Patient with CD19-positive IgM-producing Aggressive Plasma Cell Myeloma, Hyperviscosity Syndrome and Cryoglobulinemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IgM plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is a rare entity, and CD19 positivity is found in only 1-4% of PCM. Here we report a unique case of IgM PCM, in which the plasma cells are positive for CD19. Clinically, the patient presented with hyperviscosity syndrome, mimicking the clinical manifestation of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. In addition, the IgM para-protein from the patient behaved like cryoglobulins, which interfered with some of the laboratory measurements and resulted in erroneous platelet count, mean platelet volume, and serum IgM level. Despite chemotherapy, the PCM persisted and progressed to plasma cell leukemia,...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - March 21, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Alatoom A, Elsabrouty R, Willis J, Boils C, Sarode R, Hashim I, Wang HY Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

MicroRNAs 373 and 520c Are Downregulated in Prostate Cancer, Suppress CD44 Translation and Enhance Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, miR-373 and miR-520c exert their effect in PCa by preventing the translation of CD44 RNA, rather than by degrading the RNA. Despite this observation, they exert pro-invasive functional effects, as previously described in breast cancer cells. Their effects are mediated by binding CD44 3'UTR. PMID: 19158933 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Yang K, Handorean AM, Iczkowski KA Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Comparative Analysis of Paired- and Homeodomain-specific Roles in PAX3-FKHR Oncogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we express PAX3-FKHR mutants that contain only a single functional DNA binding domain into C2C12 myoblasts, and measured the in vitro and in vivo behaviors of these cells. We show that only the homeodomain-specific PAX3-FKHR mutant recapitulates the in vitro transformation properties of the wild type fusion protein. However, despite the differential responses in vitro, both the paired domain- and the homeodomain-specific PAX3-FKHR mutants promote tumor development from myoblasts in vivo. Our results suggest an important role for the gain of the paired domain- and the homeodomain-transcription activities in t...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Zhang Y, Schwartz J, Wang C Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Mammaglobin, a valuable diagnostic marker for metastatic breast carcinoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we assessed the utility of a mouse monoclonal antibody to human mammaglobin for one such purpose. Immunohistochemical stains were performed on paraffin-embedded sections from a total of 284 cases, which consisted of primary breast invasive carcinomas (41 cases) with matched metastases to ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, metastatic breast carcinoma to liver (1 case) and kidney (1 case), non-breast neoplasms (161 cases), and normal human tissues (39 cases). The results showed 31 of the 41 cases of primary breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastases were positive for mammaglobin (76%). In the meantime, w...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Wang Z, Spaulding B, Sienko A, Liang Y, Li H, Nielsen G, Yub Gong G, Ro JY, Jim Zhai Q Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Distinct regulation of cell cycle and survival in lymphocytes from patients with Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alterations in cell cycle progression seem to be associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We previously reported disturbances in the control of cell survival/death fate in immortalized lymphocytes from AD patients. These cell cycle dysfunction and impaired apoptosis were considered systemic manifestations of AD disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether these abnormalities are characteristic of AD, or they may be seen in other neurodegenerative disorders such ALS. Our results indicate that alterations in signaling molecules, Akt and ERK1/2, and ...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Bartolomé F, Muñoz U, Esteras N, Esteban J, Bermejo-Pareja F, Martín-Requero A Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Cortical Alzheimer Type Pathology Does Not Influence tau Pathology in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a consecutive series of PSP cases were divided into three groups according to the degree of concurrent ATP - pure PSP, PSP/PA and PSP/AD. Braak NFT stage was significantly greater in PSP/AD compared with both PSP/PA and PSP. Among the pathologic variables studied in middle frontal, superior temporal and motor cortices, there were no differences between PSP and PSP/PA except for SP. In PSP/AD, there was greater neuronal tau pathology (pretangles, NFT and neuropil threads) in middle frontal and superior temporal cortices, probably a reflection of ATP since there was no comparable increase in PSP-related glial ...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Oshima K, Dickson DW Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

North american erionite-associated mesothelioma with pleural plaques and pulmonary fibrosis: a case report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe the first reported case of a patient with erionite-associated pleural mesothelioma with classic pathologic changes typical of asbestos-related pulmonary and pleural pathology. This case report indicates that in addition to Turkey, erionite-associated disease can occur in North America and that subjects with erionite exposure are not only at risk of developing mesothelioma, but may develop interstitial fibrosis and additional pulmonary pathology impacting lung function and patient survival. PMID: 19158938 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Kliment CR, Clemens K, Oury TD Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Epigenetics and epigenetic alterations in pancreatic cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pancreatic cancer remains a major therapeutic challenge. In 2008, there will be approximately 37,680 new cases and 34,290 deaths attributable to pancreatic cancer in the United States (U.S.), making it the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Recent comprehensive pancreatic cancer genome project found that pancreatic adenocarcinomas harbored 63 intragenic mutations or amplifications/homozygous deletions and these alterations clustered in 12 signaling pathways. In addition to widespread genetic alterations, it is now apparent that epigenetic mechanisms are also central to the evolution and progression of human ...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Omura N, Goggins M Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

High-grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Prostate: The Precursor Lesion of Prostate Cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a lesion which is widely believed to be a precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Correct morphologic identification of HGPIN and an understanding of how this diagnosis affects clinical management in the research setting are necessary as HGPIN is a premalignant lesion with many genetic alterations similar to prostate cancer, but is not yet invasive cancer. As such it is critical to differentiate between benign entities, HGPIN, and prostatic adenocarcinoma for experimental design and data interpretation. This review discusses HGPIN, clarifies the terminology used in patholo...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Zynger DL, Yang X Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Cortical Neurons Transgenic for Human Abeta40 or Abeta42 Have Similar Vulnerability to Apoptosis despite Their Different Amyloidogenic Properties.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of chronic dementia in the United States. Its incidence is increasing with an attendant increase in associated health care costs. Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta; a 39-42 amino acid molecule) is the major component of senile plaques, the hallmark lesion of AD. The toxic mechanism of Abeta peptides has not been well characterized. Specifically, the impact of Abeta1-40 (Abeta40) and its slightly longer counterpart fragment, Abeta1-42 (Abeta42), is not clearly understood. It has been suggested that, while Abeta40 might play a more physiologically relevant role, Abeta42 is likely the...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Shiwany NA, Xie J, Guo Q Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

MDM2 Expression and Regulation in Prostate Cancer Racial Disparity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we attempted to determine if the MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism plays a role in the aggressive phenotype seen in African American (AA) prostate cancer by examining the association between MDM2 SNP309 and MDM2 protein levels in prostate cancer (PCa) patients of different racial backgrounds. Prospectively enrolled PCa patients (AA=51, CA=50) were evaluated for MDM2 SNP309 and MDM2 protein expression. MDM2 overexpression, defined as >10% of tumor cells in three tissue cores, was assessed using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. MDM2 protein expression was significantly greater in CA than AA patients (78% v...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - January 23, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Wang G, Firoz EF, Rose A, Blochin E, Christos P, Pollens D, Mazumdar M, Gerald W, Oddoux C, Lee P, Osman I Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Editorial Board 2008 - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology (ISSN 1936-2625).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19092991 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - December 20, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

FoxP3: A Life beyond Regulatory T Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review analyzes the current dogma that FoxP3 functions exclusively in the regulatory T cells (Treg) and that FoxP3(+) Treg is indispensable for survival of immune competent mice. We outline evidence that FoxP3 is expressed well beyond Treg and that the FoxP3 mutation in thymic stromal cells causes defective thymopoiesis, which in turn leads to increased homeostatic proliferation. We argue that the lethal autoimmune disease in mice with germline mutation of FoxP3 is due to both lack of Treg and enhanced homeostatic proliferation. PMID: 19079616 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical an...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - December 18, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Liu Y, Zheng P Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

L-arginine and Alzheimer's disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and loss of cognitive and memory functions. Although the exact causes of AD are still unclear, evidence suggests that atherosclerosis, redox stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and impaired brain energy metabolism may all be associated with AD pathogenesis. Herein, we explore a possible role for L-arginine (L-arg) in AD, taking into consideration known functions for L-arg in atherosclerosis, redox stress and the inflammatory process, regulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, and modu...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - December 18, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Yi J, Horky LL, Friedlich AL, Shi Y, Rogers JT, Huang X Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

A Morphometric Study of Antral G-Cell Density in a Sample of Adult General Population: Comparison of Three Different Methods and Correlation with Patient Demography, Helicobacter pylori Infection, Histomorphology and Circulating Gastrin Levels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the results of three techniques for G-cell quantification in the gastric antral mucosa were poorly intercorrelated and none of the methods correlated with plasma gastrin concentrations. Age and scores for H pylori colonization seem to be determinants of the G-cell density. That common morphometric techniques correlate poorly is of utmost importance to bear in mind when quantitative morphological studies are planned, compared or interpreted. PMID: 19079618 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - December 18, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Petersson F, Borch K, Rehfeld JF, Franzén LE Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals

Morphoproteomic Evidence of Constitutively Activated and Overexpressed mTOR Pathway in Cervical Squamous Carcinoma and High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, morphoproteomic analysis reveals constitutive activation and overexpression of the mTOR pathway in HSIL and SCC as evidenced by: increased nuclear translocation of pmTOR and p-p70S6K, phosphorylated at putative sites of activation, Ser2448 and Thr389, respectively; correlative overexpression of the upstream signal transducer, EGFR, and increases in cell cycle correlates, Skp2 and mitotic indices. These results suggest that the mTOR pathway plays a key role in cervical carcinogenesis and targeted therapies may be developed for SCC as well as its precursor lesion, HSIL. PMID: 19079619 [PubMed - in process]...
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - December 18, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Feng W, Duan X, Liu J, Xiao J, Brown RE Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: journals