International Journal of Developmental NeuroscienceThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Hyperhomocysteinemia reduces glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA REDUCES GLUTAMATE UPTAKE IN PARIETAL CORTEX OF RATS. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2009 Nov 10; Authors: Matté C, Mussulini BH, Dos Santos TM, Soares FM, Simão F, Matté A, de Oliveira DL, Salbego CG, Wofchuk ST, Wyse AT In the present study we evaluated the effect of acute and chronic homocysteine administrations on glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of rats. The immunocontent of glial glutamate transporter (GLAST) and sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLT-1) in the same cerebral structure was also investigated. For acute treatment, neonate or young rats received a sin...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - November 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Matté C, Mussulini BH, Dos Santos TM, Soares FM, Simão F, Matté A, de Oliveira DL, Salbego CG, Wofchuk ST, Wyse AT Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Early exposure of cultured hippocampal neurons to excitatory amino acids protects from later excitotoxicity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
EARLY EXPOSURE OF CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS TO EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS PROTECTS FROM LATER EXCITOTOXICITY. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2009 Nov 10; Authors: Friedman LK, Segal M Status epilepticus occurring in early postnatal development protects CA1 hippocampal neurons, the region most sensitive to seizure-induced injury in the developing brain. Here, we developed a "two hit" model in dissociated cultures of the rat hippocampus to test whether pre-exposure of immature neurons to high concentrations of glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) durin...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - November 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Friedman LK, Segal M Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Magnesium Sulfate Treatment alters fetal cerebellar gene expression responses to hypoxia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prenatal perturbation of brain circulation and oxygenation is a leading cause of perinatal brain damage affecting about 0.3-0.9% of births. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in preterm human infants at gestational week 23-32 results in neurodevelopmental abnormalities in childhood, presenting as learning disability, seizure activity, motor impairment and in the most severe cases, death. Here, we examined the potential of MgSO4 treatment, prior to foetal hypoxia, to attenuate hypoxia-induced damage in a murine model of maternal hypoxia. We studied the time course of maternal hypoxia and MgSO(4) pre-treatment effects on cerebellar t...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - November 7, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ofir H, Revital M, Gabriela M, Regino PP, Vered CC, Hava GM Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Ontogeny of the HPA axis of the CD1 mouse following 24hours maternal deprivation at pnd 3.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, maternal deprivation at pnd 3 augments hypo-responsiveness of corticosterone secretion to mild stress for several days, but does not affect the duration of the SHRP. Whether CRH and glucocorticoid receptor changes are cause or consequence remains to be established. PMID: 19897026 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - November 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Enthoven L, Schmidt MV, Cheung YH, van der Mark MH, de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

The effects of nicotine on the alpha-7 and beta-2 nicotinic acetycholine receptor subunits in the developing piglet brainstem.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Exposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We tested the hypothesis that nicotine increases expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha7 and beta2 in a piglet model. Piglets exposed to 2mg/kg/day nicotine for 14 days postnatally (n=14) were compared to non-exposed controls (n=14), (equal gender proportions). Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify and quantify changes in, alpha7 and beta2 nAChR subunits in 8 nuclei of the medulla at both the rostral and caudal levels. Compared to controls, nicotine exposed piglets had decreased alpha7...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - November 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Browne CJ, Sharma N, Waters KA, Machaalani R Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Conserved methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene exon 1(7) promoter in rats subjected to a maternal methyl-supplemented diet.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is well known that early life experiences affect stress responses and other physiological and behavioral traits in adulthood. Both rat and human studies have shown that early postnatal effects are associated with methylation of the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene exon 1(7) (rat) and 1-F (human) promoters. Methylation of these sites is also seen following methionine administration in adult rats. However, it remains unclear whether similar alterations in DNA methylation profiles can result from prenatal influences. To address this question, we fed pregnant rats a methyl-supplemented diet that resulted in alte...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Herbeck YE, Gulevich RG, Amelkina OA, Plyusnina IZ, Oskina IN Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Regulatory role of monoamine neurotransmitters in astrocytic NT-3 synthesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Astrocytes actively control neuronal activity and synaptic transmission and by producing various neurotrophic factors represent an important local cellular source of trophic support in the normal and diseased brain. Our present study showed the ability of astrocytes to synthesize neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and the active involvement of the monoamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin, as well as basic intracellular second messenger systems, in the regulation of NT-3 production in neonatal rat cortical astrocytes. Using a new NT-3 specific enzyme-immunoassay, we showed that neonatal rat cort...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - October 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mele T, Carman-Kržan M, Jurič DM Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Hyperhomocysteinemia Selectively Alters Expression And Stoichiometry Of Intermediate Filament And Induces Glutamate- And Calcium-Mediated Mechanisms In Rat Brain During Development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the present work was to investigate the actions of a chemically induced chronic hyperhomocysteinemia model on intermediate filaments (IFs) of cortical and hippocampal neural cells and explore signaling mechanisms underlying such effects. Results showed that in hyperhomocysteinemic rats the expression of neural IF subunits was affected. In cerebral cortex, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was donwregulated while in hippocampus high and middle molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF-H and NF-M, respectively) were upregulated. Otherwise, the immunocontent of IF proteins was unaltered in cer...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - October 8, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Loureiro SO, Heimfarth L, Pelaez PD, Lacerda BA, Vidal LF, Soska A, Santos NG, Andrade C, Tagliari B, Scherer EB, Guma FT, Wyse AT, Pessoa-Pureur R Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Effects of lateral fluid percussion injury on cholinergic markers in the newborn piglet brain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Studies using adult animal models showed alterations of the central cholinergic neurotransmission as a result of trauma. However, there is a lack of knowledge about consequences of brain trauma on cholinergic function in the immature brain. It is hypothesized that trauma affects the relative acetylcholine esterase activity and causes a loss of cholinergic neurons in the immature brain. Severe fluid percussion trauma (FP-TBI, 3.8+/-0.3 atm) was induced in fifteen female newborn piglets, monitored for six hours and compared with twelve control...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - October 8, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Donat CK, Walter B, Kayser T, Deuther-Conrad W, Schliebs R, Nieber K, Bauer R, Härtig W, Brust P Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Connexin-Mediated Communication Controls Cell Proliferation And Is Essential In Retinal Histogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Connexin (Cx) channels and hemichannels are involved in essential processes during nervous system development such as apoptosis, propagation of spontaneous activity and interkinetic nuclear movement. In the first part of this study, we extensively characterized Cx gene and protein expression during retinal histogenesis. We observed distinct spatio-temporal patterns among studied Cx and an overriding, ubiquitous presence of Cx45 in progenitor cells. The role of Cx-mediated communication was assessed by using broad-spectrum (carbenoxolone, CBX) and Cx36/Cx50 channel-specific (quinine) blockers. In vivo application of CBX...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kihara AH, Santos TO, Osuna-Melo EJ, Paschon V, Vidal KS, Akamine PS, Castro LM, Resende RR, Hamassaki DE, Britto LR Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

ATP controls cell cycle and induces proliferation in the mouse developing retina.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous data suggest that nucleotides are important mitogens in the developing chick retina. Here, we extended the study on the mitogenic effect of ATP to newborn mouse retinal explants. Our results showed that P2Y(1) receptors were widely distributed in C57bl/6 mice retina and that the majority of PCNA positive cells co-localized with P2Y(1) receptor. To evaluate proliferation, retinal explants obtained from newborn mice were incubated with 0.5muCi [(3)H]-thymidine or 3muM BrDU one hour before the end of culture. Our data showed that ATP induced a dose-dependent increase in [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, an effect t...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 28, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sholl-Franco A, Fragel-Madeira L, Macama AD, Linden R, Ventura AL Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Immediate and Enduring Effects of Neonatal Isolation on Maternal Behavior in Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previously, we showed that neonatal isolation (1-hr isolation/day from dam, litter, and nest on PND 2-9) facilitates cocaine self-administration and increases extracellular dopamine responses in ventral striatum after stimulant administration in adulthood. Recent studies suggest that enduring alterations in neurobehavioral responses associated with early life manipulations reflect changes in maternal behavior. Thus, we sought to determine if neonatal isolation alters maternal care and if dams with neonatal isolation experience as pups showed differential maternal care towards their pups. In Experiment 1, litters were a...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 23, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kosten TA, Kehoe P Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Repeated Restraint Stress And Corticosterone Injections During Late Pregnancy Alter Gap-43 Expression In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex Of Rat Pups.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the offspring of prenatal stress animals, overactivity and impaired negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are consistent finding. However, little was known about how prenatal stress can permanently alter developmental trajectories of pup's brain. Growth-Associated Protein-43 (GAP-43) is a presynaptic membrane phosphoprotein whose expression increases during developmental events such as axonal outgrowth or remodeling and synaptogenesis. Phosphorylation of GAP-43 by protein kinase C was correlated with enhanced axonal growth and transmitter release. In adult animals, increase of GAP-4...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 21, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jutapakdeegul N, Polboon N, Afadlal S, Phansuwan-Pujito P, Govitrapong P Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Subtractive hybridization identifies genes differentially expressed by olfactory ensheathing cells and neural stem cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into glia has received relatively limited attention to date when compared with the interest in the generation of neurons. We are interested in a particular glial phenotype, the aldynoglia, and their differentiation from multipotential neural precursors (MNP), since this type of glia can promote neuronal regeneration. We constructed cDNA libraries from cultures of purified olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC), an aldynoglia cell type, and MNP to perform subtractive hybridization. As a result, we isolated four genes from the OEC: one tenascin C (Tn-C) isoform, Insulin-lik...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Torres-Ruiz NM, Gudiño-Cabrera G, Ortuño-Sahagún D Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Changes in the expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 variants in the postnatal brain development and in neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a multifunctional peptide of which numerous isoforms exist. The predominant form, IGF-1Ea is involved in physiological processes while IGF-1Ec (mechano-growth factor, MGF) is expressed in response to a different set of stimuli. We have identified specific changes in the expression patterns of these IGF-1 variants in brain development in normal rats and following neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI). Both IGF-1Ea and IGF-1Ec are expressed during normal postnatal brain development, albeit with highly specific temporal distributions. In contrast, HI produced increased and prolonged expre...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 16, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Beręsewicz M, Majewska M, Makarewicz D, Vayro S, Zabłocka B, Górecki DC Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Importance of neural mechanisms in colonic mucosal and muscular dysfunction in adult rats following neonatal colonic irritation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies have shown that early life trauma induced by maternal separation or colonic irritation leads to hypersensitivity to colorectal distension in adulthood. We tested the hypothesis that repetitive colorectal distension in neonates leads to abnormalities in colonic permeability and smooth muscle function in the adult rat. In neonatal rats, repetitive colorectal distension was performed on days 8, 10, and 12. As adults, stool consistency was graded from 0 (formed stool) to 3 (liquid stool). Colonic tissue was isolated for histology and myeloperoxidase levels. The colonic mucosa was placed in modified Ussing ...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chaloner A, Rao A, Al-Chaer ED, Meerveld BG Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Early life experience alters behavioral responses to sweet food and accumbal dopamine metabolism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neonatal handling in rats persistently alters behavioral parameters and responses to stress. Such animals eat more sweet food in adult life, without alterations in lab chow ingestion. Here, we show that neonatally-handled rats display greater incentive salience to a sweet reward in a runway test; however they are less prone to conditioned place preference and show less positive hedonic reactions to sweet food. When injected with methylphenidate (a dopamine mimetic agent), non-handled rats increase their sweet food ingestion in the fasted state, while neonatally-handled rats do not respond. We did not observe any differ...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Silveira PP, Portella AK, Assis S, Nieto FB, Diehl LA, Crema LM, Peres W, Costa G, Scorza C, Quillfeldt JA, Lucion AB, Dalmaz C Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Perinatal exposure to music protects spatial memory against callosal lesions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study focused on the potential protection that the perinatal exposure to music, between postnatal days 2-32, could offer against functional deficits induced by neonatal callosotomy in rats. The spontaneous alternation and marble burying behaviors were longitudinally measured in callosotomized and control rats that had been exposed to music or not. The results indicated that the neonatal callosotomy induced spontaneous alternation deficits that became apparent only after postnatal day 45, about the time when the rat corpus callosum reaches its maximal levels of myelination. The perinatal exposure to music efficiently p...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Amagdei A, Balteş FR, Avram J, Miu AC Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Damage and plasticity in adult rat hippocampal trisynaptic circuit neurons after neonatal exposure to glutamate excitotoxicity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hippocampal vulnerability to excitotoxicity has been widely studied along with its implication to learning and memory. Neonatal glutamate excitotoxicity induces loss of CA1 pyramidal neurons in adult rats concomitantly with some plastic changes in the dendritic spines of surviving neurons. At least in part, these may underlie the place learning impairments seen in previous studies based on a similar excitotoxicity-inducing model. In the present study, cytoarchitecture of dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 fields were evaluated in 120 day-old rats, after they had been neonatally-treated with glutamate as monosodium salt. Dentat...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: González-Burgos I, Velázquez-Zamora DA, Beas-Zárate C Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Excitotoxic neonatal damage induced by monosodium glutamate reduces several GABAergic markers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) administered to neonatal rats during the first week of life induces a neurodegenerative process, which is represented by several neurochemical alterations of surviving neurons in the brain, where signaling mediated by GABA is essential for excitation threshold maintenance. GABA-positive cells, [(3)H]-GABA uptake, expression of mRNA for GABA transporters GAT1 and GAT3, and expression of mRNA and protein for two main GABA synthesizing enzymes, GAD(65) and GAD(67), were measured at postnatal day 60, after MSG neonatal treatment in two critical cerebral regions, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. G...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ureña-Guerrero ME, Orozco-Suárez S, López-Pérez SJ, Flores-Soto ME, Beas-Zárate C Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Neonatal LPS injection alters the body weight regulation systems of rats under non-stress and immune stress conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been reported that prenatal immune stress induced by lipopolysaccharides or cytokines increases food intake and leads to obesity and other features of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Using Sprague-Dawley rats, we evaluated whether neonatal LPS injection altered their body weight regulation systems under non-stress and immune stress conditions. On Day 10 after birth, all pups were injected with LPS (100mug/kg, i.p.) (PND(10)LPS) or saline (PND(10)Saline). After weaning, body weight was significantly elevated in PND(10)LPS compared with PND(10)Saline. Thereafter, the rats were injected with LPS (100mug/kg, i.p.) ...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - September 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Kinouchi R, Fujisawa S, Murakami M, Kiyokawa M, Kuwahara A, Yasui T, Irahara M Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

A role for the MAPK/ERK pathway in oligodendroglial differentiation in vitro: stage specific effects on cell branching.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway is important for both long-term survival and timing of the progression of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Oligodendroglial cells treated with MEK inhibitor were distinguished by using stage specific markers: NG2 proteoglycan, A2B5, 23nucleotide-cyclic 3phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and myelin basic protein (MBP), and classified according to their morphology into different developmental stages. Treatment significantly increased the number of cells with more immature morphologies and decreased the number of mature cells. Furthermo...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Younes-Rapozo V, Felgueiras LO, Viana NL, Fierro IM, Barja-Fidalgo C, Manhães AC, Barradas PC Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Thyroid hormone induces glial lineage of neural stem cells derived from non-pathological and pathological rat brain: implications for remyelination enhancing therapies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thyroid hormone exerts a critical role in developmental myelination, acting on the production and maturation of oligodendrocyte, and on the expression of genes encoding for myelin protein. Since remyelination is considered a recapitulation of cellular and molecular events occurring during development, we tested the possibility of stimulating the oligodendroglial lineage and maturation in neurospheres derived from the subventricular zone of adult rats using 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3). Both non-pathological and pathological brains derived from rats affected by the inflammatory-demyelinating disease experimental aller...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fernández M, Paradisi M, Del Vecchio G, Giardino L, Calzà L Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Environmental and tactile stimulation modulates the neonatal handling effect on adult rat spatial memory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we examined the interaction of early novelty exposure with a varying amount of tactile stimulation on spatial recognition memory and corticosterone secretion of adult male and female rats. A split litter design was used and the experimental animals were also compared to animal facility reared controls. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we examined the effect of novel or home environment during the 15-min of neonatal handling, following 10 back-strokes. Tactile stimulation of 10 back-strokes combined with novelty exposure, enhanced novel arm discrimination in a Y-maze task in adul...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Daskalakis NP, Kaperoni M, Koros C, Kloet ER, Kitraki E Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

NADPH-d/NOS reactivity in the lumbar dorsal horn of congenitally hypothyroid pups before and after formalin pain induction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have previously demonstrated that congenitally hypothyroid rat pups exhibit altered behavioral response to formalin pain induction during postnatal period. In the present study, using NADPH-diaphorase histochemisty and NOS immunostaining, we investigated the effect of congenital hypothyroidism on the NOS expression in spinal cord of intact neonates at postnatal days of 15 and 21. We also examined the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the NADPH-d/NOS expression in response to formalin nociception. Congenital hypothyroidism induced by Propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment started from gestational day 16 and continued to pos...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Akbari Z, Rohani MH, Behzadi G Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Children' s radial arm maze performance as a function of age and sex.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study analyzes the development of the spatial abilities in children aged 36 to 95 months and the sex-related differences by means of the free-choice and forced-choice paradigms of the eight-arm radial maze task. Clear age-related improvements were evidenced. However, a temporal window with an abrupt acceleration of specific spatial competencies acquisition was detected. The females aged 51-58 months started the task performing about 2.5 errors and ended it performing no more than 0.5 errors. The same pattern of performance was exhibited by the males aged 59-66 months. Also in the final span the 4.5 year-old...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 25, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mandolesi L, Petrosini L, Menghini D, Addona F, Vicari S Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Hawthorn extract reduces infarct volume and improves neurological score by reducing oxidative stress in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Hawthorn extract which is a well known prophylactic for cardiac conditions may very well protect the brain against ischemia reperfusion. The reduced brain damage and improved neurological behavior after 24hours of reperfusion in Hawthorn extract pretreated group may be attributed to its antioxidant property which restores glutathione levels, circumvents the increase in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels thereby reducing peroxynitrite formation and free radical induced brain damage. PMID: 19712738 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 23, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elango C, Jayachandaran KS, Devaraj SN Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Repeated Ethanol Exposure During Adolescence Alters the Developmental Trajectory of Dopaminergic Output from the Nucleus Accumbens Septi.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Individuals who begin using alcohol prior to 14 years of age are 4 times more likely to progress to addiction than those who do not initiate use until 21 years of age. The nucleus accumbens septi undergoes dramatic developmental transitions during the adolescent period, and dopaminergic activity within this region has been identified as a central neurochemical mediator of drug reward, addiction and dependence. Thus, alcohol-induced neurochemical alterations in dopaminergic activity within this brain region likely mediate the heightened vulnerability to addiction observed in adolescent alcohol users. To investigate this...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 23, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Philpot RM, Wecker L, Kirstein CL Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Developmental expression and subcellular localization of glutaminyl cyclase in mouse brain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) converts N-terminal glutaminyl residues into pyroglutamate (pE), thereby stabilizing these peptides/proteins. Recently, we demonstrated that QC also plays a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's disease by generating the disease-associated pE-Abeta from N-terminally truncated Abeta peptides in vivo. This newly identified function makes QC an interesting pharmacological target for Alzheimer's disease therapy. However, the expression of QC in brain and peripheral organs, its cell type-specific and subcellular localization as well as developmental profiles in brain are not known. The present study was per...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hartlage-Rübsamen M, Staffa K, Waniek A, Wermann M, Hoffmann T, Cynis H, Schilling S, Demuth HU, Roßner S Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Peripheral glial cell differentiation from neurospheres derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue are being considered for use in neural repair because they can differentiate after appropriate induction in culture into neurons and glia. The question we asked was if neurospheres could be harvested from adipose-derived stem cells and if they then could differentiate in culture to peripheral glial-like cells. Here, we demonstrate that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can form nestin positive nonadherent neurosphere cellular aggregates when cultured with basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Dissociation of these neurospheres...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Radtke C, Schmitz B, Spies M, Kocsis JD, Vogt PM Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

High fat diet-induced maternal obesity alters fetal hippocampal development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report that maternal exposure to the high-fat diet induced small for gestational age (SGA) status and fetal resorption. The proliferation of neural progenitors was increased in the neuroepithelium from hippocampus and cortex in fetuses from mothers fed the high-fat diet when compared to controls, but decreased within the dentate gyrus (DG). Apoptosis in the hippocampus was decreased (Ammon's Horn and fimbria). The differentiation of calretinin-positive neurons within the DG was also decreased.These data indicate that, under the influence of a maternal high-fat diet administered prior and during gestation, fetal hippocam...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 16, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Niculescu MD, Lupu DS Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Evidence that the major metabolites accumulating in hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome induce oxidative stress in brain of young rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ornithine and homocitrulline are the major metabolites accumulating in hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by neurological regression whose pathogenesis is still not understood. The present work investigated the in vitro effects of ornithine and homocitrulline on important parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex from young rats. Ornithine significantly increased chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels, indicators of lipid peroxidation, while homocitrulline only augmented chemiluminescence values. Furthermore, ornithine-indu...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Amaral AU, Leipnitz G, Fernandes CG, Seminotti B, Zanatta A, Viegas CM, Dutra-Filho CS, Wajner M Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

DKJStartRole of Glutathione monoester on age related neurochemical alterations in rat brain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is quite apparent that the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in both men and women increases in a logarithmic fashion with age and begins to rise much more rapidly after the age of 60. Brain aging is accompanied by structural and functional changes at cellular and tissue levels such as increase in free radical generation, lowered antioxidant defenses, decrease in number of neurons, decrease in the activities of enzymes, (g) decrease in impulse transmission. The present study was aimed to assess the neuromodulatory role of Glutathione monoester (GME) when administered intraperitoneally (12mg/kg body weight) for...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Murali G, Dhivya S, Rasappan P Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Early neonatal inflammation affects adult pain reactivity and anxiety related traits in mice: genetic background counts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
EARLY NEONATAL INFLAMMATION AFFECTS ADULT PAIN REACTIVITY AND ANXIETY RELATED TRAITS IN MICE: GENETIC BACKGROUND COUNTS. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2009 Aug 6; Authors: Benatti C, Alboni S, Capone G, Corsini D, Caggia F, Brunello N, Tascedda F, Blom JM Protracted or recurrent pain and inflammation in the early neonatal period may cause long-lasting changes in central neural function. However, more research is necessary to better characterize the long-term behavioral sequelae of such exposure in the neonatal period. Objectives: 1)to study whether timing of postnatal exposure to persistent inflammation alters responsive...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Benatti C, Alboni S, Capone G, Corsini D, Caggia F, Brunello N, Tascedda F, Blom JM Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Neonatal maternal separation alters the development of glucocorticoid receptor expression in the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adverse early experience impairs adult learning and memory. Previously, we showed that neonatal maternal separation impaired eyeblink conditioning in adult male rats. This impairment was correlated with increases in glucocorticoid receptor expression in the posterior region of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus, a key structure in the neural circuitry controlling eyeblink conditioning. To begin to establish how separation results in altered glucocorticoid receptor expression in adulthood, we assessed the developmental pattern of glucocorticoid receptor expression in the interpositus nucleus in controls versus rats tha...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wilber AA, Wellman CL Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Restricted growth and insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency in mice lacking presenilin-1 in the neural crest cell lineage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here that PS1 is also required for maturation and/or maintenance of the pituitary gland. We generated PS1-conditional knockout (PS1-cKO) mice by crossing floxed PS1 and Wnt1-cre mice, in which PS1 was lacking in the neural crest-derived cell lineage. Although the PS1-cKO mice exhibited no obvious phenotypic abnormalities for several days after birth, reduced body weight in the mutant was evident by the age of 3 to 5 weeks. Pituitary weight and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 level were also reduced in the mutant. Histologic analysis revealed severe atrophy of the cytosol in the anterior and intermediate ...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nakajima M, Watanabe S, Okuyama S, Shen J, Furukawa Y Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

The pineal volume: a three-dimensional volumetric study in healthy young adults using 3.0T MR data.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggests that asymptomatic pineal cysts may exert an important influence on pineal volume. PMID: 19665543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sun B, Wang D, Tang Y, Fan L, Lin X, Yu T, Qi H, Li Z, Liu S Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

The Cochlea in Fetuses with Neural Tube Defects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study different malformations of the cochlea could be demonstrated. Nevertheless, we couldn't delineate a distinct malformation of the inner ear, that can be linked to a neural tube defect. Neural Tube Defects are a frequent and heterogeneous group of malformations, ranging from the survivable spina bifida to fatal anencephaly. In multiple animal models an involvement of the vestibulocochlear system has been demonstrated. In this article human fetal temporal bones of neural tube defects were analysed in a multimodiular work - up. The morphologic study was performed with light microscopy, transmission electron micro...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Schmutzhard J, Glueckert R, Bitsche M, Abraham I, Falkeis C, Schwentner I, Riechelmann H, Müller B, Beckmann F, Sergi C, Fischer AS Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Ultrasound exposure of the foetal chick brain: Effects on learning and memory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated if ultrasound of the chick brain can lead to learning and memory impairment after hatch. We exposed the brains of chicks on day 19 of a 21 day incubation period to 5 or 10minutes of B-mode, or to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5minutes of Pulsed Doppler ultrasound in ovo. Learning and memory function were assessed at day 2 post hatch. Our results show that B-mode exposure at E19 does not affect memory function. On the other hand, 2hours after training, significant memory impairment occurred following 4 and 5minutes of Pulsed Doppler exposure at E19. In separate groups of chicks, short-, intermediate- and long-...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - August 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Schneider-Kolsky ME, Ayobi Z, Lombardo P, Brown D, Kedang B, Gibbs ME Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Smad2 isoforms are differentially expressed during mouse brain development and aging.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here that Smad2(Deltaexon3) is the most abundant of the two Smad2 isoforms in mouse brain and that Smad expression pattern alters during development and aging. Neuronal expression of Smad2(Deltaexon3) was confirmed by a single-cell PCR approach. Moreover, Smad2(Deltaexon3) predominates in the nuclear fraction of neurons, suggesting special function during brain differentiation. Our data indicate that there may be a specific role for Smad2(Deltaexon3) in neurons. PMID: 19375497 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ueberham U, Lange P, Ueberham E, Brückner MK, Hartlage-Rübsamen M, Pannicke T, Rohn S, Cross M, Arendt T Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Estradiol promotes proliferation of dopaminergic precursors resulting in a higher proportion of dopamine neurons derived from mouse embryonic stem cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Estradiol protects dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra from toxic insults. Such neurons succumb in Parkinson's disease; one strategy for restoring dopamine deficiency is cell therapy with neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells. We investigated the effects of 17beta-estradiol on dopaminergic induction of embryonic stem cells using the 5-stage protocol. Cells were incubated with different steroid concentrations during the proliferation (stage 4) or differentiation (stage 5) phases. Estradiol added at nM concentrations only during stage 4 increases the proliferation of dopaminergic precursors expressing Lmx...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Díaz NF, Díaz-Martínez NE, Camacho-Arroyo I, Velasco I Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Expression of the homeobox genes PAX6, OTX2, and OTX1 in the early human fetal retina.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we demonstrate the presence of the mRNAs and proteins for these genes within human fetal retinas of different stages. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we show that PAX6 was primarily localized to nuclei of the neural retina, OTX2 was localized to the nuclei of retinal pigment epithelium and OTX1 expression was confined to anterior retina. Expression peaks for PAX6 occur at days 51-60 and for OTX2 occur around fetal days 48-54. We conclude that the human expression patterns correspond spatially with the patterns observed in the rat retina. Further, the expressions occur during similar fetal ...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Larsen KB, Lutterodt M, Rath MF, Møller M Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

The potential role of phrenic nucleus glutamate receptor subunits in mediating spontaneous crossed phrenic activity in neonatal rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cervical spinal cord hemisection rostral to the phrenic nucleus leads to paralysis of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm in adult rats. Respiratory function can be restored to the paralyzed hemidiaphragm by activating a latent respiratory motor pathway. The latent pathway is called the crossed phrenic pathway. In adult rats, the pathway can be activated by drug-induced upregulation of NMDA receptor NR2A subunit and AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit in the phrenic nucleus following hemisection. In neonatal rats, this pathway is not latent as shown by the spontaneous expression of activity in the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm following...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Huang Y, Goshgarian HG Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

ZnCl2 exposure protects against behavioral and acetylcholinesterase changes induced by HgCl2.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effects of inorganic mercury exposure on behavioral and biochemical parameters and investigated the possible preventive effects of zinc on the alterations induced by mercury. Pups were exposed from 3rd to 7th postnatal day to ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/day, s.c.) and subsequently to HgCl2 (5 doses of 5 mg/kg/day, s.c.). Each litter contained two rats for each treatment. The rats were submitted to behavioral task and litters were killed at 13 or 33 days old for acetylcholinesterase activity assays and for the determination of metal levels. Based on the results obtained from 13-day-old rats, they were divided in...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Franciscato C, Goulart FR, Lovatto NM, Duarte FA, Flores EM, Dressler VL, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Dopaminergic signals in primary motor cortex.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brainstem monoamine areas such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) send dopaminergic projections to the cerebral cortex that are widely distributed across different cortical regions. Whereas the projection to prefrontal areas (PFC) has been studied in detail, little is known about dopaminergic projections to primary motor cortex (M1). These projections have been anatomically characterized in rat and primate M1. Primates have even denser dopaminergic projections to M1 than rats. The physiological role, the effects of dopaminergic input on the activity of M1 circuits, and the behavioral function of this projection are un...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Luft AR, Schwarz S Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Olfactory ensheathing cells represent an optimal substrate for hippocampal neurons: an in vitro study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we assessed the efficacy of OECs on the survival and neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons in vitro. Co-cultures of OECs and hippocampal of postnatal rats were successfully established and cells were immunocytochemically characterized. Some hippocampal cultures were added with growth factors, as bFGF, NGF and GDNF. Furthermore, conditioned medium from OECs cultures was used to feed some hippocampal neurons coverslips. Our results show that in co-cultures of hippocampal neurons and OECs the number of neurons and their neurite outgrowth were significantly increased in comparison with controls. Moreover, we s...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pellitteri R, Spatuzza M, Russo A, Zaccheo D, Stanzani S Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Differential immunodetection of L-DOPA decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase in the vertebrate retina.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The immunocytochemical staining of L-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in cells of the developing avian retina and in cells of the retina of adult rats and opossum were compared. DDC was identified at embryonic day 8 in the chick, in cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). At embryonic day 13, two types of DDC positive cells were observed; type 1, with the soma located in the innermost layer of the INL; and type 2, with the soma located two cell rows from the innermost part of the INL. Immunolabeling for DDC in the presumptive outer plexiform layer was more clearly defined at embryonic day 19 and a...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: da Silva RT, Hokoç JN, de Mello FG, Gardino PF Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Effects of maternal separation on dynamics of urocortin 1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although mood disorders are frequently genetically determined and to some degree gender-dependent, the concept of early life 'programming', implying a relation between perinatal environmental events and adult mood disorders, has recently gained considerable attention. In particular, maternal separation (MS) markedly affects various stress-sensitive brain centers. Therefore, MS is considered as a suitable experimental paradigm to study how early life events affect brain plasticity and, hence, cause psychopathologies like major depression. In adult mammals, the classical hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA-) axis and the ...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gaszner B, Jensen KO, Farkas J, Reglodi D, Csernus V, Roubos EW, Kozicz T Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Early vibrissae removal facilitates cortical spreading depression propagation in the brain of well-nourished and malnourished developing rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reduced sensory input activity during brain development can induce morphological and physiological changes in the cerebral cortex, altering their response properties. Malnutrition delays the formation of somatosensory pathways. Here we used cortical spreading depression as a neurophysiological parameter to investigate electrophysiological changes after vibrissae removal in well-nourished and malnourished rats. Male Wistar rat pups had the right mystacial vibrissae-removed at postnatal days 2-3, and were submitted to spreading depression recording at 30-40 days of life. In both nutritional conditions, spreading depressi...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: da Silva Tenório A, de Oliveira ID, Guedes RC Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals

Neonatal ontogeny and neurotoxic effect of decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) on levels of synaptophysin and tau.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mice and rats have a period of rapid growth and development that occurs postnatally, while in humans the corresponding period is perinatal. This gives us the opportunity to study direct effects of chemicals during developmental processes of the central nervous system (CNS) in murine animals. Mammals have a marked period of rapid brain growth and development, the brain growth spurt (BGS), which is postnatal in mice and rats, spanning the first 3-4 weeks of life and reaching its peak around postnatal day 10. The proteins synaptophysin and tau are involved in developmental processes in the nervous system during the BGS in...
Source: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Viberg H Tags: Int J Dev Neurosci Source Type: journals