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Japanese encephalitis in mainland china.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a seasonal epidemic disease with a 50-year recorded history in China. Its characteristics can be summarized as follows: (i) it is a seasonal epidemic disease; approximately 90% of cases are recorded in July, August, and September each year. The peak of JE onset is 1 month earlier in South China than in the north of the country; (ii) the disease is highly sporadic. It is rare for more than two cases to appear simultaneously in one family; (iii) most affected children are under 15 years old; (iv) the disease is widely distributed in all areas of the nation except Qinghai Province, Xinjiang U...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wang H, Li Y, Liang X, Liang G Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Effects of IgY against Candida albicans and Candida spp. Adherence and Biofilm Formation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes oral and vaginal mucosal infections as well as systemic disease. The ability of C. albicans to adhere to host surfaces is positively correlated with its pathogenicity. We prepared a polyclonal anti-Candida albicans antibody in chicken egg yolk (anti-C. albicans IgY) and investigated its in vitro effectiveness in preventing C. albicans adherence and biofilm formation. Anti-C. albicans IgY significantly reduced the adherence of C. albicans SC5314 to human oral epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. The same effect was also observed...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fujibayashi T, Nakamura M, Tominaga A, Satoh N, Kawarai T, Narisawa N, Shinozuka O, Watanabe H, Yamazaki T, Senpuku H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Isolation and characterization of two phenotypically distinct dengue type-2 virus isolates from the same dengue hemorrhagic Fever patient.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dengue is the one of the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases. Dengue virus circulates between humans and mosquitoes, and causes a wide range of disease in humans. To elucidate the link between the cell tropism of dengue virus and its pathogenesis, peripheral blood cells of infected patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. The dengue virus antigen was detected in peripheral CD19+ cells (B cells) in one dengue hemorrhagic fever patient. Two dengue type-2 virus isolates were recovered from this patient using mosquito cell line C6/36 and human hematopoietic cell line K562, and designated VNHCM18-C/02 and VNHCM18...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kinoshita H, Mathenge EG, Hung NT, Huong VT, Kumatori A, Yu F, Parquet MC, Inoue S, Matias RR, Natividad FF, Morita K, Hasebe F Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Interaction between Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 EspFu and IRSp53 Induces Dynamic Membrane Remodeling in Epithelial Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p53 (IRSp53) in the host cell acts as a binding partner for EspFu. Co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy showed specific interactions between EspFu and IRSp53 as well as their co-localization in epithelial cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that the association between EspFu and IRSp53 induces dynamic membrane remodeling in epithelial cells. PMID: 19762983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Morita-Ishihara T, Terajima J, Watanabe H, Izumiya H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Cultured at 37C and 42C.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, there are subsets of proteins that are optimally expressed at 37C, which may contribute to the host adaptation and/or the pathogenicity in the human intestinal tract. PMID: 19762984 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zhang MJ, Xiao D, Zhao F, Gu YX, Meng FL, He LH, Ma GY, Zhang JZ Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Molecular investigation of salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella hadar strains isolated from humans in Turkey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Eleven Salmonella Choleraesuis and seven Salmonella Hadar strains isolated from various clinical humand samples were investigated by plasmid profile analysis, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in order to obtain information at a molecular level on the epidemiology of S. Choleraesuis and S. Hadar, which are significantly present in Turkey. Plasmid profile analysis showed that 10 (90.9%) of 11 S. Choleraesuis isolates harbored one to two plasmids with sizes of 2.0, 5.0 or 6.5 kb; and 5 (71.4%) of 7 S. Hadar isolates harbored on...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Us E, Erdem B, Tekeli A, Dolapci I, Bayramova M, Saran B, Sahin F Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Emergence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enterica in Tehran, Iran.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the presence and molecular type(s) of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Salmonella spp. isolates obtained from patients with diarrhea in hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Over a period of 17 months, 129 Salmonella spp. were isolated from fecal samples and tested for susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method; then, screening for ESBL-producing isolates and determination of their minimum inhibitory concentrations were carried out using the combined disk method and standard agar dilution method, respectively. The presence and type of ESBL-encoding ge...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hamidian M, Tajbakhsh M, Walther-Rasmussen J, Zali MR Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

The Optimization of a Rapid Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocol for the Typing of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the most common genotyping method used for the typing of a number of bacterial species. Generally, investigators use their own custom-developed protocol, but a standardized PFGE protocol would allow the comparison of typing results between laboratories and the tracing of strains around the country. In the present study, we optimized a PFGE protocol for subtyping of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., which are commonly isolated from nosocomial infections in many hospitals. Reproducibility of our PFGE procedure was studied three times at 2- to 3-week ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Durmaz R, Otlu B, Koksal F, Hosoglu S, Ozturk R, Ersoy Y, Aktas E, Gursoy NC, Caliskan A Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

The Bactericidal Efficacy of a Photocatalytic TiO(2) Particle Mixture with Oxidizer against Staphylococcus aureus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
By proving the bactericidal effects of a low-concentration titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particle mixture against Staphylococcus aureus, we hope to ultimately apply a mixture of this type as part of a clinical treatment regimen. A bacterial suspension of S. aureus 1 x 10(5) CFU/ml was added dropwise to a TiO(2) particle mixture (19 ppm TiO(2)) and irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) light. The colony-forming units were counted and the bacterial survival rate was calculated. In the control sample, the bacterial survival rate was 83.3% even after 120 min. In the TiO(2) mixture + UV sample, the bacteria count dropped sharply, reac...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Asahara T, Koseki H, Tsurumoto T, Shiraishi K, Shindo H, Baba K, Taoda H, Terasaki N Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

An unusual autopsy case of pyogenic liver abscess caused by periodontal bacteria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) formation is thought to originate from the transmission of infection via three major routes including the biliary tract, portal vein and hepatic artery. However, about 50% of PLA cases are considered to be cryptogenic. Here we report an unusual autopsy case of PLA associated with periodontopathic bacterial infection. A 59-year-old female suddenly developed cardiopulmonary arrest and died. Despite macroscopic and microscopic examinations, the infectious routes and source of infection were unidentified, and the case appeared to be cryptogenic. Since this patient had suffered severe periodonti...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ohyama H, Nakasho K, Yamanegi K, Noiri Y, Kuhara A, Kato-Kogoe N, Yamada N, Hata M, Nishimura F, Ebisu S, Terada N Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

In Vitro Activity of Linezolid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isoalted from Western Turkey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the linezolid susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Izmir. A total of 67 M. tuberculosis strains (33 multidrug-resistant [MDR] and 34 non-MDR) were isolated and identified by the Tuberculosis Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University. The activity of linezolid was studied by the standard agar proportion method. For all of the strains, the MIC range was 0.06-1 mg/L, and the MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were 0.5 mg/L. No differences were observed between the MDR and non-MDR isolates. In gener...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ermertcan S, Hosgor-Limoncu M, Erac B, Tasli H, Cavusoglu C, Bozkurt H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Usefulness of Phage Open-Reading Frame Typing Method in an Epidemiological Study of an Outbreak of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, in the strain population studied, POT is a more rapid and discriminatory method than PFGE, and is a useful epidemiological tool for evaluating the available clinical information. PMID: 19762991 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nada T, Yagi T, Ohkura T, Morishita Y, Baba H, Ohta M, Suzuki M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Tuberculosis complicated by diabetes mellitus at shanghai pulmonary hospital, china.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) has been implied for a long time. We previously reported that KDP type 1 diabetic rats and GK type 2 diabetic rats are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. As a next step, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 2,141 patients with pulmonary TB newly diagnosed during the period from 2008 to 2009 to evaluate the influence of DM on the drug response rate and the long-term relapse rate of TB. There were 203 DM patients with TB (type 1 DM, 7 [3.4%]; type 2 DM, 196 [96.6%]). The TB relapse rate (2 years after discharge) was higher in...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zhang Q, Xiao H, Sugawara I Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

The effects of an hsp90 inhibitor on the paradoxical effect.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that radicicol, a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, reduces the paradoxical effect of micafungin. We also confirm that radicicol reduces the tolerance to voriconazole, one of the new azoles, which is consistent with a previous report. Our results may therefore imply that common stress responses might exist in the paradoxical resistance to micafungin and also the tolerance to voriconazole, and may suggest that inhibiting Hsp90-related stress responses could help to avoid potential resistances. PMID: 19762993 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kaneko Y, Ohno H, Imamura Y, Kohno S, Miyazaki Y Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Detection of a novel recombinant norovirus from sewage water in toyama prefecture, Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently, the recombination event of norovirus (NoV) has been reported with high frequency, suggesting that RNA recombination is a major driving force in NoV evolution. To assess the incidence of NoV recombination in a residential area, we conducted a molecular biological survey of NoVs existing in sewage water in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Although GII/4 was predominantly detected in sewage water that was associated with a high frequency of outbreaks caused by this genotype, other genotypes, including two types of recombinant strain, were identified during the survey period. One of the recombinants is the WUG1 type, wh...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nakamura K, Iwai M, Zhang J, Obara M, Horimoto E, Hasegawa S, Kurata T, Takizawa T Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Epidemiology of influenza from 2007 to 2008 in naha area, okinawa prefecture: surveillance of rapid antigen test results.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The incidence of influenza in the Naha city area in the southernmost part of Japan was surveyed in 2007 and 2008. Patients who had influenza-like symptoms and visited one of four general hospitals in Naha City, Okinawa, Japan were included in this study. The nasal or throat swab samples were applied to the rapid test for detecting influenza A and B virus antigens. The positive rate of influenza A and/or B virus antigen was 26.2% (8,480/32,380). Most cases (82.9%) were influenza A. In 2007, influenza A cases were detected during the entire year, and an epidemic peak was also noted in July, while no outbreak occurred in ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Higa F, Naka M, Tateyama M, Haranaga S, Yara S, Koide M, Yamane N, Fujita J Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Bacterial cell surface display: a method for studying Japanese encephalitis virus pathogenicity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne, neurotropic flavivirus, may cause acute encephalitis in humans. Recombinant Salmonella typhimurium BRD509 was constructed to display domain III of the envelope (E) protein of JEV (JEDIII) on its surface with the N-terminal domain of ice nucleation protein (INPN) as the display motif. Bacterial cell surface display was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Binding of recombinant INPN-JEDIII and JEDIII proteins to three mammalian cell lines was compared using a cell-binding ELISA; the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH, ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Dou J, Daly J, Yuan Z, Jing T, Solomon T Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Detection of IgM Antibodies against Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 in Malaysian Blood Donors and Patients with Respiratory Illnesses: Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19762997 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tay ST, Lakhbeer Singh HK, Ramasame SD, Vadivelu J Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Two Parameters Characterizing 2009 H1N1 Swine Influenza Epidemic in Different Countries/Regions of the World.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19762998 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Yoshikura H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Prevalent bacterial infections in intensive care units of shiraz university of medical sciences teaching hospitals, shiraz, iran.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, over a 6-month period, the prevalence of infections and mortality rates among ICU patients, the predominant organisms and their resistance patterns were determined in a cross-sectional study. Samples of all the patients hospitalized longer than 48 h in two Shiraz university teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, were microbiologically cultured, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method. We studied 123 specimens from 89 patients aged 1 month to 80 years (38.3-/+13.4), and among them 46 patients (51.7%; 95% CI, 41.3-62.1%) showed infection based on culture and clinical findin...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hassanzadeh P, Motamedifar M, Hadi N Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Genetic Changes of Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 Isolated from Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Patients in Toyama, Japan between 1981 and 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We characterized the genetic diversity of the complete VP1 region of coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) isolated from patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Toyama from 1981 to 2007 to evaluate the relationship between epidemics and genetic changes. The predominant genogroups of CA16 changed from B to C in 1995-1998, and genogroup C further changed from subgenogroup C1 to C2 around 2002, and to C3 in 2005-2007. The subgenogroups of the EV71 isolates were classified into B1, B4, C1, and C3 in 1983-1994, and into C4 in 1997-2006. However, changes of the amino acid sequences of the VP1 regions of ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Iwai M, Masaki A, Hasegawa S, Obara M, Horimoto E, Nakamura K, Tanaka Y, Endo K, Tanaka K, Ueda J, Shiraki K, Kurata T, Takizawa T Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Assay of Chlamydia pneumoniae-Specific IgM Antibodies by ELISA Method--Reduction of Non-Specific Reaction and Resetting of Serological Criteria by Measuring IgM Antibodies--.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, we tried to reduce the non-specific reactions for measuring anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae IgM antibodies by the ELISA kit of HITAZYME C. pneumoniae Ab-IgM (HITAZYME IgM) by using a new absorbent. We also tried to reset the IgM cut-off index (ID) of HITAZYME IgM by testing serum samples from healthy children and healthy adults with no respiratory symptoms. The results suggest that the use of the new absorbent (anti-human IgG antibodies) may reduce the non-specific reactions by rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear antibodies, and that the setting of the higher cut-off ID (2.00), calculated as the mean ID+...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kishimoto T, Ando S, Numazaki K, Ouchi K, Yamazaki T, Nakahama C Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Bacterial contamination of blood and blood components in three major blood transfusion centers, accra, ghana.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and its products at the three major blood transfusion centers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Stored whole blood and its products were cultured on different media, and isolates were identified using standard biochemical and bacteriological methods. The susceptibility of the isolates to selected antimicrobial agents was also determined by the disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence rate was 9% (28/303; whole blood, 13% [24/192]; plasma, 3% [2/79]; platelet, 9% [2/22]). The Gram-positive bacteria isolated were coagulase-negat...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Adjei AA, Kuma GK, Tettey Y, Ayeh-Kumi PF, Opintan J, Apeagyei F, Ankrah JO, Adiku TK, Narter-Olaga EG Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Molecular Characterization of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Guangdong, China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to characterize 160 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Guangdong with respect to their drug susceptibility phenotypes to three common anti-tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF) and streptomycin (SM), and with respect to genetic mutations in the most commonly corresponding resistance genes (katG, rpoB and rpsL). The drug susceptibility profiles were evaluated by the absolute concentration method, and genetic mutations in the corresponding resistance genes were identified by DNA sequencing. Among these isolates, 33.1% (53/160) were drug-resistant. The percentages of ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wang YC, Zhu RY, Xu YY, Zhao MQ, Liu YH, Li B, Chen JD Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Community-based seroepidemiology of diphtheria and tetanus in edirne, Turkey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and correlates of diphtheria and tetanus in Edirne, Turkey. Tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among 99 participants, a diphtheria antitoxin level of >0.1 IU/mL was found in 97 (98%), while 2 (2%) had antitoxin levels of 0.011-0.099 IU/mL. The geometric mean titres (GMTs) in men were statistically higher. Among 295 participants, a tetanus antitoxin level of >0.1 IU/mL was found in 291 (98.6%), while 4 (1.4%) had antitoxin levels of 0.011-0.099 IU/mL. Participants who had completed secondary school o...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tansel O, Ekuklu G, Eker A, Kunduracilar H, Yulugkural Z, Yuksel P Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Detection of rotavirus RNA and antigens in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from diarrheic children with seizures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Group A rotavirus (GARV) genes (the VP7 and NSP3 genes) in acute-phase cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sera and stool samples from 6 children with convulsions accompanied by GARV gastroenteritis were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). When the VP7 gene was amplified from the samples, the G genotype (G type) of GARV was determined by RT-PCR. GARV genes were detected in the CSF samples of all 6 children, in 2 of the 3 blood samples, and in all of 4 stool samples. The G typing of GARV from 12 of a total of 13 samples indicated that G3 was the predominant G type in all samples. GARV antige...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Liu B, Fujita Y, Arakawa C, Kohira R, Fuchigami T, Mugishima H, Kuzuya M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

The frequency, activation, and coreceptor expression of lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients in china.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the frequency, activation, and coreceptor expression of lymphocytes in Chinese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients, and to study the impact of HCV on immune status and disease progression of HIV infection. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the numbers of T cells and NK cells, the level of activation and the coreceptors of T lymphocytes in different disease stages among 110 HIV/HCV co-infected and 101 HIV mono-infected patients. With disease progression, co-infected patients expressed lower numbers of CD4 T-cells and NK cells, and...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shi W, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Liu J, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Jin X, Han X, Shang H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Escherichia coli Pathotypes Associated with Diarrhea in Romanian Children Younger than 5 Years of Age.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To document the association of pathogenic Escherichia coli with diarrhea in Romanian children, 250 E. coli fecal isolates from children under 5 years of age were PCR-screened for well-recognized virulence determinants, as well as for their phylogenetic background. The putative diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) were investigated for susceptibility to various antibiotics. Overall, 61 E. coli isolates were classified as enteroaggregative E. coli (29 isolates), atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (22 isolates), enterotoxigenic E. coli (8 isolates), and verotoxin-producing E. coli (1 isolate), and one isolate was categorized as unc...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Usein CR, Tatu-Chitoiu D, Ciontea S, Condei M, Damian M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Dispersal of a Blow Fly, Calliphora nigribarbis, in Relation to the Dissemination of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A mark-release-recapture study of the dispersal ability of blow flies, Calliphora nigribarbis, was conducted in Ikumo-Naka, Ato Town, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan in December 2004. A location where a fatal avian influenza outbreak had occurred 1 year previously was selected for the present study. A total of 3,884 C. nigribarbis were collected, 1,915 of which were marked and released from 4 different collection sites during 2 successive days. The recapture rate of the released C. nigribarbis ranged from 0.014 to 0.029 among the collection sites, and the overall recapture rate was calculated as 0.022. Based on the distanc...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tsuda Y, Hayashi T, Higa Y, Hoshino K, Kasai S, Tomita T, Kurahashi H, Kobayashi M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Erroneous Reporting of Vancomycin Susceptibility for Staphylococcus spp. by Vitek Software Version 2.01.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The reporting of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus spp. has enormous therapeutic and epidemiological consequences. We evaluated Vitek software version 2.01 by the CLSI-recommended broth dilution method as well as the CDC-recommended vancomycin screen agar and Etest for vancomycin susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus spp. Of the 105 isolates of Staphylococci tested by the above methods, Vitek 2.01 gave 16 (15%) a false vancomycin intermediate/resistant phenotype. Laboratories using automated systems for routine microbiological susceptibility testing must confirm such resistance by validated methods. PMID: ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Behera B, Mathur P Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

False Negative Results of QuantiFERON TB-2G Test in Patients with Active Tuberculosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ten of 140 patients (7.1%) showed negative results on a QFT-2G test. The 10 patients consisted of seven males and three females (mean age: 66.0 years old). Three of the 10 patients had no clinical symptoms and no underlying diseases. They showed negative results on the QFT-2G test repeatedly within 1 month and a negative response on a tuberculin skin test (TST). Six of the seven remaining patients were of advanced age, and all of them had underlying diseases. Although all seven patients showed negative results on the QFT-2G test repeatedly within 1 month, one of them showed a negative response on TST. The lymphocyte co...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kobashi Y, Shimizu H, Ohue Y, Mouri K, Obase Y, Miyashita N, Oka M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Clinical and molecular characterization of chikungunya virus in South Thailand.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 2008, an outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) occurred in Narathiwat province, south Thailand. To determine the clinical significance, molecular epidemiology and evolutionary origin of the CHIKV causing this outbreak, 47 patients who had been admitted to Narathiwatratchanakharin provincial hospital due to acute febrile illness were enrolled in this study. Sera were tested for IgM antibodies, and RT-PCR was performed for CHIKV and dengue virus. We diagnosed 10 patients with CHIKV infection and 5 with dengue virus infection. Joint pain is a significant symptom of chikungunya fever. Five strains of CHIKV were isolated...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Theamboonlers A, Rianthavorn P, Praianantathavorn K, Wuttirattanakowit N, Poovorawan Y Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Serum or Bile Affects the In Vitro Azole Susceptibilities of Candida spp.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drug susceptibility tests were performed with a series of Candida spp. in media supplemented with serum or bile. The azole susceptibilities of several medically important Candida spp., including C. albicans but not C. parapsilosis, were significantly reduced in supplemented media. These findings have important implications for the mechanisms of acquired azole resistance in pathogenic fungi. PMID: 19628912 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nagi M, Tanabe K, Takano Y, Kikuchi K, Miyazaki Y, Niimi M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones from a Teaching Hospital in Tehran.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A total of 52 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates were collected from patients attending the teaching hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Disks containing antibiotics were used to determine the susceptibility of MRSA isolates. Analysis of SmaI macrorestriction profiles of the 52 MRSA isolates were grouped into three PFGE types. The majority of isolates (n=49) were clustered into only one major PFGE type, designated as pulsotype A; these belonged to SCCmec type III or IIIA and showed resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetr...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fatholahzadeh B, Emaneini M, Aligholi M, Gilbert G, Taherikalani M, Jonaidi N, Eslampour MA, Feizabadi MM Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in salmonella isolated from patients with overseas travelers' diarrhea in Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Twenty-eight of the 302 Salmonella strains isolated from patients with overseas travelers' diarrhea who were examined at Kansai Airport Department Station during the 6-year period between 2001 and 2007 showed decreased susceptibility to both nalidixic acid (NA) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) (MIC of NA, 16-64 microg/mL; MIC of CPFX, 0.064-2.0 microg/mL). These 28 strains revealed no variations in the quinolone resistance-determining region; however, 25 of the strains showed retention of the qnr gene. The qnr-retaining Salmonella belonged to 6 serotypes, and 21 and 4 of the 25 strains showed qnrS1 and qnrS2, respectively. The...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Taguchi M, Kawahara R, Seto K, Inoue K, Hayashi A, Yamagata N, Kamakura K, Kashiwagi E Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Isolation of Shiga Toxin 2f-Producing Escherichia coli (O115:HNM) from an Adult Symptomatic Patient in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Shiga toxin 2f-producing Escherichia coli (O115:HNM) with eae was isolated from a symptomatic patient in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The patient was a 23-year-old male and his symptoms were diarrhea, abdominal pain, headaches and a fever (37.7C). He had eaten raw chicken meat, raw chicken eggs, cooked chicken meat and raw vegetables about 13 h prior to the onset of the symptoms. The patient's specimen was examined, and no diarrheagenic agents were detected except for Shiga toxin 2f-producing E. coli (STEC(2f)) with eae. This is the first report of the serotype O115:HNM possessing stx(2f). We discuss the necessity of rou...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Etoh Y, Murakami K, Ichihara S, Sera N, Hamasaki M, Takenaka S, Horikawa K, Kawano K, Takeishi T, Kuwana Y, Inoue A, Nagatsu Y, Hira Y, Takahashi M, Ito K Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Prevalence and Properties of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among Healthy Individuals in Osaka City, Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The etiological roles of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), including enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) and EAST1EC--a strain of E. coli that possesses no diarrheagenic characteristics other than the EAggEC heat-stable toxin 1 (EAST1) gene--remain controversial. To clarify the prevalence of DEC among healthy individuals in Osaka City, Japan, and to compare the virulence properties of strains previously isolated from diarrheal patients, fecal specimens were examined for DEC. Isolation rates of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, and EAggEC were significantly low...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fujihara S, Arikawa K, Aota T, Tanaka H, Nakamura H, Wada T, Hase A, Nishikawa Y Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Detection of Paragonimus Metacercariae in the Japanese Freshwater Crab, Geothelphusa dehaani, Bought at Retail Fish Markets in Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19628917 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sugiyama H, Umehara A, Morishima Y, Yamasaki H, Kawanaka M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Genotypic and phylogenetic analysis of the g gene of respiratory syncytial virus isolates in okinawa, Japan, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19628918 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nakamura M, Itokazu K, Taira K, Kawaki T, Kudaka J, Nidaira M, Okano S, Koja Y, Tamanaha K, Kimura H, Noda M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

A Case of Afebrile Pneumonia Caused by Non-Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19628919 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Honma Y, Yoshii Y, Watanabe Y, Aoki N, Komiya T, Iwaki M, Arai H, Arakawa Y, Takahashi M, Kimura H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Studies of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for HIV-1-discordant couples using washed sperm and the nested PCR method: a comparison of the pregnancy rates in hiv-1-discordant couples and control couples.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the efficacy and safety of assisted reproduction techniques with the sperm-washing method and nested PCR assay were evaluated in HIV-1-discordant couples, as many HIV-1-positive people of reproductive age are getting married and wish to have children safely. Twenty-seven HIV-1-discordant couples (husband, positive; wife, negative) were enrolled in this study. The spermatozoa were separated from semen samples by density gradient centrifugation and the swim-up method. HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA were checked using nested PCR with a detection limit of one copy before fertilization and before embryo transfer. Cli...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kashima K, Takakuwa K, Suzuki M, Makino M, Kaneko S, Kato S, Hanabusa H, Tanaka K Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance patterns and integrons in human fecal Escherichia coli in Taiwan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two hundred and twenty-five fecal strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 109 non-hospitalized adults in 2006 were investigated for susceptibility to antibiotics and for the presence of integrons. High resistance rates in fecal strains of E. coli were observed for streptomycin (52.0%), ampicillin (50.2%), piperacillin (50.2%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (47.6%) and chloramphenicol (33.8%). Integrons were found in 31.5% (71/225) of the strains using an integrase gene PCR assay. Among 71 integrase-positive strains, 65 strains belonged to class 1 integrons, while the remainder belonged to class 2. Gene cassette patte...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Yang CM, Lin MF, Lin CH, Huang YT, Hsu CT, Liou ML Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Mycobacterium avium complex organisms predominantly colonize in the bathtub inlets of patients' bathrooms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Medical treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease does not always provide curative effects and is frequently hampered by recurrence. This suggests the presence of a reservoir for MAC in the environment surrounding patients. We previously reported the recovery of MAC isolates from the residential bathrooms of outpatients. In the present study, to ascertain the colonizing sites and the possibility of an MAC reservoir in the bathrooms of patients, we tested the recovery and the genetic diversity of MAC isolates from 6 sites of specimens, including 2 additional sampling sites, inside the showerhead a...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nishiuchi Y, Tamura A, Kitada S, Taguri T, Matsumoto S, Tateishi Y, Yoshimura M, Ozeki Y, Matsumura N, Ogura H, Maekura R Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Rapid detection of rabies virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was established which can detect 10(3) copies of viral RNA corresponding to approximately 5 fg of RNA. RT-LAMP with the Phil primer set designed according to the nucleotide sequences obtained from a Kyoto patient who contracted rabies in the Philippines was able to amplify all 16 street viral sequences derived from the Philippines. The specificity of RT-LAMP products was easily confirmed by digestion with RsaI restriction enzyme. The reaction of RT-LAMP could be completed within 1 h and could be conducted under isothermal conditions using...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Boldbaatar B, Inoue S, Sugiura N, Noguchi A, Orbina JR, Demetria C, Miranda ME, Yamada A Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Group B Streptococcus infection: epidemiology, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of selected isolates in the population beyond infancy (excluding females with genital tract- and pregnancy-related isolates) at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection was studied in 49 patients collected at convenience (convenience sampling), excluding infants and women with genital tract- and pregnancy-related isolates, according to the availability of stocked isolates and easy accessibility to epidemiological data. The data were examined both prospectively and retrospectively from 2003-2005 at a tertiary-level multidisciplinary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Skin and soft-tissue infections in 35 patients (71.4%) were the most common clinical presentation, while diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying condition (35 patients, 71.4%...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Karunakaran R, Raja NS, Hafeez A, Puthucheary SD Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaques of patients in Tehran, Iran.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Persistent infection of arteries with organisms such as Chlamydia pneumoniae was previously found to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. We investigate the presence of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaque by polymerase chain reaction and direct immunofluorescence assay, and we examine the correlation between clinical status and the presence of this bacterium in Iran. The study group consisted of 33 atherosclerotic plaque specimens from the arteries (26 coronary and 7 abdominal aorta) of patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). The control group consisted of 31 specimen...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Dabiri H, Rezadehbashi M, Badami N, Aghanouri R, Ahmadi H, Khoramizadeh MR, Emaneini M, Izadi M, Zali MR Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Relationships between multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund and both broiler chickens and retail chicken meats in Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined 29 isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Schwarzengrund from broiler chickens (n=19) and retail chicken meats (n=10) in Japan for antimicrobial susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiling. All isolates exhibited resistance to both bicozamycin and sulfadimethoxine (minimum inhibitory concentration of both antimicrobial agents: >512 microg/ml). Nalidixic acid resistance was found in only one broiler chicken isolate. PFGE analysis showed that there were two genotypes among S. Schwarzengrund isolates. Isolates from 11 of 19 broiler chickens and from 6 of 10 retail c...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Asai T, Murakami K, Ozawa M, Koike R, Ishikawa H Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Bathwater-associated cases of legionellosis in Japan, with a special focus on Legionella concentrations in water.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To evaluate the relationship between the incidence of legionellosis and Legionella concentrations in bathwater, we sent a questionnaire to 76 prefectural and municipal public health laboratories in Japan and found that 35 had encountered cases of legionellosis and had implemented investigations to determine the sources of the infections. Based on the results of the questionnaire, we were able to analyze various characteristics of the patients, of the facilities that were thought to be associated with the cases, and of the species and serogroups of the isolates and concentrations of Legionella. Ninety-six cases were inc...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kuroki T, Ishihara T, Ito K, Kura F Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis cured by antibiotics alone: a case and literature review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the case of an 86-year-old woman with bilateral EPN cured by antibiotic therapy alone, thus avoiding surgery or drainage in a frail elderly patient. PMID: 19468182 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shigemura K, Yasufuku T, Yamashita M, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Epidemiological and molecular studies of measles at different clusters in hokkaido district, Japan, 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 2007 eight epidemic clusters (more than 15 cases in each) and other sporadic cases of measles occurred in Hokkaido district, Japan. A total of 850 cases were identified. Approximately half of them were > or = 15 years of age, resulting in a huge public health problem in the community associated with school closings, and 31% of the cases reported that they already had a history of vaccination. Of 28 isolates of the measles virus detected, all were identified as genotype D5, identical to the type isolated in other areas of Japan, suggesting that a highly homologous measles virus circulated in Japan. The occurrence ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 30, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nagano H, Jinushi M, Tanabe H, Yamaguchi R, Okano M Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals