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Illness behaviors in patients with unexplained chronic fatigue are associated with significant other responsesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relationship between significant other responses and patient outcomes in patients with unexplained CF. Questionnaire data were collected from 117 patients on physical function, fatigue, pain, illness behaviors and responses of significant others to them, and depression. Ninety-four SOs reported their perceptions of patient illness behavior and their responses. Thirty-seven of these dyads also completed a series of household activities while being videotaped. Dyadic interactions were coded and analyzed. Both reported and observed solicitous responses by the significant other were associated with...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - November 13, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Taking into account the observers’ uncertainty: a graduated approach to the credibility of the patient’s pain evaluationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents two experiments aiming to investigate the adoption of a graduated measure to describe credibility attribution by observers who evaluate patients’ pain accounts. A total of 160 medical students were required to express a credibility judgment on the pain intensity level of hypothetical patients. We used 16 vignettes based on a factorial mixed-design. Within-participants factors were the reported pain, the presence of a physical sign, the patient’s facial expression and the patient’s gender, and between-groups factors were the patient’s age and the geographical distribution of the patient’s...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - November 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Social and cultural factors are related to perceived colorectal cancer screening benefits and intentions in African AmericansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Models that explain preventive behaviors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, do not account for social and cultural factors relevant to African Americans. This exploratory study examined the relationship between socio-cultural factors (e.g., traditional acculturative strategy, group-based medical mistrust, physician ethnicity, and group-level perceptions of susceptibility) and perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and CRC screening intentions among African Americans (N = 198; Age: M = 59.7, SD = 9.9; 65% female; 44% household income $50,000+). Hierarchical mult...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Prayer and reverence in naturalistic, aesthetic, and socio-moral contexts predicted fewer complications following coronary artery bypassEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This prospective study explores prayer, reverence, and other aspects of faith in postoperative complications and hospital length of stay of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Alongside traditional religiousness measures, we examined sense of reverence in religious and secular contexts. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 177 patients 2 weeks before surgery at a medical center. Medical variables were retrieved from the national Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ Database. Logistic and multiple regression models were performed to predict outcomes. Prayer frequencies we...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Adherence is a multi-dimensional construct in the POUNDS LOST trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Research on the conceptualization of adherence to treatment has not addressed a key question: Is adherence best defined as being a uni-dimensional or multi-dimensional behavioral construct? The primary aim of this study was to test which of these conceptual models best described adherence to a weight management program. This ancillary study was conducted as a part of the POUNDS LOST trial that tested the efficacy of four dietary macronutrient compositions for promoting weight loss. A sample of 811 overweight/obese adults was recruited across two clinical sites, and each participant was randomly assi...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Posttraumatic growth among cancer patients in IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Cancer patients sometimes report positive life changes in addition to more harrowing ones. Theoretically, several cognitive processes are thought to contribute to posttraumatic growth, but few studies have examined these relationships empirically among cancer patients. Moreover, most research has been conducted in western developed countries. This preliminary study offered a novel examination of posttraumatic growth and its cognitive correlates among cancer patients in western India. As hypothesized, in bivariate analyses perceived growth was significantly associated with greater meaning-focused cop...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Pre-intervention distress moderates the efficacy of psychosocial treatment for cancer patients: a meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This meta-analysis examined whether effects of psychosocial interventions on psychological distress in cancer patients are conditional upon pre-intervention distress levels. Published articles and unpublished dissertations between 1980 and 2005 were searched for interventions reporting the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) or the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Multilevel mixed-effects modeling was used to meta-analyze effect-sizes separately for the HADS (27 trials, 2,424 patients) and STAI (34 trials, 2,029 patients). Pre-intervention distress significantly moderated i...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Pathways between socioeconomic status and modifiable risk factors among African American smokersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although socioeconomic status is a major contributing factor to health disparities, the mechanisms through which socioeconomic status influences health remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate an a priori conceptual model of the pathways between socioeconomic status and modifiable health risk factors in a sample of 399 African Americans seeking smoking cessation treatment. A latent variable modeling approach was utilized to characterize the interrelationships among socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, social support, negative affect/perceived stress, and three spe...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Negative emotions and quality of life six months after cardiac surgery: the dominant role of depression not anxiety symptomsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study adds to previous research by outlining discrete associations between specific HRQOL domains, and is perhaps the first to test a theoretical model of depression and anxiety in relation to cardiac CABG patients’ perceptions of HRQOL. These findings encourage further research on negative emotions and HRQOL in cardiac surgery patients and the practical implications of these findings are discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9225-4Authors Phillip J. Tully, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University Cardiac and Thoracic Surgical Unit, Department of Medicine Level 6 Flinders Priva...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Investigating the role of appearance-based factors in predicting sunbathing and tanning salon useEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract UV exposure via sunbathing and utilization of sun lamps and tanning beds are considered important risk factors for the development of skin cancer. Psychosocial models of UV exposure are often based on theories of health behavior, but theory from the body image field can be useful as well. The current study examines models that prospectively predict sunbathing and indoor tanning behaviors using constructs and interrelationships derived from the tripartite theory of body image, theory of reasoned action, health belief model, revised protection motivation theory, and a proposed integration of several h...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - August 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Religiousness/spirituality and health behaviors in younger adult cancer survivors: does faith promote a healthier lifestyle?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Positive health behaviors are crucial to cancer survivors’ well-being, yet little is known about the personal factors that may facilitate positive health behaviors. The current study focuses on the association of religion/spirituality (R/S) and health behaviors, examining links between health behaviors and religious attendance, daily spiritual experiences, and religious struggle in a sample of 167 younger adult survivors of a variety of cancers. The extent to which positive affect (self-assurance) and negative affect (guilt/shame) mediate these links was also investigated. Results revealed that re...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Using community-based participatory research to identify potential interventions to overcome barriers to adolescents’ healthy eating and physical activityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Using a community-based participatory research approach, we explored adolescent, parent, and community stakeholder perspectives on barriers to healthy eating and physical activity, and intervention ideas to address adolescent obesity. We conducted 14 adolescent focus groups (n = 119), 8 parent focus groups (n = 63), and 28 interviews with community members (i.e., local experts knowledgeable about youth nutrition and physical activity). Participants described ecological and psychosocial barriers in neighborhoods (e.g., lack of accessible nutritious food), in schools (e.g., poor qu...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - June 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Emotional support and gender in people living with HIV: effects on psychological well-beingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Current research indicates that emotional support is strongly associated with physical and psychological adjustment in persons living with HIV/AIDS. While gender-differences in health and health behaviors of HIV positive patients are well studied, less is known about how men and women living with HIV/AIDS may differentially perceive and integrate support into their lives, and how it subsequently affects their psychological well-being. This cross-sectional study examines how emotional support received from partners and family/friends and gender explains psychological well-being (i.e., stress, depress...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - June 19, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Functional impairment and health care utilization among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: the relationship with depression and post-traumatic stressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relationship of post-traumatic and depressive symptom severity with measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and health care utilization in a sample of 503 HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited in their primary HIV care setting. Participants completed computer assisted assessments of mood and anxiety, HRQOL, and HIV treatment. Peripheral blood CD4 (T helper) lymphocyte count, plasma HIV RNA concentration, and number of medical appointments were extracted from an electronic medical record. Controlling for demographics, disease stage, and antiretroviral medication, post...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - June 13, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Successful weight loss with self-help: A stepped-care approachEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In a stepped-care approach to treatment, patients are transitioned to more intensive treatments when less intensive treatments fail to meet treatment goals. Self-help programs are recommended as an initial, low intensity treatment phase in stepped-care models. This investigation examined the effectiveness of a self-help, stepped-care weight loss program. Fifty-eight overweight/obese adults (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) participated in a weight loss program. Participants were predominately Caucasian (93.1%) and female (89.7%) with a mean BMI of 36.6 (SD = 7.1). Of those completing the p...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - June 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Skin cancer-related prevention and screening behaviors: a review of the literatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Primary prevention and early detection continue to be of paramount importance in addressing the public health threat of skin cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and correlates of skin cancer-related health behaviors in the general population. To achieve this aim, 91 studies published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past three decades were reviewed and synthesized. Reported estimates of sunscreen use varied considerably across studies, ranging from 7 to 90%. According to self-report, between 23 and 61% of individuals eng...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - June 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

The association among depressive symptoms, smoking status and antidepressant use in cardiac outpatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrated that smokers and quitters with CAD had greater depressive symptoms and use of antidepressants than non-smokers, but that the antidepressants utilized may not be optimizing outcomes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9218-3Authors Shannon Gravely-Witte, York University Faculty of Health Norman Bethune 222B, 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 CanadaDonna E. Stewart, University Health Network Women’s Health Program Toronto ON CanadaNeville Suskin, London Health Sciences Centre London ON CanadaSherry L. Grace, York University Faculty of Health Norman Bethune 222B, 4700 Keele St T...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - June 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Toward prevention of alcohol exposed pregnancies: characteristics that relate to ineffective contraception and risky drinkingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Alcohol-exposed pregnancy is a leading cause of preventable birth defects in the United States. This paper describes the motivational patterns that relate to risky drinking and ineffective contraception, two behaviors that can result in alcohol-exposed pregnancy. As part of an intervention study aimed at reducing alcohol-exposed pregnancy 124 women were recruited and reported demographic characteristics, readiness to change, stages of change, drinking, contraception, and sexual behavior history. Our results showed the following. Drinking: A significant positive correlation was found between the numb...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - May 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

The structure of dyadic support among couples with and without long-term disabilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines support relationships among 65 couples in which the husband had a long-term spinal cord injury, and a comparison group of 65 couples without disability. Based on facet theory, we constructed a mapping sentence that forms a definitional framework for couple support, and developed a detailed inventory to assess attitudes regarding mutual support in couple relations, the sense of support availability, support behaviors of giving and receiving, the degree to which the support meets one’s needs, response to received support, and preference for support from within the couple and from external sources. T...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - May 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Motivation for blood donation among African Americans: developing measures for stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy constructsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes the development and validation of culturally adapted measures of the transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs of Stage of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-efficacy applied to blood donation in an African American sample. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses produced one pros and two cons scales for the Decisional Balance Inventory, and one scale for the Situational Self-efficacy Measure. Expected patterns for the Decisional Balance and Self-efficacy Scales by Stage of Change were found, but only the pros and one cons scale varied significantly. Results provide support for use of the TTM applie...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Effect of a brief, regular telephone intervention by paraprofessionals for type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the effects of a brief, regular, proactive, telephone “coaching” intervention delivered by paraprofessionals on diabetes adherence, glycemic control, diabetes-related medical symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Therapeutic mechanisms underlying the intervention’s effect on the primary outcomes were also examined. Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (N = 62) were randomly assigned to receive the “coaching” intervention and treatment as usual, or only treatment as usual. The intervention increased frequency of exercise and feet inspection, improved diet, reduced diabetes medical ...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Physician challenges in communicating bad newsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Communicating bad news is never easy and for physicians these interactions may be a significant source of stress. To examine the characteristics that make delivering of bad news stressful, two studies were conducted. In the first study, 37 physicians generated 192 responses describing the characteristics that influence how difficult it is to break bad news. After sorting the responses in terms of common themes, six categories were identified: Physician, Patient, Institutional, Illness, Relationship, and Mishap. In Study 2, 115 physicians rated the degree of stress associated with each factor. Using ...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

A longitudinal investigation of coping strategies and quality of life among younger women with breast cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract It is generally assumed that coping strategies impact quality of life (QOL). It is plausible that QOL determines use of coping strategies. This research examines coping strategies over time and the reciprocal relationship between coping strategies and QOL among younger women with breast cancer. Women with breast cancer (N = 267; mean age = 43 years) completed surveys within 6 months of diagnosis and 6 weeks and 6 months later. Surveys included questions on coping strategies, QOL, medical factors, and sociodemographics. Positive cognitive restructuring was the m...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

The relationship between neuropsychological functioning and HAART adherence in HIV-positive adults: a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Combination antiretroviral therapy has helped extend the lives of persons infected with HIV; however, the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens depends, in part, on the consistency with which the medications are taken. In this paper, we review 11 empirical studies conducted in Western developed nations that utilized psychometrically valid neuropsychological measures to examine the relationship between cognitive functioning and HAART adherence. In general, impaired neuropsychological functioning—particularly within the domains of executive functioning and problem solving...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Interaction of intensity and order regarding painful eventsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract While stimulus intensity obviously affects degree of pain responding, presentation order effects of stimuli of different intensities on acute pain responses are under-researched. The present study examined the effects of manipulating presentation order of lower and higher pain stimulus intensity. Using 96 undergraduates, this investigation employed a 2 × 2 mixed research design, with pain stimulus sequence as a between-subjects variable and pain stimulus trial as a repeated measure. When the greater pain stimulus intensity was presented last, verbal report of pain was higher. Also, perfor...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

The effectiveness of hypnosis for reducing procedure-related pain in children and adolescents: a comprehensive methodological reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A comprehensive, methodologically informed review of studies of the effectiveness of hypnosis for reducing procedure-related pain in children and adolescents is provided. To be included in the review, studies were required to use a between-subjects or mixed model design in which hypnosis was compared with a control condition or an alternative intervention in reducing the procedure-related pain of patients younger than age 19. An exhaustive search identified 13 studies satisfying these criteria. Hypnosis was consistently found to be more effective than control conditions in alleviating discomfort ass...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Predicting response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in a sample of HIV-positive patients with chronic painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Non-Caucasian patients reporting higher levels of pain-related anxiety may respond particularly well to treatment. Treatment sessions focused on progressive muscle relaxation and cognitive reconceptualization of pain may be particularly helpful. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9208-5Authors Michael A. Cucciare, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University School of Medicine CHCE 795 Willow Road (152) Menlo Park CA 94025 USAJohn T. Sorrell, San Mateo County Medical Center San Mateo CA USAJodie A. Trafton, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care Syste...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - February 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Individual and community risk factors and sexually transmitted diseases among arrested youths: a two level analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract High rates of infection for chlamydia and gonorrhea have been noted among youths involved in the juvenile justice system. Although both individual and community-level factors have been found to be associated with sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk, their relative importance has not been tested in this population. A two-level logistic regression analysis was completed to assess the influence of individual-level and community-level predictors on STD test results among arrested youths processed at a centralized intake facility. Results from weighted two level logistic regression analyses (n =...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - February 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Spontaneous reactions to health risk feedback: a network perspectiveEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Research on the reception of health risk feedback has focused on the analysis of single, researcher-selected cognitive reactions. The full range of spontaneous reactions and their patterns have received little attention. The present paper explores content, interrelations, and adaptivity of spontaneous reactions to health risk feedback from a network perspective. Participants (n = 423) received blood pressure and cholesterol feedback and listed their thoughts afterwards. A network of reactions to health risk feedback was constructed from the responses. Emotions, risk feedback valence, future...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - February 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Co-occurrence of diabetes and hopelessness predicts adverse prognosis following percutaneous coronary interventionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the impact of co-occurring diabetes and hopelessness on 3-year prognosis in percutaneous coronary intervention patients. Consecutive patients (n = 534) treated with the paclitaxel-eluting stent completed a set of questionnaires at baseline and were followed up for 3-year adverse clinical events. The incidence of 3-year death/non-fatal myocardial infarction was 3.5% in patients with no risk factors (neither hopelessness nor diabetes), 8.2% in patients with diabetes, 11.2% in patients with high hopelessness, and 15.9% in patients with both factors (p = 0.001). Patients with hopelessness (H...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - February 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Use of the social competence interview and the anger transcendence challenge in individuals with alcohol use disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the use of the Social Competence Interview and Anger Transcendence Challenge in a sample of 63 men and women in AUD intensive outpatient treatment. The results support the use of the Social Competence Interview and the Anger Transcendence Challenge with an adult AUD clinical sample, so that these measures may help to advance knowledge about the relationship between interpersonal stress and alcohol relapse. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9201-zAuthors Stephen A. Maisto, Syracuse University Department of Psychology and Center for Health and Behavior 430 Huntington Hall Syracu...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Predictors of adherence to diabetes medications: the role of disease and medication beliefsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Despite the effectiveness of drug therapy in diabetes management high rates of poor adherence persist. The purpose of this study was to identify potentially modifiable patient disease and medication beliefs associated with poor medication adherence among people with diabetes. A cohort of patients with diabetes was recruited from an urban primary-care clinic in New York City. Patients were interviewed in English or Spanish about: disease beliefs, medication beliefs, regimen complexity, diabetes knowledge, depression, self-efficacy, and medication adherence (Morisky scale). Logistic regression was use...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Childhood trauma and adulthood physical health in MexicoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion These findings can be used to increase awareness among general practitioners, as well as community stakeholders, about the prevalence of childhood trauma in Mexican communities and its impact on subsequent physical health outcomes. With this awareness, screening practices could be developed to identify those with trauma histories in order to increase positive health outcomes among trauma survivors. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9199-2Authors Charlene K. Baker, University of Hawaii Department of Psychology 2430 Campus Road, Gartley 110 Honolulu HI 96822 USAFran H. Norri...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Non-pharmacological treatments for insomniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Insomnia is a common disorder effecting millions of people worldwide. Currently most individuals suffering from insomnia take medications to help them sleep. However, there are a variety of behavioral treatments, which have been shown to be effective in empirical studies that offer many advantages over medications. In addition, behavioral treatments have been shown to be more effective long-term than medication. This paper reviews the principles and practice of these behavioral treatments. At the end of the paper there is also a brief discussion of circadian rhythm disorders that can mimic insomnia....
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion Results supported a mediation effect, such that the treatment effect on physical activity was completely mediated by changes in self-efficacy. Although replication is needed, results support the theoretical rationale for targeting self-efficacy to promote physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9200-0Authors Gareth R. Dutton, Florida State University College of Medicine Department of Medical Humanities & Social Sciences 1115 W. Call St. Tallahassee FL 32306 USAFei Tan, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Tallahass...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Acknowledgment of Reviewers, January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AcknowledgmentDOI 10.1007/s10865-008-9197-9 Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine)
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Substance use behaviors as a mediator between posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health in trauma-exposed college studentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Introduction Research within the field of traumatic stress has documented a strong link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adverse physical health outcomes, although the mechanisms contributing to this relationship are unclear. Method The current study examined substance use behaviors as one such mediator in a mixed civilian trauma population. Participants were 136 undergraduates exposed to a variety of civilian traumas. They completed measures assessing trauma exposure, substance use behaviors, and physical health outcomes. Results Moderate correlat...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 13, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Patients’ reasons for electing to undergo total knee arthroplasty impact post-operative pain severity and range of motionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The present study examines the reasons cited by 103 patients for their electing to undergo total knee arthroplastic surgery and the relationship between these reasons and their post-operative pain and range of motion. Results suggest that individuals who describe different reasons for undergoing surgery vary in their post-operative recovery. Specifically, patients who cite pain as the reason they are undergoing surgery report greater levels of pain during the early post-operative period. In contrast, patients who describe goals of regaining mobility or a specific activity as their reason for undergo...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 10, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Coping with racism: a selective review of the literature and a theoretical and methodological critiqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Racism is a stressor that contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in mental and physical health and to variations in these outcomes within racial and ethnic minority groups. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss key issues in the study of individual-level strategies for coping with interpersonal racism. We begin with a discussion of the ways in which racism acts as a stressor and requires the mobilization of coping resources. Next, we examine available models for describing and conceptualizing strategies for coping with racism. Third, we discuss three major forms of coping: racial identi...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Disparities in the provision of medical care: an outcome in search of an explanationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This purpose of this paper is to review the literature on racial/ethnic disparities in the utilization and quality of care and the proposed explanations for these differences. First, the literature on racial/ethnic disparities in medical treatment is reviewed briefly with the goal of providing a sense of the range of procedures and conditions on which these disparities occur. Then, the possible role of physician/provider, patient, and health care system factors in contributing to these disparities is reviewed. Finally, suggestions for new or expanded directions for research in each of these three ar...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - January 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Ecodevelopmental contexts for preventing type 2 diabetes in Latino and other racial/ethnic minority populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and it is now cited along with obesity as a global epidemic. Significant racial/ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence of diabetes within the US, with racial and ethnic minorities disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes and its complications. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic factors influence the development and course of diabetes at multiple levels, including genetic, individual, familial, community and national. From an ecodevelopmental perspective, cultural variables assessed at one level (e.g., family level dietary pract...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - December 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Longitudinal change in chronic fatigue syndrome: what home-based assessments revealEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The purpose of this 2-year prospective study was to compare standard self-report and ecologically-based outcome measures in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Standard measures assessed physical function, fatigue impact, psychological variables, and global impression of change ratings. Ecological measures included actigraphy, a structured activity record, and an electronic fatigue/energy diary. Results for this high functioning sample (N = 75) revealed that self-report global improvement was significantly associated with lower momentary fatigue and fatigue impact, and a higher f...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - December 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

The interaction of locus of control, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy in relation to HbA1c in medically underserved individuals with type 2 diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A common thread among health behavior theories is the importance of perceived control, often defined within the health psychology literature as locus of control. Inconsistencies have been found regarding the role of locus of control in predicting health behaviors. These inconsistencies may be resolved by exploring interactions between internal locus of control and other perceived control constructs such as self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. The present study tested the interaction of internal locus of control, self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in relation to HbA1c in patients with Type 2 diabe...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - December 17, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Race, racism and health: disparities, mechanisms, and interventionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The goals of this special section are to examine the state-of-the-science regarding race/ethnicity and racism as they contribute to health disparities and to articulate a research agenda to guide future research. In the first paper, Myers presents an integrative theoretical framework for understanding how racism, poverty, and other major stressors relate to health through inter-related psychosocial and bio-behavioral pathways. Williams and Mohammed review the evidence concerning associations between racism and health, addressing the multiple levels at which racism can operate and commenting on impor...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - December 17, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

A measure for quality of life assessment in chronic pain: preliminary properties of the WHOQOL-painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Chronic pain has a considerable impact on patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life (QoL). To assess QoL in people with chronic pain, a pain and discomfort module (PDM) was developed for use with the WHOQOL-100 and its psychometric properties assessed. Sixteen items covered four facets on pain relief; anger and frustration; vulnerability, fear and worry; and uncertainty. Chronic low back pain patients (n = 133) (age 56; pain duration 85 months; 65% female) completed the WHOQOL-100 and PDM, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and SF-12. The PDM showed good internal consistency reliabili...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - December 5, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This paper provides a review and critique of empirical research on perceived discrimination and health. The patterns of racial disparities in health suggest that there are multiple ways by which racism can affect health. Perceived discrimination is one such pathway and the paper reviews the published research on discrimination and health that appeared in PubMed between 2005 and 2007. This recent research continues to document an inverse association between discrimination and health. This pattern is now evident in a wider range of contexts and for a broader array of outcomes. Advancing our understand...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - November 23, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Is health anxiety a significant problem for individuals with multiple sclerosis?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the relationship between health anxiety and coping in a sample of people with MS (n = 246). Participants with MS reported higher levels of health anxiety compared to an age-matched control sample. Furthermore, compared to normal levels of health anxiety, participants with MS with elevated health anxiety (around 25%) were differentiated by endorsement of greater use of Emotional Preoccupation and Social Support and less use of Problem-Focused Coping. In addition, participants with elevated health anxiety experienced greater disability and generalized anxiety. We further explored the ov...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - November 18, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Health risk behaviors in relation to making a smoking quit attempt among adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The primary aim of this study was to examine youth risk behaviors in relation to: (a) making a smoking quit attempt, and (b) successful cessation among adolescent smokers. Data were analyzed from the public use dataset of the 2003 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The sample consisted of 2,033 students (weighted mean age of 16.3 years, 49.8% female, 73.6% White) who reported a history of daily smoking. While almost two-thirds (63.5%) of adolescent smokers reported making a quit attempt in the last year, only 10% of those were able to successfully quit. Factors associated with ma...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - November 12, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

Ethnicity- and socio-economic status-related stresses in context: an integrative review and conceptual modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract There continues to be debate about how best to conceptualize and measure the role of exposure to ethnicity-related and socio-economic status-related stressors (e.g. racism, discrimination, class prejudice) in accounting for ethnic health disparities over the lifecourse and across generations. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the evidence of health disparities among ethnic groups, and the major evidence on the role of exposure to ethnicity- and SES-related stressors on health. We then offer a reciprocal and recursive lifespan meta-model that considers the interaction of ethnicity and SES...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - November 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals

A longitudinal study on the role of spirituality in response to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This longitudinal study addressed the role of spirituality in women’s response to breast cancer. Ninety-three women diagnosed with breast cancer were assessed on various measures of image of God, positive attitude, social well-being and emotional distress at pre-diagnosis, 6 months post-surgery and 1 year post-surgery. As compared to women who dropped out of the study, this sample reported religion to be less important in their daily lives. Path analyses showed evidence of direct and indirect effects of positive and negative images of God on emotional distress in cross-sectional but not ...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - November 4, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Source Type: journals