Effects of age and sex on shoulder biomechanics and relative effort during functional tasks
Age-related decline in muscle strength can compromise shoulder function, which could increase the effort needed to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine for the first time the relative shoulder effort during ADLs in healthy young and older adults.Ten healthy young adults and ten healthy older adults were tested for maximal isokinetic torque and a set of ADL tasks. Using inverse dynamics, the shoulder torques during ADLs were referenced to the maximal isokinetic torque and relative effort was determined. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 14, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alessio Murgia, Tibor Hortob ágyi, Annet Wijnen, Larissa Bruin, Ron Diercks, Rienk Dekker Source Type: research

Interaction and Fusion Dynamics between Cellular Blebs
Membrane blebbing, as a mechanism for cells to regulate their internal pressure and membrane tension, is believed to play important roles in processes such as cell migration, spreading and apoptosis. However, the fundamental question of how different blebs interact with each other during their life cycles remains largely unclear. Here, we report a combined theoretical and experimental investigation to examine how the growth and retraction of a cellular bleb are influenced by neighboring blebs as well as the fusion dynamics between them. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 14, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chao Fang, Tsz Hin Hui, Xi Wei, Zishen Yan, Jin Qian, Yuan Lin Source Type: research

Ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm repair induces positive hemodynamic outcomes in a patient with unchanged bicuspid aortic valve
We report a patient-specific case of bicuspid aortic valve with fusion of right and left coronary leaflets (R-L type I BAV), moderate aortic valve deficiency and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA) who was treated by only ascending aorta replacement preserving the BAV. The flow eccentricity, the helicity intensity (h2), the circumferential time averaged wall shear stress (TAWSScirmferential), the cumulative viscous energy loss at the systolic peak () and the pulse wave velocity (PWV) were calculated by combining 4D flow MRI and CFD analysis before (Stage I) and after (Stage II) the surgical procedure. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Francesca Condemi, Salvatore Campisi, Magalie Viallon, Pierre Croisille, Jean-Fran çois Fuzelier, Stéphane Avril Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

A Normative Database of Hip and Knee Joint Biomechanics during Dynamic Tasks using Anatomical Regression Prediction Methods
Many methodologies exist to predict the hip joint center (HJC), of which regression based on anatomical landmarks appear most common. Despite the fact that predicted HJC locations vary depending upon chosen method, inter-study comparisons and inferences about populations are commonly made. The purpose of this study was to create a normative database of hip and knee biomechanics during walking, running, and single leg landings based on five commonly utilized HJC methods to serve as a reference for inter-study comparisons. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hunter J. Bennett, Kristina Fleenor, Joshua T. Weinhandl Source Type: research

Unique behavior of dermal cells from regenerative mammal, the African Spiny Mouse, in response to substrate stiffness
The African Spiny Mouse (Acomys spp.) is a unique outbred mammal capable of full, scar-free skin regeneration. In vivo, we have observed rapid reepithelialization and deposition of normal dermis in Acomys after wounding. Acomys skin also has a lower modulus and lower elastic energy storage than normal lab mice, Mus musculus. To see if the different in vivo mechanical microenvironments retained an effect on dermal cells and contributed to regenerative behavior, we examined isolated keratinocytes in response to physical wounding and fibroblasts in response to varying substrate stiffness. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Daniel C. Stewart, P. Nicole Serrano, Andr és Rubiano, Ryosuke Yokosawa, Justin Sandler, Marah Mukhtar, Jason O. Brant, Malcolm Maden, Chelsey S. Simmons Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - October 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

A Finite Element Model of an Anthropomorphic Test Device Lower Limb to Assess Risk of Injuries During Vertical Accelerative Loading
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were used extensively to target occupants of military vehicles during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (2003-2011). War fighters exposed to an IED attack were highly susceptible to lower limb injuries. To appropriately assess vehicle safety and make informed improvements to vehicle design, a novel Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD), called the Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan), was designed for vertical loading. The main objective of this study was to develop and validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the WIAMan lower limb (WIAMan-LL). (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 29, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wade A. Baker, Mostafiz Chowdhury, Costin D. Untaroiu Source Type: research

Biomechanical but not timed performance asymmetries persist between limbs 9  months after ACL reconstruction during planned and unplanned change of direction
Whilst anterior cruciate ligament injury commonly occurs during change of direction (CoD) tasks, there is little research on how athletes execute CoD after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aims of this study were to determine between-limb and between-test differences in performance (time) and joint kinematics and kinetics during planned and unplanned CoD. One hundred and fifty-six male subjects carried out 90 ° maximal effort, planned and unplanned CoD tests in a 3D motion capture laboratory 9 months after ACLR. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 28, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Enda King, Chris Richter, Andy Franklyn-Miller, Katherine Daniels, Ross Wadey, Mark Jackson, Ray Moran, Siobhan Strike Source Type: research

Mri vs ct-based 2d-3d auto-registration accuracy for quantifying shoulder motion using biplane fluoroscopy
Biplane 2D-3D registration approaches have been used for measuring 3D, in vivo glenohumeral (GH) joint kinematics. Computed tomography (CT) has become the gold standard for reconstructing 3D bone models, as it provides high geometric accuracy and similar tissue contrast to fluoroscopy. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would not expose subjects to radiation and provides the ability to add cartilage and other soft tissues to the models. However, the accuracy of MRI-based 2D-3D registration for quantifying glenohumeral kinematics is unknown. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 28, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mohsen Akbari-Shandiz, Rebekah L. Lawrence, Arin M. Ellingson, Casey P. Johnson, Kristin D. Zhao, Paula M. Ludewig Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Biomechanical but not timed performance asymmetries persist between limbs 9 months after ACL reconstruction during planned and unplanned change of direction
Whilst anterior cruciate ligament injury commonly occurs during change of direction (CoD) tasks, there is little research on how athletes execute CoD after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aims of this study were to determine between-limb and between-test differences in performance (time) and joint kinematics and kinetics during planned and unplanned CoD. One hundred and fifty-six male subjects carried out 90 ° maximal effort, planned and unplanned CoD tests in a 3D motion capture laboratory 9 months after ACLR. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 28, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Enda King, Chris Richter, Andy Franklyn-Miller, Katherine Daniels, Ross Wadey, Mark Jackson, Ray Moran, Siobhan Strike Source Type: research

Does the activity of ankle plantar flexors differ between limbs while healthy, young subjects stand at ease?
In this study we question whether surface EMGs detected from plantar flexor muscles in both legs provide equal estimates of the duration of activity. Arrays of surface electrodes were used to collect EMGs from gastrocnemius and soleus muscles while twelve, young male participants stood at ease for 60  s. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 20, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Fabio V. dos Anjos, Marco Gazzoni, Taian M. Vieira Source Type: research

Explosive Voluntary Torque is Related to Whole-body Response to Unexpected Perturbations
This study investigated the relationship between explosive torque of the plantar flexors and knee extensors and the centre of mass (COM) response to unexpected perturbations. Thirty-three healthy subjects (17 females, 16 males) were assessed for maximal and explosive isometric knee extension (KE) and plantar flexion (PF) torque and COM response (velocity (COMV), displacement (COMD)) to unexpected platform translations. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 20, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Fearghal P. Behan, Matt T.G. Pain, Jonathan P. Folland Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Personalized stent design for congenital heart defects using pulsatile blood flow simulations
Stent size selection and placement are among the most challenging tasks in the treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis in congenital heart defects (CHD). Patient-specific 3D model from CT or MR improves the understanding of the patient ’s anatomy and information about the hemodynamics aid in patient risk assessment and treatment planning. This work presents a new approach for personalized stent design in pulmonary artery interventions combining personalized patient geometry and hemodynamic simulations. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: L. Gundelwein, J. Mir ó, F. Gonzalez Barlatay, C. Lapierre, K. Rohr, L. Duong Source Type: research