Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
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Tau as a potential novel therapeutic target in ischemic stroke
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Stroke is associated with high mortality and major disability burdens worldwide, but there are few effective and widely available therapies. Tau plays an important role in promoting microtubule assembly and stabilizing microtubule networks with phosphorylation regulating these functions. Based on the "ischemia-reperfusion theory" of Alzheimer's disease, some previous studies have focused on the relationship of tau and Alzheimer lesions in experimental brain ischemia. Thus, we hypothesize that the alterations in phosphorylation of tau are critical to microtubule dynamics and metabolism, and contribute to the pathophysiologi...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Guo-Qing Zheng, Xiu-Min Wang, Yan Wang, Xiao-Tong Wang Source Type: journals
Nuclear redistribution of TCERG1 is required for its ability to inhibit the transcriptional and anti-proliferative activities of C/EBP[alpha]Email this article to a colleague.
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Transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1) is an inhibitor of transcriptional elongation, and interacts with transcription and splicing factors, suggesting that it assists in coupling and coordinating these two processes. Recently we showed that TCERG1 possesses an additional activity, that being to repress the transactivation and anti-proliferative activities of the transcription factor CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein [alpha] (C/EBP[alpha]). In the present study, we provide evidence that TCERG1 functions as an inhibitor of C/EBP[alpha] rather than a transcriptional co-repressor. This conclusion was based on reporter gen...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shanna L. Banman, Pamela J. McFie, Heather L. Wilson, William J. Roesler Source Type: journals
Protein kinases A and C and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulate glycogen synthase kinase-3A serine 21 phosphorylation in boar spermatozoaEmail this article to a colleague.
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The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways control most relevant functions in male germ cells including motility. Recently we demonstrated that phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase kinase-3[alpha] (GSK3A) is also a key event in the control of boar spermatozoa motility. However, the upstream regulators of GSK3A serine phosphorylation (inhibition) in male germ cells remain largely unknown. This work investigates the involvement of PKA, PKC and PI3K pathways in GSK3A phosphorylation in boar spermatozoa. A capacitating medium (TCM) or the phosphodiest...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Maria J. Bragado, Ines M. Aparicio, Maria C. Gil, Luis J. Garcia-Marin Source Type: journals
Nicotine, through upregulating pro-survival signaling, cooperates with NNK to promote transformationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Cigarette smoking is a mixture of thousands of compounds, many of which are carcinogens, such as NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone]. Nicotine, as an addictive substance in cigarette, has been shown to promote growth of non-neuronal cells. It is unclear how nicotine cooperates with tobacco-related carcinogens during tumorigenesis. Here, by concurrent treatment of nicotine and NNK, we investigate the effect of the cooperation of these two compounds on cell growth and apoptosis in various different lung epithelial (RLE) or cancer (LKR) cells. We demonstrated that short-term nicotine exposure moderately activ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Takashi Nishioka, Jinjin Guo, Daisuke Yamamoto, Lihua Chen, Petra Huppi, Chang Yan Chen Source Type: journals
Unwinding protein complexes in ALTernative telomere maintenanceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Telomeres are composed of specialized chromatin that includes DNA repair/recombination proteins, telomere DNA-binding proteins and a number of three dimensional nucleic acid structures including G-quartets and D-loops. A number of studies suggest that the BLM and WRN recQ-like helicases play important roles in recombination-mediated mechanisms of telomere elongation or Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT), processes that maintain/elongate telomeres in the absence of telomerase. BLM and WRN localize within ALT-associated nuclear bodies in telomerase-negative immortalized cell lines and interact with the telomere-speci...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Saumitri Bhattacharyya, April Sandy, Joanna Groden Source Type: journals
The effect of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa on the change of cell adhesion and proliferation induced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VEmail this article to a colleague.
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N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) has been reported to be positively associated with tumor progression, but its mechanism still remains unknown. In the present study, we found that GnT-V overexpression not only changed the glycosylation of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa (RPTP[kappa]) but also decreased its protein level. Moreover, GnT-V overexpression decreased cell calcium-independent adhesion and increased the tyrosine phosphorylation level of [beta]-catenin, in which RPTP[kappa] played an important role. Since RPTP[kappa] has an RXKR motif, which is a favored cleavage site for furin, we used furin i...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Can Wang, Zengxia Li, Zhaohua Yang, Hongbo Zhao, Yong Yang, Kangli Chen, Xiumei Cai, Liying Wang, Yinghong Shi, Shuangjian Qiu, Jia Fan, Xiliang Zha Source Type: journals
Real-time imaging of single cancer-cell dynamics of lung metastasisEmail this article to a colleague.
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We have developed a new in vivo mouse model to image single cancer-cell dynamics of metastasis to the lung in real-time. Regulating airflow volume with a novel endotracheal intubation method enabled controlling lung expansion adequate for imaging of the exposed lung surface. Cancer cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nucleus and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm were injected in the tail vein of the mouse. The right chest wall was then opened in order to image metastases on the lung surface directly. After each observation, the chest wall was sutured and the air was suctioned in order to re...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hiroaki Kimura, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Kensuke Yamauchi, Norio Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Katsuro Tomita, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman Source Type: journals
Protein alterations induced by long-term agonist treatment of HEK293 cells expressing thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor and G11[alpha] proteinEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study aimed to determine whether sustained stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a peptide with important physiological functions, can possibly affect expression of plasma membrane proteins in HEK293 cells expressing high levels of TRH receptor and G11[alpha] protein. Our previous experiments using silver-stained two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms did not reveal any significant changes in an overall composition of membrane microdomain proteins after long-term treatment with TRH of these cells (Matousek et al. Cell Biochem Biophys 42: 21-40). Here we used a purified plasma membrane f...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zdenka Drastichova, Lenka Bourova, Lucie Hejnova, Petr Jedelsky, Petr Svoboda, Jiri Novotny Source Type: journals
Effects of sodium butyrate on the differentiation of pancreatic and hepatic progenitor cells from mouse embryonic stem cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Recently significant progress has been made in differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells toward pancreatic cells. However, little is known about the generation and identification of pancreatic progenitor cells from ES cells. Here we explored the influence of sodium butyrate on pancreatic progenitor differentiation, and investigated the different effects of sodium butyrate on pancreatic and hepatic progenitor formation. Our results indicated that different concentration and exposure time of sodium butyrate led to different differentiating trends of ES cells. A relatively lower concentration of sodium butyrate with shorter e...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Meng Ren, Li Yan, Chang-Zhen Shang, Jun Cao, Li-Hong Lu, Jun Min, Hua Cheng Source Type: journals
R-roscovitine (Seliciclib) affects CLL cells more strongly than combinations of fludarabine or cladribine with cyclophosphamide: Inhibition of CDK7 sensitizes leukemic cells to caspase-dependent apoptosisEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study the efficacy of a first-line in vivo therapy was compared with treatment by R-roscovitine (ROSC) alone or by purine analogues (cladribine and fludarabine) combined with maphosphamide for 14 CLL patients under ex vivo conditions. ROSC induced the highest reduction in numbers of living B-cells, coinciding with an increased rate of apoptosis. After 24 h the percentage of apoptotic cells in ROSC-treated cultures was markedly higher than in untreated controls. ROSC also induced strong activation of the apoptosome and effector caspases in CLL cells. During progression of apoptosis the plasma membrane became permeab...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ma[lstrok]gorzata Rogali[nacute]ska, Jerzy Z. B[lstrok]o[nacute]ski, Oxana Komina, Pawe[lstrok] Góralski, Jolanta D. [Zdot]o[lstrok]nierczyk, Henryk Piekarski, Tadeusz Robak, Zofia M. Kilia[nacute]ska, Józefa W[eogon]sierska-G[aogon]dek Source Type: journals
Characterisation of the osteoclastogenic potential of human osteoblastic and fibroblastic conditioned mediaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Although M-CSF and RANKL are sufficient to promote in vitro osteoclastogenesis, in vivo this is a complex process which requires the action of many signalling molecules and cellular crosstalks. In this work, isolated or combined conditioned media, obtained from human adult skin fibroblast and bone marrow cells, were tested for their osteoclastogenic potential, through an indirect co-culture system, in the absence of recombinant M-CSF and RANKL. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD14+ cell cultures by quantification of total protein content, tartrate-resistant acid phosph...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: João Costa-Rodrigues, Cristina A. Teixeira, Paula Sampaio, Maria H. Fernandes Source Type: journals
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) at subtoxic concentrations increases the adhesivity of human leukemic cells to fibronectinEmail this article to a colleague.
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Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) which is being introduced into clinic for the treatment of hematological diseases. We studied the effect of this compound on six human hematopoietic cell lines (JURL-MK1, K562, CML-T1, Karpas-299, HL-60, and ML-2) as well as on normal human lymphocytes and on leukemic primary cells. SAHA induced dose-dependent and cell type-dependent cell death which displayed apoptotic features (caspase-3 activation and apoptotic DNA fragmentation) in most cell types including the normal lymphocytes. At subtoxic concentrations (0.5-1 µM), SAHA increase...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kate[rcaron]ina Ku[zcaron]elová, Michaela Pluskalová, Barbora Brodská, Petra Otev[rcaron]elová, Klára Elknerová, Dana Grebe[ncaron]ová, Zbyn[ecaron]k Hrkal Source Type: journals
Profiling and comparing transcription factors activated in non-metastatic and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Transcription factors (TFs) are modulators of gene expression that are critically important in the establishment and progression of human cancers. In the current study, the activity profiles of TFs in a normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines were studied using oligonucleotide array-based TF assays. Compared to the normal epithelial cell line NP69, nine TFs in the non-metastatic NPC cell line (6-10B) and eight TFs in a metastatic NPC cell line (5-8F) were upregulated. Among upregulated TFs, Sp1, AP2, and ATF/CREB families exhibited relatively high activities in NPC cell l...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bo Su, Bo Xiang, Li Wang, Li Cao, Lan Xiao, Xiaoling Li, Xiayu Li, Minghua Wu, Guiyuan Li Source Type: journals
Inhibition of tumor proteasome activity by gold-dithiocarbamato complexes via both redox-dependent and -independent processesEmail this article to a colleague.
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We have previously reported on a gold(III) complex, namely [AuBr2(DMDT)] (N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate) showing potent in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory activities toward human cancer cells and identifying the cellular proteasome as one of the major targets. However, the importance of the oxidation state of the gold center and the involved mechanism of action has yet to be established. Here we show that both gold(III)- and gold(I)-dithiocarbamato species, namely [AuBr2(ESDT)] (AUL12) and [Au(ESDT)]2 (AUL15), could inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of purified 20S proteasome and 26S proteasome in human breast cance...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xia Zhang, Michael Frezza, Vesna Milacic, Luca Ronconi, Yuhua Fan, Caifeng Bi, Dolores Fregona, Q. Ping Dou Source Type: journals
Hypoxia-inducible factors 1[alpha] and 2[alpha] exert both distinct and overlapping functions in long bone developmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we investigated the individual contributions of Hif-1[alpha] and Hif-2[alpha] in angiogenesis and osteogenesis by individually disrupting each Hif[alpha] gene in osteoblasts using the Cre-loxP method. Mice lacking Hif-1[alpha] demonstrated markedly decreased trabecular bone volume, reduced bone formation rate, and altered cortical bone architecture. By contrast, mice lacking Hif-2[alpha] had only a modest decrease in trabecular bone volume. Interestingly, long bone blood vessel development measured by angiography was decreased by a similar degree in both [Delta]Hif-1[alpha] and [Delta]Hif-2[alpha] mice sugge...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Stacy H. Shomento, Chao Wan, Xuemei Cao, Marie-Claude Faugere, Mary L. Bouxsein, Thomas L. Clemens, Ryan C. Riddle Source Type: journals
DNA methylation in embryonic stem cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing cells. These cells can be used in applications such as cell therapy, drug development, disease modeling, and the study of cellular differentiation. Investigating the interplay of epigenetics, genetics, and gene expression in control of pluripotence and differentiation could give important insights on how these cells function. One of the best known epigenetic factors is DNA methylation, which is a major mechanism for regulation of gene expression. This phenomenon is mostly seen in imprinted genes and X-chromosome inactivation where DNA methylation of promoter region...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gulsah Altun, Jeanne F. Loring, Louise C. Laurent Source Type: journals
Purity, cell viability, expression of GFAP and bystin in astrocytes cultured by different proceduresEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of four major protocols on the purity of astrocytes, cell viability, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and bystin of cultured astrocytes using MTT assay, immunocytochemical staining, and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated that the purity of astrocytes (98.9%) generated by the subculture (SC) procedure is significantly higher than those generated by primary culture (PC), shaken once culture (SK-1) or shaken twice culture (SK-2). We also showed that expressions of GFAP and bystin in astrocytes that are purified by the SK-2 or SK-1 procedures are significantly ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Fang Du, Zhong Ming Qian, Li Zhu, Xiao Mei Wu, Christopher Qian, Robbie Chan, Ya Ke Source Type: journals
Inducible activation of IFI 16 results in suppression of telomerase activity, growth suppression and induction of cellular senescenceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Expression of the human HIN-200 family member IFI 16 has been reported to suppress cell growth and contribute to the onset of cellular senescence. However the molecular events involved in this process have not been fully characterised. We fused IFI 16 to the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain to establish an inducible model for studying the molecular events that cause these phenomena. In cells induced to express the ER-IFI 16 within the nucleus there was a decrease in cellular proliferation and concomitant growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Unlike previous reports, this did not appear to involve the p53-...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 3, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Christopher J.P. Clarke, Linda L. Hii, Jessica E. Bolden, Ricky W. Johnstone Source Type: journals
Is antiquitin a mitochondrial Enzyme?Email this article to a colleague.
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Antiquitin is an aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the catabolism of lysine. Mutations of antiquitin have been linked with the disease pyridoxine-dependent seizures. While it is well established that lysine metabolism takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, evidence for the mitochondrial localization of antiquitin has been lacking. In the present study, the subcellular localization of antiquitin was investigated using human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. Three different approaches were used. First, confocal microscopic analysis was carried out on cells transiently transfected with fusion constructs containing enhanced gr...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Judy Wei-Yan Wong, Chi-Lung Chan, Wai-Kwan Tang, Christopher Hon-Ki Cheng, Wing-Ping Fong Source Type: journals
Modulatory effects of phytoglycoprotein (75 kDa) on allergic inflammatory cytokines in Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, we speculated that the CTB glycoprotein might be one component for preparation of health supplements for prevention of allergic immune disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry)
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Phil-Sun Oh, Kye-Taek Lim Source Type: journals
The nucleosome binding protein HMGN3 is expressed in pancreatic [alpha]-cells and affects plasma glucagon levels in miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Glucose homeostasis requires the coordinated actions of various organs and is critically dependent on the proper functioning of the various cell types present in the pancreatic Langerhans islets. Here we report that chromatin architectural protein HMGN3 is highly expressed in all pancreatic endocrine islet cells, and that Hmgn3-/- mice which have a mild diabetic phenotype, have reduced glucagon levels in their blood. To elucidate the mechanism leading to altered glucagon secretion of Hmgn3-/- mice, we tested whether HMGN3 affect glucagon synthesis and secretion in [alpha]TC1-9 cells, a glucagon secreting cell line that is ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Toshihiro Kurahashi, Takashi Furusawa, Tetsuya Ueda, Michael Bustin Source Type: journals
Advanced glycation end-products activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase via the oxidative stress-EGF receptor pathway in renal fibroblastsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, it was found that AGEs-induced mitogenesis is dependent on the RAGE-ROS-EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway whereas AGEs-activated ERK1/2 is dependent on the RAGE-ROS-EGFR pathway in NRK-49F cells. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry)
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: San-Cher Chen, Jinn-Yuh Guh, Chi-Ching Hwang, Shean-Jaw Chiou, Tai-Du Lin, Yu-Ming Ko, Jau-Shyang Huang, Yu-Lin Yang, Lea-Yea Chuang Source Type: journals
Bradykinin enhances cell migration in human chondrosarcoma cells through BK receptor signaling pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we found that BK increased the migration and the expression of [alpha]2[beta]1 integrin in human chondrosarcoma cells. We also found that human chondrosarcoma tissues had significantly higher expression of the B1 and B2 receptors comparing to normal cartilage. BK-mediated migration and integrin up-regulation was attenuated by B1 and B2 BK receptor siRNA or antagonist. Activations of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C[delta] (PKC[delta]), and NF-[kappa]B pathways after BK treatment was demonstrated, and BK-induced integrin expression and migration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor of PLC, ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wei-Hung Yang, Jung-Tzu Chang, Sheng-Feng Hsu, Te-Mao Li, Der-Yang Cho, Chun-Yin Huang, Yi-Chin Fong, Chih-Hsin Tang Source Type: journals
Identification of microRNAs regulated by activin A in human embryonic stem cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have the capacities to propagate for extended periods and to differentiate into cell types from all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. These characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency enable hES cells having the potential to provide an unlimited supply of different cell types for tissue replacement, drug screening, and functional genomics studies. The hES-T3 cells with normal female karyotype cultured on either mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) in hES medium (containing 4 ng/ml bFGF) (T3MF) or feeder-free Matrigel in MEF-conditioned medium (supplemented with additional 4 ng/...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - November 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zong-Yun Tsai, Sher Singh, Sung-Liang Yu, Li-Pin Kao, Bo-Zhi Chen, Bing-Ching Ho, Pan-Chyr Yang, Steven Shoei-Lung Li Source Type: journals
The cofilin activity cycle in lamellipodia and invadopodiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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The actin severing protein cofilin is essential for directed cell migration and chemotaxis, in many cell types and is also important for tumor cell invasion during metastasis. Through its severing activity, cofilin increases the number of free barbed ends to initiate actin polymerization for actin-based protrusion in two distinct subcellular compartments in invasive tumor cells: lamellipodia and invadopodia. Cofilin severing activity is tightly regulated and multiple mechanisms are utilized to regulate cofilin activity. In this prospect, we have grouped the primary on/off regulation into two broad categories, both of which...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Matthew Oser, John Condeelis Source Type: journals
Amyloid precursor protein expression is induced by tumor necrosis factor [alpha] in 3T3-L1 adipocytesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been characterized as an adipocyte-secreted protein that might contribute to obesity-related insulin resistance, inflammation, and dementia. In the current study, regulation of APP by the proinflammatory and insulin resistance-inducing cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [alpha] was determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Interestingly, APP protein synthesis and mRNA expression were significantly increased by TNF[alpha] in a time-dependent manner with maximal induction observed after 24 h of treatment. Furthermore, TNF[alpha] induced APP mRNA expression dose-dependently with maximal 6.4-fold u...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Grit Sommer, Susan Kralisch, Jana Lipfert, Sebastian Weise, Kerstin Krause, Beate Jessnitzer, Ulrike Lössner, Matthias Blüher, Michael Stumvoll, Mathias Fasshauer Source Type: journals
Bevacizumab and ranibizumab on microvascular endothelial cells: A comparative studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Given its broad effects in endothelium, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents the primary rate-limiting step of angiogenesis. Therefore, VEGF targeting therapies were soon developed. Bevacizumab and ranibizumab are two of these therapeutic agents already in clinical use. Bevacizumab was first used for cancer treatment, whereas ranibizumab was designed to target choroidal neovascularization, the main cause of blindness in age-related macular degeneration. The present study aims to compare the multiple effects of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). HMEC cultures were e...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Raquel Costa, Ângela Carneiro, Ana Rocha, Ana Pirraco, Manuel Falcão, Luísa Vasques, Raquel Soares Source Type: journals
Broadening the mission of an RNA enzymeEmail this article to a colleague.
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The "RNA World" hypothesis suggests that life developed from RNA enzymes termed ribozymes, which carry out reactions without assistance from proteins. Ribonuclease (RNase) P is one ribozyme that appears to have adapted these origins to modern cellular life by adding protein to the RNA core in order to broaden the potential functions. This RNA-protein complex plays diverse roles in processing RNA, but its best-understood reaction is pre-tRNA maturation, resulting in mature 5' ends of tRNAs. The core catalytic activity resides in the RNA subunit of almost all RNase P enzymes but broader substrate tolerance is required for re...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 20, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Michael C. Marvin, David R. Engelke Source Type: journals
Distinct mechanisms are utilized to induce stress sensor gadd45b by different stress stimuliEmail this article to a colleague.
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The GADD45 family of proteins consists of three small proteins, GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G, implicated in modulating the cellular response to genotoxic/physiological stressors. Despite similarities in sequence, structure and function, each gadd45 gene is induced differentially by different stress stimuli. Studies on stress-mediated induction of the gadd45 genes have predominantly focused on gadd45a, with knowledge of gadd45b and gadd45g regulation lacking. To generate a more complete understanding of the regulation of gadd45 genes, a comprehensive analysis of stress-mediated induction of human gadd45b has been carried o...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 15, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Steven D. Zumbrun, Barbara Hoffman, Dan A. Liebermann Source Type: journals
Zebrafish cnbp intron1 plays a fundamental role in controlling spatiotemporal gene expression during embryonic developmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study we have combined comparative sequence analysis and in vivo testing of DNA fragments in zebrafish to identify evolutionarily constrained regulatory motifs that likely control expression of the cnbp gene in embryos. We found a novel exon sequence located 5[prime] upstream of the Exon1-sequence reported in most databases, and two transcription start sites that generate two primary-transcripts that differ in their 5[prime]UTRs and expression profile during zebrafish embryonic development. Furthermore, we found a region inside the intron1 sequence that controls the cnbp developmental-specific transcriptional activ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 14, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Andrea M.J. Weiner, Miguel L. Allende, Nora B. Calcaterra Source Type: journals
Impediment of NEMO oligomerization inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteolysisEmail this article to a colleague.
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The transcription factor NF-[kappa]B is essential for osteoclastogenesis and is considered an immune-modulator of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory osteolysis. Activation of NF-[kappa]B subunits is regulated by the upstream I[kappa]B kinase (IKK) complex which contains IKK[alpha], IKK[beta], and IKK[gamma]; the latter also known as NF-[kappa]B essential modulator (NEMO). The role of IKK[alpha] and IKK[beta] in the skeletal development and inflammatory osteolysis has been described, whereas little is known regarding the role of NEMO in this setting. Typically, signals induced by RANK ligand (RANKL) or TNF prompt oligome...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Isra Darwech, Jesse Otero, Muhammad Alhawagri, Simon Dai, Yousef Abu-Amer Source Type: journals
PDEF is a negative regulator of colon cancer cell growth and migrationEmail this article to a colleague.
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ETS is a family of transcriptional regulators with functions in most biological processes. Dysregulated ETS factor function leads to altered expression of multiple genes that play critical roles in many of the processes required for cancer progression. While the Ets family gene, prostate-derived ETS factor (PDEF), is expressed in epithelial tissues including prostate, breast, and colon, PDEF protein expression has been found to be reduced or lost during prostate and breast cancer progression. The goal of this study was to examine the expression and biologic impact of altered PDEF expression in colon cancer. PDEF mRNA and p...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Omar Moussa, David P. Turner, Ron J. Feldman, Victor I. Sementchenko, Brent D. McCarragher, Mohamed M. Desouki, Mostafa Fraig, Dennis K. Watson Source Type: journals
1,4-butanediyl-bismethanethiosulfonate (BMTS) induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanismEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study demonstrated the methane sulfonate chemical 1,4-butanediyl-bismethanethiosulfonate (BMTS)-induced cascades of signals that ultimately led to apoptosis of Jurkat cells. BMTS induced apoptosis through fragmentation of DNA, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein with reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, BMTS intensely and transiently induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS produced by BMTS was mediated through mitochondria. We also found that a reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and an anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibi...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Khaled Hossain, Yoshiyuki Kawamoto, Masataka Hamada, Anwarul A. Akhand, Takeshi Yanagishita, Md. Ashraful Hoque, Hideo Tsuboi, Masashi Kato, Izumi Nakashima Source Type: journals
GSKIP, an inhibitor of GSK3[beta], mediates the N-cadherin/[beta]-catenin pool in the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Emerging evidence has shown that GSK3[beta] plays a pivotal role in regulating the specification of axons and dendrites. Our previous study has shown a novel GSK3[beta] interaction protein (GSKIP) able to negatively regulate GSK3[beta] in Wnt signaling pathway. To further characterize how GSKIP functions in neurons, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with retinoic acid (RA) to differentiate to neuron-like cells was used as a model. Overexpression of GSKIP prevents neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells. GSKIP may affect GSK3[beta] activity on neurite outgrowth by inhibiting the specific phosphorylation of tau (ser396). ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ching-Chih Lin, Chia-Hua Chou, Shen-Long Howng, Chia-Yi Hsu, Chi-Ching Hwang, Chihuei Wang, Ching-Mei Hsu, Yi-Ren Hong Source Type: journals
Attenuation of estradiol on the reduction of striatal dopamine by amphetamine in ovariectomized ratsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Amphetamine (AMPH) is a highly addictive drug of abuse which exhibits toxicity to dopaminergic neurons in long-term abusers. Estrogen seems to show neuroprotection in dopamine (DA) deficit caused by AMPH. The present study was to investigate the effects of estradiol on the levels of striatal DA in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats treated with or without AMPH. Female rats were Ovx for 2 weeks before administration of AMPH (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) with or without 17[beta]-estradiol benzoate (EB) (25 µg/kg/day, s.c.) for 7 days. The striatal tissues were collected, homogenized with DA mobile phase, and centrifuged. The concentrations of...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Po-Ling Yu, Ching-I Wu, Tzong-Shyuan Lee, Wynn H.T. Pan, Paulus S. Wang, Shyi-Wu Wang Source Type: journals
Expression and subcellular localization of myogenic regulatory factors during the differentiation of skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblastsEmail this article to a colleague.
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It is known that the MyoD family members (MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4) play a pivotal role in the complex mechanism of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. However, fragmentary information on transcription factor-specific regulation is available and data on their post-transcriptional and post-translational behavior are still missing. In this work, we combined mRNA and protein expression analysis with their subcellular localization. Each myogenic regulator factor (MRF) revealed a specific mRNA trend and a protein quantitative analysis not overlapping, suggesting the presence of post-transcriptional mechanisms. In additi...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Paola Ferri, Elena Barbieri, Sabrina Burattini, Michele Guescini, Alessandra D'Emilio, Laura Biagiotti, Paolo Del Grande, Antonio De Luca, Vilberto Stocchi, Elisabetta Falcieri Source Type: journals
High-pressure freezing of spermiogenic nuclei supports a dynamic chromatin model for the histone-to-protamine transitionEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we present for the first time a description of the dynamic chromatin changes that occur during spermiogenesis in the internally fertilizing caenogastropod mollusc Nucella lamellosa. Chromatin condensation in developing sperm cells in some animals, such as the model biological system used here, involves the histone-to-protamine transition and proceeds through a patterning stage from granules to fibers to lamellae. This may be due to the physicochemical phenomenon of phase separation by spinodal decomposition, a dynamic mechanism known to generate pattern. This hypothesis is based entirely on published transmi...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Garnet Martens, Elaine C. Humphrey, Lionel G. Harrison, Begonia Silva-Moreno, Juan Ausió, Harold E. Kasinsky Source Type: journals
Targeted inhibition of the EGFR pathways enhances Zn-BC-AM PDT-induced apoptosis in well-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor often expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, is one of the recently identified molecular targets in cancer treatment. In the present study, the effects of combined treatment of Zn-BC-AM PDT with an EGFR inhibitor AG1478 were investigated. Well-differentiated NPC HK-1 cells were subjected to PDT with 1 µM of Zn-BC-AM and were irradiated at a light dose of 1 J/cm2 in the presence or absence of EGFR inhibitor AG1478. Specific protein kinase inhibitors of downstream EGFR targets were also used in the investigation. EGFR, Akt, and ERK were found constitutively act...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 8, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ho-Kee Koon, Pui-Shan Chan, Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong, Zhen-Guo Wu, Maria Li Lung, Chi-Kwong Chang, Nai-Ki Mak Source Type: journals
Role of matrix metalloproteinases in epithelial migrationEmail this article to a colleague.
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In response to injury, epithelial cells migrate across the denuded tissue to rapidly close the wound and restore barrier, thereby preventing the entry of pathogens and leakage of fluids. Efficient, proper migration requires a range of processes, acting both inside and out of the cell. Among the extracellular responses is the expression of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Though long thought to ease cell migration simply by breaking down matrix barriers, findings from various models demonstrate that MMPs facilitate (and sometimes repress) cell movement by other means, such as affecting the state of cell-matrix inte...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Peter Chen, William C. Parks Source Type: journals
Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in human cholangiocarcinoma cells treated with Clonorchis sinensis excretory-secretory productsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Severe Clonorchis sinensis infection is a significant risk factor for malignant changes in bile ducts and surrounding liver tissues occurring as a result of direct contact with C. sinensis worms and their excretory-secretory products (ESP). However, the intrinsic molecular mechanisms involved in these processes remain obscure. To determine the effects of C. sinensis infection on protein expression in host bile duct epithelium, we examined proteomic profile changes in the human cholangiocarcinoma cell line (HuCCT1) treated with ESP at 24 h. Using a combination of 2-DE, quantitative image and MALDI-TOF MS analysis, we identi...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jhang Ho Pak, Ju Hyun Moon, Seung-Jun Hwang, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Beom Seo, Tong-Soo Kim Source Type: journals
Quercetin-induced upregulation of human GCLC gene is mediated by cis-regulatory element for early growth response protein-1 (EGR1) in INS-1 beta-cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The catalytic subunit of [gamma]-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is involved in maintaining intracellular redox balance. GSH is especially important for antioxidant defense system since beta-cells show intrinsically low expression of antioxidant enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms by which quercetin, a flavonoid, induces the expression of the GCLC gene in rat pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1. Promoter study found that the proximal GC-rich region (from -90 to -34) of the GCLC promoter contained the querce...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jung-Hoon Kang, Seo-Yoon Chang, Hyun-Jong Jang, Jae Min Cho, Dong-Bin Kim, Seong Su Lee, Seung Hyun Ko, Yong-Moon Park, Paul W. Needs, Yang-Hyeok Jo, Myung-Jun Kim Source Type: journals
BMP-2 modulates [beta]-catenin signaling through stimulation of Lrp5 expression and inhibition of [beta]-TrCP expression in osteoblastsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Canonical BMP and Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles in regulation of osteoblast function and bone formation. Recent studies demonstrate that BMP-2 acts synergistically with [beta]-catenin to promote osteoblast differentiation. To determine the molecular mechanisms of the signaling cross-talk between canonical BMP and Wnt signaling pathways, we have used primary osteoblasts and osteoblast precursor cell lines 2T3 and MC3T3-E1 cells to investigate the effect of BMP-2 on [beta]-catenin signaling. We found that BMP-2 stimulates Lrp5 expression and inhibits the expression of [beta]-TrCP, the F-box E3 ligase responsible...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ming Zhang, Ying Yan, Yong-bin Lim, Dezhi Tang, Rong Xie, Ann Chen, Peter Tai, Stephen E. Harris, Lianping Xing, Yi-Xian Qin, Di Chen Source Type: journals
RNAi-mediated silencing of insulin receptor substrate-4 enhances actinomycin D- and tumor necrosis factor-[alpha]-induced cell death in hepatocarcinoma cancer cell linesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS-4) transmits signals from the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and the insulin receptor (IR) to the PI3K/AKT and the ERK1/2 pathways. IRS-4 expression increases dramatically after partial hepatectomy and plays an important role in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cell line proliferation/differentiation. In human hepatocarcinoma, IRS-4 overexpression has been associated with tumor development. Herein, we describe the mechanism whereby IRS-4 depletion induced by RNA interference (siRNA) sensitizes HepG2 cells to treatment with actinomycin D (Act D) and combined treatment with Act D plus tumo...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Eva P. Cuevas, Oscar Escribano, Jorge Monserrat, Javier Martínez-Botas, María G. Sánchez, Antonio Chiloeches, Borja Hernández-Breijo, Verónica Sánchez-Alonso, Irene D. Román, Ma Dolores Fernández-Moreno, Luis G. Guijarro Source Type: journals
Quantitative AP-1 gene regulation by oxidative stress in the human retinal pigment epitheliumEmail this article to a colleague.
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The purpose of this study was to characterize the early molecular responses to quantified levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Confluent ARPE-19 cells were cultured for 3 days in defined medium to stabilize gene expression. The cells were exposed to varying levels of OS (0-500 µM H2O2) for 1-8 h and gene expression was followed for up to 24-h after OS. Using real-time qPCR, we quantified the expression of immediate early genes from the AP-1 transcription factor family and other genes involved in regulating the redox status of the cells. Significant and quantitative changes were se...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Edward Chaum, Jinggang Yin, Huaitao Yang, Fridtjof Thomas, John C. Lang Source Type: journals
Identification of nuclear structural protein alterations associated with seminomasEmail this article to a colleague.
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Currently, there are no specific markers available for the early detection and for monitoring testicular cancer. Based upon an approach that targets nuclear structure, we have identified a set of proteins that are specific for seminomas, which may then have clinical utility for the disease. Utilizing samples obtained from men with no evidence of testicular cancer (n = 5) as well as those with seminomas (n = 6), nuclear matrix proteins were extracted and separated using a high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis gel system. The proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. These analyses revealed seven nucl...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Eddy S. Leman, Ahmed Magheli, Koh Meng Aw Yong, George Netto, Stefan Hinz, Robert H. Getzenberg Source Type: journals
Interactive effects of mechanical stretching and extracellular matrix proteins on initiating osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are characterized by their abilities to differentiate into different lineages, including osteoblasts. Besides soluble factors, mechanical strain and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play important roles in osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. However, interactions between them are still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of insoluble chemical and mechanical factors (ECM proteins vs. cyclic stretching) in driving hMSCs into osteogenic differentiation. To avoid the influence from osteogenic supplements, hMSCs were cultured in regular...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chien-Hsun Huang, Min-Huey Chen, Tai-Horng Young, Jiiang-Huei Jeng, Yi-Jane Chen Source Type: journals
Geometry and force control of cell functionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Tissue engineering is becoming increasingly ambitious in its efforts to create functional human tissues, and to provide stem cell scientists with culture systems of high biological fidelity. Novel engineering designs are being guided by biological principles, in an attempt to recapitulate more faithfully the complexities of native cellular milieu. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are being designed to mimic native-like cell environments and thereby elicit native-like cell responses. Also, the traditional focus on molecular regulatory factors is shifting towards the combined application of molecular and physical factors. Fi...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Donald O. Freytes, Leo Q. Wan, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic Source Type: journals
Altered protein-expressing profile in hPNAS4-induced apoptosis in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Human PNAS4 (hPNAS4) is a recently identified pro-apoptosis gene, which is able to induce apoptosis in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells following its overexpression. In this work, we investigated the changes of protein profile in hPNAS4-induced apoptosis in A549 cells through proteomic strategy consisting of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with MALDI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 20 different proteins with more than 3.0-fold change in expression, including 5 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated proteins were successfully identified by database search. The mRNA transcription levels of the different pr...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lan-Tu Gou, Ai-Ping Tong, Fei Yan, Zhu Yuan, Fei He, Wei Wang, Yan Zhou, Li-Juan Chen, Ming-Hai Tang, Jin-Liang Yang Source Type: journals
Aldosterone up-regulates 12- and 15-lipoxygenase expression and LDL oxidation in human vascular smooth muscle cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, aldosterone increased 12- and 15-LO expression in human VSMC, in association with increased 12- and 15-HETE generation and enhanced LDL oxidation and may directly augment VSMC contractility, hypertrophy, and migration through 12-HETE and promote LDL oxidation via the pro-oxidative properties of these enzymes. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry)
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rona Limor, Marielle Kaplan, Orly Sharon, Esther Knoll, Michal Naidich, Gary Weisinger, Shlomo Keidar, Naftali Stern Source Type: journals
Regulation of REDD1 by insulin-like growth factor-I in skeletal muscle and myotubesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a major anabolic hormone for skeletal muscle and a potent stimulus for protein synthesis and translation initiation. Recent studies suggest that translation can be inhibited by over expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) repressor REDD1. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether IGF-I alters the expression of REDD1 and whether this is associated with a concomitant change in protein synthesis in vitro. Subcutaneous injection of IGF-I or intravenous delivery of insulin for 3-4 h increased REDD1 mRNA in skeletal muscle 7-10-fold. A threefold increase in R...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Robert A. Frost, Danuta Huber, Anne Pruznak, Charles H. Lang Source Type: journals
