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Focus on nonexperimental approachesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the paradigm for effectiveness research, but cannot be applied to all interventions under all circumstances. Therefore, other methodological approaches must also be considered, used, and further developed . One of the nonexperimental approaches of interest is instrumental variable (IV) analysis . In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Rassen et al. present a tutorial on the concept and methodological profile of IV analysis. In a second article, they demonstrate how IV analysis works using physician prescribing preference as an IV in the field of pharmacoepidemiology...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - October 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: J. André Knottnerus, Peter Tugwell Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - October 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - October 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - September 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - September 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Editor's NoteEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As editors of the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, in past years we have been able to publish an increasing number of high-quality, innovative articles on the methodology of clinical epidemiologic research, and on how to report and systematically review it. These articles are very important for improving the quality of research, and many of them have already shown to really make a difference in achieving this. To further support this development, from now on we will briefly highlight the methodological key topics that, in our view, are presented in each issue. It is our hope that this will help you as readers to focus on ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - September 10, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: J. Andre Knottnerus, Peter Tugwell Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - September 10, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - September 10, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Correlation between serial tests made disease probability estimates erroneousEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Disease probability is overestimated when the results of correlated tests are combined. Clinicians must consider the correlation between serial tests when calculating the posttest probability. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - September 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Carl van Walraven, Peter C. Austin, Alison Jennings, Alan J. Forster Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

A network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect comparisons between glaucoma drugs to rank effectiveness in lowering intraocular pressureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: A network meta-analysis can be used to combine direct and indirect treatment effects in a formal way. Applied to glaucoma medications, it shows that there is a rank order in treatment effects on IOP. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - September 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Rikkert van der Valk, Carroll A.B. Webers, Thomas Lumley, Fred Hendrikse, Martin H. Prins, Jan S.A.G. Schouten Tags: Methods of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Source Type: journals

Simulation-based significance tests for data-driven comparisonsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study (which used data from an earlier study ), I examined the impact on statistical inference of using a standard χ2 test to compare the proportion of successes in the level of a categorical variable that had the highest observed proportion of successes with the proportion of successes in all other levels of the categorical variable combined (we referred to this as the maximal-proportion χ2 test). We found that using a data-driven approach to collapsing a categorical variable resulted in an inflation of the type I error rate when a conventional χ2 test was used. Furthermore, the type I error rate increased with...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Peter C. Austin Tags: Letters to the Editors Source Type: journals

Valid, adaptive, data-driven comparisons of binary end pointsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Austin and Goldwasser missed a key opportunity to point out that, in fact, it is perfectly valid to use the data to select the cutoff for dichotomization in a 2×k contingency table as long as the proper penalty is paid for doing do. In general, this penalty tends not to be so great, and the approach saves one from having to pretend to know prospectively where the treatment effect will manifest itself maximally. In fact, an adaptive approach can be used whenever any one of several analyses may prove to be the most impressive. One simply computes each P value, selects the lowest among these, and then uses it not as a P valu...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Vance William Berger Tags: Letters to the Editors Source Type: journals

Response shift and outcome assessment in orthopedic surgery: is there a difference between complete and partial treatment?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Outcome measurement after surgical treatment for spinal disorders has traditionally relied on pre- and posttreatment assessment, measuring change from baseline to follow-up. These assessments assume that patients have the same perspective of their disease, and the same evaluation for their assessment of quality of life (QOL) throughout the recovery process. If the patient's internal standard of measurement were to change, the postoperative assessment must reflect this shift in addition to the actual changes in the level of functioning. Comparisons of pretest with posttest ratings may be confounded by this distortion of the...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - August 16, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Joel A. Finkelstein, Helen Razmjou, Carolyn E. Schwartz Tags: Clinical Perspectives Source Type: journals

A physiatrist's view of response shiftEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: As a concept based on health-related research, response shift still remains somewhat a clinical enigma. The clinical vignettes used in this article outline the complexity of clinically understanding the nature of response shift. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - August 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Theo van Rijn Tags: Clinical Perspectives Source Type: journals

The Oort structural equation modeling approach detected a response shift after a COPD self-management program not detected by the Schmitt techniqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This study showed that COPD patients experienced a response shift after participating in a self-management program, which resulted in an underestimation of change in physical health. These results suggest that the Oort procedure is more sensitive in detecting a response shift, and that a measurement of response shift is needed before results can be interpreted. Future comparisons with other methods and a control group are needed. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - August 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sara Ahmed, Jean Bourbeau, François Maltais, Asmaa Mansour Tags: Methodological Innovations Source Type: journals

Considering the application of the trait/state distinction for response shift research: continuing the conversationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The article by Schwartz and Sprangers (this issue) is an extremely interesting article that opens the door to a much wider range of inquiry regarding health-related quality of life (HRQOL). I am very excited by this work, and I think that it has the potential to spark a much-needed dialogue in the HRQOL field, where methodology has gotten ahead of basic theory and conceptualization. In the spirit of continuing a dialogue started by this important article, I will raise several ideas that I hope will stimulate further dialogue. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - August 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Bruce D. Rapkin Tags: Theoretical Perspectives Source Type: journals

Reflections on genes and sustainable change: toward a trait and state conceptualization of response shiftEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Implications for study design and data-analytic methods, as well as clinical practice are discussed. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - August 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Carolyn Emily Schwartz, Mirjam A.G. Sprangers Tags: Theoretical Perspectives Source Type: journals

Cardiovascular risk can be represented by scaled rectangle diagramsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Scaled rectangles can easily be formed to show how modeled predicted risk levels and actual occurrence of CVD coincide. Poor discrimination is well illustrated. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Roger J. Marshall Tags: Brief Report Source Type: journals

Reporting on blinding in trial protocols and corresponding publications was often inadequate but rarely contradictoryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The reporting on blinding in both trial protocols and publications is often inadequate. We suggest developing international guidelines for the reporting of trial protocols and public access to protocols. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Julie Pildal, An-Wen Chan, Mette T. Haahr, Douglas G. Altman, Peter C. Gøtzsche Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaborationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safety of health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, is not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users.Since the development of the QUOROM (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analysis) Statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 26, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Alessandro Liberati, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Cynthia Mulrow, Peter C. Gøtzsche, John P.A. Ioannidis, Mike Clarke, P.J. Devereaux, Jos Kleijnen, David Moher Tags: Methods of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Source Type: journals

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA StatementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become increasingly important in health care. Clinicians read them to keep up to date with their field , and they are often used as a starting point for developing clinical practice guidelines. Granting agencies may require a systematic review to ensure there is justification for further research , and some health care journals are moving in this direction . As with all research, the value of a systematic review depends on what was done, what was found, and the clarity of reporting. As with other publications, the reporting quality of systematic reviews varies, limiting readers' ab...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 26, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: David Moher, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Douglas G. Altman, The PRISMA Group Tags: Methods of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Source Type: journals

Estimating a preference-based index from the Japanese SF-36Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The differences between Japanese and UK valuations of the SF-6D make it important to use the Japanese valuation data set estimated using the nonparametric Bayesian technique presented in this article. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: John E. Brazier, Shunichi Fukuhara, Jennifer Roberts, Samer Kharroubi, Yosuke Yamamoto, Shunya Ikeda, Jim Doherty, Kiyoshi Kurokawa Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Response shift was identified over multiple occasions with a structural equation modeling frameworkEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Studies that identify the type and timing of RS in certain client populations are useful for planning the timing of treatment and the methods to measure RS clinically. Validation of the model and adjusting for the effects of multiple testing increases confidence in the mental health model and the resulting identification of RS. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 16, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ruth Barclay-Goddard, Lisa M. Lix, Robert Tate, Leah Weinberg, Nancy E. Mayo Tags: Methodological Innovations Source Type: journals

Tests of measurement invariance failed to support the application of the “then-test”Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Traditional pre-test/post-test data appear to be robust with little indication of response shift. In contrast, the weaker psychometric performance of then-test/post-test data suggests psychometric flaws that may be the result of implicit theory of change, social desirability, and recall bias. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 13, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sandra Nolte, Gerald R. Elsworth, Andrew J. Sinclair, Richard H. Osborne Tags: Methodological Innovations Source Type: journals

Structural equation modeling of health-related quality-of-life data illustrates the measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shiftEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our approach enables the distinction and testing of biases and response shifts in the measurement and explanation of HRQL. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 12, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: B.L. King-Kallimanis, F.J. Oort, M.R.M. Visser, M.A.G. Sprangers Tags: Methodological Innovations Source Type: journals

Case management poststroke did not induce response shift: the value of residualsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: A framework for assessing response shift was proposed and investigators planning trials of interventions targeting patient-reported outcomes should build into the trial methods for response shift investigation. In trials of interventions likely to induce response shift, before concluding about intervention-induced change, response shift should be ruled out by using a combination of design and statistical approaches. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 12, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Nancy E. Mayo, Susan C. Scott, Sara Ahmed Tags: Methodological Innovations Source Type: journals

Classification and regression tree uncovered hierarchy of psychosocial determinants underlying quality-of-life response shift in HIV/AIDSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Rpart classification provides a nuanced treatment of response shift. This methodology has implications for evaluating programs, guiding decisions, and targeting care. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 12, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yuelin Li, Bruce Rapkin Tags: Methodological Innovations Source Type: journals

Applications of health-related quality of life for guiding health care: advances in response shift researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessments play an important role in evaluating the impact of health care interventions for chronic and acute conditions. The comparison of HRQL scores is based on a belief that the meaning of concepts and measurement scales remains stable in individuals' minds over time and is similar between groups. This assumption may be challenged. Indeed, measures of self-reported health often yield counter-intuitive results. When there are differences among people or within people over time in internal standards, values, or conceptualizations, then scores derived from HRQL measures may not be co...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 12, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sara Ahmed, Carolyn Schwartz, Lena Ring, Mirjam A.G. Sprangers Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Systematic review of cross-cultural adaptations of McGill Pain Questionnaire reveals a paucity of clinimetric testingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Although the MPQ has been adapted into a large number of languages, because of inadequate testing most of the adaptations have unknown clinimetric properties. This situation means that users should be cautious when interpreting scores from adapted questionnaires. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 12, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Luciola da Cunha Menezes Costa, Christopher G. Maher, James H. McAuley, Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa Tags: Review Article Source Type: journals

Rasch analysis informed the development of a classification system for a diabetes-specific preference-based measure of healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Results provide initial report of the validity and reliability of the CS of the DUI. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Murali Sundaram, Michael J. Smith, Dennis A. Revicki, Betsy Elswick, Lesley-Ann Miller Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - July 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Changes in surrogate outcomes can be translated into clinical outcomes using a Monte Carlo modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Monte Carlo modeling can be used to translate surrogate outcomes into clinical outcomes. Statistically significant changes in anticoagulation control did not translate to significant differences in clinical outcomes. This methodology could be applied to other areas in medicine to assess surrogate outcomes. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - June 22, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Carl van Walraven, Natalie Oake, Doug Coyle, Monica Taljaard, Alan J. Forster Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias clarify measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shiftEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: It is important to distinguish between measurement and conceptual perspectives as they involve different ideas about response shift. Definitions from both perspectives help to resolve conceptual and methodological confusion around response shift and to further its research. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - June 21, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Frans J. Oort, Mechteld R.M. Visser, Mirjam A.G. Sprangers Tags: Theoretical Perspectives Source Type: journals

Graphical models illustrated complex associations between variables describing human functioningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Graphical modeling of human functioning using data collected by means of the ICF yields clinically meaningful results. The structures found may be the basis for the identification of suitable targets for rehabilitation interventions, the identification of confounders and intermediate variables, and the selection of parsimonious sets of variables for multivariate epidemiological modeling. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - June 21, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ralf Strobl, Gerold Stucki, Eva Grill, Martin Müller, Ulrich Mansmann Tags: International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health Source Type: journals

Items from patient-oriented instruments can be integrated into interval scales to operationalize categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and HealthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The ICF category interval scales to operationalize single ICF categories can be constructed. The original format of the items included in the interval scales remains unchanged. This study represents a step forward in the operationalization and future implementation of the ICF. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - June 21, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Alarcos Cieza, Roger Hilfiker, Annelies Boonen, Somnath Chatterji, Nenad Kostanjsek, Bedirhan T. Üstün, Gerold Stucki Tags: International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health Source Type: journals

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health could be used to measure functioningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: For the first time, a cross-cultural clinical measure of functioning was constructed which integrates ICF categories. The results of this investigation are promising and can contribute to the acceptance and usefulness of the ICF in clinical practice. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - June 21, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Alarcos Cieza, Roger Hilfiker, Somnath Chatterji, Nenad Kostanjsek, Bedirhan T. Üstün, Gerold Stucki Tags: International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health Source Type: journals

Table of ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 29, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 29, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Are large trials less reliable than small trials?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To the editor: Borm et al. discuss that the results of a single trial often may not appropriately reflect the heterogeneity in a field of clinical research. Although this is not implausible, in our view this article deserves a couple of comments. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 28, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Gerta Rücker, Guido Schwarzer, Martin Schumacher, James Carpenter Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: journals

Publicity does not increase recruitment to falls prevention trials: the results of two quasi-randomized trialsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: These two large experiments revealed no evidence of effect of publicity on recruitment rates. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 27, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Alison Pighills, David J. Torgerson, Trevor Sheldon Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Changing author counts in five major general medicine journals: effect of author contribution formsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Based on the presented objective and indirect evidence, required author contribution forms were not associated with a decrease in author counts. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 26, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Mark Otto Baerlocher, Tina Gautam, Marshall Newton, George Tomlinson Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Differences between univariate and bivariate models for summarizing diagnostic accuracy may not be largeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Bivariate estimates of sensitivity and specificity generate summary LRs similar to those derived with univariate methods. Our empiric results suggest that recalculating LRs in published research will not likely create dramatic changes as a function of the random effects measure chosen. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 18, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: David L. Simel, Patrick M.M. Bossuyt Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

“Population-based outcome studies” of therapy: potentially useful, but not a panaceaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is widely recognized that, for all of their virtues, randomized trials cannot be relied on to provide answers to all of our questions regarding the impact of medical interventions . For example, the nature and duration of a protocol for administering a given treatment may differ between the setting of the trial and that of medical practice more generally. Also, it is possible that in some regards, patients who fall outside a trial's eligibility criteria may be atypical in their response to the treatment. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Noel S. Weiss Tags: Commentary Source Type: journals

A review of solutions for diagnostic accuracy studies with an imperfect or missing reference standardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Most of the methods try to impute, adjust, or construct a reference standard. In situations that deviate only marginally from the classical diagnostic accuracy paradigm, these are valuable methods. In cases where an acceptable reference standard does not exist, the concept of clinical test validation may provide an alternative paradigm to evaluate a diagnostic test. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Johannes B. Reitsma, Anne W.S. Rutjes, Khalid S. Khan, Arri Coomarasamy, Patrick M. Bossuyt Tags: Review Articles Source Type: journals

Information for Contributors (p 2)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Information for ContributorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

The use of beta agonists and the risk of death and near death from asthmaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the late 1980s, together with other colleagues in Wellington, New Zealand, I conducted a series of case–control studies , which indicated that the use of inhaled fenoterol was associated with an increased risk of death from asthma. The findings were of potential public health importance, because there was an epidemic of asthma deaths in New Zealand, which we attributed to the high market share for fenoterol ; fenoterol had similar pharmacological properties as isoprenaline forte, which had caused asthma mortality epidemics in six countries (including New Zealand) in the 1960s . (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - May 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Neil Pearce Tags: Honoring Walter O. Spitzer, 1937-2006 Source Type: journals