Journal of Communication DisordersThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest items in this publication.

Pages: 1 2 3 4

153 records returned

The contribution of processing impairments to SLI: Insights from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Slowed speed of processing and impaired rapid temporal processing (RTP) have been proposed to underlie specific language impairment (SLI), but it is not clear that these dysfunctions are unique to SLI. We considered the contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which frequently co-occurs with language impairments, to performances on processing tasks. School-aged children who had SLI without concurrent ADHD (n=14), ADHD without concurrent SLI (n=14), and typical development (TD, n=28) performed two nonverbal speeded tasks and one auditory RTP task. RTP impairments were found in many children with ...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - October 3, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Oram Cardy JE, Tannock R, Johnson AM, Johnson CJ Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

University students' perceptions of the life effects of stuttering.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An open-ended, written survey was administered to 146 university students who did not stutter to obtain their impressions of the effects of stuttering on the lives of people who stutter (PWS). Participants first wrote about the general effects of stuttering and then considered how their lives would be different if they stuttered. Both types of responses, while not qualitatively different, indicated that participants were more likely to focus on negative listener reactions and barriers to social, academic, and occupational success when they imagined themselves as PWS. Fewer participants indicated that PWS may positively...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - September 22, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Hughes S, Gabel R, Irani F, Schlagheck A Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Voice onset time in Parkinson disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research has found that speaking rate has an effect on voice onset time (VOT). Given that Parkinson disease (PD) affects speaking rate, the purpose of this study was to examine VOT with the effect of rate removed (VOT ratio), along with the traditional VOT measure, in individuals with PD. VOT and VOT ratio were examined in 9 individuals with PD (before and after taking medication), along with 9 matched controls. Place of articulation and vowel height had significant effects on VOT and VOT ratio for all groups, and there were no PD versus control differences. PD medication had a greater effect on VOT than VOT ratio, ref...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - August 10, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Fischer E, Goberman AM Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Kinematics of disease progression in bulbar ALS.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The goal of this study was to investigate the deterioration of lip and jaw movements during speech longitudinally in three individuals diagnosed with bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study was motivated by the need to understand the relationship between physiologic changes in speech movements and clinical measures of speech performance such as speaking rate and speech intelligibility. Movements of the lip and jaw were quantified with respect to their size speed, and duration. The data revealed several changes in lip and jaw movement that coincided with ALS progression. In two out of three speakers, the c...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - July 23, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Yunusova Y, Green JR, Lindstrom MJ, Ball LJ, Pattee GL, Zinman L Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Variation, implied pathology, social meaning, and the 'gay lisp': A response to Van Borsel et al. (2009).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This brief communication is a response to the article "The prevalence of lisping in gay men" (Van Borsel, J., De Bruyn, E., Lefebvre, E., Sokoloff, A., De Ley, S., & Baudonck, N. 2009. Journal of Communication Disorders, 42, 100-106). I argue aspects of that study's design, measurement, and interpretation limit the strength of its authors' conclusions that there is a higher incidence of lisping in gay men than in heterosexual men. Suggestions for further research are presented. PMID: 19651415 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders)
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - July 13, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Munson B Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Language and theory of mind in preschool children with specific language impairment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Language plays a critical role in the development of theory of mind (ToM). There is limited research, however, examining the role of specific components of language in ToM development for typical and clinical populations. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relative contributions of general grammar, grammatical tense markers, syntactic complementation, and receptive vocabulary on understanding standard ToM tasks in preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI). Thirty-four children with language disorders, ages 42-65 months, were administered a series of language and ToM measures. Hierarchic...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - July 9, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Farrar MJ, Johnson B, Tompkins V, Easters M, Zilisi-Medus A, Benigno JP Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

The use of main concept analysis to measure discourse production in Cantonese-speaking persons with aphasia: A preliminary report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discourse produced by speakers with aphasia contains rich and valuable information for researchers to understand the manifestation of aphasia as well as for clinicians to plan specific treatment components for their clients. Various approaches to investigate aphasic discourse have been proposed in the English literature. However, this is not the case in Chinese. As a result, clinical evaluations of aphasic discourse have not been a common practice. This problem is further compounded by the lack of validated stimuli that are culturally appropriate for language elicitation. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to d...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - July 9, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Kong AP Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Cortical development, plasticity and re-organization in children with cochlear implants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A basic tenet of developmental neurobiology is that certain areas of the cortex will re-organize, if appropriate stimulation is withheld for long periods. Stimulation must be delivered to a sensory system within a narrow window of time (a sensitive period) if that system is to develop normally. In this article, we will describe age cut-offs for a sensitive period for central auditory development in children who receive cochlear implants. We will review de-coupling and re-organization of cortical areas, which are presumed to underlie the end of the sensitive period in congenitally deaf humans and cats. Finally, we prese...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Sharma A, Nash AA, Dorman M Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Magnetic resonance imaging--insights into brain injury and outcomes in premature infants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preterm birth is a major public-health issue because of its increasing incidence combined with the frequent occurrence of subsequent behavioral, neurological, and psychiatric challenges faced by surviving infants. Approximately 10-15% of very preterm children (born<30 weeks gestational age) develop cerebral palsy, and 30-60% of them experience cognitive impairments. These adverse outcomes are related to a confluence of abnormal brain development along with white (WM) and gray matter (GM) injury sustained during the neonatal period. It is becoming apparent that the extra-uterine environment during this critical perio...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Mathur A, Inder T Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Modulation, adaptation, and control of orofacial pathways in healthy adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although the healthy adult possesses a large repertoire of coordinative strategies for oromotor behaviors, a range of nonverbal, speech-like movements can be observed during speech. The extent of overlap among sensorimotor speech and nonspeech neural correlates and the role of neuromodulatory inputs generated during oromotor behaviors are unknown. The focus of this review is to consider the adaptive capacity of the orofacial substrate, and the neural correlates of kinematic parameter encoding at cortical and subcortical levels subserving oromotor behaviors. Special emphasis is directed toward distributed neural network...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Estep ME Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Preface to the 18th annual ASHA-NIH research symposium: Neurobiological determinants of communication development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19406433 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders)
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Barlow SM, Green JR Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Evolving the language-ready brain and the social mechanisms that support language.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We first review the mirror-system hypothesis on the evolution of the language-ready brain, stressing the important role of imitation and protosign in providing the scaffolding for protospeech. We then assess the role of social interaction and non-specific knowledge of language in the emergence of new sign languages in deaf communities (focusing on Nicaraguan Sign Language). LEARNING OUTCOMES: (1) Readers will understand the difference between mirror systems in humans and monkeys, and see how the evolution of imitation and protosign required the biological evolution of mirror systems with linkages to diverse regions bey...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Arbib MA Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Motor-auditory-visual integration: The role of the human mirror neuron system in communication and communication disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a trimodal system composed of neuronal populations that respond to motor, visual, and auditory stimulation, such as when an action is performed, observed, heard or read about. In humans, the MNS has been identified using neuroimaging techniques (such as fMRI and mu suppression in the EEG). It reflects an integration of motor-auditory-visual information processing related to aspects of language learning including action understanding and recognition. Such integration may also form the basis for language-related constructs such as theory of mind. In this article, we review the MNS system...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Le Bel RM, Pineda JA, Sharma A Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Insults to the developing brain and impact on neurodevelopmental outcome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Premature infants have a disproportionately increased risk for brain injury based on several mechanisms including intraventricular hemorrhage, ischemia and the vulnerability of developing neuronal progenitor cells. Injury to the developing brain often results in neurologic abnormalities that can be correlated with a structural lesion; however more subtle injury may result in disruption of critical neural pathways. There also appears to be an important relationship between brain injury in the cortex and the growth and developing cerebellum. Although the survival rate for premature has improved over the past decade, rese...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Adams-Chapman I Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Early speech motor development: Cognitive and linguistic considerations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This longitudinal investigation examines developmental changes in orofacial movements occurring during the early stages of communication development. The goals were to identify developmental trends in early speech motor performance and to determine how these trends differ across orofacial behaviors thought to vary in cognitive and linguistic demands (i.e., silent spontaneous movements, babble, and first words). Movements of the lower lip and jaw were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Twenty-four infants were observed every 3 months, from 9 to 21 months of age. Jaw and lower lip speed, and lower ...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - June 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Nip IS, Green JR, Marx DB Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Laryngeal aerodynamics associated with oral contraceptive use: Preliminary findings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in laryngeal aerodynamic measures during connected speech associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use. Eight women taking an OC, and eight others not taking an OC, participated in the study. Three trials of syllable /p/repetitions were obtained using a circumferentially vented face mask and small translabial tube. All participants were recorded on or near days 7 and 14 of their menstrual cycle. Subglottal pressure (P(SG)) and average airflow rates were obtained to determine laryngeal airway resistance. Glottal airflow measures of peak flow, minimum flow, alt...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - May 20, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Gorham-Rowan M, Fowler L Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Intra-speaker variability in palatometric measures of consonant articulation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Electropalatometry is a useful clinical and research tool for measuring linguapalatal contact. The goal of this study was to examine intra-speaker variability in performance. Twenty individuals spoke VCV nonsense words using a schwa in the initial position, the 15 palatal consonants, and three corner vowels, /a/, /i/, /u/. A variability index was created to examine speaker consistency. Different aspects of articulation (i.e. place, manner, voicing, coarticulation) were compared. Significant differences for variability were found for place of articulation in the /i/ vowel context and for manner of articulation in the /a...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - May 8, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Dromey C, Sanders M Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Comprehensive management of psychogenic dysphonia: A case illustration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Psychogenic dysphonia refers to the loss of voice, in the absence of apparent structural or neurological pathology. It is a disorder seen more often in women and is usually associated with significant life events and emotional difficulties that may lead to conflict over speaking. Therapeutic interventions in voice disorders recommend the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The following is a case illustration of a 50-year-old married lady with dysphonia and significant marital difficulties. Learning outcomes: The case demonstrates the psychological issues in the onset and maintenance of psychogenic v...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - May 2, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Sudhir PM, Chandra PS, Shivashankar N, Yamini BK Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Auditory preferences of young children with and without hearing loss for meaningful auditory-visual compound stimuli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Experiment 1 examined modality preferences in children and adults with normal hearing to combined auditory-visual stimuli. Experiment 2 compared modality preferences in children using cochlear implants participating in an auditory emphasized therapy approach to the children with normal hearing from Experiment 1. A second objective in both experiments was to evaluate the role of familiarity in these preferences. Participants were exposed to randomized blocks of photographs and sounds of ten familiar and ten unfamiliar animals in auditory-only, visual-only and auditory-visual trials. Results indicated an overall auditory...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - May 2, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Zupan B, Sussman JE Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Response time in adults with a history of language difficulties.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the study was to investigate speed of processing in college students with a history of problems with language. Affected individuals (n=16) were identified through a self-reported history of language and/or reading difficulties, and compared to a group of 16 unaffected individuals. Measures of language ability and a battery of response time tasks were administered. Results showed that the affected group had lower language performance and slower response time than the unaffected group. Better language performance was associated with faster response time, and this relationship was stronger in the affected g...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - April 14, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Miller CA, Poll GH Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Fast mapping semantic features: Performance of adults with normal language, history of disorders of spoken and written language, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on a word-learning task.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Adults with language and attention deficits are more impaired at word learning than adults with language deficits only. Despite behavioral profiles like typical peers, adults with hDSWL may use different processing strategies than their peers. Learning Outcomes: Readers will be able to: (1) recognize the influence of a dual disability (hDSWL and ADHD) on word learning outcomes; (2) identify factors that may contribute to word learning in adults in terms of (a) the nature of the words to be learned and (b) the language processing of the learner. PMID: 19439319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Jo...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - April 4, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Alt M, Gutmann ML Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Awareness and reactions of young stuttering children aged 2-7 years old towards their speech disfluency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Awareness has been an important factor in theories of onset and development of stuttering. So far it has been suggested that even young children might be aware of their speech difficulty. The purpose of the present study was to investigate (a) the number of stuttering children aware of their speech difficulty, (b) the description of reported behavioural expression of awareness, (c) the relationship with age-related variables and with stuttering severity. For a total group of 1122 children with mean age of 4 year 7 months (range 2-7 years old), parental-reported unambiguous verbal and non-verbal reactions as a response ...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - March 31, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Boey RA, Van de Heyning PH, Wuyts FL, Heylen L, Stoop R, De Bodt MS Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Age-related changes in acoustic characteristics of adult speech.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper addresses effects of age and sex on certain acoustic properties of speech, given conflicting findings on such effects reported in prior research. The speech of 27 younger adults (15 women, 12 men; mean age 25.5 years) and 59 older adults (32 women, 27 men; mean age 75.2 years) was evaluated for identification of differences for sex and age group across measures of fundamental and formant frequencies (F0, F1, F2 and F3) and voice onset time (VOT). There were significant sex-by-age group interactions for F0, F1, and VOT, some of which were specific to individual speech sounds. The findings suggest that further...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - March 31, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Torre P, Barlow JA Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Processing prosodic structure by adults with language-based learning disability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two experiments investigated the ability of adults with a history of language-based learning disability (hLLD) and their normal language (NL) peers to learn prosodic patterns of a novel language. Participants were exposed to stimuli from an artificial language and tested on items that required generalization of the stress patterns and the hierarchical principles of stress assignment that could be inferred from the input. In Study 1, the NL group successfully generalized the patterns of stress heard during familiarization, but failed to show generalization of the hierarchical principles. The hLLD group performed at chan...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - February 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Bahl M, Plante E, Gerken L Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

The effects of self-generated synchronous and asynchronous visual speech feedback on overt stuttering frequency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that synchronous and asynchronous self-generated visual speech feedback is associated with significant reductions in overt stuttering frequency. Study results were discussed relative to existing theoretical models of fluency-enhancement via speech feedback, such as the engagement of mirror neuron networks, the EXPLAN model, and the Dual Premotor System Hypothesis. Further research in the area of self-generated visual speech feedback, as well as theoretical constructs accounting for how exposure to a multi-sensory speech feedback enhances fluency, is warranted. LEARNING OUTCOMES: : Readers wi...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - February 28, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Snyder GJ, Hough MS, Blanchet P, Ivy LJ, Waddell D Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Characteristics of Korean phonology: Review, tutorial, and case studies of Korean children speaking English.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe considerations for more appropriate evaluation and treatment of speech sound disorders in Korean-English-speaking children. Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to: (1) understand phonological characteristics of the Korean language and speech sound acquisition and developmental patterns for phonological process in Korean children, (2) describe characteristics of English speech sound acquisition in successive bilingual English-Korean learners and interference patterns that result from the influence of two independent phonological and phonetic systems, and (3) describe considerations and clinical implications ...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - January 20, 2009 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Ha S, Johnson CJ, Kuehn DP Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Influence of stuttering variation on talker group classification in preschool children: Preliminary findings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether variations in disfluencies of young children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) significantly change their talker group classification or diagnosis from stutterer to nonstutterer, and vice versa. Participants consisted of seventeen 3- to 5-year-old CWS and nine 3- to 5-year-old CWNS, with no statistically significant between-group difference in chronological age (CWS: M=45.53 months, S.D.=8.32; CWNS: M=47.67 months, S.D.=6.69). All participants had speech, language, and hearing development within normal limits, with the exception of stuttering for CWS. Both talke...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - December 24, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Johnson KN, Karrass J, Conture EG, Walden T Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Early language development of children at familial risk of dyslexia: Speech perception and production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Speech perception and speech production were examined in 3-year-old Dutch children at familial risk of developing dyslexia. Their performance in speech sound categorisation and their production of words was compared to that of age-matched children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing controls. We found that speech perception and production performance of children with SLI and children at familial risk of dyslexia was poorer than that of controls. The results of the at-risk and SLI-group were highly similar. Analysis of the individual data revealed that both groups contained subgroups with go...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - November 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Gerrits E, de Bree E Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Communication attitude of Italian children who do and do not stutter.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this factorial study was to establish normative data for the Italian version of the Communication Attitude Test (CAT) in order to determine whether or not the speech-associated attitude reported by Italian children who stutter (CWS) differs significantly from that of their nonstuttering peers (CWNS). Toward this end, the Italian CAT was administered to 149 CWS and 148 CWNS between the ages of 6 and 14. The results showed that the mean CAT score of the CWS sampled is higher, to a statistically significant extent, than that of their nonstuttering peers. Moreover, age and gender did not differentially affec...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - November 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Bernardini S, Vanryckeghem M, Brutten GJ, Cocco L, Zmarich C Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Articulatory changes in muscle tension dysphonia: Evidence of vowel space expansion following manual circumlaryngeal therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a preliminary study, we documented significant changes in formant transitions associated with successful manual circumlaryngeal treatment (MCT) of muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), suggesting improvement in speech articulation. The present study explores further the effects of MTD on vowel articulation by means of additional vowel acoustic measures. Pre- and post-treatment audio recordings of 111 women with MTD were analyzed acoustically using two measures: vowel space area (VSA) and vowel articulation index (VAI), constructed using the first (F1) and second (F2) formants of 4 point vowels/ a, i, ae, u/, extracted fro...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - November 1, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Roy N, Nissen SL, Dromey C, Sapir S Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

The early lexical development and its predictive value to language skills at 2 years in very-low-birth-weight children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this longitudinal study was to obtain information on the early lexical development and its predictive value to language skills in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) children. The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory was used to collect data of the early receptive and expressive lexicon of the 32 VLBW children. This information was compared to the data of 35 full-term controls. The children's language skills were tested using Reynell Developmental Language Scales at 2 years. The growth of the receptive lexicon was slower, and the language skills poorer in VLBW children. The early receptive lexicon growth w...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - October 25, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Stolt S, Haataja L, Lapinleimu H, Lehtonen L Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Fundamental frequency and gender identification in standard esophageal and tracheoesophageal speakers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between fundamental frequency (Fo) and gender identification in standard esophageal (ES) or tracheoesophageal (TE) speakers. Twenty-three male and 20 female ES and TE speakers participated in this study. Recordings of these speakers reading the Rainbow Passage were played to 48 listeners who indicated perceived gender in a forced choice format. Fo was determined using PC-AUDED [Boston University (1991). Using PC-AUDED, Audio-editor and analyses program for the study of periodic segments. Boston: Boston University]. Seventy-nine percent of the speake...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - September 19, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Bellandese MH Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

The prevalence of lisping in gay men.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the stereotype that gay men lisp. Two clinicians who were unaware of the specific purpose of the study and the populations involved judged randomized audio-recordings of 175 gay males, 100 heterosexual males and 100 heterosexual females for the presence of lisping during reading of a standardized text. In the gay males a significantly higher prevalence of lisping was found than in the heterosexual males and females. Breakdown of the results of the gay participants in two different age groups showed a higher prevalence of lisping in the younger age group than in the older age group. No relation was foun...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - September 19, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Van Borsel J, De Bruyn E, Lefebvre E, Sokoloff A, De Ley S, Baudonck N Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Noun-verb ambiguity in chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated noun-verb retrieval patterns of 30 adults with chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia and 67 typical adults, to determine if schizophrenia affected nouns (associated with temporal lobe function) differently from verbs (associated with frontal lobe function). Stimuli were homophonic homographic homonyms, balanced according to frequency of occurrence, where N>V, N<V, or N approximately V. Systematicity effects, in which systematic noun and verb meanings are transparently related (e.g., "drain"), and unsystematic noun and verb meanings appear to be unrelated (e.g., "seal"), were also examined. Ad...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - September 19, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Goldfarb R, Bekker N Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Bossy and nice requests: Varying language register in speakers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ability to vary language style or register is important for successfully navigating social situations. For example, we speak differently to our boss than we do to our children. This project examined whether high-functioning speakers with ASD were able to vary the language used for requests along continua of "politeness/bossiness", whether any such adjustments were similar to those made by appropriately matched controls, and whether speakers with ASD were able to accurately interpret politeness/bossiness registers. High-functioning children and adolescents (aged 6-16) with ASD were compared to matched typically deve...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - September 4, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Volden J, Sorenson A Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Enhancing the personal narrative skills of elementary school-aged students who use AAC: The effectiveness of personal narrative intervention.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Children who use augmentative and alternative communication have been found to experience significant difficulties in the production of fictional and personal narratives. The important role of personal narratives in establishing personal and social identity has received substantial attention in developmental psychology but little attention in the field of communication disorders. The present study analyzes the effect of an intervention program designed to improve the personal narrative skills of three girls who experience severe communication disorders and use AAC. The study included two personal narrative activities, ...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - August 27, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Soto G, Solomon-Rice P, Caputo M Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Predicted and observed outcomes in preschool children following speech and language treatment: Parent and clinician perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parents of 210 preschool children (age 2-5.7) and their clinicians were asked to describe their expectations for therapy and the changes they observed following treatment. Based on content analysis of the parents' and clinicians' responses, it was apparent that the comments aligned with the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) framework. Parents and clinicians observed positive changes across the ICF-CY domains of Body Functions, Activities and Participation and Personal Factors following therapy. Parents noted twice as man...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - August 27, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Thomas-Stonell N, Oddson B, Robertson B, Rosenbaum P Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Analysis of compositional data in communication disorders research.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a statistical technique, previously used in geological and biomedical research, which can be used to analyse all behaviors in compositional data sets, and give examples of its use with interaction data. The technique allows, for the first time, full comparison of entire patterns of multiple communication behaviors, both over time and between clinical groups. The technique will aid both basic and applied communication research. Learning outcomes: Readers will understand the advantages and limitations of frequency counts and proportions for the analysis of multiple behaviors. Readers will be able to analyze chang...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - July 12, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Pennington L, James P, McNally R, Pay H, McConachie H Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

The importance of vocal affect to bimodal processing of emotion: Implications for individuals with traumatic brain injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the importance of vocal affect cues in interpreting emotion. Expression of vocal affect in persons with TBI is also briefly discussed since difficulty in controlling and manipulating vocal cues of emotion when speaking may also contribute to poor social outcomes. A review of the literature in acoustic parameters that contribute to identification and expression of emotions is followed by a discussion on the integration of visual and auditory cues in bimodal processing and the relationship between facial and vocal affect in persons with TBI. Learning Outcomes: Readers will be able to: 1) Identify the p...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - July 9, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Zupan B, Neumann D, Babbage DR, Willer B Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Telediagnostic assessment of intelligibility in dysarthria: A pilot investigation of MVP-online.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: MVP-online is an efficient, reliable and valid method for the assessment of intelligibility in dysarthria. It is useful for clinical standard diagnosis, for large-scale studies of speech motor impairment, and for longitudinal studies, e.g. in treatment research. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to (1) understand the requirements to be met by clinical methods of intelligibility testing in the assessment of dysarthria, (2) evaluate the design of a new, computer-based rhyme test, (3) estimate the value of a tele-diagnostic approach in diagnosis, and (4) discuss the psychometric properties of intelligibi...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - May 16, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Ziegler W, Zierdt A Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Comparison of the recovery patterns of language and cognitive functions in patients with post-traumatic language processing deficits and in patients with aphasia following a stroke.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated the recovery patterns of language and cognitive functions in patients with post-traumatic language processing deficits and in patients with aphasia following a stroke. The correlation of specific language functions and cognitive functions was analyzed in the acute phase and 6 months later. Significant recovery of the tested functions was observed in both groups. However, in patients with post-traumatic language processing deficits the degree of recovery of most language functions and some cognitive functions was higher. A significantly greater correlation was revealed within language and cogni...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - May 4, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Vukovic M, Vuksanovic J, Vukovic I Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Contributions of language and memory demands to verbal memory performance in language-learning disabilities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of adults with language-based learning disorders (L/LD) and normal language controls on verbal short-term and verbal working memory tasks. Eighteen adults with L/LD and 18 normal language controls were compared on verbal short-term memory and verbal working memory tasks under low, moderate, and high linguistic processing loads. Results indicate no significant group differences on all verbal short-term memory tasks and verbal working memory tasks with low and moderate language loads. Statistically significant group differences were found on the most taxing cond...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - April 1, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Isaki E, Spaulding TJ, Plante E Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Ethical and social implications of genetic testing for communication disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Advances in genetics and genomics have quickly led to clinical applications to human health which have far-reaching consequences at the individual and societal levels. These new technologies have allowed a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in a wide range of disorders. During the past decade, incredible progress has been made in the identification of genes involved in the normal process of hearing. The resulting clinical applications have presented consumers with new information and choices. Many of the same gene identification techniques are increasingly being applied to the investigation of complex...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - March 25, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Arnos KS Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Lexical priming of function words and content words with children who do, and do not, stutter.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The specific mechanisms that underlie childhood stuttering are not fully understood. The current study investigated these mechanisms by comparing the effect on fluency of priming different components of a short sentence. The main findings were that: (1) both children who stutter (CWS) (n=12, M age=6;3) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) (n=12, M age=6;6) were more fluent after function word (FW) priming than content word (CW) priming, (2) this effect was significantly greater for CWS than for CWNS, and (3) after FW priming, CWS produced CWs with significantly longer duration than did CWNS. These findings are discus...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - March 10, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Savage C, Howell P Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Bite-block perturbation in people who stutter: Immediate compensatory and delayed adaptive processes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This exploratory study investigated sensory-motor mechanisms in five people who stutter (PWS) and five people who do not (PNS). Lip kinematic and coordination data were recorded as they produced bi-syllabic nonwords at two rates (normal and fast) in three conditions (jaw-free, immediately after insertion of a bite-block, and after a 10-min accommodation period). At normal speech rates, effects of bite-blocks on lip kinematics were similar for both PWS and PNS speakers showing larger amplitudes, peak velocities, shorter durations and more stable movement cycle patterns. However, at fast speech rates upper lip responses ...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - March 2, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Namasivayam AK, van Lieshout P, De Nil L Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Noise levels during aerobics and the potential effects on distortion product otoacoustic emissions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to measure noise levels during aerobics classes and to examine how outer hair cell (OHC) function, using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), may be affected by this exposure. Fifty individuals (48 women and 2 men, ages 19-41 years) participated in 50-min aerobics classes. Noise levels were measured using noise dosimeters placed on the collar near the test ear. The audiometric protocol consisted of a questionnaire, otoscopy, screening tympanometry, and pre- and post-aerobics DPOAEs. The minute-by-minute peak noise levels varied between 90.5 and 99.7dBA. The overall mean noise...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - February 29, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Torre P, Howell JC Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Comparison of performance on two nonverbal intelligence tests by adolescents with and without language impairment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Definitions of specific language impairment (SLI), for both research and clinical purposes, often state that nonverbal IQ scores must be within normal limits. This use of nonverbal IQ has been criticized on several grounds, including lack of equivalence between tests. In the current study, a sample of 204 adolescents with and without language impairment took two nonverbal IQ tests. Scores on the tests were compared, as was the classification of individuals into diagnostic categories according to the two tests. Results indicated that there were significant differences between test scores for clinical subgroups, and clas...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - February 29, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Miller CA, Gilbert E Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Phonological patterns in the conversational speech of children with cochlear implants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this descriptive, longitudinal study, phonological patterns (i.e., natural phonological processes) were examined in a set of conversational speech samples obtained from six young children fitted with cochlear implants. Both developmental and non-developmental patterns were observed. This is consistent with findings from previous studies of the speech of children with hearing loss who wear hearing aids. Several of the patterns found were also the same as those reported in previous studies of children with cochlear implants. One developmental pattern and two non-developmental patterns were significantly correlated wit...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - February 9, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Flipsen P, Parker RG Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

Further defining the language impairment of autism: Is there a specific language impairment subtype?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some children with autism demonstrate poor nonword repetition-a deficit considered to be a psycholinguistic marker of specific language impairment (SLI). The present study examined whether there is an SLI subtype among children with autism. We compared the language abilities of children with SLI (n=34, M age=11;10 S.D.=2;3), and children with autism with (Apoor, n=18, M age=10;11 S.D.=3;1) and without (Aapp, n=16, M age=10;8 S.D.=2;7) structural language difficulties. Participants were administered battery of standardized language and memory tests. Although there were some similarities in the language profile of the SL...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - January 20, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Whitehouse AJ, Barry JG, Bishop DV Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals

A comparison between word and nonword reading in Down syndrome: The role of phonological awareness.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to examine whether any observed relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability in Down syndrome reflects the typical use of a phonologically based approach to reading, 12 children and young adults with Down syndrome were assessed for reading and phonological awareness skills. They were compared to a control group of 14 typically developing 6- and 7-year-olds of comparable word reading abilities. Results showed that, although individuals with Down syndrome had impaired nonword reading and phonological awareness skills, the same relationship held between these two abilities as was observed in th...
Source: Journal of Communication Disorders - January 19, 2008 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Roch M, Jarrold C Tags: J Commun Disord Source Type: journals