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"The Differentiation of Self Inventory: Development and initial validation": Errata.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reports an error in "The Differentiation of Self Inventory: Development and initial validation" by Elizabeth A. Skowron and Myrna L. Friedlander (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1998[Jul], Vol 45[3], 235-246). In the January 1998 edition of the Journal of Counseling Psychology (Volume 45, Number 3, p. 246), the key to the Appendix was printed incorrectly. Please see the attached errata for further information. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1998-04269-001.) Despite the importance of Bowen theory (M. Bowen, 1976,1978; M. E. Kerr & Bowen, 1988) in the field of family therapy, there have ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Skowron, Elizabeth A.; Friedlander, Myrna L. Source Type: journals

Effects of assertiveness training and expressive writing on acculturative stress in international students: A randomized trial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
International university students often experience acculturative stress, and culturally appropriate techniques to manage stress are needed. This randomized trial tested the effects of group assertiveness training, private expressive writing, their combination, and a wait-list control on the acculturative stress, affect, and health of 118 international students at an urban North American university. Interventions were conducted at the start of a semester, and assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of the semester. Group assertiveness training was rated positively by students and led to lower negative affect, ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tavakoli, Shedeh; Lumley, Mark A.; Hijazi, Alaa M.; Slavin-Spenny, Olga M.; Parris, George P. Source Type: journals

Further validation of the Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale on a sample of university students in the southeastern United States.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the factor structure of the Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale (PCRW; Spanierman & Heppner, 2004) on 766 White American university students from the southeastern United States. Results from confirmatory factor analyses supported the 3-factor model proposed by Spanierman and Heppner (2004). The construct validity of the PCRW was further strengthened by its convergent validity demonstrated by the associations among its subscales and White racial identity attitudes and White privilege attitude. Our findings support the continued exploration of the validity and reliability of the PCRW as well as its utili...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sifford, Amy; Ng, Kok-Mun; Wang, Chuang Source Type: journals

Emotional self-disclosure and emotional avoidance: Relations with symptoms of depression and anxiety.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research suggests that individuals with heightened symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders engage in diminished emotional disclosure. On the basis of emotion regulation theories, the authors hypothesized that this symptom–disclosure relationship would be mediated by the avoidance of emotional experience and expression. In Study 1, college students (N = 831) completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms, measures of tendencies to avoid emotional expression, and measures of tendencies to self-disclose distress. Structural equation modeling revealed that anhedonic depression and anxious arousal were associated with l...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kahn, Jeffrey H.; Garrison, Angela M. Source Type: journals

The role of attachment to family, school, and peers in adolescents’ use of alcohol: A longitudinal study of within-person and between-persons effects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A great deal of time and money has been spent to understand why adolescents abuse alcohol. Some of the most fruitful work considers the social context navigated by adolescents, including family, school, and peer contexts. However, most of this work focuses on differences between adolescents in these contexts. The present study adds to the literature by considering within-person changes in these contexts and examines the extent to which these changes are related to alcohol use. Significant changes in all 3 contexts were observed, and these changes were significantly related to alcohol use. The significant influence of intra...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Henry, Kimberly L.; Oetting, Eugene R.; Slater, Michael D. Source Type: journals

Experienced therapists’ approach to psychotherapy for adults with attachment avoidance or attachment anxiety.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interviews were conducted with therapists (N = 12) nominated by peers as especially effective in working with clients with adult interpersonal problems. Open-ended questions asked how these therapists would approach 2 adult clients described in brief vignettes as having high attachment avoidance or anxiety. A coding team used a grounded theory approach to identify 8 higher order themes in the interviews: Conceptualization, Client Defenses, Managing Boundaries, Markers of Progress, Therapist Reactions, Targeted Interventions, Corrective Relational Patterns, and Internal Representations and Models. These themes were integrat...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Daly, Katherine D.; Mallinckrodt, Brent Source Type: journals

Studying psychotherapy using the one-with-many design: The therapeutic alliance as an exemplar.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a statistical model for analyzing data from studies that use a one-with-many design. This model addresses the problems associated with nonindependence and can address theoretically relevant questions. To illustrate this model, we analyzed data in which 65 therapists and their 227 clients rated their therapeutic alliance. The primary finding was that both therapist and client alliance ratings were largely relational (i.e., specific to the unique therapist–client combination). There was little consensus among clients treated by the same therapist about the quality of the therapeutic alliance, although some thera...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marcus, David K.; Kashy, Deborah A.; Baldwin, Scott A. Source Type: journals

Making cross-racial therapy work: A phenomenological study of clients’ experiences of cross-racial therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A phenomenological and consensual qualitative study of clients’ lived experiences of cross-racial therapy was conducted to enhance the understanding of whether, how, and under what conditions race matters in the therapy relationship. The sample consisted of 16 racial and/or ethnic minority clients who received treatment from 16 White, European American therapists across a range of treatment settings. Participants who reported a satisfying experience of cross-racial therapy (n = 8) were examined in relation to gender-matched controls and, in most cases, race/ethnicity-matched controls (n = 8) who reported an overall unsat...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chang, Doris F.; Berk, Alexandra Source Type: journals

LGB allies and Christian identity: A qualitative exploration of resolving conflicts and integrating identities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A phenomenological method of qualitative inquiry was used to understand the process by which individuals who hold identities of being both a Christian and an ally of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals make meaning of and integrate these 2 identities. Interviews were conducted with 11 doctoral-level psychologists who self-identified as being LGB allies, as holding Christian-based beliefs, and as living in the midwestern United States. Data analysis revealed that integration of Christian and LGB-ally identities involves increasing awareness of conflict among one’s identities or values, experiencing confusion and ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Borgman, Amy L. Source Type: journals

College students’ social justice interest and commitment: A social-cognitive perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the authors examined the degree to which social-cognitive career theory (SCCT; R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994) explained the development of social justice interest and commitment. Data from 274 college students and latent variable path modeling were used to test theoretically and empirically derived SCCT direct and indirect effects structural models. The direct effects model estimated the direct effect of social supports and barriers on social justice commitment and the indirect effects model estimated the effect of social supports and barriers indirectly through self-efficacy. Overall, the pres...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Miller, Matthew J.; Sendrowitz, Kerrin; Connacher, Christopher; Blanco, Susana; de la Peña, Cristina Muñiz; Bernardi, Shaina; Morere, Lauren Source Type: journals

Social class privilege and adolescent women’s perceived career options.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This qualitative study examined the perceived career options of 10 White adolescent young women who experienced social class privilege in their families of origin. The model of contextual privilege and career selection for adolescent White women emerged from the data, and it describes how social class privilege, gender, achievement expectations, experiences, and verbal messages may influence perceived occupational possibilities. The model includes 4 categorical groups: (a) Social Class Identity and Perceptions, (b) Shared Perceptions of Achievement and Expectations, (c) Exposure, and (d) Evaluating Career Options. The find...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lapour, Anne Scott; Heppner, Mary J. Source Type: journals

Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although depression is prevalent among university students, limited and dated research has examined the efficacy of behavioral interventions in treating this population (C. Lee, 2005). On the basis of a modified version of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD; D. R. Hopko & C. W. Lejuez, 2007; C. W. Lejuez, D. R. Hopko, & S. D. Hopko, 2001) that involved a structured single-session intervention and 2-week treatment interval, the authors conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing individualized BATD and a no-treatment control for university students with moderate depression symptoms (N = 30). Outc...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gawrysiak, Michael; Nicholas, Christopher; Hopko, Derek R. Source Type: journals

The relation of secondary traumatization to therapists’ perceptions of the working alliance with clients who commit sexual abuse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors assessed burnout, compassion fatigue, secondary trauma symptoms, and compassion satisfaction in relation to experienced therapists’ perceptions of the working alliance. Participants, 106 specialists in the treatment of clients who commit sexual abuse, completed the Working Alliance Inventory—Short Form (T. J. Tracey & A. M. Kokotovic, 1989) in relation to 1 of their male clients; the Professional Quality of Life Scale—Revised (B. H. Stamm, 2005), which assesses 3 components of work-related adjustment; and the Impact of Events Scale (D. S. Weiss & C. R. Marmar, 1995), a measure of secondary trauma. Results...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carmel, Melissa J. Sheehy; Friedlander, Myrna L. Source Type: journals

Traumatic events among undergraduate students: Prevalence and associated symptoms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This multisite study assessed the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and associated symptoms among undergraduate students (N = 1,528) using online surveys. Most students (85%) reported having experienced a traumatic event in their lifetime (Time 1) and 21% reported experiencing an event over a 2-month period during college (Time 2). The most common event reported at both time points was the unexpected death of a loved one. Lifetime exposures to family violence, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual assault were associated with higher current distress levels. When nominated as a worst event, sexual assault was assoc...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Frazier, Patricia; Anders, Samantha; Perera, Sulani; Tennen, Howard; Tashiro, Ty; Park, Crystal; Tomich, Patricia Source Type: journals

A longitudinal study into the interplay between problem orientation and adolescent well-being.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Past research has documented a link between negative problem orientation (NPO) and poor emotional well-being, but little of this research has focused on adolescence or has collected multiple waves of data. The authors conducted a 3-wave longitudinal survey of 841 adolescents in Grades 8, 9, and 10 (428 boys, 411 girls, 2 unidentified). The survey included measures of NPO, sadness, fear, hostility, and joviality. Structural equation modeling (AMOS 7.0; J. L. Arbuckle, 2006) revealed that adolescents high in NPO experienced increases in fear, sadness, and hostility, and decreases in joviality compared with adolescents low in...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ciarrochi, Joseph; Leeson, Peter; Heaven, Patrick C. L. Source Type: journals

Cultural strengths as moderators of the relationship between acculturation to the mainstream U.S. Society and eating- and body-related concerns among Mexican American women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explored whether 3 culturally relevant variables (i.e., ethnic identity, familism, and enculturation) operated as sources of strength for 209 Mexican American women by buffering the relationship between their acculturation to the mainstream U.S. society and eating- and body-related concerns. In an effort to capture the underlying dimensions of women’s eating- and body-related concerns, the authors used principal components analysis to identify 3 components: control concerns, restricted eating, and body dissatisfaction. As hypothesized, results from a series of hierarchical regressions suggested familism signif...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bettendorf, Sonya K.; Fischer, Ann R. Source Type: journals

The White Privilege Attitudes Scale: Development and initial validation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this article, the authors describe 3 interrelated investigations among White undergraduate and graduate students that document the development and initial validation of the White Privilege Attitudes Scale (WPAS). The WPAS assesses the multidimensional nature of White privilege attitudes, reflecting affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions. In Study 1 (n = 250), exploratory factor analysis suggested a 28-item scale with 4 factors as follows: (a) Willingness to Confront White Privilege, (b) Anticipated Costs of Addressing White Privilege, (c) White Privilege Awareness, and (d) White Privilege Remorse. In Study 2 (n...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pinterits, E. Janie; Poteat, V. Paul; Spanierman, Lisa B. Source Type: journals

Attitudes toward career counseling: The role of public and self-stigma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although many students struggle with career-related issues in college, comparatively few engage the career services offered by their academic institutions for help with their difficulties. In addition, there is little research on the factors influencing students’ decisions to engage in counseling for career-related issues, making it difficult to develop programs to enhance students’ use of career counseling services. The present study examines the relationships between the stigma associated with help seeking and attitudes toward engaging in career counseling. Participants were 509 college students who completed measure...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ludwikowski, Wyndolyn M. A.; Vogel, David; Armstrong, Patrick Ian Source Type: journals

Interpreting the interest–efficacy association from a RIASEC perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) defines self-efficacy as the critical variable that influences the development of career-related beliefs and attitudes, including interest. In comparison, the authors propose that J. L. Holland’s (1997) theory of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) types can be interpreted as supporting an alternative model in which both interest and self-efficacy are components of an individual’s vocational identity. Meta-analytic research indicates that RIASEC-based measures of interest and self-efficacy are positively correlated, but these results ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Armstrong, Patrick Ian; Vogel, David L. Source Type: journals

International student perspectives on graduate advising relationships.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
International graduate students experience a number of unique challenges as they transition through their training programs. Surprisingly, relatively little research has been conducted on perhaps one of the most crucial predictors of international students’ retention and success within their graduate programs: the advising relationship. Using a total of 367 diverse students who responded to a universitywide survey of international students, the authors were able to use quantitative and qualitative analyses to (a) support the adequacy of the Advisory Working Alliance Inventory (L. Z. Schlosser & C. J. Gelso, 2001) for mea...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rice, Kenneth G.; Choi, Chun-Chung; Zhang, Yanmei; Ye, Huan Jacqueline; Nesic, Aleksandra; Bigler, Monica; Anderson, Debra; Villegas, Jorge Source Type: journals

Parental bonds, anxious attachment, media internalization, and body image dissatisfaction: Exploring a mediation model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first purpose of this study was to investigate direct links between body image dissatisfaction (BID) in college women and their memories of either parent as cold and emotionally aloof. Theory, clinical case evidence, and a small (but growing) number of studies support these links. After estimating the strength of the associations between parental “care” and BID, the second goal of this study was to investigate a 2-stage model in which adult attachment anxiety and internalization of media images each serve as mediators of this relationship. Thus, in a sample of 224 college women, the authors tested a causal chain wi...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cheng, Hsiu-Lan; Mallinckrodt, Brent Source Type: journals

Autobiographical memory phenomenology and content mediate attachment style and psychological distress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion focuses on the construction and recollection of memories as underlying mechanisms of adult attachment and psychological distress, the importance of memory coherence, and the implications for counseling research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology)
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sutin, Angelina R.; Gillath, Omri Source Type: journals

The real relationship in psychotherapy: Relationships to adult attachments, working alliance, transference, and therapy outcome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to understand how the real relationship (RR) relates to important process and outcome variables from both the clients’ and therapists’ perspectives. Using a sample of 31 therapist/client dyads at a university counseling center, the authors examined the RR at the 3rd session of therapy and at termination. The results revealed that client adult attachment avoidance was negatively correlated with client RR, while client adult attachment anxiety was uncorrelated. Therapists’ ratings of negative transference were negatively correlated with therapist-rated RR and were uncorrelated with client-...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marmarosh, Cheri L.; Gelso, Charles J.; Markin, Rayna D.; Mallery, Coretta; Choi, Jaehwa; Majors, Rebekah Source Type: journals

Reexamining the relationships between racial identity, cultural mistrust, help-seeking attitudes, and preference for a Black counselor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which Black racial identity attitudes, cultural mistrust, and help-seeking attitudes predicted preference for a Black counselor in a sample of 168 African American adults. Participants were recruited from college and community settings in an urban, southern location in the United States. Participants completed 4 self-report measures: the Cross Racial Identity Scale (B. J. Vandiver et al., 2000), the Cultural Mistrust Inventory (F. Terrell & S. Terrell, 1981), the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help—Short Form (E. H. Fischer & A. Farina, 19...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Townes, Darryl L.; Chavez-Korell, Shannon; Cunningham, Nancy J. Source Type: journals

Keyes's model of mental health with personal growth initiative as a parsimonious predictor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This research addressed issues at the heart of counseling psychology: operationalizing mental health and identifying parsimonious ways of predicting levels of mental health. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the replicability of the structure of C. L. M. Keyes's (2002) model of mental health in 2 samples of college students (total N = 244 women and 223 men). Results of confirmatory factor analyses supported this 3-factor model of psychological, social, and emotional well-being, consisting of 14 subdimensions. Furthermore, this model was found to be invariant for men and women in both samples. The secondar...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Robitschek, Christine; Keyes, Corey L. M. Source Type: journals

Preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of psychological treatments delivered at a university counseling center.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Treatment data from a university counseling center (UCC) that utilized the Outcome Questionnaire–45.2 (OQ-45; M. J. Lambert et al., 2004), a self-report general clinical symptom measure, was compared against treatment efficacy benchmarks from clinical trials of adult major depression that utilized similar measures. Statistical analyses suggested that the treatment effect size estimate obtained at this counseling center with clients whose level of psychological distress was above the OQ-45 clinical cutoff score was similar to treatment efficacy observed in clinical trials. Analyses on OQ-45 items suggested that clients el...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Minami, Takuya; Davies, D. Robert; Tierney, Sandra Callen; Bettmann, Joanna E.; McAward, Scott M.; Averill, Lynnette A.; Huebner, Lois A.; Weitzman, Lauren M.; Benbrook, Amy R.; Serlin, Ronald C.; Wampold, Bruce E. Source Type: journals

Measuring perceptions of stigmatization by others for seeking psychological help: Reliability and validity of a new stigma scale with college students.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fear of being stigmatized is the most cited reason why individuals avoid psychotherapy. Conceptually, this fear should be strongest when individuals consider the reactions of those they interact with. Across 5 samples, the authors developed the Perceptions of Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Help (PSOSH) scale. In Sample 1 (N = 985), the 5 items of the PSOSH were selected (a = .91). In Sample 2 (N = 842), the unidimensional factor structure of the scale was examined across a diverse sample. In Sample 3 (N = 506), concurrent validity was supported through moderate associations with 3 different stigma measures (i.e., pub...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vogel, David L.; Wade, Nathaniel G.; Ascheman, Paul L. Source Type: journals

"Examining the relationship between multiple internalized oppressions and African American lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning persons’ self-esteem and psychological distress”: Correction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relations between multiple internalized oppressions and African American sexual minority persons' self-esteem and psychological distress. Results indicated that when examined together, internalized racism and internalized heterosexism (also known as internalized homophobia) were both significant negative predictors of self-esteem, but only internalized heterosexism was a unique positive predictor of psychological distress. The interaction of internalized racism and internalized heterosexism was not a significant predictor of self-esteem or psychological distress. Finally, the authors' findings indic...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Szymanski, Dawn M.; Gupta, Arpana Source Type: journals

Depression and everyday social activity, belonging, and well-being.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dysfunctional social behavior has been implicated in the experience of depression. People with higher levels of depressive symptoms report more frequent negative social interactions and react more strongly to them. It remains unknown, however, whether reaction strength differs depending on whether social interactions are positive or negative. Drawing on socioevolutionary models of depression (N. B. Allen & P. B. T. Badcock, 2003), the authors propose that people with higher levels of depressive symptoms should react more strongly not only to negative social interactions but also to positive social interactions and a sense ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Steger, Michael F.; Kashdan, Todd B. Source Type: journals

Basic need satisfaction and identity formation: Bridging self-determination theory and process-oriented identity research.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The fulfillment of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as postulated within self-determination theory was hypothesized to play an energizing role in identity formation, conceptualized as multiple dimensions of exploration and commitment. Two studies among high school and college students (N = 714) were conducted to investigate (a) the cross-sectional relationships between need satisfaction and the identity dimensions and (b) the direction of effects using cross-lagged analyses. Three competing longitudinal models were tested: a need satisfaction main-effects model, an identity main-effec...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luyckx, Koen; Vansteenkiste, Maarten; Goossens, Luc; Duriez, Bart Source Type: journals

Perfectionism and bulimic symptoms in African American college women: Dimensions of perfectionism and their interactions with perceived weight status.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study had 2 primary aims: (a) to examine the unique relations between maladaptive and adaptive dimensions of perfectionism and bulimic symptoms and (b) to test an interactive model of perfectionism and perceived weight status for bulimic symptoms in a sample of African American female undergraduates. The sample consisted of 97 women at Time 1 and 70 women at Time 2 about 5 months later, with bulimic symptoms assessed at both time points. Results showed that maladaptive perfectionism, but not adaptive perfectionism, was uniquely related to bulimic symptoms in cross-sectional analyses. Tests of interaction effects indic...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bardone-Cone, Anna M.; Weishuhn, Amanda S.; Boyd, Clarissa A. Source Type: journals

A test and extension of objectification theory as it predicts disordered eating: Does women's age matter?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When predicting disordered eating, models incorporating several of objectification theory's (B. L. Fredrickson & T. A. Roberts, 1997) core constructs (i.e., sexual objectification, self-objectification, body shame, poor interoceptive awareness) have been empirically supported with women of traditional undergraduate age who are consistent in age with the youthful-ideal prototype for women presented in the media. The present study extended this research by testing these core constructs with women ages 25–68 years (n = 330), as their experiences with these constructs may differ as they deviate from this youthful prototype. ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Augustus-Horvath, Casey L.; Tylka, Tracy L. Source Type: journals

Psychosocial costs of racism to Whites: Understanding patterns among university students.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This investigation adds to the growing body of scholarship on the psychosocial costs of racism to Whites (PCRW), which refer to consequences of being in the dominant position in an unjust, hierarchical system of societal racism. Extending research that identified 5 distinct constellations of costs of racism (L. B. Spanierman, V. P. Poteat, A. M. Beer, & P. I. Armstrong, 2006), the authors used multinomial logistic regression in the current study to examine what factors related to membership in 1 of the 5 PCRW types during the course of an academic year. Among a sample of White university freshmen (n = 287), the authors fou...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Spanierman, Lisa B.; Todd, Nathan R.; Anderson, Carolyn J. Source Type: journals

Psychological distress, acculturation, and mental health-seeking attitudes among people of African descent in the United States: A preliminary investigation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article investigates the relationship between psychological distress, acculturation, and help-seeking attitudes among people of African descent (N = 130). Psychological distress was measured using the Global Severity Index from the Brief Symptom Inventory (L. R. Derogatis & N. Melisaratos, 1983), acculturation was measured using the Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for People of African Descent (E. M. Obasi, 2005), and help-seeking attitudes were measured using the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help scale (E. H. Fischer & J. I. Turner, 1970). Overall, as psychological distress increased, a...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Obasi, Ezemenari M.; Leong, Frederick T. L. Source Type: journals

Bicultural self-efficacy among college students: Initial scale development and mental health correlates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Theory and empirical research suggest that perceived self-efficacy, or one's perceived ability to perform personally significant tasks, is related to individuals' psychological well-being and mental health. Thus, the authors hypothesized that bicultural individuals' perceived ability to function competently in 2 cultures, or perceived bicultural self-efficacy, would be related positively to their psychological well-being and mental health. Three studies were conducted to develop and validate a measure of perceived bicultural self-efficacy and to explore its relationships with indices of psychological well-being and mental ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - April 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David, E. J. R.; Okazaki, Sumie; Saw, Anne Source Type: journals

Collective self-esteem as a coping resource for male-to-female transsexuals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The fear of experiencing discrimination often provokes symptoms of psychological distress. One coping resource is positive identification with one's social group--known as collective self-esteem. This preliminary study investigated whether collective self-esteem was related to fears regarding a transsexual identity and psychological distress among 53 self-identified male-to-female transsexuals (mean age = 50.79 years). Participants were recruited from transgender events held in Arizona and California. The majority (81%) reported living full-time as women (mean length of time living as a woman = 6.33 years). Negative feelin...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sánchez, Francisco J.; Vilain, Eric Source Type: journals

Gender identity and coping in female 46, XY adults with androgen biosynthesis deficiency (intersexuality/DSD).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Individuals living with an intersex condition have not received much attention in counseling psychology, although a high need for psychosocial care is obvious. Using a mixed-methods multiple case study with qualitative and quantitative data, the authors explore coping and gender experiences in seven 46, XY intersexual persons with deficiencies of androgen biosynthesis. These were assigned female at birth. At puberty, the participants experienced unexpected physical virilization due to 5alpha-reductase-2 (n = 3) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 deficiency (n = 4). All 7 received medical treatment (e.g., gonadal rem...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Schweizer, Katinka; Brunner, Franziska; Schützmann, Karsten; Schönbucher, Verena; Richter-Appelt, Hertha Source Type: journals

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual supervisees' experiences of LGB-affirmative and nonaffirmative supervision.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) supervisees were interviewed regarding their experiences of LGB-affirmative and nonaffirmative supervision. Supervisees were asked to describe one of each type of event (i.e., affirmative, nonaffirmative) from their past supervision. In LGB-affirmative supervision, all supervisees felt supported in their LGB-affirmative work with clients. Supervisees perceived that the affirming events also positively affected the supervision relationship, client outcomes, and themselves as supervisees. In LGB nonaffirming supervision, supervisees perceived supervisors to be biased or oppressive toward supe...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Burkard, Alan W.; Knox, Sarah; Hess, Shirley A.; Schultz, Jill Source Type: journals

Effects of client bisexuality on clinical judgment: When is bias most likely to occur?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the authors investigated whether psychotherapist bias related to client bisexuality is most likely to occur with respect to judgments about stereotype-relevant clinical issues. Participants were 108 psychotherapists who read a fictitious intake report about a male client who was portrayed as heterosexual, gay, or bisexual. Client sexual orientation was behaviorally operationalized through reference to the sex of the client's present and previous romantic partners. Participants rated the case for the salience of a variety of clinical issues (some of which were related to bisexual stereotypes), global psycholo...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mohr, Jonathan J.; Weiner, Jennifer L.; Chopp, Regina M.; Wong, Stephanie J. Source Type: journals

Perceived social support from friends and family and psychosocial functioning in bisexual young adult college students.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the authors investigated the degree to which perceived social support was associated with depression, life satisfaction, and internalized binegativity in a sample of 210 bisexual young adult college students. Two types of social support (general and sexuality specific) and 2 sources of social support (family and friends) were examined. Participants were recruited from the electronic mailing lists of organizations serving lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students on 32 university campuses, and data were gathered via an Internet survey. Results indicated that general social support was most predictive o...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sheets Jr., Raymond L.; Mohr, Jonathan J. Source Type: journals

Examining potential moderators of the link between heterosexist events and gay and bisexual men's psychological distress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the relationship between heterosexist events and psychological distress and (b) the potential moderating roles of social support, avoidant coping, and self-esteem in the relationship between heterosexist events and psychological distress among 210 gay and bisexual men. Findings from the Web-based Internet survey revealed that many gay and bisexual men experienced heterosexist harassment, rejection, and discrimination at least once in a while during the past year and that these experiences were positively related to psychological distress. Results also indicated that self-esteem ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Szymanski, Dawn M. Source Type: journals

Minority stress, masculinity, and social norms predicting gay men's health risk behaviors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors examined the contributions of the minority stress model, traditional masculine gender roles, and perceived social norms in accounting for gay men's use of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and risky sexual practices. Three hundred fifteen gay men recruited from listserv communities completed measures assessing internalized homophobia, stigma, antigay physical attack, masculinity, and perceptions of normative health behaviors, along with health risk behaviors of alcohol use, illicit drug use, smoking, and high-risk sexual behaviors. Pearson correlations supported several hypotheses; social norms and masculinity v...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hamilton, Christopher J.; Mahalik, James R. Source Type: journals

Threat and guilt aspects of internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice: An application of personal construct theory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Building on G. A. Kelly's (1991a, 1991b) personal construct theory, this study introduced concepts of threat and guilt as different manifestations of internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice. Results with 102 lesbian and gay participants indicated that internalized threat and guilt each accounted for unique variance in global internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice. Also, as expected, internalized threat was associated uniquely with lower preference for lesbian or gay sexual orientation, whereas internalized guilt was associated uniquely with lesbian and gay identity denigration. Finally, threat partially mediated the...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Moradi, Bonnie; van den Berg, Jacob J.; Epting, Franz R. Source Type: journals

Examining the relationship between multiple internalized oppressions and African American lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning persons' self-esteem and psychological distress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relations between multiple internalized oppressions and African American sexual minority persons' self-esteem and psychological distress. Results indicated that when examined together, internalized racism and internalized heterosexism (also known as internalized homophobia) were both significant negative predictors of self-esteem, but only internalized heterosexism was a unique positive predictor of psychological distress. The interaction of internalized racism and internalized heterosexism was not a significant predictor of self-esteem or psychological distress. Finally, the authors' findings indic...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Szymanski, Dawn M.; Gupta, Arpana Source Type: journals

Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study improves present understandings of the association between internalized homophobia and relationship quality by distinguishing between the effects of the core construct of internalized homophobia and its correlates and outcomes. The findings are useful for counselors interested in interventions and treatment approaches to help LGB individuals cope with internalized homophobia and relationship problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology)
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Frost, David M.; Meyer, Ilan H. Source Type: journals

Negotiating connection to GLBT experience: Family members' experience of anti-GLBT movements and policies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There have been numerous legislative initiatives to limit gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) people's rights at local, state, and national levels (G. M. Herek, 2006). Although research has focused on how GLBT people are affected by these initiatives, to date no research has explored the impact of this legislation upon the families of origin of GLBT people. This qualitative study sought to explore this topic. Through use of grounded theory methodology (B. G. Glaser & A. L. Strauss, 1967), 10 family members of GLBT people living in a state facing a marriage amendment to limit marriage to heterosexual couples were...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Arm, Jennifer R.; Horne, Sharon G.; Levitt, Heidi M. Source Type: journals

Balancing dangers: GLBT experience in a time of anti-GLBT legislation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the past few years, 26 states have changed their constitutions to restrict marriage to one man and one woman. There has been little research on the psychological effects of this political process on gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) people. In this qualitative project, 13 GLBT people were interviewed about their experience during the process of a constitutional amendment. A grounded theory analysis of these semistructured interviews was conducted. The core category, or central finding, was "GLBT people need to balance the dual dangers of engagement with GLBT advocacy and self-protection through withdrawal."...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Levitt, Heidi M.; Ovrebo, Elin; Anderson-Cleveland, Mollie B.; Leone, Christina; Jeong, Jae Y.; Arm, Jennifer R.; Bonin, Beth P.; Cicala, John; Coleman, Rachel; Laurie, Anna; Vardaman, James M.; Horne, Sharon G. Source Type: journals

Marriage amendments and psychological distress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion of these findings emphasizes that marriage amendments create an environment associated with negative psychological outcomes for LGB individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology)
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rostosky, Sharon Scales; Riggle, Ellen D. B.; Horne, Sharon G.; Miller, Angela D. Source Type: journals

Within-group differences in sexual orientation and identity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine within-group differences among self-identified sexual orientation and identity groups. To understand these within-group differences, 2 types of analysis were conducted. First, a sample of 2,732 participants completed the Sexual Orientation and Identity Scale. Cluster analyses were used to identify 3 types of bisexual women, 3 types of bisexual men, 2 types of heterosexual women, and 2 types of gay men. Lesbians and heterosexual men were clustered into singular groupings. In addition, a subsample of 838 participants also completed measures of sexual identity development and l...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Worthington, Roger L.; Reynolds, Amy L. Source Type: journals

Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes a social psychological framework for understanding sexual stigma, and it reports data on sexual minority individuals' stigma-related experiences. The framework distinguishes between stigma's manifestations in society's institutions (heterosexism) and among individuals. The latter include enacted sexual stigma (overt negative actions against sexual minorities, such as hate crimes), felt sexual stigma (expectations about the circumstances in which sexual stigma will be enacted), and internalized sexual stigma (personal acceptance of sexual stigma as part of one's value system and self-concept). Drawing...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Herek, Gregory M.; Gillis, J. Roy; Cogan, Jeanine C. Source Type: journals