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Anticipated reward enhances offline learning during sleep.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sleep is known to promote the consolidation of motor memories. In everyday life, typically more than 1 isolated motor skill is acquired at a time, and this possibly gives rise to interference during consolidation. Here, it is shown that reward expectancy determines the amount of sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Subjects were trained on 2 different sequences of a finger sequence motor task before 12-hr retention intervals of either nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness. After training was finished, reward expectancy was varied by announcing a monetary reward for performance improvement at retesting on either the first...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Fischer, Stefan; Born, Jan Source Type: journals

Examining the relationships among item recognition, source recognition, and recall from an individual differences perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors of the current study examined the relationships among item-recognition, source-recognition, free recall, and other memory and cognitive ability tasks via an individual differences analysis. Two independent sources of variance contributed to item-recognition and source-recognition performance, and these two constructs related differentially to other memory and cognitive ability constructs. The results are in accordance with a dual-process theory of memory retrieval in which a familiarity process can support judgments of previous occurrence and a more strategic recollection process is needed for controlled search...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Unsworth, Nash; Brewer, Gene A. Source Type: journals

Unspoken knowledge: Implicit learning of structured human dance movement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The sequencing of dance movements may be thought of as a grammar. We investigate implicit learning of regularities that govern sequences of unfamiliar, discrete dance movements. It was hypothesized that observers without prior experience with contemporary dance would be able to learn regularities that underpin structured human movement. Thirty-one adults were assigned to either an exposure or a control group. Exposure consisted of 22 grammatical 3-, 4-, and 5-movement sequences presented twice in random order; sequence duration ranged from 9 to 19 s. In a test phase, exposure and control groups identified previously unseen...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Opacic, Tajana; Stevens, Catherine; Tillmann, Barbara Source Type: journals

Cue strength as a moderator of the testing effect: The benefits of elaborative retrieval.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study explored the elaborative retrieval hypothesis as an explanation for the testing effect: the tendency for a memory test to enhance retention more than restudying. In particular, the retrieval process during testing may activate elaborative information related to the target response, thereby increasing the chances that activation of any of this information will facilitate later retrieval of the target. In a test of this view, participants learned cue–target pairs, which were strongly associated (e.g., Toast: Bread) or weakly associated (e.g., Basket: Bread), through either a cued recall test (Toast: _____...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carpenter, Shana K. Source Type: journals

The influence of memory on perception: It’s not what things look like, it’s what you call them.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study shows that this influence is at least partly mediated by declarative memory. Dutch and German participants categorized hues from a yellow-to-orange continuum on stimuli that were prototypically orange or yellow and that were also associated with these color labels. Both groups gave more “yellow” responses if an ambiguous hue occurred on a prototypically yellow stimulus. The language groups were also tested on a stimulus (traffic light) that is associated with the label orange in Dutch and with the label yellow in German, even though the objective color is the same for both populations. Dutch observers catego...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mitterer, Holger; Horschig, Jörn M.; Müsseler, Jochen; Majid, Asifa Source Type: journals

Context-dependent semantic priming in number naming.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous research has shown that time to name single-digit Arabic numbers is about 15 ms slower when naming trials are interleaved with simple multiplication (e.g., state product of 2 × 3) than when naming digits is interleaved with magnitude comparison (e.g., state larger; 2 ? 3). To explain this phenomenon, J. I. D. Campbell and A. W. S. Metcalfe (2008) proposed that the comparison context enables both semantic and asemantic pathways for digit naming but that number-fact retrieval inhibits the semantic route and slows digit naming relative to the comparison context. To test this hypothesis, the authors modified the nami...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Campbell, Jamie I. D.; Reynvoet, Bert Source Type: journals

No evidence for temporal decay in working memory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
What drives forgetting in working memory? Recent evidence suggests that in a complex-span task in which an irrelevant processing task alternates with presentation of the memoranda, recall declines when the time taken to complete the processing task is extended while holding the time for rehearsal in between processing steps constant (Portrat, Barrouillet, & Camos, 2008). This time-based forgetting was interpreted in support for the role of time-based decay in working memory. In this article, we argue the contrary position by (a) showing in an experiment that the processing task in Portrat et al.’s (2008) study gave rise ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lewandowsky, Stephan; Oberauer, Klaus Source Type: journals

Increased or reversed? The effect of surprise on hindsight bias depends on the hindsight component.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two diverging hypotheses concerning the influence of surprising events on hindsight effects have been proposed: Although some authors believe that surprising events lead to a reversal of hindsight bias, others have proposed that surprise increases hindsight bias. Drawing on the separate-components view of the hindsight bias (which argues that hindsight bias consists of 3 independent components: memory distortions, impressions of inevitability and impressions of foreseeability), we reconcile these 2 perspectives by relating them to foreseeability and inevitability. Specifically, we assume that reversals in hindsight bias ar...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nestler, Steffen; Egloff, Boris Source Type: journals

Generation and perceptual implicit memory: Different generation tasks produce different effects on perceptual priming.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The generation manipulation has been critical in delineating differences between implicit and explicit memory. In contrast to past research, the present experiments indicate that generating from a rhyme cue produces as much perceptual priming as does reading. This is demonstrated for 3 visual priming tasks: perceptual identification, word-fragment completion (WFC), and word-stem completion (WSC). This result occurred regardless of the mode of study response (written or spoken) or whether the generation condition was compared with reading words in or out of context. Rhyme generation did not produce priming on the letter hei...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mulligan, Neil W.; Dew, Ilana T. Z. Source Type: journals

Transfer of magnitude and spatial mappings to the SNARC effect for parity judgments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined this issue in 3 experiments using a transfer paradigm. Participants practiced a number magnitude-judgment task or spatial stimulus–response compatibility task with parallel or orthogonal stimulus–response dimensions prior to performing a parity-judgment task. The SNARC effect was enhanced following a small–left/large–right magnitude mapping but reversed following a small–right/large–left mapping, indicating that associations between magnitude and response defined for the magnitude-judgment task were maintained for the parity-judgment task. The SNARC effect was unaffected by practice with compatible ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bae, Gi Yeul; Choi, Jong Moon; Cho, Yang Seok; Proctor, Robert W. Source Type: journals

Exaggerated risk: Prospect theory and probability weighting in risky choice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 5 experiments, we studied precautionary decisions in which participants decided whether or not to buy insurance with specified cost against an undesirable event with specified probability and cost. We compared the risks taken for precautionary decisions with those taken for equivalent monetary gambles. Fitting these data to Tversky and Kahneman’s (1992) prospect theory, we found that the weighting function required to model precautionary decisions differed from that required for monetary gambles. This result indicates a failure of the descriptive invariance axiom of expected utility theory. For precautionary decisions...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kusev, Petko; van Schaik, Paul; Ayton, Peter; Dent, John; Chater, Nick Source Type: journals

Congruity effects between materials and processing tasks in the survival processing paradigm.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nairne, Thompson, and Pandeirada (2007) reported a series of experiments in which processing unrelated words in terms of their relevance to a grasslands survival scenario led to better retention relative to other semantic processing tasks. The impetus for their study was the premise that human memory systems evolved under the selection pressures of our ancestral past. In 3 experiments, we extended this functional approach to investigate the congruity effect—the common finding that people remember items better if those items are congruent with the way in which they are processed. Experiment 1 was a replication of Nairne e...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Butler, Andrew C.; Kang, Sean H. K.; Roediger, Henry L. Source Type: journals

Cultural differences in complex addition: Efficient Chinese versus adaptive Belgians and Canadians.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, the authors tested the effects of working-memory load on math problem solving in 3 different cultures: Flemish-speaking Belgians, English-speaking Canadians, and Chinese-speaking Chinese currently living in Canada. Participants solved complex addition problems (e.g., 58 + 76) in no-load and working-memory load conditions, in which either the central executive or the phonological loop was loaded. The authors used the choice/no-choice method to obtain unbiased measures of strategy selection and strategy efficiency. The Chinese participants were faster than the Belgians, who were faster and more accurate...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Imbo, Ineke; LeFevre, Jo-Anne Source Type: journals

Thematic relations affect similarity via commonalities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thematic relations are an important source of perceived similarity. For instance, the rowing theme of boats and oars increases their perceived similarity. The mechanism of this effect, however, has not been specified previously. The authors investigated whether thematic relations affect similarity by increasing commonalities or by decreasing differences. In Experiment 1, thematic relations affected similarity more than difference, thereby producing a noninversion of similarity and difference. Experiment 2 revealed substantial individual variability in the preference for thematic relations and, consequently, in the noninver...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Golonka, Sabrina; Estes, Zachary Source Type: journals

Distractor modality can turn semantic interference into semantic facilitation in the picture–word interference task: Implications for theories of lexical access in speech production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A number of recent studies have questioned the idea that lexical selection during speech production is a competitive process. One type of evidence against selection by competition is the observation that in the picture–word interference task semantically related distractors may facilitate the naming of a picture, whereas the selection by competition account predicts them to interfere. In the experiments reported in this article, the authors systematically varied, for a given type of semantic relation—that is, basic-level distractors (e.g., fish) during subordinate-level naming (e.g., carp)—the modality in which distr...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hantsch, Ansgar; Jescheniak, Jörg D.; Schriefers, Herbert Source Type: journals

Superior self-paced memorization of digits in spite of a normal digit span: The structure of a memorist’s skill.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article studies Chao Lu, who set a Guinness World Record by memorizing 67,890 decimals of pi. Chao Lu’s superior self-paced memorization of digits is shown through analyses of study times and verbal reports to be mediated by mnemonic encoding and retrieval processes. Furthermore, Chao Lu’s development of his superior memory for decimals of pi is consistent with his engagement in thousands of hours of memorization. In contrast to most other studied memorists, who have digit spans over 15 digits, Chao Lu exhibited a digit span in only the normal range. Implications for different types of memorization skills and asso...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hu, Yi; Ericsson, K. Anders; Yang, Dan; Lu, Chao Source Type: journals

Perceptual–gestural (mis)mapping in serial short-term memory: The impact of talker variability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mechanisms underlying the poorer serial recall of talker-variable lists (e.g., alternating female–male voices) as compared with single-voice lists were examined. We tested the novel hypothesis that this talker variability effect arises from the tendency for perceptual organization to partition the list into streams based on voice such that the representation of order maps poorly onto the formation of a gestural sequence-output plan assembled in support of the reproduction of the true temporal order of the items. In line with the hypothesis, (a) the presence of a spoken lead-in designed to further promote by-voice per...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hughes, Robert W.; Marsh, John E.; Jones, Dylan M. Source Type: journals

Attentional modulation of the mere exposure effect.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explored the effect of selective attention on the mere exposure effect. The experiments manipulated the to-be-attended drawings in the exposure period (either red or green polygons in Experiments 1 and 2; both red and green polygons in Experiments 3 and 4) and black to-be-evaluated drawings in the affective judgment period (morphologically identical to the red or green polygons in Experiments 1 and 4; morphologically identical to the composite drawings in Experiments 2 and 3). The results showed a significant mere exposure effect only for the target shapes involved in attentional selection, even when the partici...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yagi, Yoshihiko; Ikoma, Shinobu; Kikuchi, Tadashi Source Type: journals

All letters are not equal: Subgraphemic texture in orthographic working memory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report findings from 2 studies that demonstrate that letters within digraphs display differential susceptibility to error under conditions of disruption to orthographic working memory (O-WM). In the 1st, O-WM was disrupted as a result of neurological damage; in the 2nd, O-WM disruption was produced in neurologically intact, skilled spellers under dual task conditions with a shadowing task carried out during spelling. In both studies, segments with low versus high levels of sound–letter convergence, a measure of the frequency of sublexical mappings, were more vulnerable to disruption even when factors such as letter po...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jones, Angela C.; Folk, Jocelyn R.; Rapp, Brenda Source Type: journals

Automaticity of cognitive control: Goal priming in response-inhibition paradigms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Verbruggen, Frederick; Logan, Gordon D. Source Type: journals

Classifying partial exemplars: Seeing less and learning more.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Taylor, Eric G.; Ross, Brian H. Source Type: journals

Bayesian rationality in evaluating multiple testimonies: Incorporating the role of coherence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Harris, Adam J. L.; Hahn, Ulrike Source Type: journals

Embodied memory judgments: A case of motor fluency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yang, Shu-Ju; Gallo, David A.; Beilock, Sian L. Source Type: journals

Metacognitive control over the distribution of practice: When is spacing preferred?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Toppino, Thomas C.; Cohen, Michael S.; Davis, Meghan L.; Moors, Amy C. Source Type: journals

Attentional requirements for the selection of words from different grammatical categories.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ayora, Pauline; Janssen, Niels; Dell’Acqua, Roberto; Alario, F.-Xavier Source Type: journals

Attributing study effort to data-driven and goal-driven effects: Implications for metacognitive judgments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Koriat, Asher; Nussinson, Ravit Source Type: journals

Category-based errors and the accessibility of unbiased spatial memories: A retrieval model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sampaio, Cristina; Wang, Ranxiao Frances Source Type: journals

Modeling the effects of argument length and validity on inductive and deductive reasoning.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rotello, Caren M.; Heit, Evan Source Type: journals

Dissociating interference-control processes between memory and response.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bissett, Patrick G.; Nee, Derek Evan; Jonides, John Source Type: journals

Ignorance- versus evidence-based decision making: A decision time analysis of the recognition heuristic.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hilbig, Benjamin E.; Pohl, Rüdiger F. Source Type: journals

On the control of single-prime negative priming: The effects of practice and time course.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chao, Hsuan-Fu Source Type: journals

Temporary activation of perceptual–motor associations: A stimulus–response interpretation of automaticity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Klapp, Stuart T.; Greenberg, Lisa A. Source Type: journals

Evidence of anticipatory eye movements in the spatial Hebb repetition effect: Insights for modeling sequence learning.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tremblay, Sébastien; Saint-Aubin, Jean Source Type: journals

Scope of lexical access in spoken sentence production: Implications for the conceptual–syntactic interface.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Allum, Paul H.; Wheeldon, L. Source Type: journals

Memory operations that support language comprehension: Evidence from verb-phrase ellipsis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Martin, Andrea E.; McElree, Brian Source Type: journals

Component structure of individual differences in true and false recognition of faces.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bartlett, James C.; Shastri, Kalyan K.; Abdi, Hervé; Neville-Smith, Marsha Source Type: journals

Extremely selective attention: Eye-tracking studies of the dynamic allocation of attention to stimulus features in categorization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Blair, Mark R.; Watson, Marcus R.; Walshe, R. Calen; Maj, Fillip Source Type: journals

Inhibition in language switching: What is inhibited when switching between languages in naming tasks?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Philipp, Andrea M.; Koch, Iring Source Type: journals

Neural correlates of individual differences in strategic retrieval processing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bridger, Emma K.; Herron, Jane E.; Elward, Rachael L.; Wilding, Edward L. Source Type: journals

Test sequence priming in recognition memory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johns, Elizabeth E.; Mewhort, D. J. K. Source Type: journals

Rehearsal strategies can enlarge or diminish the spacing effect: Pure versus mixed lists and encoding strategy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Delaney, Peter F.; Verkoeijen, Peter P. J. L. Source Type: journals

Use of self-to-object and object-to-object spatial relations in locomotion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Xiao, Chengli; Mou, Weimin; McNamara, Timothy P. Source Type: journals

On the role of individual items in recognition memory and metacognition: Challenges for signal detection theory.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Busey, Thomas A.; Arici, Anne Source Type: journals

Deficits in cross-race face learning: Insights from eye movements and pupillometry.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - August 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Goldinger, Stephen D.; He, Yi; Papesh, Megan H. Source Type: journals

Women match men when learning a spatial skill.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Meta-analytic studies have concluded that although training improves spatial cognition in both sexes, the male advantage generally persists. However, because some studies run counter to this pattern, a closer examination of the anomaly is warranted. The authors investigated the acquisition of a basic skill (spatial selective attention) using a matched-pair two-wave longitudinal design. Participants were screened with the use of an attentional visual field task, with the objective of selecting and matching 10 male–female pairs, over a wide range (30% to 57% correct). Subsequently, 20 participants 17–23 years of age (sel...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Spence, Ian; Yu, Jingjie Jessica; Feng, Jing; Marshman, Jeff Source Type: journals

Complex span versus updating tasks of working memory: The gap is not that deep.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
How to best measure working memory capacity is an issue of ongoing debate. Besides established complex span tasks, which combine short-term memory demands with generally unrelated secondary tasks, there exists a set of paradigms characterized by continuous and simultaneous updating of several items in working memory, such as the n-back, memory updating, or alpha span tasks. With a latent variable analysis (N = 96) based on content-heterogeneous operationalizations of both task families, the authors found a latent correlation between a complex span factor and an updating factor that was not statistically different from unit...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Schmiedek, Florian; Hildebrandt, Andrea; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Wilhelm, Oliver Source Type: journals

The sensory nature of episodic memory: Sensory priming effects due to memory trace activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to provide evidence that memory and perceptual processing are underpinned by the same mechanisms. Specifically, the authors conducted 3 experiments that emphasized the sensory aspect of memory traces. They examined their predictions with a short-term priming paradigm based on 2 distinct phases: a learning phase consisting of the association between a geometrical shape and a white noise and a priming phase examining the priming effect of the geometrical shape, seen in the learning phase, on the processing of target tones. In the 3 experiments, the authors found that only the prime associated with t...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brunel, Lionel; Labeye, Elodie; Lesourd, Mathieu; Versace, Rémy Source Type: journals

Predicting category intuitiveness with the rational model, the simplicity model, and the generalized context model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Naïve observers typically perceive some groupings for a set of stimuli as more intuitive than others. The problem of predicting category intuitiveness has been historically considered the remit of models of unsupervised categorization. In contrast, this article develops a measure of category intuitiveness from one of the most widely supported models of supervised categorization, the generalized context model (GCM). Considering different category assignments for a set of instances, the authors asked how well the GCM can predict the classification of each instance on the basis of all the other instances. The category assign...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pothos, Emmanuel M.; Bailey, Todd M. Source Type: journals

Better learning with more error: Probabilistic feedback increases sensitivity to correlated cues in categorization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite the fact that categories are often composed of correlated features, the evidence that people detect and use these correlations during intentional category learning has been overwhelmingly negative to date. Nonetheless, on other categorization tasks, such as feature prediction, people show evidence of correlational sensitivity. A conventional explanation holds that category learning tasks promote rule use, which discards the correlated-feature information, whereas other types of category learning tasks promote exemplar storage, which preserves correlated-feature information. Contrary to that common belief, the autho...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Little, Daniel R.; Lewandowsky, Stephan Source Type: journals

Lexical competition during second-language listening: Sentence context, but not proficiency, constrains interference from the native lexicon.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A spoken language eye-tracking methodology was used to evaluate the effects of sentence context and proficiency on parallel language activation during spoken language comprehension. Nonnative speakers with varying proficiency levels viewed visual displays while listening to French sentences (e.g., Marie va décrire la poule [Marie will describe the chicken]). Displays depicted several objects including the final noun target (chicken) and an interlingual near-homophone (e.g., pool) whose name in English is phonologically similar to the French target (poule). Listeners’ eye movements reflected temporary consideration of th...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chambers, Craig G.; Cooke, Hilary Source Type: journals