Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
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Novel blaTEM-positive ampicillin-susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae
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Abstract Two ampicillin-susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae were found to carry blaTEM genes. In one strain ampicillin susceptibility was explained by poor expression of a functional TEM-1 enzyme from a putative
weak promoter created by a mutation in the promoter region of the gene, and in the other by production of an inactive mutant
TEM enzyme.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0700-1Authors
Stephen G. Tristram, University of Tasmania School of Human Life Sciences Newnham Drive Launceston Tasmania 7250 Australia
Journal Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis in a previously healthy 14-month-old boyEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report a previously healthy 14-month-old boy who developed community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. He had no history of immunodeficiency, and was brought to Konan Kosei Hospital with a high fever and vomiting.
His consciousness was clear, but neck stiffness was noted. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed a cell count
of 10 112/µl; protein, 216 mg/dl; and glucose, 9 mg/dl. A CSF test kit for bacterial capsular antigens (Pastorex Meningitis;
Bio-Rad Laboratories) was positive for Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen. On day 3 of admission, the microorganism isolated by CSF culture was ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Clindamycin-primaquine versus pentamidine for the second-line treatment of pneumocystis pneumoniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract There are limited data on the efficacy of alternative regimens for treating patients with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We
compared the efficacy of clindamycin-primaquine (C-P) with that of pentamidine as a secondline treatment for PCP. Among 91
patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as a first-line treatment for PCP, 31 (34%) did not respond and
7 (8%) had adverse reactions. Fourteen patients received C-P and 9 received pentamidine as a second-line regimen because of
treatment failure or an adverse reaction to TMP-SMX. The response rate of patients to C-P was higher than the res...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
An AIDS patient with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection during antiretroviral therapyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract After the recovery of pneumocystis pneumonia, amebiasis, and cytomegalovirus duodenal ulcer in a patient with AIDS, antiretroviral
therapy was initiated. Fever was first noted on the 11th day of administration of the highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART), and chest radiography showed infiltration into the right lower lobe of the lung on the 19th day. Bronchoscopy was
performed, with a tentative diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, but Mycobacterium kansasii was eventually identified. M. kansasii may also be a pathogenic organism causing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Content T...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Sacroiliitis infected with group A streptococcus in a child presenting with confusion and combativenessEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Group A streptococcus-associated severe invasive infection (streptococcal toxic shock syndrome) has been described. Streptococcal
toxic shock syndrome occurs when the infecting strain of group A streptococcus produces superantigens. Confusion and combativeness
are well known as the common symptoms of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. We encountered a child who suffered from pyogenic
sacroiliitis, with confusion and combativeness. Group A streptococcus was isolated from the patient’s blood culture. However,
his disease did not fulfill the criteria of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Pyogenic s...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Acute cholecystitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae in a childEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract A 6-year old girl was admitted to our hospital with high fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. At 5 years of age
she had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation because of intractable congenital pure red cell aplasia, after which
she had asymptomatic cholelithiasis. Imaging studies and laboratory findings on admission suggested acute cholecystitis with
a gallstone. The patient recovered completely after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and was discharged on day 7
after the operation. Haemophilus influenzae grew on the aspirated purulent bile. It should be noted that H. in...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Clinical evaluation of QuantiFERON TB-2G test in patients with healed pulmonary tuberculosisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We evaluated the response to the QuantiFERON TB-2G (QFT-2G) test in patients with healed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) compared
to the response in those with active pulmonary TB. The subjects were 208 patients with healed pulmonary TB and 155 patients
with active pulmonary TB. The QFT-2G test results were analyzed by stratifying them into 5- or 10-year periods after the completion
of antituberculosis treatment. Of the 208 patients with healed pulmonary TB, 63% had a positive tuberculin skin test (TST)
and 34% had a positive QFT-2G test result. There was no significant difference in the positive respon...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Infected abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by nontyphoid Salmonella in an immunocompromised patient with rheumatoid arthritisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Nontyphoid Salmonella strains are important pathogens commonly found worldwide, typically causing gastrointestinal illness. Here, we report a case
of a 66-yearold man with an abdominal aortic infected (or so-called mycotic) aneurysm caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). He had multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis: age over 60, a long history of smoking, an 8-year history
of diabetes mellitus, and a 10-year history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with low-dose corticosteroids. Although he had
presented with no episode of diarrhea or abdominal pain, th...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern as pulmonary involvement in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 carriersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract It is well established that diffuse interstitial shadows are observed in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers.
However, the pathological pattern of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) has rarely been reported. Here, we describe
the clinical features of four patients with histologically proven NSIP and HTLV-1 infection. The patients, one woman and three
men, had a median age of 59.5 years. High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs was performed in all patients, and no
apparent honeycomb formations were detected. The present study demonstrates that the NSIP pattern is ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
The inhibitory effect of vancomycin ointment on the manifestation of MRSA keratitis in rabbitsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the present study substantiates the view that vancomycin ointment has a potent inhibitory effect
upon the manifestations of MRSA keratitis, and indicates that a 0.3% concentration is necessary for effective treatment.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0708-6Authors
Hiroshi Eguchi, University of Tokushima Graduate School Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima Tokushima 770-8503 JapanHiroshi Shiota, University of Tokushima Graduate School Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences 3-18-15 Kur...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Population pharmacokinetics of oral levofloxacin 500 mg once-daily dosage in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections: results of a prospective multicenter study in ChinaEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic features of levofloxacin (LVFX) in Chinese patients with infections and to
confirm oral LVFX 500 mg once daily as an optimal treatment regimen based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analysis.
A total of 1052 plasma samples from 164 Chinese adult patients with communityacquired lower respiratory tract infections (CALRTIs)
and 18 healthy volunteers were used for population PK analysis. LVFX 500-mg tablets were given once daily. A nonlinear mixed
effects model (NONMEM) program was used for population PK model-building and a two-compartment model with first-order ab...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Characterization of β-lactam antibiotic-induced vancomycin-resistant MRSA (BIVR) in a patient with septicemia during long-term vancomycin administrationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract It was reported that some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) show resistance to vancomycin (VCM) and β-lactam antibiotics; thus, they are termed β-lactam antibiotic-induced VCM-resistant
MRSA (BIVR). The VCM resistance of MRSA is induced by the administration of β-lactam antibiotics, but this phenomenon can
be difficult to detect in the clinical laboratory. We detected the BIVR strain in a 64-year-old man who had had a ventilator
tube inserted directly into the windpipe during long-term VCM therapy. The patient was diagnosed with MRSA pneumonia and septicemia
on July 5, 2007, and ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Clinical evaluation of oral levofloxacin 500 mg once-daily dosage for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections: a prospective multicenter study in ChinaEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study concluded
that the dosage regimen of LVFX 500 mg once daily was effective and tolerable for the treatment of LRTIs and UTIs.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0713-9Authors
Ying-yuan Zhang, Fudan University Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Lu Shanghai 200040 ChinaHai-hui Huang, Fudan University Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Lu Shanghai 200040 ChinaZhen-yi Ren, First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Department of Respiratory Medicine Hangzhou ChinaHong-guang Zheng, The Military General Hospital of Shenyang De...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated effectively with irinotecan via hepatic arterial infusion followed by proton beam therapyEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report a 48-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy
followed by proton beam therapy. The HCC lesion in this patient was 88 mm in diameter, with portal vein tumor thrombosis in
the right lobe of the liver. He was first treated with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and isovorin, administered by HAI, combined
with interferon-α, and he was subsequently treated with epirubicin and mitomycin-C administered by HAI. However, no definite
efficacy of either of these treatments was observed. Then, after 3 weeks’ continuous administration of irinotecan by HAI,
the...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Safety and efficacy of S-1 chemotherapy in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancerEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract S-1 is an oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer agent and has shown promising effects in the treatment of a wide range of
carcinomas, including head and neck cancer. In addition to being used as adjuvant chemotherapy, S-1 is a promising agent for
palliative treatment. Its ease of administration makes it an ideal drug to treat patients in the outpatient setting while
maintaining adequate quality of life. However, the clinical role of S-1 in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck
cancer is still uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Online First publication of the Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AnnouncementDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0736-2
Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X
Journal Volume Volume 15
Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 5 / October, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Surveillance, recognition, and reporting of Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) and Japanese spotted fever by general practice clinics in Miyazaki Prefecture, determined by questionnaire survey in 2007Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In June 2007, a questionnaire survey related to the surveillance, recognition, and reporting of Tsutsugamushi disease (TD)
and Japanese spotted fever (JSF) — diseases considered endemic in Miyazaki Prefecture — was distributed to general practice
clinics in the prefecture. The response rate was 40.9% (232/567). While 75.5% of the responding clinics knew TD to be a notifiable
disease, only 41.8% knew JSF was notifiable. The recognition level of JSF surveillance was lower in the low-incidence areas
of JSF within Miyazaki Prefecture. In 2006, 25 cases were clinically suspected as TD by the respondi...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Class 1 integron containing metallo β-lactamase gene blaIMP-1 in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ThailandEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We investigated the genetic properties of two carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from a regional hospital in the north of Thailand. Both isolates demonstrated high-level resistance to
extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. Detection of the MBL genes was positive for bla
IMP in both isolates. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the two P. aeruginosa isolates were nonclonal. Molecular analysis of the bla
IMP in isolate 837 showed the presence of a bla
IMP-1 gene inserted in a class 1 integron. The bla
IMP-1 was plasmid-mediated according...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Comparative evaluation of a rapid MRSA detection assay based on multiplex real-time PCR versus MRSA screening cultures containing egg yolkEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been recommending the performance of active surveillance
culture (ASC) for the prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and their control since the guideline was issued in 2006, many variant types of MRSA with various characteristics
have been found recently. As this change in MRSA characteristics makes it harder to screen MRSA only by cultures, it is expected
that ASC will not be sufficient for the prevention of MRSA infections or MRSA infection control. We evaluated the comparative
utility of the B...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Pyogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae genetic serotype K1 in JapanEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report a Japanese
case of septic pyogenic liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae genetic serotype K1. A 60-year old man presented at our hospital in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest. From the patient’s
chief complaint of chest pain, we suspected acute coronary syndrome, i.e., acute myocardial infarction. We used extracorporeal
circulation and checked coronary angiography, but the 75% stenosis by itself could not adequately account for the patient’s
critical condition. The patient’s laboratory data indicated multiple organ failure. The patient’s condition did not improve
while in intensive care and he died 2...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Polymerase chain reaction assay for specific identification of Candida guilliermondii (Pichia guilliermondii)Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The incidence rates of fungemia caused by Candida guilliermondii have been increasing over the past several years. Although still relatively rare (1.3% of all cases of fungemia in Japan),
most cases of C. guilliermondii fungemia occur in patients with cancer or hematological malignancy and their mortality rate is high. As C. guilliermondii tends to be resistant to various antifungal agents, early identification of this pathogen and treatment with an appropriate
antifungal agent are required to improve survival rates in these patients. However, it is extremely difficult to differentiate
C. guilliermon...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Prolonged Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in an elderly patient with community-acquired pneumoniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract An 81-year-old woman with no underlying systemic illness was hospitalized with fever, muscle weakness, and sputum without
cough for 2 days. Chest imaging showed consolidation in the left lower lobe. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for
six respiratory bacteria and 12 respiratory viruses performed on sputum obtained on admission showed Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA, with no evidence of other pathogens. M. pneumoniae was confirmed to be the causative agent by serologic data. Variation of mycoplasma quantity in subsequent sputa was analyzed
because of persistent sputum production despite treatment ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Clinical effects of micafungin, a novel echinocandin antifungal agent, on systemic fungal infections in surgery, emergency, and intensive-care medicine: evaluation using the AKOTT algorithmEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, MCFG had high clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of deep-seated fungal infections in
surgery, emergency, and intensive-care medicine, indicating good potential as a firstline drug for both targeted and empirical
therapies.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0689-5Authors
Naoki Aikawa, Keio University School of Medicine Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanShinya Kusachi, Toho University School of Medicine Third Department of Surgery Tokyo JapanShigeto Oda, Chiba University Department of Emergency and C...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Aqueous humor penetration of fourth-generation fluoroquinolone ophthalmic solutions given by multiple administration in a rabbit modelEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We investigated the aqueous humor concentration of topically applied gatifloxacin (GFLX) 0.3% and moxifloxacin (MFLX) 0.5%
in a rabbit model of surgical and nonsurgical eyes. Topical administration in eyes was performed eight times, at 15-min intervals.
Surgical eyes had undergone cataract surgery with the implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). Aqueous humor was sampled
at 5, 30, and 120 min after drug administration. Drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The GFLX concentrations in surgical eyes at 5, 30, and 120 min post-administration were 12.1, ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid inhibitory titers of antibiotics, based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters, in the treatment of bacterial meningitisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inhibitory titer (CSF-IT) of an antibiotic, which can be used to estimate the duration of time
above the agent’s MIC in the CSF, was introduced as one of the indices to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic selection
in treating bacterial meningitis. The CSF-IT was determined via a microdilution method. A suspension of the causative organism
was added to a tube containing twofold diluted CSF and double-concentrated Mueller-Hinton broth with supplement. The CSF-IT
was determined by the maximum point without turbidity of medium after overnight incubation at 37°C. Co...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
The clinical pattern of group C streptococcal pharyngitis in childrenEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Group A streptococcal pharyngitis of is a common infectious disease with a well-recognized clinical pattern, as opposed to
that attributed to group C assault. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features of group C streptococcal pharyngitis
in children. In total, 144 children participated in the study, consisting of three distinct categories. Group I patients consisted
of children with group A streptococcal pharyngitis, group II patients included children with group C streptococcal pharyngitis,,
while children with pharyngitis with no isolated causative agent constituted group III pat...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Convulsant activity of sitafloxacin and its interactions with anti-inflammatory drugs in miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We studied the convulsant activity of sitafloxacin, a newly developed quinolone, and its interaction with anti-inflammatory
drugs in mice. Intraventricular injections of sitafloxacin and levofloxacin induced convulsions dose-dependently in the mice.
The value of the effective dose for producing convulsions in 50% of the mice (ED50) of sitafloxacin was 50.6 nmol/head, whereas that of levofloxacin was 76.7 nmol/head. The convulsant activity of these quinolones
was not affected by concurrent administration with anti-inflammatory drugs. From these results obtained in a mouse model,
it is suggested that ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Addison’s disease due to tuberculosis that required differentiation from SIADHEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue. Serum sodium was 116 mEq/l and serum antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) was elevated. Radiologic examination revealed nodules in the brain as well as in both adrenal glands. Based
on the findings of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), we had considered that the cause
of the hyponatremia was syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) due to active extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Against our expectations, the patient’s condition got worse just after he began antituberculous...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Protein-losing enteropathy during highly active antiretroviral therapy in a patient with AIDS-related disseminated Mycobacterial avium complex infectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report a 28-year-old Japanese woman
with PLE. She had been diagnosed with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection at age 26. Although highly active antiretroviral and antimycobacterial treatments helped her overcome
this critical situation, 2 years after initiation of the treatments, she was readmitted to our hospital because of hypoalbuminemia
and edema of the lower extremities, and she was diagnosed, by the use of double-balloon enteroscopy, with PLE due to intestinal
lymphangiectasia (IL). The etiology was thought to be obstruction of the mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphatic drainage...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - August 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Usefulness of interferon-gamma release assays for diagnosing TB infection and problems with these assaysEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The specificity of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection is seriously compromised because
of extensive use of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), a new diagnostic
using Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens has been introduced in response to these needs. In this review, published findings on the performance of
the QuantiFERON-TB (QFT), one of the IGRA formats, are summarized and discussed. In addition to its high specificity, the
QFT has considerably high sensitivity, comparable with or superior to that...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Tuberculosis: don’t forget to make a complete diagnosisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0663-7Authors
Stefano Zeminian, Marzana Hospital Rehabilitative Pneumology ULSS20, Piazzale Lambranzi 1 37134 Verona Italy
Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X
Journal Volume Volume 15
Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Rifampicin use in MRSA infections in developing countries Reply to the letter to the editor by D.S. NeogiEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0688-6Authors
Toshimori Yamaoka, Ageo Central General Hospital Deparment of Internal Medicine 1-10-10 Kashiwaza Ageo, Saitama 362-8588 Japan
Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X
Journal Volume Volume 15
Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Reply to the letter to the editor by S. ZeminianEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0676-xAuthors
Antonio Manzelli, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome ItalyPasquale Sordillo, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome ItalyPiero Rossi, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome ItalyGiuseppe Petrella, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome Italy
Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X
Journal Volume Volume 15
Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Evaluation of the risk factors for febrile neutropenia associated with hematological malignancyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Febrile neutropenia (FN) can frequently become a very serious problem. In 2002, Klastersky and colleagues established the
Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) score, which consisted of risk factors for conditions that
included solid tumors. However, hematopoietic tumors, in comparison to solid tumors, are plagued by such problems as the quantity
and quality of abnormalities associated with leukocytes and neutrophils and the requirement for higher dosages of both radio-
and chemotherapy. FN is a complication associated with hematological malignancies that can lead to a fata...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Rifampicin use in MRSA infections: will it add to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in developing countries?Email this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0641-0Authors
Devdatta Suhas Neogi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics New Delhi India 110029Chandra Shekhar Yadav, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics New Delhi India 110029Phani Madhuri Vonnum, Bangalore Medical College Department of OBG Bangalore India
Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X
Journal Volume Volume 15
Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Emphysematous pyelonephritis successfully treated by early intervention using a renoureteral catheterEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract A 49-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to hospital complaining of fever, vomiting,
and lower abdominal pain. Laboratory investigation revealed leukocytopenia, high blood sugar, and pyuria. Pyelonephritis was
then diagnosed. Escherichia coli was isolated from blood and urinary cultures. In spite of antimicrobial therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated. A
computed tomography scan of the abdomen on the second day of hospitalization revealed the presence of air in the collecting
system of the left kidney. Emphysematous pyelonephritis was diagnosed, and a...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its biofilms in the airway tractEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0691-3Authors
Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Kyorin University, School of Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka Tokyo 181-8611 JapanOsamu Kobayashi, Kyorin University, School of Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka Tokyo 181-8611 JapanShin Kawai, Kyorin University, School of Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka Tokyo 181-8611 Japan
Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X
Journal Volume Volume 15
J...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy in 2007: general view of the pathogens’ antibacterial susceptibilityEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract For the purpose of a nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens in patients
in Japan, the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy conducted their second year survey, during the period from January to August,
2007. A total of 1178 strains were collected from clinical specimens obtained from adult patients with well-diagnosed respiratory
tract infections. Susceptibility testing was evaluable for 1108 strains (226 Staphylococcus aureus, 257 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 6 Streptococcus pyogenes, 206 Haemophilus influenzae, 120 Moraxella catarrhalis, 122 Klebsiell...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
In vivo and in vitro effects of fluoroquinolones on lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine productionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Fluoroquinolones have been reported to affect cytokine production in vitro. We investigated the effects of fluoroquinolones
on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production in vivo and in vitro. LPS was administered to mice treated
with ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),
interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured. In addition, peritoneal macrophages collected from mice were
treated with the four fluoroquinolones for 1 h, followed by the addition of LPS, and the TNF-α, IL-1β...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Increase of atypical lymphocytes expressing CD4+/CD45RO+ in an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome associated with hepatitis A virus infectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Subpopulations of regular and atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a 24-year-old man with an infectious mononucleosis
(IM)-like syndrome associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were analyzed. The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was in
the normal range (1.19 and 1.23 in the regular and atypical lymphocytes, respectively), with no increase in CD8+ cells. The
percentage of CD8+/CD11b- cells was not increased in the atypical lymphocytes. However, CD45RO+ was expressed on 86.3% of
CD4+ atypical lymphocytes. The present data suggest that atypical lymphocytes expressing CD4+/CD45RO+ may pl...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Urosepsis caused by Edwardsiella tardaEmail this article to a colleague.
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We describe a fatal case of
urosepsis caused by E. tarda. The patient’s underlying condition of advanced uterine cancer may have contributed to the development of the infection.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0678-8Authors
Takayuki Tamada, University of Tsukuba School of Medicine Tsukuba, Ibaraki JapanHiroshi Koganemaru, Tsukuba University Hospital Department of Infectious Diseases 2-1-1 Amakubo Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576 JapanKoji Matsumoto, Tsukuba University Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Tsukuba, Ibaraki JapanShigemi Hitomi, Tsukuba University Hospital De...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Usefulness of initial blood cultures in patients admitted with pneumonia from an emergency department in JapanEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Guidelines recommend obtaining blood cultures for all patients admitted with pneumonia. However, recent American studies have
reported the low impact of these cultures on antibiotic therapy. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of bacteremia and
change of therapy in admitted pneumonia patients from whom blood cultures were obtained in the emergency department (ED).
A retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients (age ≥12 years) with pneumonia hospitalized
through the ED between January 1 and December 31, 2006, in an urban teaching hospital in Japan. Data were...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Rapid analysis of Clostridium difficile strains recovered from hospitalized patients by using the slpA sequence typing systemEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, slpA sequence typing was useful in the setting of a local hospital and may be a powerful tool for the epidemiological study of
C. difficile infection.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0681-0Authors
Hideaki Kato, Toyokawa City Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Kohmeicho 1-19 Toyokawa 442-8561 JapanHaru Kato, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control Tokyo JapanMakoto Nakamura, Toyokawa City Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Kohmeicho 1-19 Toyokawa 442-8561 JapanYasuhito Iwashima, Nagoya City University ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Clinical efficacy of oral administration of 200 mg gatifloxacin once daily for 3 days for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated cystitisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract To assess the clinical efficacy of oral antibiotic administration for the treatment of lower urinary tract infection (UTI),
102 female patients were given gatifloxacin (200 mg once daily for 3 days). Five to nine days after treatment, drug safety
and clinical efficacy were assessed by evaluation of urinalysis and symptoms. Further, the patients were asked to report by
mail whether they had persistent or recurrent symptoms at 4–6 weeks after treatment. The overall clinical cure rate was 93.1%
(95/102). Of 94 patients with susceptible pathogens and 8 with resistant pathogens, 89 (94.7%) and 6 (75.0%...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - April 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Anti-interferon-γ autoantibody in a patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complexEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection involving multiple bone lesions despite a normal healthy status until 6 months previously. Because
she was suspected to have acquired immunodeficiency, we tested interferon (IFN)-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMC) after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3 stimulation, and found that these cells produced no, or undetectable,
levels of IFN-γ in the presence of the patient’s plasma, but produced nearly normal levels of IFN-γ in the presence of healthy
donor plasma. Since the IgG fraction of ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - April 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
The efficacy of high-dose penicillin for community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed by pneumococcal urine antigen testEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We analyzed the efficacy of both the Streptococcus pneumoniae urine antigen test as a quick diagnostic tool and the administration of high-dose penicillin in response to a positive S. pneumoniae urine antigen test. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 48 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia, in which the patients were
treated with high-dose penicillin. All the cases were diagnosed by a positive urine antigen test. Treatment with high-dose
penicillin was effective in 43 of the 48 patients. This treatment was also effective in 12 of 16 culture-confirmed cases with
low susceptibility to penicillin. Eleve...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - April 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Fluoroquinolones reduce carrageenan-induced edema in rats and the involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor systemEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We studied the effect of fluoroquinolones (FQs) on carrageenan-induced edema in the rat footpad. Ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin,
sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, and enoxacin (s.c., 100 mg/kg), which have piperazinyl and/or cyclopropyl groups, inhibited carrageenan-induced
edema, whereas levofloxacin, tosufloxacin, and pazufloxacin did not. The reduction of edema by ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin,
and enoxacin was abolished by pretreatment with mifepristone, an antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. These results
suggest that FQs with piperazinyl and/or cyclopropyl groups can modify biological responses thr...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - April 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with bronchial asthmaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to clarify whether inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) increased the infectious load of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and/or Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the respiratory tracts of asthmatic children. We studied a total of 310 outpatients with chronic stable asthma. Real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive results for C. pneumoniae were obtained in 21 of 310 (6.8%) throat samples and 21 of 293 (7.2%) nasopharyngeal samples. There was no significant difference
in the rate of detection or in the quantity of detection for C. pneumoniae between the ICS group and the non-ICS group,...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - April 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
Genotypes, intrafamilial transmission, and virulence potential of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from children in the communityEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Pediatric outpatients and healthy children in the community were examined for nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Japan. MRSA isolation frequencies were 0.7% (3/426) and 3.7% (5/136), respectively, in pediatric outpatients and
healthy children in the community (overall frequency, 1.4%). The frequency of MRSA isolation was higher in children 5–9 years
of age compared with the other age groups. All eight MRSA strains isolated were Panton-Valentine leukocidin-negative. Of these,
three with the genotype multilocus sequence type (ST) 8/spa606/SCCmecIV (2 cases) and ST88/spa999/SC...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - April 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
In vitro antifungal combination effects of micafungin with fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine against clinical isolates of Candida speciesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0002-7Authors
Isao Nishi, Osaka University Hospital Laboratory for Clinical Investigation 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanAtsuko Sunada, Osaka University Hospital Laboratory for Clinical Investigation 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanMasahiro Toyokawa, Osaka University Hospital Laboratory for Clinical Investigation 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanSeishi Asari, Osaka University Hospital Department of Infection Control and Prevention Osaka JapanYoshinori Iwatani, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Biome...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - April 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals
