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Construction and Application of Efficient Ac-Ds Transposon Tagging Vectors in Rice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Transposons are effective mutagens alternative to T-DNA for the generation of insertional mutants in many plant species including those whose transformation is inefficient. The current strategies of transposon tagging are usually slow and labor-intensive and yield low frequency of tagged lines. We have constructed a series of transposon tagging vectors based on three approaches: (i) AcTPase controlled by glucocorticoid binding domain/VP16 acidic activation domain/Gal4 DNA-binding domain (GVG) chemical-inducible expression system; (ii) deletion of AcTPase via Cre-lox site-specific recombination that was initial...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Qu S, Jeon JS, Ouwerkerk PB, Bellizzi M, Leach J, Ronald P, Wang GL Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Molecular Characterization of a Dehydroascorbate Reductase from Pinus bungeana.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) plays a critical role in the ascorbate-glutathione recycling reaction for most higher plants. To date, studies on DHAR in higher plants have focused largely on Arabidopsis and agricultural plants, and there is virtually no information on the molecular characteristics of DHAR in gymnosperms. The present study reports the cloning and characteristics of a DHAR (PbDHAR) from a pine, Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. The PbDHAR gene encodes a protein of 215 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 24.26 kDa. The predicted 3-D structure of PbDHAR showed a typical glutathi...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Yang HL, Zhao YR, Wang CL, Yang ZL, Zeng QY, Lu H Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Dehydration Kinetics of Embryonic Axes from Desiccation-sensitive Seeds: An Assessment of Descriptive Models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The response of desiccation-sensitive plant tissues to dehydration is significantly affected by dehydration conditions, particularly the rate of drying. Consequently it is important to be able to quantify drying rate. The aim of the study was to assess two models that have been proposed to describe drying kinetics, and thus to provide a quantification of non-linear drying rates, of embryonic axes excised from recalcitrant seeds. These models are an exponential drying time course, and a modified inverse relationship, respectively. For the six species investigated here the inverse function was generally found to...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Ntuli TM, Pammenter NW Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Mobilization and Acquisition of Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Starved Environment I. Differential Growth Response, P-Efficiency Characteristics and P-Remobilization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Phosphorus (P) starvation is highly notorious for limiting plant growth around the globe. To combat P-starvation, plants constantly sense the changes in their environment, and elicit an elegant myriad of plastic responses and rescue strategies to enhance P-solublization and acquisition from bound soil P-forms. Relative growth responses, P-solublization and P-acquisition ability of 14 diverse Brassica cultivars grown with sparingly soluble P-sources (Rock-P (RP) and Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) (TCP)) were evaluated in a solution culture experiment. Cultivars showed considerable genetic diversity in terms of biomass accumul...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Akhtar MS, Oki Y, Adachi T Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Mobilization and Acquisition of Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Starved Environment II. Rhizospheric pH changes, Redesigned Root Architecture and Pi-Uptake Kinetics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Non-mycorrhizal Brassica does not produce specialized root structures such as cluster or dauciform roots but is an effective user of P compared with other crops. In addition to P-uptake, utilization and remobilization activity, acquisition of orthophosphate (Pi) from extracellular sparingly P-sources or unavailable bound P-forms can be enhanced by biochemical rescue mechanisms such copious H(+)-efflux and/or carboxylates exudation into rhizosphere by roots via plasmalemma H(+) ATPase and anion channels triggered by P-starvation. To visualize the dissolution of sparingly soluble Ca-phosphate (Ca-P), newly forme...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Akhtar MS, Oki Y, Adachi T Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Substrate Selectivity of Glycerol-3-phosphate Acyl Transferase in Rice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Substrate selectivity of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2. 3. 1. 15) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was explored in a comparative study of acyltransferases from seven plant species. In vitro labeling of acyl carrier protein (ACP) with (14)C or (3)H showed that acyltransferase from chill-sensitive plants, such as rice that uses either oleic (18:1) or palmitic acid (16:0) as acyl donor at comparable rates, displays lower selectivity than the enzyme from chill-resistant plants, such as spinach, which preferentially uses oleic acid (18:1) rather than palmitic acid (16:0) as an acyl donor. This may be a result...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Zhu SQ, Zhao H, Zhou R, Ji BH, Dan XY Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Water Supply Changes N and P Conservation in a Perennial Grass Leymus chinensis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Changes in precipitation can influence soil water and nutrient availability, and thus affect plant nutrient conservation strategies. Better understanding of how nutrient conservation changes with variations in water availability is crucial for predicting the potential influence of global climate change on plant nutrient-use strategy. Here, green-leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, N- and P-resorption proficiency (the terminal N and P concentration in senescent leaves, NRP and PRP, respectively), and N- and P-resorption efficiency (the proportional N and P withdrawn from senescent leaves prior ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Huang JY, Yu HL, Li LH, Yuan ZY, Bartels S Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Erratum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19903227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology)
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Recruitment Notice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19903228 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology)
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biology Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Actin dynamics regulates voltage-dependent calcium-permeable channels of the Vicia faba guard cell plasma membrane.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Free cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) is an ubiquitous second messenger in plant cell signaling, and [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation is associated with Ca(2+)-permeable channels in the plasma membrane and endomembranes regulated by a wide range of stimuli. However, knowledge regarding Ca(2+) channels and their regulation remains limited in planta. A type of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-permeable channel was identified and characterized for the Vicia faba L. guard cell plasma membrane by using patch-clamp techniques. These channels are permeable to both Ba(2+) and Ca(2+), and their activities can be inhibited by micromolar Gd(3+). ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - September 27, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang W, Fan LM Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

The distribution of japonica rice cultivars in the lower region of the Yangtze River valley is determined by its photoperiod-sensitivity and heading date genotypes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There are generally four recognized classes of japonica rice cultivars grown in the lower region of the Yangtze River valley. The geographical distribution of the four classes is latitude-dependent. Variation for heading date (HD) among 29 japonica rice cultivars grown in the lower region of the Yangtze River valley and belonging to the four classes was characterized, and their sensitivity to variations in photoperiod and temperature was analyzed. All of the cultivars were sensitive to both photoperiod and temperature. A regression analysis showed that HD is closely correlated with photoperiod sensitivity (PS). The PS ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - September 27, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Wei XJ, Jiang L, Xu JF, Liu X, Liu SJ, Zhai HQ, Wan JM Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Characterization of kiwifruit xyloglucan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Structural characteristics of xyloglucan are constant in the pericarp cell walls of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) throughout fruit enlargement and maturation. Most of the xyloglucan (XG) persists in the cell walls of ripe kiwifruit. XG from the pericarp tissues of 36-h ethylene-treated kiwifruit was extracted as hemicellulose II (HC-II) with 4.28 M KOH containing 0.02% NaBH(4), and purified using iodine precipitation and subsequent anion-exchange chromatography. This purifying protocol increased XG purity from 50 mol% in HC-II fraction to 62 mol% in the purified XG powder. The molar ratio of glucose: xylose: galactos...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - September 27, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Li X, Sakurai N, Nevins DJ Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Different responses of plant growth and antioxidant system to the combination of cadmium and heat stress in transgenic and non-transgenic rice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A comparative study of just cadmium (Cd) or heat and their combination treatments on some physiological parameters and the antioxidant systems in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghua No.11) carrying glutathione-S-transferase (GST, EC. 2.5.1.18) and catalase1 (CAT1, EC. 1.11.1.6) and non-transgenics was conducted. The results revealed improved resistance in the transgenics to Cd and the combined Cd and heat stress than non-transgenics. Data showed that the activities of CAT, GST, superoxide dismutase (EC.1.15.1.1) and all components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle measured in the stressed transgenics shoots ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - September 27, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Zhao FY, Liu W, Zhang SY Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Endogenous hydrogen peroxide plays a positive role in the upregulation of heme oxygenase and acclimation to oxidative stress in wheat seedling leaves.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pretreatment of lower H(2)O(2) doses (0.05, 0.5 and 5 mM) for 24 h was able to dose-dependently attenuate lipid peroxidation in wheat seedling leaves mediated by further oxidative damage elicited by higher dose of H(2)O(2) (150 mM) for 6 h, with 0.5 mM H(2)O(2) being the most effective concentrations. Further results illustrated that 0.5 mM H(2)O(2) pretreatment triggered the biphasic production of H(2)O(2) during a 24 h period. We also noticed that only peak I (0.25 h) rather than peak II (4 h) was approximately consistent with the enhancement of heme oxygenase (HO) activity, HO-1 gene expression. Meanwhile, enhanced ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - September 27, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Chen XY, Ding X, Xu S, Wang R, Xuan W, Cao ZY, Chen J, Wu HH, Ye MB, Shen WB Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Induction of protection against paraquat-induced oxidative damage by abscisic acid in maize leaves is mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade has been shown to be important components in stress signal transduction pathway. In the present study, protection of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) against paraquat-generated oxidative toxicity by abscisic acid (ABA), its association with MAPK and ZmMPK5, a candidate for MAPK were investigated. Treatment of maize leaves with exogenous ABA led to significant decreases in the content of malondialdehyde, the percentage of ion leakage and the level of protein oxidation (in terms of carbonyl groups) under paraquat (PQ) stress. However, such decreases were blocked by the pretrea...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - September 27, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Ding HD, Zhang XH, Xu SC, Sun LL, Jiang MY, Zhang AY, Jin YG Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Potential autonomous selfing in Gesneria citrina (Gesneriaceae), a specialized hummingbird pollinated species with variable expression of herkogamy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Species with mixed mating systems often demonstrate variable expression of breeding system characteristics and thus represent the opportunity to understand the factors and mechanisms that promote both outcrossed and selfed seed production. Here, we investigate variation in levels of herkogamy (variation in stigma-anther separation distance) in a Puerto Rican population of hummingbird pollinated Gesneria citrina Urban. There is significant variation in herkogamy levels among individuals of this species and stigma-anther separation is negatively associated with the ability to set fruits and seeds in the absence of pollin...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - September 27, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Chen XS, Martén-Rodríguez S, Li QJ, Fenster CB Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Quantitative trait Loci for panicle layer uniformity identified in doubled haploid lines of rice in two environments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Uniformity of stem height in rice directly affects crop yield potential and appearance, and has become a vital index for rice improvement. In the present study, a doubled haploid (DH) population, derived from a cross between japonica rice Chunjiang 06 and indica rice TN1 was used to analyze the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for three related traits of panicle-layer-uniformity; that is, the tallest panicle height, the lowest panicle height and panicle layer disuniformity in two locations: Hangzhou (HZ) and Hainan (HN). A total of 16 QTLs for three traits distributed on eight chromosomes were detected in two different e...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Ma L, Bao J, Guo L, Zeng D, Li X, Ji Z, Xia Y, Yang C, Qian Q Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

The OsDHODH1 gene is involved in salt and drought tolerance in rice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present paper, we identified and cloned OsDHODH1 encoding a putative cytosolic dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in rice. Expression analysis indicated that OsDHODH1 is upregulated by salt, drought and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), but not by cold. By prokaryotic expression, we determined the enzymatic activity of OsDHODH1 and found that overproduction of OsDHODH1 significantly improved the tolerance of Escherichia coli cells to salt and osmotic stresses. Overexpression of the OsDHODH1 gene in rice increased the DHODH activity and enhanced plant tolerance to salt and drought stresses as compared with wild ty...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Liu WY, Wang MM, Huang J, Tang HJ, Lan HX, Zhang HS Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Variation of B chromosome associated with tissue culture in wheat-rye cross.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In vitro variation of B chromosomes was studied by examining the callus cells derived from the immature embryos from a cross of Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Fin 7416 rye (Secale cereale L.) carrying two B chromosomes. In 40-d-old callus cells, the numbers of B chromosomes ranged from one to four in 65.6% of the cells observed. The distribution of B chromosome numbers was associated with the ploidy levels of the normal chromosomes (A chromosomes). The frequency of the cells with high numbers of B chromosomes (i.e., three or four B chromosomes) in the amphiploid cells with 56 A chromosomes was greater ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Tian B, Li H Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

A comparative study on the role of cytokinins in caryopsis development in the maize miniature1 seed mutant and its wild type.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here on a comparative developmental profile of plant hormone cytokinins in relation to cell size, cell number and endoreduplication in developing maize caryopsis of a cell wall invertase-deficient miniature1 (mn1) seed mutant and its wild type, Mn1, genotype. Both genotypes showed extremely high levels of total cytokinins during the very early stages of development, followed by a marked and genotype specific reduction. While the decrease of cytokinins in Mn1 was associated with their deactivation by 9-glucosylation, the absolute and the relative part of active cytokinin forms was higher in the mutant. During the ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Rijavec T, Kovac M, Kladnik A, Chourey PS, Dermastia M Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

A comparative analysis of embryo and endosperm proteome from seeds of Jatropha curcas.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Jatropha curcas is an important economic plant for biodiesel, which is extracted mainly from the endosperm of its mature seeds. Despite the morphological and functional differences between the embryo and endosperm, proteomic characteristics of the two tissues are not yet known. Similar proteomic profiles were observed in the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis maps from the two tissues. There were 380 and 533 major protein spots in the embryo and endosperm, respectively. Fourteen identical spots, showing a notable change, were selected and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Among these proteins, dihydrolipoamide a...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Liu H, Liu YJ, Yang MF, Shen SH Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Osmopriming-regulated changes of plasma membrane composition and function were inhibited by phenylarsine oxide in soybean seeds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of osmoconditioning on chilling injury in chilling-sensitive soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Zhonghuang No. 22) seeds during imbibition. Low temperatures reduced the germination rate and no seed germinated at 1 degrees C. Osmoconditioning of seeds at 20 degrees C with a polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG8000) solution at 1.5 MPa for 72 h followed by drying back to their initial moisture content (MC) reduced their chilling sensitivity. The phenylarsine oxide (PAO), an inhibitor of protein tyrosinephosphatases, was used to investigate the possible involvement of phosp...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Zhuo J, Wang W, Lu Y, Sen W, Wang X Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Detection of quantitative trait loci for yield and drought tolerance traits in soybean using a recombinant inbred line population.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate the genetic basis of drought tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) a recombinant inbred population with 184 F(2:7:11) lines developed from a cross between Kefeng1 (drought tolerant) and Nannong1138-2 (drought sensitive) were tested under water-stressed and well-watered conditions in field and greenhouse trials. Traits measured included leaf wilting coefficient, excised leaf water loss and relative water content as indicators of plant water status and seed yield. A total of 40 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified: 17 for leaf water status traits under drought stress and 23 for seed yield u...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Du W, Yu D, Fu S Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Correlation and quantitative trait loci analyses of total chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of rice (Oryza sativa) under water stress and well-watered conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to explore the relevant molecular genetic mechanisms of photosynthetic rate (PR) and chlorophyll content (CC) in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we conducted a series of related experiments using a population of recombinant inbred lines (Zhenshan97B x IRAT109). We found a significant correlation between CC and PR (R= 0.19**) in well-watered conditions, but no significant correlation during water stress (r= 0.08). We detected 13 main quantitative trait loci (QTLs) located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10, which were associated with CC, including six QTLs located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 during water stre...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Hu SP, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Zhu XD, Li L, Luo LJ, Liu GL, Zhou QM Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic origin of Phyllolobium with a further implication for diversification of Astragalus in China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Astragalus is a species-rich genus occurring in the western arid habitats in China and its diversification and infrageneric relationships in this region remain unclear. In the present study, based on molecular data, we aim to (i) test whether Phyllolobium (previously treated as a subgenus Pogonophace in Astragalus) should be warranted; and (ii) date the origin of Phyllolobium and probable diversification of Astragalus sensu stricto (s.s.). We sequenced five species from Phyllolobium first and collected all related sequences from the genus, Astragalus s.s and their close relatives (Oxytropis and Caragana etc.). Our phyl...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang M, Kang Y, Zhou L, Podlech D Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Carbon sequestration in two alpine soils on the Tibetan Plateau.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Soil carbon sequestration was estimated in a conifer forest and an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau using a carbon-14 radioactive label provided by thermonuclear weapon tests (known as bomb-(14)C). Soil organic matter was physically separated into light and heavy fractions. The concentration spike of bomb-(14)C occurred at a soil depth of 4 cm in both the forest soil and the alpine meadow soil. Based on the depth of the bomb-(14)C spike, the carbon sequestration rate was determined to be 38.5 g C/m(2) per year for the forest soil and 27.1 g C/m(2) per year for the alpine meadow soil. Considering that more than 60% ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Tian YQ, Xu XL, Song MH, Zhou CP, Gao Q, Ouyang H Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Sexual plant reproduction: a fertile and flourishing field.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19686368 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology)
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Sun M Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Analyses of sexual reproductive success in transgenic and/or mutant plants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pistil, the female reproductive organ of plants, is a key player in the success of sexual plant reproduction. Ultimately, the production of fruits and seeds depends on the proper pistil development and function. Therefore, the identification and characterization of pistil expressed genes is essential for a better understanding and manipulation of the plant reproduction process. For studying the function of pistil expressed genes, transgenic and/or mutant plants for the genes of interest are used. The present article provides a review of methods already exploited to analyze sexual reproductive success. We intend to ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Calixto CP, Goldman GH, Goldman MH Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Pollen tube growth: a delicate equilibrium between secretory and endocytic pathways.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although pollen tube growth is a prerequisite for higher plant fertilization and seed production, the processes leading to pollen tube emission and elongation are crucial for understanding the basic mechanisms of tip growth. It was generally accepted that pollen tube elongation occurs by accumulation and fusion of Golgi-derived secretory vesicles (SVs) in the apical region, or clear zone, where they were thought to fuse with a restricted area of the apical plasma membrane (PM), defining the apical growth domain. Fusion of SVs at the tip reverses outside cell wall material and provides new segments of PM. However, elect...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Moscatelli A, Idilli AI Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Regulation of actin dynamics in pollen tubes: control of actin polymer level.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Actin cytoskeleton undergoes rapid reorganization in response to internal and external cues. How the dynamics of actin cytoskeleton are regulated, and how its dynamics relate to its function are fundamental questions in plant cell biology. The pollen tube is a well characterized actin-based cell morphogenesis in plants. One of the striking features of actin cytoskeleton characterized in the pollen tube is its surprisingly low level of actin polymer. This special phenomenon might relate to the function of actin cytoskeleton in pollen tubes. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying this special phenomenon require...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Chen N, Qu X, Wu Y, Huang S Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

A genome-wide functional characterization of Arabidopsis regulatory calcium sensors in pollen tubes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Calcium, an ubiquitous second messenger, plays an essential and versatile role in cellular signaling. The diverse function of calcium signals is achieved by an excess of calcium sensors. Plants possess large numbers of calcium sensors, most of which have not been functionally characterized. To identify physiologically relevant calcium sensors in a specific cell type, we conducted a genome-wide functional survey in pollen tubes, for which spatiotemporal calcium signals are well-characterized and required for polarized tip growth. Pollen-specific members of calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like (CML), calcium-dependent protein kina...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Zhou L, Fu Y, Yang Z Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

GNOM-LIKE 2, encoding an adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factor protein homologous to GNOM and GNL1, is essential for pollen germination in Arabidopsis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In flowering plants, male gametes are delivered to female gametophytes by pollen tubes. Although it is important for sexual plant reproduction, little is known about the genetic mechanism that controls pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Here we report the identification and characterization of two novel mutants, gnom-like 2-1 (gnl2-1) and gnl2-2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, in which the pollen grains failed to germinate in vitro and in vivo. GNL2 encodes a protein homologous to the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GNOM and GNL1 that are involved in endosomal recycling a...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Jia DJ, Cao X, Wang W, Tan XY, Zhang XQ, Chen LQ, Ye D Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Premature tapetum degeneration: a major cause of abortive pollen development in photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility in rice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PSGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.), a natural mutant found in the rice cultivar Nongken 58, is very useful for the development of hybrid rice cultivars. Despite its widespread use in breeding programs, the initial stage of the abortive development of PSGMS rice and the possible cytological mechanisms of pollen abortion have not been determined. In the present study, a systematic cytological comparison of the anther development of PSGMS rice with its normal fertile counterpart is conducted. The results show that pollen abortion in PSGMS rice first occurs before the pollen mother cell...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Shi Y, Zhao S, Yao J Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Comparative detection of calcium fluctuations in single female sex cells of tobacco to distinguish calcium signals triggered by in vitro fertilization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Double fertilization is a key process of sexual reproduction in higher plants. The role of calcium in the activation of female sex cells through fertilization has recently received a great deal of attention. The establishment of a Ca(2+)-imaging technique for living, single, female sex cells is a difficult but necessary prerequisite for evaluating the role of Ca(2+) in the transduction of external stimuli, including the fusion with the sperm cell, to internal cellular processes. The present study describes the use of Fluo-3 for reporting the Ca(2+) signal in isolated, single, female sex cells, egg cells and central cel...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Peng XB, Sun MX, Yang HY Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Oil body biogenesis during Brassica napus embryogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although the oil body is known to be an important membrane enclosed compartment for oil storage in seeds, we have little understanding about its biogenesis during embryogenesis. In the present study we investigated the oil body emergence and variations in Brassica napus cv. Topas. The results demonstrate that the oil bodies could be detected already at the heart stage, at the same time as the embryos began to turn green, and the starch grains accumulated in the chloroplast stroma. In comparison, we have studied the development of oil bodies between Arabidopsis thaliana wild type (Col) and the low-seed-oil mutant wrinkl...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: He YQ, Wu Y Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

The earliest normal flower from Liaoning Province, China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The early evolution of angiosperms has been a focus of intensive research for more than a century. The Yixian Formation in western Liaoning yields one of the earliest angiosperm macrofloras. Despite multitudes of angiosperm fossils uncovered, including Archaefructus and Sinocarpus, no bona fide normal flower has been dated to 125 Ma (mega-annum) or older. Here we report Callianthus dilae gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous) in western Liaoning, China as the earliest normal flower known to date. The flower demonstrates a typical floral organization, including tepals, androecium, and gynoecium. T...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Wang X, Zheng S Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Molecular and biochemical evidence for phenylpropanoid synthesis and presence of wall-linked phenolics in cotton fibers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber is a single cell with a typically thickened secondary cell wall. The aim of this research was to use molecular, spectroscopic and chemical techniques to investigate the possible occurrence of previously overlooked accumulation of phenolics during secondary cell wall formation in cotton fibers. Relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that GhCAD6 and GhCAD1 were predominantly expressed among seven gene homologs, only GhCAD6 was up-regulated during secondary wall formation in cotton fibers. Phylogenic analysis revealed that GhCAD...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Fan L, Shi WJ, Hu WR, Hao XY, Wang DM, Yuan H, Yan HY Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes and down-adjustment of metabolism level in mitochondria associated with desiccation-tolerance acquisition of maize embryo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is a well-known fact that a mature seed can survive losing most of its water, yet how seeds acquire desiccation-tolerance is not well understood. Through sampling maize embryos of different developmental stages and comparatively studying the integrity, oxygen consumption rate and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the mitochondria, the main origin site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in seed cells, we found that before an embryo achieves desiccation-tolerance, its mitochondria shows a more active metabolism, and might produce more ROS and therefore need a more effective ROS scavenging system. However, ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Wu JH, Wang WQ, Song SQ, Cheng HY Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

The response difference of mitochondria in recalcitrant Antiaris toxicaria axes and orthodox Zea mays embryos to dehydration injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Long-term preservation of recalcitrant seeds is very difficult because the physiological basis on their desiccation sensitivity is poorly understood. Survival of Antiaris toxicaria axes rapidly decreased and that of immature maize embryos very slowly decreased with dehydration. To understand their different responses to dehydration, we examined the changes in mitochondria activity during dehydration. Although activities of cytochrome (Cyt) c oxidase and malate dehydrogenase of the A. toxicaria axis and maize embryo mitochondria decreased with dehydration, the parameters of maize embryo mitochondria were much higher tha...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Song SQ, Tian MH, Kan J, Cheng HY Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Involvement of protein phosphorylation in water stress-induced antioxidant defense in maize leaves.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, the role of protein phosphorylation and the interrelationship between water stress-enhanced kinase activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and endogenous abscisic acid in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves were investigated. Water-stress upregulated the activities of total protein phosphorylation and Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, and the upregulation was blocked in abscisic acid-deficient vp5 mutant. Furthermore, pretreatments with a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor and a scavenger of H2O2 significantly reduced ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Xu S, Ding H, Su F, Zhang A, Jiang M Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Regulation of OsSPX1 and OsSPX3 on expression of OsSPX domain genes and Pi-starvation signaling in rice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome contains at least six genes exclusively with an SPX (SYG1/PHO81/XPR1) domain at the N-terminal, designated as OsSPX1-6. Here we report the diverse expression patterns of the OsSPX genes in different tissues and their responses to Pi-starvation. Among them, five genes, OsSPX1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 are responsive to Pi-starvation in shoots and/or in roots. The subcellular localization analysis indicates that OsSPX1 and OsSPX2 is exclusively located in nucleus, OsSPX3 in the cytoplasm, and OsSPX4 is a membrane localization protein. OsSPX1 regulates OsSPX2, 3 and 5 at the transcription level and ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Wang Z, Hu H, Huang H, Duan K, Wu Z, Wu P Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Oxygation enhances growth, gas exchange and salt tolerance of vegetable soybean and cotton in a saline vertisol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Impacts of salinity become severe when the soil is deficient in oxygen. Oxygation (using aerated water for subsurface drip irrigation of crop) could minimize the impact of salinity on plants under oxygen-limiting soil environments. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of oxygation (12% air volume/volume of water) on vegetable soybean (moderately salt tolerant) and cotton (salt tolerant) in a salinized vertisol at 2, 8, 14, 20 dS/m EC(e). In vegetable soybean, oxygation increased above ground biomass yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by 13% and 22%, respectively, compared with the control. Higher yi...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Bhattarai SP, Midmore DJ Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Growth, nitrogen uptake and flow in maize plants affected by root growth restriction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of a reduced maize root-system size on root growth and nitrogen (N) uptake and flow within plants. Restriction of shoot-borne root growth caused a strong decrease in the absorption of root: shoot dry weight ratio and a reduction in shoot growth. On the other hand, compensatory growth and an increased N uptake rate in the remaining roots were observed. Despite the limited long-distance transport pathway in the mesocotyl with restriction of shoot-borne root growth, N cycling within these plants was higher than those in control plants, implying that xylem and...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Xu L, Niu J, Li C, Zhang F Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Repeated range expansion and glacial endurance of Potentilla glabra (Rosaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To date, little is still known about how alpine species occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) responded to past climatic oscillations. Here, by using variations of the chloroplast trnT-L, we examined the genetic distribution pattern of 101 individuals of Potentilla glabra, comprising both the interior QTP and the plateau edge. Phylogenetic and network analyses of 31 recovered haplotypes identified three tentative clades (A, B and C). Analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed that most of the genetic variability was found within populations (0.693), while differentiations between populations were obviousl...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Wang LY, Ikeda H, Liu TL, Wang YJ, Liu JQ Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Ethylene evolution changes in tilted Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica maxim. seedlings in relation to tension wood formation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of ethylene on tension wood formation were studied in 3-year-old Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. seedlings in two separate experiments. In experiment 1, ethylene evolution of buds and stems was measured using gas chromatography after 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 d of treatment; in experiment 2, both aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and AgNO3 were applied to the horizontally-placed stems, and the cell numbers on sites of applications were measured after 40 d. Ethylene evolution from buds was found to be much greater in tilted seedlings than in upright ones. The cell numbers of wood fibers in shoots an...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - June 30, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Jiang S, Xu K, Zhao N, Zheng SX, Ren YP, Gao YB, Gu S Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Localization and dynamic change of saponin in vegetative organs of Polygala tenuifolia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure, localization and dynamic changes of total saponin and senegenin of vegetative organs in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Histochemical localization results showed that saponin accumulated mainly in parenchyma cells of vegetative organs. The phytochemical results also showed that the saponin accumulated in the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia, with higher content in roots and lower content in the aerial parts that included stems and leaves. The saponin content and dry weight of the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia had dynamic varia...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - May 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Teng HM, Fang MF, Cai X, Hu ZH Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Fingerprinting analysis of rhizoma chuanxiong of commercial types using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography method.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) fingerprints of fractionated non-polar extracts (control substance for a plant drug (CSPD) A) from Rhizoma chuanxiong, the rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., of seven specimens from different sources were measured on Fourier Transform (FT)-NMR spectrometer and assigned by comparing them with the (1)H NMR spectra of the isolated pure compounds. The (1)H NMR fingerprints showed exclusively characteristic resonance signals of the major special constituents of the plant. Although the differences in the relative intensity of the (1)H NMR signals due to a discrepancy in th...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - May 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Qin HL, Deng AJ, Du GH, Wang P, Zhang JL, Li ZH Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

A new acylated anthocyanin from the red flowers of Camellia hongkongensis and characterization of anthocyanins in the section Camellia species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Twelve anthocyanins (1-12) were isolated from the red flowers of Camellia hongkongensis Seem. by chromatography using open columns. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, that is, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon 13-nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, high resolution electrospray ionization mass and ultraviolet visible spectroscopies. Out of these anthocyanins, a novel acylated anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-beta-galactopyranoside (6), two known acylated anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-(6-...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - May 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Li JB, Hashimoto F, Shimizu K, Sakata Y Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Effects of gibberellic acid on primary terpenoids and delta-tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa at flowering stage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Plants synthesize an astonishing diversity of isoprenoids, some of which play essential roles in photosynthesis, respiration, and the regulation of growth and development. Two independent pathways for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors coexist within the plant cell: the cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, little is known about the effects of plant hormones on the regulation of these pathways. In the present study we investigated the effect of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) on changes in the amounts of many produced terpenoids and the activity of ...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - May 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Mansouri H, Asrar Z, Mehrabani M Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals

Jasmonic acid is induced in a biphasic manner in response of pea seedlings to wounding.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant wounding response has been demonstrated. However, the source of JA in wound signaling remains unclear. In the present study, pea seedlings were used as material to investigate the systemic induction of JA and the activation of lipoxygenase (LOX)-dependent octadecanoid pathway upon wounding. The results showed that endogenous JA could induce two peaks in the wounded leaves and the stalks, while only one peak in the systemic leaves. LOX activity and its protein amount were also induced and the stimulation mainly occurred in the late phase, while one peak of induction was present af...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - May 31, 2009 Category: Biology Authors: Yang HR, Tang K, Liu HT, Pan QH, Huang WD Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: journals