Journal of Neural Transmission
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Evaluation of brain creatine kinase activity in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain
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Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and severe mood disorder associated with higher rates of suicide and disability. The development
of new animal models, and the investigation employing those available have extensively contributed to understand the pathophysiological
mechanisms of BD. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ouabain, a specific Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor, has been used as an animal model for BD. It has been demonstrated that Na+,K+-ATPase is altered in psychiatric disorders, especially BD. Creatine kinase (CK) is important for brain energy homeostasis
by exerting several integr...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - November 12, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Diadochokinetic movements differ between patients with Parkinson’s disease and controlsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objectives of the study were to assess pronation and supination
of the forearms and peg insertion with instruments and to correlate the outcomes with rating scores in PD patients. Controls
and 27 idiopathic PD patients, taken off treatment for 12 h, were scored and performed on both devices. PD patients showed
a reduced maximum velocity (v), performance interval and amplitude of diadochokinetic movements than controls. V outcomes showed closer associations to rated motor behavior, in particular akinesia and rigidity, and peg insertion results
than amplitude, respectively periods of diadochokinetic motion seque...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - November 9, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Association between the RAGE G82S polymorphism and Alzheimer’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is associated with several pathological states including Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) pathology, while its soluble form (sRAGE) acts as a decoy receptor. We have tested for association of AD with
a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the RAGE gene (G82S; rs2070600), a SNP associated with increased ligand
affinity of RAGE. Analysis of a Chinese cohort (276 cases; 254 controls) showed a higher prevalence of the RAGE 82S allele
and GS + SS genotype in the patients [82S vs. 82G: P = 0.017, odds ratio (OR) =&nbs...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - November 9, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and dopaminergic sensitivity in alcoholicsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The central serotonin (5-HT) system plays an important role in the rewarding and addictive properties of alcohol by a direct
activation of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. An insertion/deletion (L/S) promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) of the 5-HT
transporter (5-HHT) gene (SLC6A4) has been shown to influence transcriptional activity. It is predicted that reduced transynaptic
5-HT neurotransmission in alcoholics with the L/L genotype of 5-HTTLPR would result in a change in DA function compared to
the S/S genotype. Thus the present study has tested whether dopaminergic sensitivity is influenced by th...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - November 3, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Lipopolysaccharide-induced radical formation in the striatum is abolished in Nox2 gp91phox-deficient miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase complex is involved
in the central nervous ROS formation after peripheral LPS stimulation and might be a pharmacological target in patients with
septic shock.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0327-5Authors
Hans-Willi Clement, University of Freiburg Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Freiburg GermanyJuan F. Vazquez, University of Freiburg Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Freiburg GermanyOlaf Sommer, University of Freiburg Department of General and Visce...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 28, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Antioxidant strategy to rescue synaptosomes from oxidative damage and energy failure in neurotoxic models in rats: protective role of S-allylcysteineEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The functional preservation of nerve endings since the early stages of toxicity in a given damaging insult—either acute or
chronic—by means of antioxidant and neuroprotective agents is a primary need to design therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative
disorders, with particular emphasis on those diseases with excitotoxic and depleted energy metabolism components. S-allylcysteine
(SAC), a well-known antioxidant agent, was tested as a post-treatment in different in vitro and in vivo neurotoxic models.
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) was used as a typical excitotoxic/pro-oxidant inducer, 3-nitropropionic...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 28, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
EditorialEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0321-yAuthors
Ruth Arnon, The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities Jerusalem Israel
Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission)
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
PrefaceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0320-zAuthors
Volker ter Meulen, Heidelberg GermanyRuth Arnon, Heidelberg GermanyMoussa B. H. Youdim, Heidelberg GermanyPeter Riederer, Heidelberg Germany
Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission)
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Cognitive effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article provides a systematic review of
HF-rTMS studies (1999–2009) stimulating over the prefrontal cortex of patients suffering from psychiatric/neurological diseases
or healthy volunteers, where the effects on cognitive functions were measured. The cognitive effect was analyzed with regard
to the impact of clinical status (patients/healthy volunteers) and stimulation type (verum/sham). RTMS at 10, 15 or 20 Hz,
applied over the left DLPFC, within a range of 10–15 successive sessions and an individual motor threshold of 80–110%, is
most likely to cause significant cognitive improvement. In comparison, ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Effectiveness and tolerability of citalopram for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: an open-label studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of citalopram for the acute treatment of children and adolescents suffering from
depression and/or anxiety disorders. As much as 78 outpatients, aged 7–18 years with a diagnosis of depressive and/or anxiety
disorder, completed an 8-week open trial with citalopram (20–40 mg/day). Outcome, side effects and suicidality were assessed
weekly to bi-weekly using appropriate rating scales. At endpoint 56% of subjects were found to be responders (Clinical Global
Impression-Improvement [CGI-I] Scale ≤ 2). Subjects with less severe psychopa...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 22, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Abnormal morphology of peripheral cell tissues from patients with Huntington diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We investigated the genotype-dependency of morphological abnormalities in peripheral cells from Huntington disease (HD) patients.
Cell cultures derived from skin and muscle biopsies showed a different set of abnormalities depending on the genotype (i.e.
heterozygous and homozygous for CAG mutations) and the tissue (i.e. fibroblasts and myoblasts). In general, homozygotes’ cell
lines showed massive ultrastructural damage of specific cell organelles compared with age matched control. These consist of
vacuolization, deranged crests and matrix found within giant mitochondria. In addition, enlarged end...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Growth factors improve neurogenesis and outcome after focal cerebral ischemiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article summarizes the progress made in this field.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0329-3Authors
Ronen Robert Leker, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center Stroke Service and the Peritz and Chantal Scheinberg Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology Hadassah Ein Kerem P. O. Box 12000 91120 Jerusalem IsraelValeri Lasri, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center Stroke Service and the Peritz and Chantal Scheinberg Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology Hadassah Ein Kerem P. O. Box 1...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 13, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Analysis of the genes coding for subunit 10 and 15 of cytochrome c oxidase in Alzheimer’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Decay of mitochondria and oxidative stress are associated with normal aging, but many neurodegenerative diseases, and particularly
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are characterized by a significant increase in the intensity of these traits. Recent data suggest
the possible contribution of heme deficiency to the progressive derangement of mitochondria in AD brain; shortage of heme,
and particularly of heme-a, actually leads to loss of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX), abnormal production of reactive oxygen species and altered amyloid precursor protein metabolism. We reasoned
that differences in t...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 13, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Glycine as a neurotransmitter in the forebrain: a short reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Since the late 1970s glycine has been considered an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain stem and medulla. The description
of its involvement in the mechanism of action of the potent neurotoxin strychnine pushed further the concept of inhibitory
transmitter. The significant concentrations of glycine in forebrain motivated investigators to evaluate different aspects
of glycinergic transmission under the ontogenetic, physiologic and pathologic standpoints. This review encompasses a few of
these aspects as the role of the different glycine receptors (GlyRs) in intracellular chloride balance, ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 13, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Pyroglutamate Abeta pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease casesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The presence of AβpE3 (N-terminal truncated Aβ starting with pyroglutamate) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has received considerable attention since
the discovery that this peptide represents a dominant fraction of Aβ peptides in senile plaques of AD brains. This was later
confirmed by other reports investigating AD and Down’s syndrome postmortem brain tissue. Importantly, AβpE3 has a higher aggregation propensity, and stability, and shows an increased toxicity compared to full-length Aβ. We have recently
shown that intraneuronal accumulation of AβpE3 peptides induces a severe neuron loss and ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 13, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Increased d-amino acid oxidase expression in the bilateral hippocampal CA4 of schizophrenic patients: a post-mortem studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract An important risk gene in schizophrenia is d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). To establish if expression of DAAO is altered in cortical, hippocampal or thalamic regions of schizophrenia
patients, we measured gene expression of DAAO in a post-mortem study of elderly patients with schizophrenia and non-affected
controls in both hemispheres differentiating between gray and white matter. We compared cerebral post-mortem samples (granular
frontal cortex BA9, middle frontal cortex BA46, superior temporal cortex BA22, entorhinal cortex BA28, sensoric cortex BA1–3,
hippocampus (CA4), mediodorsal nucleus of the ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 13, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
The dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist aplindore improves motor deficits in MPTP-treated common marmosets alone and combined with l-dopaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) using l-dopa is invariably associated with a loss of drug efficacy (“wearing off”) and the onset of dyskinesia. The use of dopamine
receptor partial agonists might improve therapeutic benefit without increased dyskinesia expression but may antagonise the
effects of l-dopa. We now examine the effects of the novel high affinity, dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, aplindore alone and in combination with l-dopa in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated common marmoset. In non-dyskinetic MPTP treated animals,
aplind...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 7, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Elevated serum homocysteine level is not associated with serum C-reactive protein in patients with probable Alzheimer’s diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitive impairment. Studies
have shown that Hcy may have direct and indirect neurotoxicity effects. The aim of the study was to investigate serum Hcy
concentration in patients with probable AD with age-matched controls and to determine whether there was an association between
serum Hcy and C-reactive protein concentration in patients with probable AD. We also aimed to determine whether there was
an association between serum tHcy concentration and cognitive impairment in patients with probable AD. S...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 7, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Cell-derived soluble oligomers of human amyloid-β peptides disturb cellular homeostasis and induce apoptosis in primary hippocampal neuronsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study
was designed to examine the effects of naturally generated Aβ oligomers, secreted from amyloid precursor protein-expressing
cells, on the homeostasis and viability of primary hippocampal neurons. Our results showed that primary hippocampal neurons
incubated with condition media containing cell-secreted soluble Aβ had higher levels of heat-shock protein (HSP)27, HSP60
and HSP70, and lower levels of HSP32 than those of the control neurons. The cell-secreted soluble Aβ caused mitochondria dysfunction
in hippocampal neurons as demonstrated by depolarized membrane potential and decreased cytochrome c oxidase ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - October 7, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
The particular relationship between Parkinson’s disease and malignancy: a focus on skin cancersEmail this article to a colleague.
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This article summarizes the findings of cohort
studies on skin cancer in Parkinson’s disease. Given that melanoma may precede use of l-dopa, the increased risk of melanoma for PD patients cannot be attributed to l-dopa. On the basis of these observations it may be reasonable to recommend that all patients with PD, whether treated with
l-dopa or not, should undergo regular dermatological screening for neoplastic or pre-neoplastic skin lesions, especially melanoma.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0322-xAuthors
Rivka Inzelberg, S...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 29, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Prediction of Alzheimer dementia with short neuropsychological instrumentsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuropsychological instruments in predicting Alzheimer dementia after 5 years in
the context of a longitudinal population-based cohort study. A total of 585 non-demented 75-year-old individuals completed
neuropsychological examination at the baseline investigation; 479 subjects were followed after 30 months and 404 after 60 months.
Cognition, depression and memory complaints were evaluated with psychometric instruments. Known risk factors for Alzheimer
dementia were included in the analyses. Univariate logistic regression analyses and stepwise...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 29, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
The interplay between mitochondrial complex I, dopamine and Sp1 in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Schizophrenia is currently believed to result from variations in multiple genes, each contributing a subtle effect, which
combines with each other and with environmental stimuli to impact both early and late brain development. At present, schizophrenia
clinical heterogeneity as well as the difficulties in relating cognitive, emotional and behavioral functions to brain substrates
hinders the identification of a disease-specific anatomical, physiological, molecular or genetic abnormality. Mitochondria
play a pivotal role in many essential processes, such as energy production, intracellular calcium buf...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 29, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Effects of extracellular pH reductions on [3H]d-aspartate and [3H]noradrenaline release by presynaptic nerve terminals isolated from rat cerebral cortexEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We analyzed the effects of extracellular pH reductions on the release of [3H]d-aspartate ([3H]d-ASP) and [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) from cerebrocortical synaptosomes isolated from rats. Synaptosomes were superfused with standard medium at a physiologic
pH of 7.4 and with acidified medium with a pH of 6.00, 5.50, or 5.0. Medium acidification produced pH-dependent stimulation
of [3H]d-ASP release. The increase amounted to 202 ± 12.6% when the pH was reduced to 5.5. The [3H]d-ASP release evoked by low pH (5.50) was still observed in the absence of Ca2+ ions, but it was abolished by dl-threo-β...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 24, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
A novel biomarker for retinal degeneration: vitreous body neurofilament proteinsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study shows that NfH can be quantified from the human vitreous body and may be
a useful novel biomarker for retinal degeneration. The method can be applied for investigating the dynamics of retinal degeneration
and the response to neuroprotective strategies in a broad range of retinal diseases in either clinical or experimental research.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0316-8Authors
Axel Petzold, UCL Institute of Neurology Department of Neuroimmunology Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UKAnselm Junemann, University of Erlangen...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 21, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Upper gastrointestinal findings in Huntington’s disease: patients suffer but do not complainEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract We investigated, retrospectively, the prevalence of gastroesophageal inflammation in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD)
during 10 years in our center. We found a high prevalence of gastritis or esophagitis even in patients without complaints,
indicating that gastrointestinal disease is more common in HD than patients’ complaints. There was no correlation with motor
disturbances but with the duration and severity of HD. Influences from the disease itself as well as secondary mechanisms
like malnutrition, medication and general disability may contribute.
Content Type Journal ArticleCa...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 21, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Expression of catechol-O-methyltransferase in the brain and periphery of normal and MPTP-treated common marmosetsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibition is widely used to potentiate the effects of levodopa in Parkinson’s disease but the effects
of nigral dopaminergic cell loss and levodopa treatment on COMT activity are not known. The present study investigated the
expression of COMT in the brain and liver of normal common marmosets, and animals treated with MPTP and those treated with
levodopa to induce dyskinesia. Reverse transcript PCR demonstrated the expression of COMT mRNA in the liver, cortex and striatum
of normal marmosets. Using Western blotting, the presence of two subunits of COMT protein,...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 21, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders: regulation of the redox state and death signaling leading to neuronal death and survivalEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In Parkinson’s disease, impaired function of mitochondrial complex I is involved in selective degeneration of dopamine neurons
in the substantia nigra. Mitochondria are now considered to play an active role in neuronal death process through activating
“intrinsic” apoptotic signaling, in addition to production of reactive oxygen species. This paper presents our recent findings
on new functions of mitochondria in regulation of their redox state and function through reversible “S-glutathionylation”, a mixed disulfide binding between sulfhydryl groups of GSH and protein cysteine in complex I su...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 18, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Comprehensive autonomic assessment does not differentiate between Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes is a major challenge in movement disorders. Dysautonomia is a common feature
but may vary in clinical severity and onset. The study attempted to find a pattern of autonomic abnormalities discriminative
for patients with different parkinsonian syndromes. The cross-sectional study included 38 patients with multiple system atrophy
(MSA), 32 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 26 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and 27
age-matched healthy controls. Autonomic symptoms were evaluated by a standardized questionnaire. The p...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 18, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Admission of Parkinsonian patients to a neurological ward in a community hospitalEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Hospitalization is a significant factor contributing to health care costs related to management of Parkinson’s disease (PD)
patients. We reviewed reasons for admission of PD patients to our Neurological Department over a 6-year period. Thereafter,
we applied an “open door” policy to try to diminish the number of hospitalizations. Case records including patient data, disease
duration, staging, reasons for admission, and motor, mental and general medical status of PD patients admitted to the Neurology
Department over a 6-year period were reviewed. Out of 1,920 admissions, 143 were PD patients. A...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 18, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Estrus cyclicity of spinogenesis: underlying mechanismsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Hippocampal spine density varies with the estrus cycle. The cyclic change in estradiol levels in serum was hypothesized to
underlie this phenomenon, since treatment of ovariectomized animals with estradiol induced an increase in spine density in
hippocampal dendrites of rats, as compared to ovariectomized controls. In contrast, application of estradiol to hippocampal
slice cultures did not promote spinogenesis. In addressing this discrepancy, we found that hippocampal neurons themselves
are capable of synthesizing estradiol de novo. Estradiol synthesis can be suppressed by aromatase inhibitors and b...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 17, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Retinopathy in Parkinson diseaseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract One of the non-motor manifestations of PD is visual system involvement. Foveal vision is a main contributor to both visual
recognition and discrimination and to both overt and covert visual attention. Experimental evidence from humans and monkeys
shows that D1 and D2 receptors are essential for retinal ganglion cell receptive field organization. The evidence linking
retinopathy and foveal visual impairment in PD is discussed. A model of retinal preganglionic dopaminergic circuitry is presented.
Experimental evidence in humans, using Optical Coherence Tomography shows morphological changes of retinal...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 17, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Arithmetic tasks in different formats and their influence on behavior and brain oxygenation as assessed with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): a study involving primary and secondary school childrenEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study investigated whether near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to measure the processing of arithmetic problems
in school children. Another aim was to assess whether distinct formats of such problems would lead to different neural processing.
Two large samples of school children from different age groups were examined while calculating or reading arithmetic problems
that were either presented in numeric or in word format. As expected, we found that, compared to reading, calculation resulted
in greater average oxygenation in parietal and posterior frontal regions. Neither format nor age had a significant ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Peripheral cholinoceptor antagonist anisodamine counteracts cholinergic adverse effects and facilitates cognitive amelioration of rivastigmineEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study explored
new combined therapy, in which peripheral cholinergic adverse effects and central cognitive amelioration of rivastigmine were
differentiated by a peripheral cholinoceptor antagonist anisodamine. The results demonstrated that rivastigmine (0.75 and
2.0 mg/kg) could significantly reverse the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit in mice through passive avoidance test. Nevertheless,
a high dose of rivastigmine (3.25 mg/kg) would compromise cognitive amelioration and produce obvious adverse effects, including
hypersalivation, intestinal hyperperistalsis and muscle cramp. Interestingly, concom...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Methylphenidate treatment increases Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the cerebrum of young and adult ratsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Na+, K+-ATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme necessary to maintain neuronal excitability. Considering that methylphenidate effects on
central nervous system metabolism are poorly known and that Na+, K+-ATPase is essential to normal brain function, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of this drug on Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the cerebrum of young and adult rats. For acute administration, a single injection of methylphenidate
(1.0, 2.0, or 10.0 mg/Kg) or saline w...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Accumulation of phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase into insoluble protein aggregates by inhibition of an ubiquitin–proteasome system in PC12D cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of catecholamines including dopamine. The relationship
between proteasomal dysfunction and the etiology of Parkinson’s disease has been suggested, but it is unknown if TH protein
is affected by proteasomal dysfunctions. Here, we examined the effect of inhibition of ubiquitin–proteasomal pathway on biochemical
characteristics of TH protein in the neuronal cells. Inhibition of 20S or 26S proteasome by proteasome inhibitor I, or MG-132
in NGF-differentiated PC12D cells induced dot-like immunoreactivities with the anti-40Ser-ph...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Levetiracetam reduces myoclonus in corticobasal degeneration: report of two casesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Levetiracetam (LEV) has been shown to suppress myoclonus of various origins. Corticobasal degeneration (CBD), a progressive
neurodegenerative disorder with Parkinsonian syndrome, is frequently accompanied by myoclonus. We investigated the effect
of LEV on myoclonus in two CBD patients. LEV remarkably decreased the myoclonic activity in both patients already at 1,500 mg/day
dose. This is the first report on LEV alleviating myoclonus in CBD. Our data indicate that it might be worthwhile to assess
this effect in an appropriately designed study.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Movement Diso...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine transporterEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a potent plant hallucinogen that has also been found in human tissues. When ingested, DMT and
related N,N-dialkyltryptamines produce an intense hallucinogenic state. Behavioral effects are mediated through various neurochemical
mechanisms including activity at sigma-1 and serotonin receptors, modification of monoamine uptake and release, and competition
for metabolic enzymes. To further clarify the pharmacology of hallucinogenic tryptamines, we synthesized DMT, N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (MIPT), N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT), and N,N-diisopropyltryptamine. We then...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Is phosphoadenosine phosphate phosphatase a target of lithium’s therapeutic effect?Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Lithium, which is approved for treating patients with bipolar disorder, is reported to inhibit 3′(2′)-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate
(PAP) phosphatase activity. In yeast, deletion of PAP phosphatase results in elevated PAP levels and in inhibition of sulfation
and of growth. The effect of lithium on PAP phosphatase is remarkable for the low Ki (~0.2 mM), suggesting that this system
would be almost completely shut down in vivo with therapeutic levels of 1 mM lithium, thereby elevating PAP levels. To test
the hypothesis that lithium inhibition of PAP phosphatase is pharmacologically rel...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
The LRRK2 G2019S mutation as the cause of Parkinson’s disease in Ashkenazi JewsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are recognized as the most common cause of genetic Parkinsonism to date. The G2019S mutation has been implicated as an important
determinant of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in both Ashkenazi Jewish and North African Arab populations with carrier frequency
of 29.7% among familial and 6% in sporadic Ashkenazi Jewish PD cases. PD patients with the G2019S mutation display similar
clinical characteristics to patients with sporadic PD. While the function of the LRRK2 protein has yet to be fully determined, its distribution coincides with brain areas ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Further evidence for the association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the serotonin receptor 1B geneEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Several evidences suggested that the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor gene (HRT1B) might be involved in the susceptibility to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Prior studies reported excess
transmissions of the HRT1B gene 861G allele to affected ADHD children and of a haplotype block containing this variant and two functional promoter SNPs
to probands with ADHD-inattentive subtype. However, some investigations did not replicate these findings. Therefore, we tested
for biased transmissions of haplotypes derived from the 861G > C, –161A > T, and –261T >&nbs...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Lower CSF HVA and 5-HIAA in bipolar disorder type 1 with a history of childhood ADHDEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Bipolar disorder with childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a subphenotype characterized by earlier
age of onset, more frequent mood episodes, more suicide attempts, and more interpersonal violence than pure bipolar patients.
The aim of this study was to test the biological validity of using childhood ADHD to subgroup bipolar disorder. The monoamine
metabolites, homovanillinic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were
determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 53 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type 1, with (N&n...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 15, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Far field potentials from brain stem after transcutaneous Vagus nerve stimulation: optimization of stimulation and recording parametersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The method of vagus somatosensory evoked potentials (VSEP) was introduced to easily measure the activity of vagus brain stem
nuclei. In Alzheimer’s disease, this measure was characterized by longer latencies as compared to controls while amplitudes
did not show statistical significant differences at frontal and central recording sites. Therefore, the influence of stimulation
and recording parameters on amplitudes of VSEP were systematically examined. In 20 healthy participants, VSEP measurement
was done by electrical stimulation of the cutaneous representation of the vagus nerve in the external au...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - September 3, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Effect of the additional noradrenergic neurodegeneration to 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in levodopa-induced dyskinesias and in cognitive disturbancesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Parkinson’s disease is a motor and cognitive disorder characterised by a progressive loss of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons as well as of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons. It has been suggested that LC neurodegeneration might influence levodopa-induced motor disturbances
and cognitive performance. We investigated the influence of dopaminergic and noradrenergic lesions on levodopa-induced dyskinesias
and on working memory in rats. Two groups of animals were used: (1) rats with a dopaminergic lesion induced by a unilateral
administration of the neurotoxin ...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Recent advances in our understanding of neurodegenerationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are featured by progressive dysfunction and death of cells in selected areas in the nervous system,
determining clinical presentation. Neuronal loss is associated with conformational changes in proteins that result in extra-
and intra-cellular accumulation of misfolded proteins, representing the hallmarks of many neurodegenerative disorders, summarized
as proteinopathies. Intermediate forms such as oligomers and protofibrils are thought to have cytotoxic effects to neurons. Major basic processes,
caused by genetic, environmental, and endogenous factors, in addition to abno...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Encephalitis lethargica and the influenza virus. II. The influenza pandemic of 1918/19 and encephalitis lethargica: epidemiology and symptomsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract This is the first of two papers which critically examine the relationship between the 1918/19 influenza pandemic and encephalitis
lethargica (EL). The role of influenza in the etiology of EL was vigorously debated until 1924. It is notable, however, that
the unitarian camp were largely reactive in their argumentation; while the influenza skeptics provided detail descriptions
of EL and the features they argued to be unique or at least unusual, influenza supporters focused on sequentially refuting
the evidence of their opponents. The impression which emerges from this debate is that the individual fea...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 25, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Encephalitis lethargica and the influenza virus. III. The influenza pandemic of 1918/19 and encephalitis lethargica: neuropathology and discussionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract This is the second of two papers which critically examine the relationship between the 1918/19 influenza pandemic and encephalitis
lethargica (EL). The role of influenza in the etiology of EL was vigorously debated until 1924. It is notable, however, that
the unitarian camp were largely reactive in their argumentation; while the influenza skeptics provided detail descriptions
of EL and the features they argued to be unique or at least unusual, influenza supporters focused on sequentially refuting
the evidence of their opponents. The impression which emerges from this debate is that the individual fe...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 25, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on rotenone-injured murine brain culturesEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, EGCG partially protects striatal slices but not dissociated cells against rotenone
toxicity.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0284-zAuthors
Rudolf Moldzio, University for Veterinary Medicine Institute for Medical Chemistry Veterinaerplatz 1 1210 Vienna AustriaKhaled Radad, Assiut University Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut 52726 EgyptChristopher Krewenka, University for Veterinary Medicine Institute for Medical Chemistry Veterinaerplatz 1 1210 Vienna AustriaBarbara Kranner, University...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 25, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Monoallelic expression of MAO-A in skin fibroblastsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Retraction NoteDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0279-9Authors
N. Nordquist, Uppsala University Department of Neuroscience Uppsala SwedenL. Oreland, Uppsala University Department of Neuroscience Uppsala Sweden
Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission)
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 25, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Evidence for epistasis between the 5-HTTLPR and the dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms in externalizing behavior among 15-year-oldsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract The present study aimed to clarify the functional role of genes in the dopamine and serotonin systems by examining whether
polymorphisms in these genes are related to adolescent externalizing behavior either alone or in interaction with each other.
Participants were selected from an ongoing prospective study of the outcome of early risk factors. At age 15 years, 298 adolescents
(144 males, 154 females) completed the Youth Self Report, 296 primary caregivers the Child Behavior Checklist and 253 teachers
the Teacher Report Form. DNA was genotyped for the DRD4 exon III VNTR and the 5-HTTLPR polymo...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 20, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
Behavioral and quantitative mitochondrial proteome analyses of the effects of simvastatin: implications for models of neural degenerationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00702-009-0280-3Authors
Ilse S. Pienaar, University of Oxford MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QX UKTimothy Schallert, University of Texas at Austin Departments of Psychology and Neurobiology Austin USASuzél Hattingh, University of Stellenbosch Department of Medical Physiology Tygerberg South AfricaWilliam M. U. Daniels, University of Kwazulu-Natal Department of Medicine Congella South Africa
Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Jou...
Source: Journal of Neural Transmission - August 20, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neural Transmission Source Type: journals
