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Tissue factor mediates the HGF/Met-induced anti-apoptotic pathway in DAOY medulloblastoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that stimulation of DAOY with HGF resulted in the protection of these cells against etoposide-induced apoptosis, this anti-apoptotic effect being correlated with an increase in the expression of tissue factor (TF), the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. HGF-mediated protection from apoptosis was abolished by a c-Met inhibitor as well as by siRNA-mediated reduction of TF levels, implying a central role of Met-dependent induction of TF expression in this process. Accordingly, stimulation of DAOY with FVIIa, the physiological ligand of TF, also resulted in a significant protection ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Imatinib mesylate (Glivec) inhibits Schwann cell viability and reduces the size of human plexiform neurofibroma in a xenograft modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the effect of imatinib mesylate, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on PNF-derived Schwann cells and PNF tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PNF-derived primary Schwann cells express platelet-derived growth factors receptors (PDGFR) α and β, both targets of imatinib, and cell viability was reduced by imatinib mesylate, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 10 μM. For in vivo studies, PNF tumour fragments xenografted onto the sciatic nerve of athymic nude mice were first characterized. The tumours persisted for at least 63 days and maintained...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Clinical and biological significance of forkhead class box O 3a expression in glioma: mediation of glioma malignancy by transcriptional regulation of p27kip1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated the status of FOXO3a expression and related signaling in human glioma in order to test its potential value as a therapeutic target for this disease. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining analysis were performed on specimens from 70 cases of human glioma and on U87MG and T98G glioma cells. Our data showed FOXO3a expression is directly correlated with the malignant grade of glioma. More importantly, low expression of FOXO3a was associated with poor patient outcome. In vitro, FOXO3a modulated the cell cycle by transcriptional regulation of p27kip1. Admin...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 13, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

p53 regulates LIF expression in human medulloblastoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Medulloblastomas are highly malignant, poorly differentiated childhood tumours arising in the cerebellum. These tumors rarely lose TP53, which is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer. Recent work has shown that the basal level of p53 plays an important role in maternal reproduction by maintaining the expression of LIF in the uterus. Since LIF can maintain the undifferentiated state of stem cells we set out to ask if p53 regulates LIF in the human medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY and D283MED. We also used p53−/− and p53+/+ isogenic HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell lines, already reported ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 12, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Adjuvant Gamma Knife radiosurgery following surgical resection of brain metastases: a 9-year retrospective cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Given the potential morbidity of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), there has been an increasing trend to defer WBRT and deliver Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKS) to cerebral metastatic lesions. We analyzed our experience delivering GKS to the tumor cavity following surgical resection of brain metastases and compared our results to patients receiving WBRT after surgical resection of a metastatic lesion. We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing surgical resection of at least one brain metastasis between December 1999 and December 2008. Both univariate and multivariate C...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 11, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

A surgically treated case of Lhermitte–Duclos disease with a precise natural history and high uptake of FDG on PETEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe herein a surgically treated case of Lhermitte–Duclos disease in a 33-year-old man. The clinical presentation seemed typical in terms of symptoms, neurological signs, and neuroimaging. High and heterogenous fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography study is presented and discussed. Furthermore, we performed volumetric analysis of the tumor with sequential magnetic resonance imaging over the course of 7 years before surgery, making this report the first with a long-term natural history, revealing that this rare disease entity may have a neoplastic nature. Content Type Journal Article...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 11, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Involvement of osteopontin as a core protein in craniopharyngioma calcification formationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Matrix proteins are considered to be essential for biomineralization and to be important factors in cranioharyngioma calcification. Osteopontin (OPN) is a noncollagenous, acidic bone-matrix glycoprotein, which binds tightly to hydroxyapatite and appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix, probably important to the integrity of cell–matrix interactions. OPN is also a ligand for a cell membrane receptor, CD44v6, which is required for efficient OPN binding. To investigate the role of OPN in craniopharyngioma calcification formation, we studied the involvement of OPN and CD44v6 in cran...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 10, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

A case of primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis confined to the spinal cordEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis limited to the spinal cord occurring in a 52 years-old patient, who presented with back pain and leg weakness. MRI-scan of the craniospinal axis revealed an enhancing cervicothoracic lesion confined to the leptomeninges. A diagnostic biopsy was taken followed by a six level cervicothoracic laminoplasty with the aim of debulking of the dorsal portion of the tumour and relieving cord compression. Two weeks following surgery, the patient developed bilateral arm weakness. Repeat imaging revealed extension of the lesion to the level of the lower medulla. This pati...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Primary spinal cord glioma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract To characterize the overall survival (OS) and cause specific survival (CSS), and variables affecting outcome, in patients with primary spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) and ependymoma (SCE). About 664 patients with SCA and 1,057 patients with SCE were analyzed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. For grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 SCA, the 5-year OS was 82, 70, 28 and 14%; the 5-year CSS was 89, 77, 36 and 20%. For SCA, lower grade, younger age, and undergoing resection significantly improved OS and CSS; treatment without radiotherapy was favorable for CSS. Smaller tumor size also improv...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Multiple extracranial metastases from secondary glioblastoma multiforme: a case report and review of the literatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is very rare, in spite of very aggressive tumor behavior and being documented in only a few patients. In this article we present a 25-year-old man with secondary glioblastoma associated with extracranial progression and distant metastasis. He was diagnosed by magnetic resononce (MR) with an intracranial lesion in the right parietofrontal region, which was subsequently resected. Histology revealed a diffuse astrocytoma (grade II). The tumor recurred 1 year later and the patient received a second craniotomy. A diagnosis of GBM was made. Aft...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Lenalidomide stops progression of multifocal epithelioid hemangioendothelioma including intracranial diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma (EH) is a rare soft-tissue tumor which may present as an isolated tumor or can spread to affect internal organs. The course of EH varies, based on the tissue of origin. This case report describes a young woman who developed cutaneous EH with concurrent intracranial disease during pregnancy. After resection, the lesions returned. Even after several courses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient developed multifocal disease including pulmonary, skeletal, and liver disease. She now exhibits stable disease after approximately 6 years of therapy with lenalidomide. ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Convection-enhanced delivery of free gadolinium with the recombinant immunotoxin MR1-1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A major obstacle in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy is the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a novel method of drug administration which allows direct parenchymal infusion of therapeutics, bypassing the BBB. MR1-1 is a novel recombinant immunotoxin that targets the GBM tumor-specific antigen EGFRvIII and can be delivered via CED infusion. However, drug distribution via CED varies dramatically, which necessitates active monitoring. Gadolinium conjugated to diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) is a commonly used MRI contrast agent which can...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Immunohistochemical detection of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR-5) in cushing adenomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-0048-5Authors Wael Hassaneen, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USADaniel P. Cahill, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USAGregory N. Fuller, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USANicholas B. Levine, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA Journal Journal of Neuro-OncologyOnline ISSN 1573-7373Print ISSN 0167-594X (Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology)
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Compartmental intrathecal radioimmunotherapy: results for treatment for metastatic CNS neuroblastomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Innovation in the management of brain metastases is needed. We evaluated the addition of compartmental intrathecal antibody-based radioimmunotherapy (cRIT) in patients with recurrent metastatic central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma following surgery, craniospinal irradiation, and chemotherapy. Twenty one patients treated for recurrent neuroblastoma metastatic to the CNS, received a cRIT-containing salvage regimen incorporating intrathecal 131I-monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) targeting GD2 or B7H3 following surgery and radiation. Most patients also received outpatient craniospinal irradiation, 3F8...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - November 5, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in combination with temozolomide in low-grade oligoastrocytoma with leptomeningeal disseminationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Leptomeningeal dissemination of low-grade gliomas is an uncommon event. A 43-year old male presented with dizziness, gait ataxia, and diplopia. A nonenhancing lesion in the right cerebellar peduncle was identified, subtotally resected, and diagnosed as a grade II astrocytoma. After one year a nodular spread in the brain and leptomeninges was diagnosed, so the patient started chemotherapy with temozolomide and liposomal cytarabine. Complete remission was achieved after 12 months of treatment and the patient is still free from the disease after a follow-up of 24 months. We suggest that this ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 30, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Specific chromosomal imbalances as detected by array CGH in ependymomas in association with tumor location, histological subtype and gradeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Ependymomas are glial neoplasms originating from the wall of the ventricles or from the spinal canal. The significance of histopathological features in accurately predicting biological behavior is still debated. Moreover, key molecular events in the pathogenesis of ependymoma are yet to be defined. The main objective of the present study was to identify specific patterns of chromosomal aberrations that correlate with tumor location, histological subtype and grade. Forty-five ependymoma samples were analyzed by 1-megabase resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Association between c...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 29, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

MK886-induced apoptosis depends on the 5-LO expression level in human malignant glioma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we analyzed the effects of a 5-LO inhibitor, which inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes, on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human malignant glioma cells, including 5-LO-expressing cells U-87MG, A172 and 5-LO non-expressing cell U373. Growth of U-87MG and A172 cells, but not that of U373 cells, was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with MK886. Similarly, specific 5-LO silencing by small interfering RNA reduced the growth of U-87MG and A172 cells. MK886 treatment reduced 5-LO activity independently of 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) in human malignant glioma cells...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 28, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Imaging response criteria for recurrent gliomas treated with bevacizumab: Role of diffusion weighted imaging as an imaging biomarkerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of diffusion weighted imaging as an additional imaging biomarker for treatment response in recurrent/progressive malignant gliomas treated with bevacizumab alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Twenty patients treated with bevacizumab alone or concurrent chemotherapy were followed up with serial MR imaging. Volume and ADC values of contrast enhancing lesion (CELvol, CELADC) and also of non-enhancing lesion (NELvol, NELADC) were obtained. CELvol showed a progressive decrease in non-progressors with a median percentage change ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 26, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Hepatocyte growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with mortality and recurrence of glioblastoma, and could be of prognostic valueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Malignant gliomas—glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma—are among the most fatal forms of cancer in humans. It has been suggested that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a reliable predictor of glioma malignancy; amounts of HGF are directly related to cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, low apoptotic rate, and poor prognosis (WHO III and IV). We measured the HGF content of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with malignant glioma glioblastoma multiforme (WHO IV; n = 14), anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO III; n = 4), and meningioma (WHO I; n = 9), and fro...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 25, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Activated EGFR signaling increases proliferation, survival, and migration and blocks neuronal differentiation in post-natal neural stem cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Recent evidence supports the notion that transformation of undifferentiated neural stem cell (NSC) precursors may contribute to the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The over-expression and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), along with other cellular pathway mutations, plays a significant role in GBM maintenance progression. Though EGFR signaling is important in determining neural cell fate and conferring astrocyte differentiation, there is a limited understanding of its role in NSC and tumor stem cell (TSC) biology. We hypothesized that EGFR expression and mutation...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 23, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Primary CNS lymphoma in the elderly: temozolomide therapy and MGMT statusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This retrospective series explores temozolomide monotherapy in elderly patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and severe comorbidities. In 17 patients (62–90 years old), the complete response rate was 47%, median progression-free survival was 5 months, and median overall survival was 21 months. Five of 17 patients (29.4%) had prolonged responses for at least 12 months and survived for more than 24 months. Three of these patients had a methylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, while the MGMT status was not assessable in the remaining two patients...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Prognostic value of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status in glioblastoma patients, assessed by five different methodsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This multicenter study assesses the value of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status for predicting overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Five methods are used, to identify the approach with the best prognostic value. Eighty-one tumors were obtained from patients with glioblastomas treated by surgery and radiotherapy with concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) followed by adjuvant TMZ. MGMT promoter methylation was assessed by qualitative methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), semiquantitative methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction (SQ-MSP), and pyrosequencing, while MGMT expre...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

The role of salvage reirradiation for malignant gliomas that progress on bevacizumabEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Bevacizumab and irinotecan are effective against recurrent malignant gliomas. However, at subsequent progression, patients rarely respond to a second bevacizumab-containing chemotherapeutic regimen. Salvage re-irradiation with bevacizumab for recurrent but bevacizumab naive malignant gliomas showed encouraging results. We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 23 patients treated with either fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) after progression on an initial bevacizumab regimen. Patients were treated after re-irradiation with bevacizum...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 16, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Can permeability measurements add to blood volume measurements in differentiating tumefactive demyelinating lesions from high grade gliomas using perfusion CT?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) can mimic a neoplasm on conventional imaging and may necessitate biopsy for diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to differentiate TDLs from high grade gliomas based on physiologic (permeability) and hemodynamic (blood volume) parameters using perfusion CT. Five patients who presented with tumefactive enhancing lesions on initial MRI that mimicked a neoplasm underwent perfusion CT. We compared the perfusion CT parameters of these patients with those of 24 patients with high grade gliomas. TDLs showed lower permeability surface area product (PS) (0.8 �...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 15, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Methotrexate-induced myelopathy responsive to substitution of multiple folate metabolitesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the case of a woman with breast cancer and meningeal carcinomatosis who developed severe progressive myelopathy after four cycles of intrathecal MTX administration. We substituted high doses of the key metabolites of the methyl-transfer pathway: S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), 200 mg three times daily i.v.; folinate, 20 mg four times daily i.v.; cyanocobalamin, 100 μg once daily i.v.; and methionine, 5 g daily p.o. The patient’s paraparesis improved rapidly thereafter, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed resolution of the intramedullary lesions. Genetic analyses revealed homozygosit...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 11, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Challenges in management of patients with intracranial germ cell tumor and diabetes insipidus treated with cisplatin and/or ifosfamide based chemotherapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, DI is a risk factor for complications when cisplatin and/or ifosfamide based protocols are used. The role of these agents in the management of ICGT should be carefully evaluated and guidelines for management of DI established. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Study - Patient StudyDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-0033-zAuthors Samina Afzal, Hospital for Sick Children Division of Haematology/Oncology/Neuro-Oncology 555 University Avenue Toronto M5G 1X8 CanadaDiane Wherrett, Hospital for Sick Children Division of Endocrinology Toronto CanadaUte Bartels, Hospital for Sick Children Division of Haematolo...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 10, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Disease stabilization of progressive olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) under treatment with sunitinib mesylateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) is a rare neoplasm of the olfactory epithelium in the upper nasal cavity. Here, we report the case of a 69-year-old man who presented with massive progression of a metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma after endonasal resection, functional neck dissection, and radiotherapy of local and distant tumor relapses. After exhaustion of all conventional therapeutic options, we initiated treatment with the oral multityrosinekinase inhibitor sunitinib mesylate. Using this drug, significant improvement of clinical symptoms, disease stabilization, and recovery from Kar...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 10, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Trigeminal nerve root entry zone pilocytic astrocytoma in an adult: a rare case of an extraparenchymal tumorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a pilocytic astrocytoma of the CPA that was found to arise from the proximal portion of trigeminal nerve without any anatomic continuity with the brain stem and the cerebellum. Pre-operative MRI suggested a schwannoma. The proposed origin of this extremely rare tumor is the root entry zone of the involved nerve. The tumor was completely resected via a suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-0020-4Authors Formica Francesco, Università Politecnica delle Marche Clinica di Neurochirurgia v. Conca no 71 60020 Ancona ItalyIacoangeli Maurizio,...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 10, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Utility of functional diffusion maps to monitor a patient diagnosed with gliomatosis cerebriEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a sensitive imaging biomarker for tumor cellularity. Functional diffusion maps (fDMs), which examine voxel-by-voxel changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated from serial DWIs, have previously been applied to regions of contrast-enhancement; however, application of fDMs to non-enhancing brain tumors has not been pursued. In this case study we demonstrate the utility of applying fDMs to regions of abnormal FLAIR signal intensity in a patient diagnosed with gliomatosis cerebri: a relatively rare, infiltrative, non-enhancing bra...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 8, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Distribution, cellular localization, and therapeutic potential of the tumor-associated antigen Ku70/80 in glioblastoma multiformeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Antibodies specifically targeting tumor-associated antigens have proved to be important tools in the treatment of human cancer. A desirable target antigen should be unique to tumor cells, abundantly expressed, and readily available for antibody binding. The Ku70/80 DNA-repair protein is expressed in the nucleus of most cells; it is, however, also present on the cell surface of tumor cell lines, and antibodies binding Ku70/80 at the cell surface were recently shown to internalize into tumor cells. To evaluate the potential of Ku70/80-antigen as a therapeutic target for immunotoxins in glioblastoma mu...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric gliosarcomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, GS is a very rare tumor entity in children. Literature review suggests a relatively higher incidence in infants and in patients with a previous history of radiotherapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Study - Patient StudyDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-0021-3Authors Michael Karremann, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine Halle GermanyUlrike Rausche, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine Halle GermanyGudrun Fleischhack, University Hospital Bonn Department of Pediatrics Bonn GermanyMichaela ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Identification of the role of Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) in gliomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study supports the rationale for developing SIP1 as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target for gliomas. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Laboratory Investigation - Human/Animal TissueDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-0015-1Authors Microgene Xia, The University of Hong Kong Integrative Laboratory Pokfulam, Hong Kong ChinaMinghua Hu, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College Wuhu 241001 ChinaJun Wang, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College Wuhu 241001 ChinaYajun Xu, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College Wuhu 241001 ChinaXiaobing Chen, Henan Tumor Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Zhengzhou 450008 Chi...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

The cell growth inhibitory transcription factor C/EBPδ is expressed in human meningiomas in association with low histological grade and proliferation indexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, C/EBPδ immunohistochemical expression was assessed in 49 meningiomas of different histotype and grade and correlated with a variety of clinico-pathological data and with the overall and recurrence-free survival of the patients. Positive staining was observed in the nuclei of neoplastic cells in 22 out of the 49 cases analyzed. C/EBPδ expression was significantly associated with a low histological grade and proliferation index, reflected by low Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and mitotic activity, and with the presence of intra-tumoral inflammatory infiltrate and the absence of necrosis. In addition, the abs...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Pituitary metastasis of Merkel cell carcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor of the skin that demonstrates a remarkable tendency to metastasize. However, only a few cases of MCC brain metastases have been reported in the literature. We here present a unique case of a pituitary metastasis of MCC in a 65-year-old patient with a history of pituitary adenoma. This case is particularly novel due to the fact that the primary site of the MCC is unknown. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-0025-zAuthors Alberto Feletti, University of Padova Department of Neurosurgery, Treviso Hospi...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Feasibility, safety, and outcome of frameless image-guided robotic radiosurgery for brain metastasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We prospectively analyzed the safety and outcome of frameless image-guided robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for treatment of brain metastases in patients that would have otherwise been treated with frame-based techniques. During a three-year period, 333 patients with 783 brain metastases of various histologies underwent 391 outpatient SRS procedures. Fifty-five percent of patients had multiple brain metastases. The median (mean) tumor volume was 1.0 cc (2.7 cc). The mean prescribed tumor dose was 18.5 Gy (±1.3 Gy). Local/distant tumor recurrences were treated by additiona...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 4, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Immunotherapy of pediatric brain tumor patients should include an immunoprevention strategy: a medical hypothesis paperEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Adults diagnosed with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are frequently faced with a 7% chance of surviving 2 years compared with pediatric patients with GBM who have a 26% survival rate. Our recent screen of possible glioma-associated antigen precursor protein (TAPP) profiles displayed from different types of pediatric brain tumors showed that pediatric patients contained a subset of the tumor antigens displayed by adult GBM patients. Adult GBM possess at least 27 tumor antigens that can potentially stimulate T cell immune responses, suggesting that these tumors are quite antigenic. In contrast, pe...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 4, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Central nervous system involvement in CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm: a report of two casesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm, formerly known as blastic NK-cell lymphoma, is an uncommon, aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with cutaneous, lymph node, and bone marrow involvement at presentation. The disease is characterized by early leukemic phase; however, central nervous system involvement is rarely reported. Herein we describe two cases of CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm with meningeal manifestation. Microscopic analysis and flow cytometry of cerebrospinal fluid proved to be diagnostic; however, imaging studies were not informative. These observations call attention to the possibility of...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 2, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Anti-CV2 associated cerebellar degeneration after complete response to chemoradiation of head and neck carcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a rare neurological disorder that frequently precedes the detection of malignancy. Here, we report the case of a 60 year-old woman with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who developed a subacute cerebellar syndrome associated with the presence of anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, after achieving complete remission of the primary tumor and the involved cervical lymph nodes by chemoradiation. The patient’s symptoms on presentation were dizziness and gait unsteadiness. On examination she showed dysarthria, nystagm...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

CT and MRI findings with histopathologic correlation of a unique bilateral orbital mantle cell lymphoma in Graves’ disease: a case report and brief review of literatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present an unusual case report of a patient with Graves’ disease and no previous history of lymphoma, who was found to have bilateral orbital mantle cell lymphoma on CT and MR imaging which was confirmed histopathologically. To our knowledge, there have been no previously described cases of bilateral mantle cell lymphoma in Graves’ disease. Of particular radiologic interest, the left orbital mass presented in a bicompartmental fashion with a discreet intraconal component separated by a fat plane from an extraconal component that extended intraconally. In our review of radiologic literature, this presentation ha...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 30, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Amplification and overexpression of KIT, PDGFRA, and VEGFR2 in medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Medulloblastomas (MB) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are the most common malignant brain tumors in children. These two tumor types are histologically similar, but have different genetic backgrounds and clinical outcomes. Other brain tumors, such as gliomas, frequently have coamplification and overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases KIT, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). We investigated protein expression and gene copy numbers of KIT, PDGFRA, and VEGFR2 in 41 MB and 11 PNET samples by immunohistochemist...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 25, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

The oncogenic roles of Notch1 in astrocytic gliomas in vitro and in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, Notch1 overexpression was observed in the majority of 45 astrocytic gliomas with different grades and in U251MG glioma cells. Transfection of siRNA targeting Notch1 into U251 cells in vitro downregulated Notch1 expression, associated with inhibition of cell growth, arrest of cell cycle, reduction of cell invasiveness, and induction of cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, tumor growth was delayed in established subcutaneous gliomas in nude mice treated with Notch1 siRNA in vivo. These results suggest that Notch1 plays an important oncogenic role in the development and progression of astrocytic gliomas. Furthermore...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 22, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

In vivo evaluation of intracellular drug-nanocarriers infused into intracranial tumours by convection-enhanced delivery: distribution and radiosensitisation efficacyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the interest of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) for the administration of a nanocarrier-based radiosensitizing chemotherapy in the rat brain. Pursuing on newly developed lipid nanocapsules (LNC) that can be internalised within brain tumour cells, we studied their intracerebral distribution when labelled with fluorescent Nile red (NR). As paclitaxel (Px) represents an interesting radiosensitiser, we also evaluated the potential radiosensitising effects of Px-loaded LNC administered through CED in the 9L intracranial rat glioblastoma model. The distribution study d...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 21, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

A phase II prospective study of sequential myeloablative chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell rescue for the treatment of selected high risk and recurrent central nervous system tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract High risk/recurrent CNS tumors have a poor prognosis. We studied tandem high dose chemotherapy (HDC) with hematopoietic progenitor stem cell rescues (HPCR) as potentially curative therapy. Twenty-four patients (mean age 6.8 years) were enrolled, 19 underwent HDC/HPCR. Diagnoses were medulloblastoma (n = 9), germ cell tumor (n = 4), high grade astrocytoma (n = 2), supratentorial PNET (n = 1), pineoblastoma (n = 2), or papillary meningioma (n = 1). Cytoreduction regimen #1 consisted of carboplatin (500 mg/m2) × 3 days,...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 20, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Bortezomib sensitizes primary human esthesioneuroblastoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a promising novel anti-cancer cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and Bortezomib, the first-in-class clinically used proteasome inhibitor, alone or in combination have been shown to efficiently kill numerous tumor cell lines. However, data concerning primary human tumor cells are very rare. Using primary esthesioneuroblastoma cells we analyzed the anti-tumor potential and the mechanism employed by Bortezomib in combination with TRAIL for the treatment of this rare but aggressive tumor. Expression of components of the TRAIL pathway was analyzed in tumor spe...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 20, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Intratumoral concentrations of imatinib after oral administration in patients with glioblastoma multiformeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Imatinib, an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor of PDGF receptor, c-abl and c-kit, is currently in clinical trials to assess its efficacy in malignant gliomas. Although imatinib does not readily penetrate an intact blood–brain barrier (BBB), the extent to which it distributes into regions of high grade gliomas where the BBB is compromised has not been determined. Patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas for whom repeat surgical tumor debulking was clinically indicated received imatinib mesylate 600 mg orally once a day for seven days prior to surgery. Tissue samples were collecte...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 19, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Neurocognitive training in patients with high-grade glioma: a pilot studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Although their neurocognitive performance is one of the major concerns of patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) and although neurocognitive deficits have been described to be associated with negative outcome, neurocognitive rehabilitation is usually not integrated into the routine care of patients with malignant gliomas. In this pilot trial, a weekly group training session for attention, verbal, and memory skills was offered to patients with HGG with pre and post-training evaluation. Eleven patients, six with glioblastoma multiforme and five with WHO grade III gliomas, median age 50 years, wit...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 17, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Concomitant treatment of F98 glioma cells with new liposomal platinum compounds and ionizing radiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, among the five platinum compounds tested, carboplatin and LipoplatinTM showed the best radiosensitizing effect. LipoplatinTM seems the most promising since it led to the best cellular incorporation and has already been reported to be less neurotoxic than other platinum compounds. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Laboratory Investigation - Human/Animal TissueDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-0011-5Authors Gabriel Charest, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke CanadaBenoit Paquette, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke CanadaDavid Fortin, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke CanadaDavid Mathieu, Université de ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 17, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Solitary intra-ventricular brain metastasis from a breast carcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present the unusual case of a breast cancer patient who developed a solitary choroid plexus metastasis in the left lateral ventricle. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-9988-zAuthors Alessandro Della Puppa, Padua University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery Via Giustiniani 2, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova 35128 Padua ItalySandro Dal Pos, Padua University Hospital Department of Neuro-Radiology Padua ItalyStefania Zovato, IOV IRCCS of Padua Department of Oncology Padua ItalyEnrico Orvieto, Padua University Hospital Department of Pathology Padua ItalyPietro Ciccarino, Padua Unive...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 3, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

New methods to assess trends in neuro-oncological careEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s11060-009-9999-9Authors Debraj Mukherjee, Neuro-Oncology Surgical Outcomes Research Laboratory Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building II Room 253 Baltimore MD 21231 USADavid C. Chang, Neuro-Oncology Surgical Outcomes Research Laboratory Department of Surgery 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building II Room 253 Baltimore MD 21231 USAAlfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, Neuro-Oncology Surgical Outcomes Research Laboratory Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building II ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 3, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Predictive value of multimodality MRI using conventional, perfusion, and spectroscopy MR in anaplastic transformation of low-grade oligodendrogliomasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and MR perfusion in the follow-up of low-grade gliomas, since conventional MR imaging (MRI) is not reliable in detecting the passage from a low- to high-grade tumor. Twenty-one patients with a World Health Organisation (WHO) grade II glioma were followed up using proton MR spectroscopy, perfusion, and conventional MRIs. Follow-up MRIs had been performed at the third month of evolution and then twice a year, with an average of five MR studies per patient. Five out of the 21 patients had an anaplastic tra...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - September 3, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals