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Haemorrhagic myelitis as a manifestation of MOG antibody-associated disease
We read with interest the recent article ‘MOG antibody-associated encephalitis in adult: clinical phenotypes and outcomes’ by Lee et al1 and the letter to the editor entitled ‘Acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis as clinical manifestation of MOG antibody-associated disease’ by Skarsta et al.2 In the first article, the authors illustrate three different phenotypes of MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibody-associated encephalitis in 40 patients, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in 17 patients. They highlight the favourable outcome of these encephalitis cases following ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ciron, J., Biotti, D., Bost, C., Bonneville, F., Marignier, R. Tags: PostScript Source Type: research

Clinical biomarker-based biological ageing and future risk of neurological disorders in the UK Biobank
Conclusions Advanced BA calculated from routine clinical biomarker results increases the risk of subsequent neurological diagnoses including all-cause dementia and ischaemic stroke. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mak, J. K. L., McMurran, C. E., Hägg, S. Tags: Open access Neurodegeneration Source Type: research

Binary reversals: a diagnostic sign in primary progressive aphasia
Conclusions Binary reversals are a sensitive (though not specific) neurolinguistic feature of nfvPPA, and should suggest this diagnosis if present as a prominent early symptom. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mulroy, E., Core, L. B., Chokesuwattanaskul, A., Johnson, J. C., Fletcher, P. D., Marshall, C. R., Volkmer, A., Rohrer, J. D., Hardy, C. J., Rossor, M. N., Warren, J. D. Tags: Open access Cognition Source Type: research

Pragmatic computerised perfusion diagnostics for non-convulsive status epilepticus: a prospective observational study
Conclusion CTP hyperperfusion may be implemented in the emergency fast-track to rule out NCSE, given very high NPV. Further validation studies are needed to evaluate CTP application in real-world setting for NCSE codes. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Merli, E., Romoli, M., Galluzzo, S., Bevacqua, L., Cece, E. S., Ricci, G., Testoni, S., Zaniboni, A., Viola, M. M., Simonetti, L., Bisulli, F., Contardi, S., Tinuper, P., Zini, A. Tags: Epilepsy Source Type: research

Unravelling the influence of affective stimulation on functional neurological symptoms: a pilot experiment examining potential mechanisms
Conclusions Emotionally significant events may exert an influence on FNS which is related to autonomic activation rather than altered subjective affect or perceived arousal. This influence may be modulated by cognitive detachment. Further work is needed to determine the relevance and neural bases of these processes in specific FND phenotypes. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Pick, S., Millman, L. M., Ward, E., Short, E., Stanton, B., Reinders, A. S., Winston, J. S., Nicholson, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Goldstein, L. H., David, A. S., Chalder, T., Hotopf, M., Mehta, M. A. Tags: Open access Neuropsychiatry Source Type: research

Methodological considerations for observational studies of treatment effectiveness in neurology: a clinicians guide
Data from cohorts, registries, randomised trials, electronic medical records and administrative claims databases have increasingly been used to inform the use of therapies for neurological diseases. While novel sophisticated methods are enabling us to use existing data to guide treatment decisions, the complexity of statistical methodology is making appraisal of clinical evidence increasingly demanding. In this narrative review, we provide a brief overview of the most commonly used methods for evaluation of treatment effectiveness in neurology. This primer discusses complementarity of randomised and non-randomised study de...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Kalincik, T., Roos, I., Sharmin, S., Malpas, C. B. Tags: General neurology Source Type: research

Effectiveness of conservative non-pharmacological interventions in people with muscular dystrophies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions Low-quality evidence suggests that strength training, with or without other exercise interventions, may improve perceived exertion, distal upper limb function, static and dynamic balance, gait and well-being in MD. Although more robust and larger studies are needed, current evidence supports the inclusion of strength training in MD treatment, as it was found to be safe. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Leone, E., Pandyan, A., Rogers, A., Kulshrestha, R., Hill, J., Philp, F. Tags: Open access Neuromuscular Source Type: research

Use, tolerability, benefits and side effects of orthotic devices in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Conclusions The majority of CMT patients is prescribed shoe inserts, orthopaedic shoes and/or AFOs. Although perceived benefits and tolerability are rather good, there is a high rate of complications, potentially inappropriate prescriptions and considerable emotional distress, which reduce the use of AFOs. A rational, patient-oriented and multidisciplinary approach to orthoses prescription must be encouraged. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Bertini, A., Manganelli, F., Fabrizi, G. M., Schenone, A., Santoro, L., Cavallaro, T., Tagliapietra, M., Grandis, M., Previtali, S. C., Falzone, Y. M., Allegri, I., Padua, L., Pazzaglia, C., Tramacere, I., Cavalca, E., Saveri, P., Quattrone, A., Valentino Tags: JNNP Patients' choice, Open access Neuromuscular Source Type: research

Evolution of brain MRI lesions in paediatric myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and its relevance to disease course
Conclusions These striking differences in lesion dynamics between MOGAD and MS suggest greater potential to repair. Early treatment with steroids and plasma exchange is associated with reduced likelihood of new lesions. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Abdel-mannan, O., Champsas, D., Tur, C., Lee, V., Manivannan, S., Usman, H., Skippen, A., Desai, I., Chitre, M., Forsyth, R., Kneen, R., Ram, D., Ramdas, S., Rossor, T., West, S., Wright, S., Palace, J., Wassmer, E., Hemingway, C., Lim, M. J., Mankad, K., Tags: Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Predictive value of retinal atrophy for cognitive decline across disease duration in multiple sclerosis
Conclusions The progressive retinal thinning is related to cognitive decline, indicating that cognitive dysfunction is a late manifestation of accumulated neuroaxonal damage. Quantifying the pRFNL aids in identifying individuals at risk of cognitive dysfunction. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Alba-Arbalat, S., Solana, E., Lopez-Soley, E., Camos-Carreras, A., Martinez-Heras, E., Vivo, F., Pulido-Valdeolivas, I., Andorra, M., Sepulveda, M., Cabrera, J. M., Fonseca, E., Calvi, A., Alcubierre, R., Dotti-Boada, M., Saiz, A., Martinez-Lapiscina, E. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Serum biomarker levels predict disability progression in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Conclusions Levels of sNfL, sGFAP and sCHI3L1 are prognostic biomarkers associated with disability progression in patients with PPMS, being CHI3L1 findings less dependent on the inflammatory component associated with disease progression. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Fissolo, N., Benkert, P., Sastre-Garriga, J., Mongay-Ochoa, N., Vilaseca-Jolonch, A., Llufriu, S., Blanco, Y., Hegen, H., Berek, K., Perez-Miralles, F., Rejdak, K., Villar, L. M., Monreal, E., Alvarez-Lafuente, R., Soylu, O. K., Abdelhak, A., Bachhuber, F Tags: Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of EBV vaccination to prevent multiple sclerosis in an Australian setting
Conclusions MS prevention using future EBV vaccinations, particularly targeted at adolescence population, is highly likely to be cost-effective. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Palmer, A. J., Zhao, T., Taylor, B. V., van der Mei, I., Campbell, J. A. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Prospective trial of natalizumab personalised extended interval dosing by therapeutic drug monitoring in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (NEXT-MS)
Conclusions MS disease activity is adequately controlled with personalised natalizumab EID. Interval extension to a drug trough concentration of 5 µg/mL is likely a safe target to extend natalizumab treatment intervals >6 weeks. Trial registration number NCT04225312. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Toorop, A. A., van Lierop, Z. Y., Gelissen, L. M., Hoitsma, E., Zeinstra, E. M., van Rooij, L. C., van Munster, C. E., Vennegoor, A., Mostert, J. P., Wokke, B. H., Kalkers, N. F., Hoogervorst, E. L., van Eijk, J. J., Roosendaal, C. M., Kragt, J. J., Eurel Tags: Editor's choice Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Prospective trial of natalizumab personalised extended interval dosing by therapeutic drug monitoring in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (NEXT-MS)
Natalizumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: can we safely personalise treatment intervals? In JNNP, Toorop and coworkers present the results of the NEXT-MS trial, a clinical trial on individualised extended interval dosing (EID) of natalizumab (NTZ) in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).1 NTZ was one of the first high-efficacy treatments in RRMS, and has remained popular since its introduction in the late 2000s. NTZ is typically administered at a dose of 300 mg every 4 weeks. The two pivotal phase 3 NTZ trials, AFFIRM2 and SENTINEL3 were published back-to-back in the New England ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 12, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Koch, M. Tags: Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

Dementia prevention: the Mendelian randomisation perspective
Understanding the causes of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias remains a challenge. Observational studies investigating dementia risk factors are limited by the pervasive issues of confounding, reverse causation and selection biases. Conducting randomised controlled trials for dementia prevention is often impractical due to the long prodromal phase and the inability to randomise many potential risk factors. In this essay, we introduce Mendelian randomisation as an alternative approach to examine factors that may prevent or delay Alzheimer’s disease. Mendelian randomisation is a causal inference method th...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Anderson, E. L., Davies, N. M., Korologou-Linden, R., Kivimäki, M. Tags: Editor's choice Occasional essay Source Type: research