Journal of Neuroscience Research
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Balance dysfunction resulting from acute inner ear energy failure is caused primarily by vestibular hair cell damage
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Inner ear energy failure is associated with disorders such as inner ear ischemia. Recently, we used the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) to establish an animal model of inner ear energy failure that presents with auditory dysfunction. Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying balance disorders in the 3-NP animal model. Spontaneous nystagmus peaked 6 hr after treatment with either 300 mM or 500 mM 3-NP. The nystagmus attenuated gradually and disappeared 3 days after 3-NP treatment. A caloric test using ice water was performed to evaluate residual vestibular function 7 days after 3-NP treatment. The resp...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kunio Mizutari, Masato Fujioka, Susumu Nakagawa, Masato Fujii, Kaoru Ogawa, Tatsuo Matsunaga Source Type: journals
Differing in vitro survival dependency of mouse and rat NG2+ oligodendroglial progenitor cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study demonstrates a difference in trophic requirements between mouse and rat OPCs, with an essential role for cAMP signaling to preserve viability of mouse OPCs. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Makoto Horiuchi, Tullia Lindsten, David Pleasure, Takayuki Itoh Source Type: journals
Description of distributed features of the nestin-containing cells in brains of adult mice: A potential source of neural precursor cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The distribution of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in adult mice brain has so far not been described. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of NPCs by analyzing the nestin-containing cells (NCCs) in distinct brain regions of adult nestin second-intron enhancer-controlled LacZ reporter transgenic mice through LacZ staining. Results showed that NCCs existed in various regions of adult mouse brain. In cerebellum, the greatest number of NCCs existed in cortex of the simple lobule, followed by cortex of the cerebellar lobule. In olfactory bulb, NCCs were most numerous in the granular cell layer, followed by the mitral cell...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Renshi Xu, Chengsi Wu, Yuhui Tao, Juan Yi, Yunzhu Yang, Rongwei Yang, Xiong Zhang, Yuhu Zhang, Rugao Liu Source Type: journals
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta in microglial activationEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this report, using murine primary cultures and BV2 cells we clearly demonstrate that C/EBP[delta] is expressed by microglia and it is upregulated in microglial activation. Lipopolysaccharide upregulates C/EBP[delta] both in microglia and in astrocytes. This effect is time-dependent, with a maximum effect at 3 hr at mRNA level and at 4-8 hr at protein level, and concentration-dependent, with a maximum effect at 100 ng/mL. The lipopolysaccharide-induced C/EBP[delta] upregulation in BV2 microglia is mimicked by agonists of the toll-like receptors 2, 3 and 9 and can be prevented by an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regul...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Aroa Ejarque-Ortiz, Núria Gresa-Arribas, Marco Straccia, Pilar Mancera, Carme Solà, Josep Maria Tusell, Joan Serratosa, Josep Saura Source Type: journals
Alterations in GluR2 AMPA receptor phosphorylation at serine 880 following group I metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation in the rat dorsal striatumEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we investigated the regulation of [alpha]-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor phosphorylation by thestimulation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the dorsal striatum in vivo. The results showed that intrastriatal infusion of the group I mGluR agonist, (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG, 250 nmol), enhanced the sensitivity of GluR2 subunit in its phosphorylation at serine 880 (S880) in the dorsal striatum. This enhancement of the sensitivity of GluR2-S880 phosphorylation was reduced by blocking group I mGluRs and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Si...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sung Min Ahn, Eun Sang Choe Source Type: journals
Low levels of citrin (SLC25A13) expression in adult mouse brain restricted to neuronal clustersEmail this article to a colleague.
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The mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carriers (AGC) aralar (SLC25A12) and citrin (SLC25A13) are components of the malate aspartate shuttle (MAS), a major intracellular pathway to transfer reducing equivalents from NADH to the mitochondrial matrix. Aralar is the main AGC isoform present in the adult brain, and it is expressed mainly in neurons. To search for the other AGC isoform, citrin, in brain glial cells, we used a citrin knockout mouse in which the lacZ gene was inserted into the citrin locus as reporter gene. In agreement with the low citrin levels known to be present in the adult mouse brain, [beta]-galactosidase e...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Laura Contreras, Almudena Urbieta, Keiko Kobayashi, Takeyori Saheki, Jorgina Satrústegui Source Type: journals
Tau hyperphosphorylation and axonal damage induced by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) treatment along late postnatal development is followed by a rescue during adulthoodEmail this article to a colleague.
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Axonal degeneration has been described as the pathological hallmark of peripheral neuropathies induced by DEDTC. In addition, axonal damage has also been observed in the brain of mice treated daily with DEDTC along postnatal development, though with this experimental model there was observed to be axonal recovery after treatment, during the adulthood. To focus on this axonal dynamic activity, damage-recovery, a key axonal protein, the microtubule associated protein tau, was analyzed in this DEDTC model. Tau is a phosphoprotein and its dynamic site-specific phosphorylation is essential for its proper function; in fact, high...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Juana Utrera, Felix Junyent, Luisa de Lemos, Merce Pallàs, Antoni Camins, Rafael Romero, Carme Auladell Source Type: journals
Peptides derived from the solvent-exposed loops 3 and 4 of BDNF bind TrkB and p75NTR receptors and stimulate neurite outgrowth and survivalEmail this article to a colleague.
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is critically involved in modeling the developing nervous system and is an important regulator of a variety of crucial functions in the mature CNS. BDNF exerts its action through interactions with two transmembrane receptors, either separately or in concert. BDNF has been implicated in several neurological disorders, and irregularities in BDNF function may have severe consequences. Administration of BDNF as a drug has thus far yielded few practicable results, and the potential side effects when using a multifunctional protein are substantial. In an effort to produce more specific co...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kristina Fobian, Sylwia Owczarek, Christian Budtz, Elisabeth Bock, Vladimir Berezin, Martin V. Pedersen Source Type: journals
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) promotes the differentiation of mouse cochlear neural progenitors via the Math1-Brn3.1 signaling pathway in vitroEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we demonstrated that SHH contributes to the differentiation of cochlear neural progenitors (CNPs), which are derived from the postnatal day 1 organ of Corti in mice. Addition of SHH to CNPs increased the formation of epithelial cell islands, simultaneously activated the expression of Math1 that is a transcription factor for the initial differentiation of auditory hair cells. The increased expression of Math1 then regulated the promoter activity of Brn3.1, another transcription factor that controls the further differentiation and survival of auditory hair cells. Taken together, our data suggest that SHH plays...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xiaohua Hu, Jianmin Huang, Ling Feng, Shinji Fukudome, Yuki Hamajima, Jizhen Lin Source Type: journals
Maternal caffeine intake during gestation and lactation down-regulates adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain from mothers and neonatesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Even though caffeine can be excreted in breast milk, few studies have analyzed the effect of maternal caffeine consumption during lactation on neonatal brain. In the present work pregnant rats were treated daily with 1 g/L of caffeine in their drinking water during pregnancy and/or lactation and the effect on adenosine A1 receptor in brains from both lactating mothers and 15 days-old neonates was assayed using radioligand binding and real time PCR assays. Mothers receiving caffeine during gestational period developed motor activation in gestational days 8-10 which was associated with a significant decrease of total adenosi...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A.M. Lorenzo, D. León, C.A. Castillo, M.A. Ruiz, J.L. Albasanz, M. Martín Source Type: journals
Promoting directional axon growth from neural progenitors grafted into the injured spinal cordEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study investigated the neurotransmitter identity and axonal growth potential of neural progenitors following grafting into adult rats with a dorsal column lesion. We found that using a combination of neuronal and glial restricted progenitors (NRP and GRP) produced graft-derived glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons within the injury site, with minimal axonal extension. Administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with the graft promoted modest axonal growth from grafted cells. In contrast, injecting a lentiviral vector expressing BDNF rostral into the injured area generated a neurotrophin gradient and prom...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Joseph F. Bonner, Armin Blesch, Birgit Neuhuber, Itzhak Fischer Source Type: journals
Caspase-11 mediates ischemia-induced astrocyte death: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and C/EBP homologous proteinEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, our work contributes to clarifying the pathways leading to astrocyte death in response to ischemia by defining caspase-11 as a key mediator of the ER stress response acting downstream of CHOP. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Noelia Fradejas, María Dolores Pastor, Miguel Burgos, Rudi Beyaert, Pedro Tranque, Soledad Calvo Source Type: journals
Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional improvement and increased expression of neurotrophic factors in a rat focal cerebral ischemia modelEmail this article to a colleague.
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Previous studies have suggested that intravenous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rat ischemia models reduces ischemia-induced brain damage. Here, we analyzed the expression of neurotrophic factors in transplanted human MSCs and host brain tissue in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemia model. At 1 day after transient MCAO, 3 × 106 immortalized human MSC line (B10) cells or PBS was intravenously transplanted. Behavioral tests, infarction volume, and B10 cell migration were investigated at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after MCAO. The expression of endogenous (rat origin) and exogenous (human origi...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kiryo Wakabayashi, Atsushi Nagai, Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Yuri Shiota, Dashdemberel Narantuya, Tatsuzo Watanabe, Junichi Masuda, Shotai Kobayashi, Seung U. Kim, Shuhei Yamaguchi Source Type: journals
Periaqueductal gray afferents synapse onto dopamine and GABA neurons in the rat ventral tegmental areaEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we injected anterograde tracers into the rat PAG and used immunoperoxidase to visualize the projections to the VTA. Immunogold-silver labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or GABA was then used to identify the phenotype of innervated cells. Electron microscopic examination of the VTA revealed axons labeled anterogradely from the PAG, including myelinated and unmyelinated fibers and axon varicosities, some of which formed identifiable synapses. Approximately 55% of these synaptic contacts were of the symmetric (presumably inhibitory) type; the rest were asymmetric (presumably excitatory). These findings are ...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natalia Omelchenko, Susan R. Sesack Source Type: journals
Oxidative stress up-regulates presenilin 1 in lipid rafts in neuronal cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of oxidative stress on the BACE1 and [gamma]-secretase components in lipid rafts using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ethacrynic acid (EA), a compound that induces cellular glutathione depletion. Following exposure of cells to EA, heme oxygenase-1, a marker protein of oxidative stress, was strongly induced. Moreover, treatment with EA resulted in a significant increase in PS1 protein levels, but not those of nicastrin, APH-1, PEN-2 or BACE1, in both cell lysates and the lipid raft fraction. This increase in PS1 protein expression was prevented by co-treatment with an...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Akiko Oda, Akira Tamaoka, Wataru Araki Source Type: journals
Normobaric hyperoximia increases hypoxia-induced cerebral injury: DTI study in ratsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Perinatal hypoxia affects normal neurological development and can lead to motor, behavioral and cognitive deficits. A common acute treatment for perinatal hypoxia is oxygen resuscitation (hyperoximia), a controversial treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), was performed in a P7 rat model of perinatal hypoxia to determine the effect of hyperoximia. These studies were performed on two groups of animals: 1) animals which were subjected to ischemia followed by hypoxia (HI), and 2) HI followed by hyperoximic treatment (HHI). Lesion volumes on high resolution MRI and DTI derived me...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K.H. Bockhorst, P.A. Narayana, J. Dulin, R. Liu, H.C. Rea, K. Hahn, J. Wosik, J.R. Perez-Polo Source Type: journals
Protective role of COMP-Ang1 in ischemic rat brainEmail this article to a colleague.
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In cerebral ischemia, the induction of angiogenesis may represent a natural defense mechanism that enables the hypoxic brain to avoid progression into infarction. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is known to produce non-leaky and stable blood vessel formation mainly by the Tie2 receptor. Therefore, we envisioned that the application of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-Ang1 (COMP-Ang1), a soluble, stable, and potent form of Ang1, would promote angiogenesis and provide a protective effect following unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. To this end, we employed a 2-hour-MCAO model, and treated rats with adenovir...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hye Young Shin, Yoon Jin Lee, Hak Joo Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Jong Hoon Kim, Kyu Chang Wang, Dong Gyu Kim, Gou Young Koh, Sun Ha Paek Source Type: journals
Correlations between peripheral blood mononuclear cell production of BDNF, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and cognitive performances in multiple sclerosis patientsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion our study shows a correlation between low BDNF and high IL-6 production by PBMCs and poorer performances in cognitive tasks in RRMS patients suggesting a possible role of these factors in cognitive impairment in MS. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A.K. Patanella, M. Zinno, D. Quaranta, V. Nociti, G. Frisullo, G. Gainotti, P.A. Tonali, A.P. Batocchi, C. Marra Source Type: journals
Conserved fate and function of ferumoxides-labeled neural precursor cells in vitro and in vivoEmail this article to a colleague.
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Recent progress in cell therapy research for brain diseases has raised the need for non-invasive monitoring of transplanted cells. For therapeutic application in multiple sclerosis, transplanted cells need to be tracked both spatially and temporally, in order to assess their migration and survival in the host tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of superparamagnetic iron oxide-(SPIO)-labeled cells has been widely used for high resolution monitoring of the biodistribution of cells after transplantation into the central nervous system (CNS). Here we labeled mouse glial-committed neural precursor cells (NPCs) with the cli...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mikhal E. Cohen, Naser Muja, Nina Fainstein, Jeff W.M. Bulte, Tamir Ben-Hur Source Type: journals
The galanin receptor 2/3 agonist Gal2-11 protects the SN56 cells against [beta]-amyloid25-35 toxicityEmail this article to a colleague.
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The neuropeptide galanin is a modulator of cholinergic function and may play a role in A[beta] peptide-induced degeneration of cholinergic forebrain neurons. We have studied the effect of galanin and its galanin receptor subtype 2/3 agonist Gal2-11on toxicity induced by freshly-prepared [beta]-amyloid25-35 in the cholinergic cell line SN56. Both nuclear fragmentation and caspase-3 expression were analysed. [beta]-amyloid25-35-exposure induced a significant increase in caspase-3 mRNA expression after 30, 60, 90 or 150 min of [beta]-amyloid25-35 exposure. These effects were abolished in the presence of Gal2-11 (10 nM). Simil...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S. Pirondi, A. Giuliani, G. Del Vecchio, L. Giardino, T. Hökfelt, L. Calzà Source Type: journals
Recurrent systemic infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae do not aggravate the course of experimental neurodegenerative diseasesEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, onset and course of disease in mouse models of three common neurodegenerative disorders were not influenced by repeated systemic infections with S. pneumoniae, indicating that the effect of moderately severe acute infections on the course of neurodegenerative diseases may be less pronounced than suspected. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sandra Ebert, Miriam Goos, Lena Rollwagen, Daniel Baake, Wolf-Dieter Zech, Hermann Esselmann, Jens Wiltfang, Brit Mollenhauer, Reinhard Schliebs, Joachim Gerber, Roland Nau Source Type: journals
Synaptic localization of neuroligin 2 in the rodent retina: Comparative study with the dystroglycan-containing complexEmail this article to a colleague.
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Several recent studies have shown that neuroligin 2 (NL2), a component of the cell adhesion neurexins-neuroligins complex, is localized postsynaptically at hippocampal and other inhibitory synapses throughout the brain. Other studies have shown that components of the dystroglycan complex are also localized at a subset of inhibitory synapses and are coexpressed with NL2 in brain. These data prompted us to undertake a comparative study between the localization of NL2 and the dystroglycan complex in the rodent retina. First, we determined that NL2 mRNA is expressed both in the inner and in the outer nuclear layers. Second, we...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Leona Lui, Joshua N. Levinson, Geoffroy Noël, Gregory R. Handrigan, Joy M. Richman, Alaa El-Husseini, Hakima Moukhles Source Type: journals
Cellular expression pattern of the protease-activated receptor 4 in the hippocampus in naïve rats and after global ischaemiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the current study proves for the first time that PAR4 is localised in mossy fibre axons. The altered expression in CA3 neurons after ischaemia indicates that PAR4 may be involved in post-ischaemic adaptive mechanisms. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Henrich-Noack, M. Riek-Burchardt, K.G. Reymann, G. Reiser Source Type: journals
Activity-dependent somatostatin gene expression is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca2+-calmodulin kinase pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague.
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Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (L-VSCC) is required for K+-induced somatostatin (SS) mRNA. Increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration leads to the activation of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), a key regulator of SS gene transcription. Several different protein kinases possess the capability of driving CREB upon membrane depolarization. We investigated which of the signalling pathways involved in CREB activation mediates SS gene induction in response to membrane depolarization in cerebrocortical cells exposed to 56 mM K+. Activity dependent phosphorylation of CREB in Ser133 wa...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Isabel Sánchez-Muñoz, Franco Sánchez-Franco, Mario Vallejo, Antonio Fernández, Nuria Palacios, Miriam Fernández, Lucinda Cacicedo Source Type: journals
DHA diet reduces AD pathology in young APPswe/PS1[Delta]E9 transgenic mice: Possible gender effectsEmail this article to a colleague.
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We examined the effects of short-term (3 months) DHA enriched diet on plaque deposition and synaptic deficts in forebrain of young APPswe/PS1[Delta]E9 transgenic (tg) and non-transgenic (ntg) mice. Gas chromatography revealed a significant increase in DHA concomitant with a decrease of arachidonic acid in both brain and liver in mice fed with DHA. Female tg mice consumed relatively more food daily than ntg female mice, independent of diet. Plaque load was significantly reduced in the cortex, ventral hippocampus and striatum of female APPswe/PS1[Delta]E9 tg mice on DHA diet compared to female tg mice on control diet. Immuno...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sylvia E. Perez, Brian M. Berg, Kenneth A. Moore, Bin He, Scott E. Counts, Jason J. Fritz, Yuan-Shih Hu, Orly Lazarov, James J. Lah, Elliott J. Mufson Source Type: journals
Axon responses of embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons to semaphorins 3A and 3CEmail this article to a colleague.
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Class 3 Semaphorins are a subfamily of chemotropic molecules implicated in the projection of dopaminergic neurons from the ventral mesencephalon and in the formation of the nigrostriatal pathway (NSP) during embryonic development. In humans, loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons leads to Parkinson's disease (PD). Cell replacement therapy with dopaminergic neurons generated from embryonic stem cells (ES-TH+) is being actively explored in models of PD. Among several requisites for this approach to work are adequate reconstruction of the NSP and correct innervation of normal striatal targets by dopaminergic axons. In thi...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elisa Tamariz, N. Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez, Néstor F. Díaz, Claudia M. García-Peña, Iván Velasco, Alfredo Varela-Echavarría Source Type: journals
Caspase inhibition by cardiotrophin-1 prevents neuronal death in vivo and in vitroEmail this article to a colleague.
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Our previous studies showed that cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a cytokine in the interleukin-6 family, protected the developing rat brain against focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) in vivo and prevented cortical neuron death in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which CT-1 prevents neuronal death are not clearly understood. This in vivo study focused on whether CT-1 treatment prevented FCI-induced brain injuries in the postnatal day 7 (P7) rat through modulating activation of the initiator caspase-8 (C-8) and the downstream effector caspase-3 (C-3). FCI caused a significant increase in expressions of cleaved C-8 and C-3 and, meanwhile...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hui Peng, Augusto Sola, James Moore, Tongchun Wen Source Type: journals
Ciliary neurotrophic factor enhances nicotinic synaptic transmission in sympathetic neuronsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we found that CNTF dramatically enhanced the frequency and amplitude of nicotinic excitatory post-synaptic currents in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons maintained in a medium supplemented with nerve growth factor. Moreover, the number of neurons displaying nicotinic synaptic currents was also significantly increased by CNTF. These results suggest that CNTF could enhance nicotinic synaptic transmission via both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. The findings of this study reinforce the rationale for the usage of combinations of different neurotrophic factors for the therapy of neurodegenerative di...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Qiang Nai, Xiaoyun Wang, Ying Jin, Dongbin Sun, Man Li, Bo Hu, Xiaotong Zhang Source Type: journals
Degenerative abnormalities in transgenic neocortical neuropeptide Y interneurons expressing tau-green fluorescent proteinEmail this article to a colleague.
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The introduction of a reporter gene into bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) constructs allows a rapid identification of the cell type expressing the gene of interest. Here we used BAC transgenic mice expressing a tau-sapphire green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the transcriptional control of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) genomic sequence to characterize morphological and electrophysiological properties of NPY-GFP interneurons of the mouse juvenile primary somatosensory cortex. Electrophysiological whole-cell recordings and biocytin injections were performed to allow the morphological reconstruction of the recorded neurons ...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Armelle Rancillac, Jeanne Lainé, Quentin Perrenoud, Hélène Geoffroy, Isabelle Ferezou, Tania Vitalis, Jean Rossier Source Type: journals
[alpha]-Synuclein abnormalities in mouse models of peroxisome biogenesis disordersEmail this article to a colleague.
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[alpha]-Synuclein ([alpha]S) is a presynaptic protein implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Growing evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and [alpha]S-lipid interactions in the gradual accumulation of [alpha]S in pathogenic forms and its deposition in Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of PD and related synucleinopathies. The peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBD), with Zellweger syndrome serving as the prototype of this group, are characterized by malformed and functionally impaired peroxisomes. Here we utilized the PBD mouse models Pex2-/-, Pex5-/-, and Pex13-/- to study the potential eff...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Eugenia Yakunin, Ann Moser, Virginie Loeb, Ann Saada, Phyllis Faust, Denis I. Crane, Myriam Baes, Ronit Sharon Source Type: journals
Fear learning and extinction are linked to neuronal plasticity through Rin1 signalingEmail this article to a colleague.
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The amygdala is known to have a crucial role in both the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear, but the physiological changes and biochemical mechanisms underlying these forms of learning are only partly understood. The Ras effector Rin1 activates Abl tyrosine kinases and Rab5 GTPases and is highly expressed in mature neurons of the telencephalon including the amygdala, where it inhibits the acquisition of fear memories (Rin1-/- mice show enhanced learning of conditioned fear). Here we report that Rin1-/- mice exhibit profound deficits in both latent inhibition and fear extinction, suggesting a critical role for R...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Joanne M. Bliss, Erin E. Gray, Ajay Dhaka, Thomas J. O'Dell, John Colicelli Source Type: journals
Fas activation increases neural progenitor cell survivalEmail this article to a colleague.
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Although there is a sizable amount of research focusing on adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as a therapeutic approach for many neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, little is known about the pathways that govern NPC survival and apoptosis. Fas, a member of the death receptor superfamily, plays a well-characterized role in the immune system, but its function in neural stem cells remains uncertain. Our study focuses on the effects of Fas on NPC survival in vitro. Activation of Fas by recombinant Fas ligand (FasL) did not induce apoptosis in murine NPCs in culture. In fact, both an increase in the amou...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Julia C. Knight, Eugene L. Scharf, Yang Mao-Draayer Source Type: journals
Microglial/macrophage cells in mammalian olfactory nerve fasciclesEmail this article to a colleague.
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This is the first description of a population of Iba1- and annexin A3-immunopositive cells residing in the peripheral olfactory nerves of adult rats and adult cats. Based on their ramified appearance, positive immunostaining for the monocytic markers Iba1 and annexin A3, and reactivity to bulbectomy (in adult rats), these cells found within the olfactory nerve fascicles of both mammalian species meet several important criteria for their designation as microglia/macrophages. These Iba1-/annexin A3-immunopositive cells may be uniquely positioned to protect against the potential spread of dangerous environmental xenobiotics (...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Laura J. Smithson, Michael D. Kawaja Source Type: journals
Developmental and age-related changes of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 in the mouse brainEmail this article to a colleague.
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Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of posttranslational modification enzymes that citrullinate (deiminate) protein arginine residues in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Enzymatic citrullination abolishes positive charges of native protein molecules, inevitably causing significant alterations in their structure and functions. Among the five isoforms of PADs, PAD2 and PAD4 are proved occupants of the central nervous system (CNS), and especially PAD2 is a main PAD enzyme expressed in the CNS. We previously reported that abnormal protein citrullination by PAD2 has been closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegen...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nobuko Shimada, Setsuko Handa, Yoshiaki Uchida, Mitsugu Fukuda, Naoki Maruyama, Hiroaki Asaga, Eun-Kyoung Choi, Jaewon Lee, Akihito Ishigami Source Type: journals
Astrocytes protect oligodendrocyte precursor cells via MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signalingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Accumulating evidence suggest that trophic coupling among different cell types in the brain is required to maintain normal CNS function. Here we show that astrocytes secrete soluble factors that can be oligodendrocyte-supportive. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and astrocytes were prepared from neonatal rat brain and cultured separately. We conducted cell culture medium-transfer experiments to examine whether astrocytes secrete OPC-protective factors. Conditioned media from astrocytes protected OPCs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, starvation, and oxygen-glucose deprivation. This protective effect may be media...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ken Arai, Eng H. Lo Source Type: journals
Divergent role for MMP-2 in myelin breakdown and oligodendrocyte death following transient global ischemiaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Transient global ischemia causes delayed white matter injury to the brain with oligodendrocyte (OLG) death and myelin breakdown. There is increasing evidence that hypoxia may be involved in several diseases of the white matter, including multiple sclerosis, vascular dementia, and ischemia. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are increased in rat and mouse models of hypoxic hypoperfusion and have been associated with OLG death. However, whether the MMPs act on myelin or OLGs remains unresolved. We hypothesized that delayed expression of MMPs caused OLG death and myelin breakdown. To test the hypothesis, adult mice underwent hy...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Espen J. Walker, Gary A. Rosenberg Source Type: journals
Cocaine withdrawal-induced anxiety in females: Impact of circulating estrogen and potential use of delta-opioid receptor agonists for treatmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Sex differences in cocaine addiction warrants further research focused on examining the growing population of female cocaine addicts. As demonstrated in both clinical and preclinical research, females are more susceptible to drug relapse with anxiety being a contributing factor. In support of this, a recent clinical study from our laboratory highlights the importance of menstrual cycle phase and anxiety at treatment admission for cocaine addiction on treatment retention. In support of these trends in the clinical population, the purpose of the present study was to design an animal model to directly test the role of circula...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lisa M. Ambrose-Lanci, R.C. Sterling, Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele Source Type: journals
Genistein induces receptor and mitochondrial pathways and increases apoptosis during BCL-2 knockdown in human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-DZ cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The potent antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 is markedly up-regulated in a majority of cancers, including neuroblastoma. Genistein is an isoflavone with antitumor properties. The present study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanism of genistein-induced apoptosis and also to examine the effect of genistein in increasing apoptosis during Bcl-2 knockdown in human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-DZ cells. The cells were transfected with Bcl-2 siRNA plasmid vector, treated with 10 [mu]M genistein, or the combination, and subjected to TUNEL staining and FACS analysis. Semiquantitative and real-time RT-PCR experiments were performed...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Joseph George, Naren L. Banik, Swapan K. Ray Source Type: journals
Down-regulation of diacylglycerol lipase-[alpha] during neural stem cell differentiation: Identification of elements that regulate transcriptionEmail this article to a colleague.
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The diacylglycerol lipases (DAGL[alpha] and DAGL[beta]) synthesize 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), a full agonist at cannabinoid receptors. Dynamic regulation of DAGL expression underpins its role in axonal growth and guidance during development, retrograde synaptic signalling at mature synapses, and maintenance of adult neurogenesis. We show here that DAGL[alpha] expression is dramatically down-regulated when neural stem (NS) cells are differentiated toward a [gamma]-aminobutyric acidergic neuronal phenotype. To understand how DAGL[alpha] expression might be controlled, we sought to identify the core promoter region and re...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - October 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Deborah J. Walker, Philipp Suetterlin, Melina Reisenberg, Gareth Williams, Patrick Doherty Source Type: journals
Effect of rosmarinic acid in motor dysfunction and life span in a mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosisEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, this study provides the first report that rosemary extract and, especially, RA have preventive effects in the mouse model of ALS. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yosuke Shimojo, Kunio Kosaka, Yoshihiro Noda, Takahiko Shimizu, Takuji Shirasawa Source Type: journals
Synergistic effect between proteasome and autophagosome in the clearance of polyubiquitinated TDP-43Email this article to a colleague.
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Cytoplasmic aggregates of ubiquitinated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the mechanism of TDP-43 polyubiquitination remains elusive. We investigated the effect of nuclear exclusion of TDP-43 on aggregate formation and fragmentation, using TDP-43 expression constructs for WT or mutant TDP-43 with a modified nuclear localizing signal (LQ-NLS). Overexpression of the LQ-NLS mutant alone induced no detectable cytoplasmic aggregates during a 72-hr period. Polyubiquitination of both WT TDP-43 and the LQ-NLS mutant was similar in total cell lysates exp...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Makoto Urushitani, Takashi Sato, Hitoshi Bamba, Yasuo Hisa, Ikuo Tooyama Source Type: journals
Enzymatic-nonenzymatic cellular antioxidant defense systems response and immunohistochemical detection of MDMA, VMAT2, HSP70, and apoptosis as biomarkers for MDMA (Ecstasy) neurotoxicityEmail this article to a colleague.
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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity leads to the formation of quinone metabolities and hydroxyl radicals and then to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluated the effect of a single dose of MDMA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on the enzymatic and nonenzymatic cellular antioxidant defense system in different areas of rat brain in the early hours ( (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Irene Riezzo, Daniela Cerretani, Carmela Fiore, Stefania Bello, Fabio Centini, Stefano D'Errico, Anna Ida Fiaschi, Giorgio Giorgi, Margherita Neri, Cristoforo Pomara, Emanuela Turillazzi, Vittorio Fineschi Source Type: journals
Reduced size of the dendritic tree does not protect Purkinje cells from excitotoxic deathEmail this article to a colleague.
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Purkinje cell loss by excitotoxic damage is a typical finding in many cerebellar diseases. One important aspect of this high sensitivity of Purkinje cells to excitotoxic death might be the enormous size of their dendritic tree, with a high load of excitatory glutamate receptors. We have studied whether reduction in the size of the dendritic tree might confer resistance against excitotoxic death to Purkinje cells. We have grown Purkinje cells in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures under chronic activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors or of protein kinase C. Both treatments strongly reduced dendritic tree size. Afte...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Olivia S. Gugger, Josef P. Kapfhammer Source Type: journals
Calcium imaging in single neurons from brain slices using bioluminescent reportersEmail this article to a colleague.
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Responses of three bioluminescent Ca2+ sensors were studied in vitro and in neurons from brain slices. These sensors consisted of tandem fusions of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the photoproteins aequorin, obelin, or a mutant aequorin with high Ca2+ sensitivity. Kinetics of GFP-obelin responses to a saturating Ca2+ concentration were faster than those of GFP-aequorin at all Mg2+ concentrations tested, whereas GFP-mutant aequorin responses were the slowest. GFP-photoproteins were efficiently expressed in pyramidal neurons following overnight incubation of acute neocortical slices with recombinant Sindbis viruses. Exp...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Estelle Drobac, Ludovic Tricoire, Alain-François Chaffotte, Elvire Guiot, Bertrand Lambolez Source Type: journals
Stromal cell-secreted factors promote the survival of embryonic stem cell-derived early neural stem/progenitor cells via the activation of MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague.
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Neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) have been studied extensively with the hope of using them clinically to repair the damaged central nervous system. However, little is known about the signals that regulate the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of NS/PCs in early development. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we took advantage of an in vitro ES cell differentiation system from which we can obtain neurospheres containing NS/PCs with characteristics of the early caudal neural tube, by treating embryoid bodies (EBs) with a low concentration of retinoic acid (RA). We found that conditioned medium from the PA6...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Seiji Ishii, Yohei Okada, Toshihiko Kadoya, Yumi Matsuzaki, Takuya Shimazaki, Hideyuki Okano Source Type: journals
Rapid assessment of internodal myelin integrity in central nervous system tissueEmail this article to a colleague.
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Monitoring pathology/regeneration in experimental models of de-/remyelination requires an accurate measure not only of functional changes but also of the amount of myelin. We tested whether X-ray diffraction (XRD), which measures periodicity in unfixed myelin, can assess the structural integrity of myelin in fixed tissue. From laboratories involved in spinal cord injury research and in studying the aging primate brain, we solicited "blind" samples and used an electronic detector to record rapidly the diffraction patterns (30 min each pattern) from them. We assessed myelin integrity by measuring its periodicity and relative...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Daniel A. Kirschner, Robin L. Avila, Rodolfo E. Gamez Sazo, Adrienne Luoma, Gaby U. Enzmann, Deepika Agrawal, Hideyo Inouye, Mary Bartlett Bunge, Jeffery Kocsis, Alan Peters, Scott R. Whittemore Source Type: journals
Mutual effects of caveolin and nerve growth factor signaling in pig oligodendrocytesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Signaling of growth factors may depend on the recruitment of their receptors to specialized microdomains. Previous reports on PC12 cells indicated an interaction of raft-organized caveolin and TrkA signaling. Because porcine oligodendrocytes (OLs) respond to nerve growth factor (NGF), we were interested to know whether caveolin also plays a role in oligodendroglial NGF/TrkA signaling. OLs expressed caveolin at the plasma membrane but also intracellularly. This was partially organized in the classically [Omega]-shaped invaginations, which may represent caveolae. We could show that caveolin and TrkA colocalize by using a dis...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Matthias Schmitz, Sabine Klöppner, Steve Klopfleisch, Wiebke Möbius, Peter Schwartz, Inga Zerr, Hans H. Althaus Source Type: journals
Interaction of Rab31 and OCRL-1 in oligodendrocytes: Its role in transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptorsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Rab31, a protein that we cloned from an oligodendrocyte cDNA library, is required for transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to endosomes and for Golgi/TGN organization. Here we extend the knowledge of the mechanism of action of Rab31 by demonstrating its interaction with OCRL-1, a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate 5-phosphatase (PI(4,5)P2 5-phosphatase) that regulates the levels of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P, molecules involved in transport and Golgi/TGN organization. We show that Rab31 interacts with OCRL-1 in a yeast two-hybrid system, GST-Rab31 pull-down experiments, and coimm...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A.G. Rodriguez-Gabin, E. Ortiz, K. Demoliner, Q. Si, G. Almazan, J.N. Larocca Source Type: journals
Huperzine a improves chronic inflammation and cognitive decline in rats with cerebral hypoperfusionEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, delayed and chronic administration of huperzine A could protect against 2VO-induced cognitive impairment, which might be related to its beneficial effects on WML, and the nAChR-dependent cholinergic anti-inflammation pathway plays an important role. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Juan Wang, Hai Yan Zhang, Xi Can Tang Source Type: journals
Trimethyltin intoxication up-regulates nitric oxide synthase in neurons and purinergic ionotropic receptor 2 in astrocytes in the hippocampusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Nitric oxide (NO) and purinergic ionotropic receptors (P2X) mediate cellular events in the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological conditions as well as during pathological events, and they have been recently proposed to interact in mediating CNS response to injury (Viscomi et al. [2004] Neuroscience 123:393-404; Florenzano et al. [2008] Pflugers Arch. 452:622-644). Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound that generates neurotoxic effects, and it has been used in a model of neurodegenerative disease and memory dysfunction. TMT causes neuronal death and reactive gliosis primarily in the hippocampus and other li...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - September 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Laura Latini, Maria Concetta Geloso, Valentina Corvino, Stefano Giannetti, Fulvio Florenzano, Maria Teresa Viscomi, Fabrizio Michetti, Marco Molinari Source Type: journals
