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Diffractive–refractive optics: X-ray splitterEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The possibility of splitting a thin (e.g. undulator) X-ray beam based on diffraction–refraction effects is discussed. The beam is diffracted from a crystal whose diffracting surface has the shape of a roof with the ridge lying in the plane of diffraction. The crystal is cut asymmetrically. One half of the beam impinges on the left-hand part of the roof and the other half impinges on the right-hand side of the roof. Owing to refraction the left part of the beam is deviated to the left whereas the right part is deviated to the right. The device proposed consists of two channel-cut crystals with roof-like diffraction surfac...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - November 17, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Hrdý, J. Tags: X-ray monochromator X-ray splitter short communications Source Type: journals

Energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy at LNLS: investigation on strongly correlated metal oxidesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline mainly dedicated to X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and material science under extreme conditions has been implemented in a bending-magnet port at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory. Here the beamline technical characteristics are described, including the most important aspects of the mechanics, optical elements and detection set-up. The beamline performance is then illustrated through two case studies on strongly correlated transition metal oxides: an XMCD insight into the modifications of the magnetic properties of Cr-doped manganites and the st...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - November 17, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Cezar, J.C.Souza-Neto, N.M.Piamonteze, C.Tamura, E.Garcia, F.Carvalho, E.J.Neueschwander, R.T.Ramos, A.Y.Tolentino, H.C.N.Caneiro, A.Massa, N.E.Martinez-Lope, M.J.Alonso, J.A.Itié, J.-P. Tags: XAS XMCD high pressure research papers Source Type: journals

Towards a black-box for biological EXAFS data analysis. II. Automatic BioXAS Refinement and Analysis (ABRA)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In biological systems, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can determine structural details of metal binding sites with high resolution. Here a method enabling an automated analysis of the corresponding EXAFS data is presented, utilizing in addition to least-squares refinement the prior knowledge about structural details and important fit parameters. A metal binding motif is characterized by the type of donor atoms and their bond lengths. These fit results are compared by bond valance sum analysis and target distances with established structures of metal binding sites. Other parameters such as the Debye–Waller factor and...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - November 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Wellenreuther, G.Parthasarathy, V.Meyer-Klaucke, W. Tags: EXAFS BioXAS refinement metalloproteins ABRA automation research papers Source Type: journals

Analysis of tapered front-coupling X-ray waveguidesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The coupling and propagation of electromagnetic waves through planar X-ray waveguides (WG) with vacuum gap and Si claddings are analyzed in detail, starting from the source and ending at the detector. The general case of linearly tapered WGs (i.e. with the entrance aperture different from the exit one) is considered. Different kinds of sources, i.e. synchrotron radiation and laboratory desk-top sources, have been considered, with the former providing a fully coherent incoming beam and the latter partially coherent beams. It is demonstrated that useful information about the parameters of the WG can be derived, comparing exp...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - November 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Bukreeva, I.Pelliccia, D.Cedola, A.Scarinci, F.Ilie, M.Giannini, C.De Caro, L.Lagomarsino, S. Tags: X-ray waveguides coherent X-rays X-ray standing waves X-ray optics research papers Source Type: journals

Characterization of wax as a potential diffraction intensity standard for macromolecular crystallography beamlinesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A number of commercially available waxes in the form of thin disc samples have been investigated as possible diffraction intensity standards for macromolecular crystallography synchrotron beamlines. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction measurements show that beeswax offers the best performance of these waxes owing to its polycrystallinity. Crystallographic lattice parameters and diffraction intensities were examined between 281 and 309 K, and show stable and predictable thermal behaviour. Using an X-ray beam of known incident flux at λ = 1 Å, the diffraction power of two strong Bragg reflections for beeswax were qua...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - November 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Brandao-Neto, J.Thompson, S.P.Lennie, A.R.Ferreira, F.F.Tang, C.C. Tags: beeswax macromolecular crystallography MX intensity standard synchrotron powder diffraction research papers Source Type: journals

Synchrotron infrared reflectance microspectroscopy study of film formation and breakdown on copperEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This work demonstrates the utility of synchrotron infrared reflectance microspectroscopy in the far- and mid-IR for the determination of the composition of electrogenerated surface films formed during the general and localized corrosion of copper in alkaline and bicarbonate solutions. Back-reflection geometry has been employed to identify the anodic film formed on copper in 0.1 M NaOH solution at 0.3 V (versus a Ag/AgCl reference) to be mainly CuO. In 0.01 M NaHCO3 solution general corrosion occurs with passive film formation below 0.2 V. The surface film at 0.2 V consisted mainly of bicarbonate, copper carbonate...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - November 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Hahn, F.Melendres, C.A. Tags: infrared microspectroscopy copper corrosion in bicarbonate film formation and breakdown pitting research papers Source Type: journals

Advances and synergy of high-pressure sciences at synchrotron sourcesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Introductory overview to the special issue papers on high-pressure sciences and synchrotron radiation. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 21, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Liu, H.Duffy, T.Ehm, L.Crichton, W.Aoki, K. Tags: research papers Source Type: journals

Current eventsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 20, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: , Tags: current events Source Type: journals

Use of a hexapod in diffraction measurements of substrate-supported crystals of organic semiconductorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thin films of organic semiconductor prepared on substrates generally contain crystals that have one common crystal plane parallel to the substrate but random in-plane orientations. In diffraction measurements of these structures, it is often required to anchor the X-ray beam on a fixed spot on the sample, such as an optically visible crystallite or island. Here, a hexapod is used in place of a traditional multi-circle diffractometer to perform area-detector-based diffraction measurements on an actual device that contains 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilyethynyl)-pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) crystals. The hexapod allows for sample ro...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 8, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Yang, L.Yang, H. Tags: X-ray diffraction hexapod transmission grazing incidence research papers Source Type: journals

In situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction analysis on phase transformations in Ti–Al alloys processed by equal-channel angular pressingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mixtures of 47-Al and 53-Ti powders (atomic %) have been consolidated using back pressure equal-channel angular pressing starting with both raw and ball-milled powders. In situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction studies are presented with continuous Rietveld analysis obtained upon a heating ramp from 300 K to 1075 K performed after the consolidation process. Initial phase distributions contain all intermetallic compounds of this system except Al, with distribution maxima in the outer regions of the concentrations (α-Ti, TiAl3). Upon annealing, the phase evolution and lattice parameter changes owing to chemical ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 8, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Liss, K.-D.Whitfield, R.E.Xu, W.Buslaps, T.Yeoh, L.A.Wu, X.Zhang, D.Xia, K. Tags: Ti Al phase transformation phase equilibria powder metallurgy structural X-ray diffraction research papers Source Type: journals

EDNA: a framework for plugin-based applications applied to X-ray experiment online data analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the features provided by the EDNA framework to ease the development of extensible scientific applications. This framework includes a plugins class hierarchy, configuration and application facilities, a mechanism to generate data classes and a testing framework. These utilities allow rapid development and integration in which robustness and quality play a fundamental role. A first prototype, designed for macromolecular crystallography experiments and tested at several synchrotrons, is presented. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 6, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Incardona, M.-F.Bourenkov, G.P.Levik, K.Pieritz, R.A.Popov, A.N.Svensson, O. Tags: online data analysis beamline automation data collection computer programs Source Type: journals

A decade of user operation on the macromolecular crystallography MAD beamline ID14-4 at the ESRFEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ID14-4 at the ESRF is the first tunable undulator-based macromolecular crystallography beamline that can celebrate a decade of user service. During this time ID14-4 has not only been instrumental in the determination of the structures of biologically important molecules but has also contributed significantly to the development of various instruments, novel data collection schemes and pioneering radiation damage studies on biological samples. Here, the evolution of ID14-4 over the last decade is presented, and some of the major improvements that were carried out in order to maintain its status as one of the most productive ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 6, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: McCarthy, A.A.Brockhauser, S.Nurizzo, D.Theveneau, P.Mairs, T.Spruce, D.Guijarro, M.Lesourd, M.Ravelli, R.B.G.McSweeney, S. Tags: macromolecular crystallography X-ray beam quality beamline diagnostics beamline automation research papers Source Type: journals

On the neglecting of higher-order cumulants in EXAFS data analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The cumulant expansion is one of the most powerful and useful methods for EXAFS data analysis, in which the higher-order cumulants allow to consider deviations from a simple Gaussian distribution. In this work, analytical expressions have been derived to show the effects of neglecting higher-order cumulants in EXAFS analysis by the ratio method. The errors in the best-fitting procedure owing to the omission of the higher-order cumulants, as well as of the coordination number, can be determined. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 2, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Sanson, A. Tags: EXAFS cumulant analysis of EXAFS research papers Source Type: journals

Portable laser-heating system for diamond anvil cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique coupled with laser heating has become the most successful method for studying materials in the multimegabar pressure range at high temperatures. However, so far all DAC laser-heating systems have been stationary: they are linked either to certain equipment or to a beamline. Here, a portable laser-heating system for DACs has been developed which can be moved between various analytical facilities, including transfer from in-house to a synchrotron or between synchrotron beamlines. Application of the system is demonstrated in an example of nuclear inelastic scattering measurements of ferr...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - October 2, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Dubrovinsky, L.Glazyrin, K.McCammon, C.Narygina, O.Greenberg, E.Übelhack, S.Chumakov, A.I.Pascarelli, S.Prakapenka, V.Bock, J.Dubrovinskaia, N. Tags: laser heating diamond anvil cells portable system NIS XANES research papers Source Type: journals

Developing VUV spectroscopy for protein folding and material luminescence on beamline 4B8 at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation FacilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The new 4B8 beamline provides UV–VUV light in the wavelength range from 360 to 120 nm. It uniquely enables two kinds of spectroscopy measurements: synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy and VUV excited fluorescence spectroscopy. The former is mainly used in protein secondary structure studies, and the latter in VUV excited luminescent materials research. Remote access to fluorescence measurement has been realised and users can collect data online. Besides steady-state measurements, fluorescence lifetime measurements have been established using the time domain method, while a laser-induced temperature jum...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 30, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Tao, Y.Huang, Y.Gao, Z.Zhuang, H.Zhou, A.Tan, Y.Li, D.Sun, S. Tags: VUV spectroscopy circular dichroism fluorescence time-resolved spectroscopy remote access research papers Source Type: journals

Synchrotron study of oxygen depletion in a Bi-2212 whisker annealed at 363 KEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Direct evidence is reported of structural and electronic effects induced on a single Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) whisker during a progressive annealing process. The crystal was investigated by micro X-ray diffraction (µ-XRD), micro X-ray fluorescence and electrical characterization at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, during a series of three in situ thermal processes at 363 K. Each step increased the sample resistivity and decreased its critical temperature, up to a semiconducting behaviour. These data correlate with µ-XRD analysis, which shows an increase of the c-axis parameter from 30.56 Å to 30.75 �...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 30, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Cagliero, S.Piovano, A.Lamberti, C.Rahman Khan, M.M.Agostino, A.Agostini, G.Gianolio, D.Mino, L.Sans, J.A.Manfredotti, Ch.Truccato, M. Tags: superconductor microfocused X-ray beam Bi-2212 whisker THz oxygen doping Kirkpatrick – Baez mirrors micro-XRF micro-XRD research papers Source Type: journals

Linear polarization scans for resonant X-ray diffraction with a double-phase-plate configurationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An in-vacuum double-phase-plate diffractometer for performing polarization scans combined with resonant X-ray diffraction experiments is presented. The use of two phase plates enables the correction of some of the aberration effects owing to the divergence of the beam and its energy spread. A higher rate of rotated polarization is thus obtained in comparison with a system with only a single retarder. Consequently, thinner phase plates can be used to obtain the required rotated polarization rate. These results are particularly interesting for applications at low energy (e.g. 4 keV) where the absorption owing to the phase ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 28, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Scagnoli, V.Mazzoli, C.Detlefs, C.Bernard, P.Fondacaro, A.Paolasini, L.Fabrizi, F.de Bergevin, F. Tags: X-ray diffraction magnetic scattering phase plate polarization research papers Source Type: journals

X-ray pair distribution function analysis of nanostructured materials using a Mythen detectorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Total scattering from nanocrystalline materials recorded on the Australian Synchrotron powder diffraction beamline has been analysed to produce atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs) for structural analysis. The capability of this beamline, which uses the massively parallel Mythen II detector, has been quantified with respect to PDF structure analysis. Data were recorded to a wavevector magnitude, Q, of 20.5 Å−1, with successful PDFs obtained for counting times as short as 10 s for crystalline LaB6 and 180 s for nanocrystalline (47 Å) anatase. This paper describes the aspects of a PDF experiment that are cru...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 28, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Haverkamp, R.G.Wallwork, K.S. Tags: X-ray total scattering Mythen pair distribution function powder diffraction nanocrystalline amorphous research papers Source Type: journals

New agitated and thermostatized cell for in situ monitoring of fast reactions by synchrotron SAXSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A thermostatized and agitated sample cell for synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of liquid samples (homogeneous or heterogeneous) has been developed. The cell is composed of a compact main body with inlet and outlet windows for the beams of light. The volume of the cell is approximately 0.8 ml and the distance between the windows is 5 mm to allow accurate SAXS measurements. The cell is thermostatized by means of a jacket that surrounds the sample holder and it is connected to a thermostatic bath. In addition, the cell has a top and a bottom lid that allow easy cleaning and maintenance without ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 25, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Paulis, M.Bonnefond, A.Mičušik, M.Leiza, J.R. Tags: synchrotron SAXS on-line monitoring agitated and thermostatized cell (mini)emulsion polymerization short communications Source Type: journals

Achievements in high-pressure science at the high-brilliance energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectrometer of ESRF, ID24Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although the idea of an X-ray absorption spectrometer in dispersive geometry was initially conceived for the study of transient phenomena, the instrument at the European Synchrotron Radiation facility has been increasingly exploited for studies at extreme conditions of pressure using diamond anvil cells. The main results of investigations at high pressure obtained at beamline ID24 are reviewed. These concern not only fundamental topics, such as the local and the electronic structure as well as the magnetic properties of matter, but also geological relevant questions such as the behaviour of Fe in the main components of the...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 25, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Aquilanti, G.Mathon, O.Pascarelli, S. Tags: energy-dispersive XAS high pressure diamond anvil cell research papers Source Type: journals

In situ rheological measurements at extreme pressure and temperature using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and radiographyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dramatic technical progress seen over the past decade now allows the plastic properties of materials to be investigated under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. Coupling of high-pressure apparatuses with synchrotron radiation significantly improves the quantification of differential stress and specimen textures from X-ray diffraction data, as well as specimen strains and strain rates by radiography. This contribution briefly reviews the recent developments in the field and describes state-of-the-art extreme-pressure deformation devices and analytical techniques available today. The focus here is on apparatuses pr...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 25, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Raterron, P.Merkel, S. Tags: materials plastic deformation high pressure high temperature rheology synchrotron X-ray diffraction imaging stress strain strain rate research papers Source Type: journals

A system for measuring elastic wave velocity under high pressure and high temperature using a combination of ultrasonic measurement and the multi-anvil apparatus at SPring-8Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An experimental system to measure the elastic wave velocities of hot-pressed polycrystalline samples at high pressure and high temperature has been installed at SPring-8. It uses a combination of the ultrasonic pulse-echo-overlap method and Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus (SPEED-1500). X-ray radiographic imaging enables the sample length to be determined at high pressure and high temperature, which is indispensable for precise determination of elastic wave velocity. Precise measurements of the elastic wave velocities of various minerals have been determined at pressures up to 19 GPa and temperatures up to 1673 K. The ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Higo, Y.Kono, Y.Inoue, T.Irifune, T.Funakoshi, K.- Tags: ultrasonic elastic property mantle mineral research papers Source Type: journals

Sound velocities of compressed Fe3C from simultaneous synchrotron X-ray diffraction and nuclear resonant scattering measurementsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The applications of nuclear resonant scattering in laser-heated diamond anvil cells have provided an important probe for the magnetic and vibrational properties of 57Fe-bearing materials under high pressure and high temperature. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction is one of the most powerful tools for studying phase stability and equation of state over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions. Recently an experimental capability has been developed for simultaneous nuclear resonant scattering and X-ray diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation. Here the application of this method to determine the sound veloc...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Gao, L.Chen, B.Lerche, M.Alp, E.E.Sturhahn, W.Zhao, J.Yavaş, H.Li, J. Tags: phonon density of state anisotropy impurity Debye APS research papers Source Type: journals

Stress measurement under high pressure using Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus combined with synchrotron radiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A system for stress measurement under high pressure has been developed at beamline BL04B1, SPring-8, Japan. A Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus, SPEED-1500, was used to pressurize polycrystalline KCl to 9.9 GPa in a mechanically anisotropic cell assembly with the KCl sample sandwiched between dense Al2O3 pistons. The variation of deviatoric stress was determined from the lattice distortion measured using two-dimensional X-ray diffraction with monochromatic synchrotron X-rays. The low-pressure B1 phase transformed to the high-pressure polymorph B2 during compression. The deviatoric stress increased with increasing pressure...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Nishihara, Y.Funakoshi, K.Higo, Y.Terasaki, H.Nishiyama, N.Kubo, T.Shimojuku, A.Tsujino, N. Tags: stress measurement two-dimensional X-ray diffraction high pressure KCl phase transition research papers Source Type: journals

Phonon spectroscopy at high pressure by inelastic X-ray scatteringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current status of phonon-dispersion studies at high pressure using very high energy resolution inelastic X-ray scattering is discussed. A brief description of the instrumental apparatus is given, together with an illustration of the high-pressure facilities available at the IXS beamlines ID16 and ID28 of the ESRF. Some selected examples of recent studies on crystalline and liquid samples in a diamond anvil cell are then presented. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Giordano, V.M.Krisch, M.Monaco, G. Tags: liquid metals and alloys high-pressure effects in solids and liquids acoustical properties of liquids research papers Source Type: journals

Stress measurement under high-pressure using Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus combined with synchrotron radiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A system for stress measurement under high pressure has been developed at beamline BL04B1, SPring-8, Japan. A Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus, SPEED-1500, was used to pressurize polycrystalline KCl to 9.9 GPa in a mechanically anisotropic cell assembly with the KCl sample sandwiched between dense Al2O3 pistons. The variation of deviatoric stress was determined from the lattice distortion measured using two-dimensional X-ray diffraction with monochromatic synchrotron X-rays. The low-pressure B1 phase transformed to the high-pressure polymorph B2 during compression. The deviatoric stress increased with increasing pressure...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Nishihara, Y.Funakoshi, K.Higo, Y.Terasaki, H.Nishiyama, N.Kubo, T.Shimojuku, A.Tsujino, N. Tags: stress measurement two-dimensional X-ray diffraction high pressure KCl phase transition research papers Source Type: journals

X-ray magnetic spectroscopy at high pressure: performance of SPring-8 BL39XUEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An X-ray magnetic circular dichroism experiment under multiple extreme conditions, 2 ≤ T ≤ 300 K, H ≤ 10 T and P ≤ 50 GPa, has been achieved at SPring-8 BL39XU. A combination of the high-brilliant X-ray beam and a helicity-controlled technique enabled the dichroic signal to be recorded with high accuracy. The performance is shown by the outcome of pressure-induced ferromagnetism in Mn3GaC and the pressure-suppressed Co moment in ErCo2. Two technical developments, a tiny diamond anvil cell inserted into a superconducting magnet and in situ pressure calibration using 90° Bragg diffraction from a NaCl marker, a...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Kawamura, N.Ishimatsu, N.Maruyama, H. Tags: X-ray magnetic circular dichroism multiple extreme conditions high pressure diamond anvil cell in situ pressure calibration Mn3GaC ErCo2 research papers Source Type: journals

Design and application of a high-temperature microfurnace for an in situ X-ray diffraction study of phase transformationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thermal treatment of mineral ores such as ilmenite can initiate phase transformations that could affect their activation or deactivation, subsequently influencing their ability to dissolve in a leaching agent. Most laboratory-based X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out ex situ in which realistic diffraction patterns could not be obtained simultaneously with occurring reactions and were time-consuming. The availability of synchrotron-radiation-based XRD not only allows in situ analysis, but significantly shortens the data recording time. The present study details the design of a robust high-temperature microfurna...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 11, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Eu, W.S.Cheung, W.H.Valix, M. Tags: furnace in situ X-ray diffraction ilmenite phase transformation research papers Source Type: journals

Combined high pressure and heavy-ion irradiation: a novel approachEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Swift heavy-ion irradiations of a wide variety of materials have been used to modify and manipulate the properties of solids at the nanoscale. Recently, these high-energy irradiations have been successfully combined with high-pressure experiments. Based on results obtained for zircon (ZrSiO4), this paper introduces this new experimental approach involving diamond anvil cells and large ion-accelerator facilities. This technique provides a wide spectrum of geoscience applications from nanoscale simulations of fission-track formation under crustal conditions to phase transitions of radiation-damaged minerals resulting from me...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 11, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Lang, M.Zhang, F.Lian, J.Trautmann, C.Neumann, R.Ewing, R.C. Tags: zircon reidite high pressure phase transitions radiation damage ion beams nanocrystals research papers Source Type: journals

Development of an energy-domain 57Fe-Mössbauer spectrometer using synchrotron radiation and its application to ultrahigh-pressure studies with a diamond anvil cellEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An energy-domain 57Fe-Mössbauer spectrometer using synchrotron radiation (SR) with a diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been developed for ultrahigh-pressure measurements. The main optical system consists of a single-line pure nuclear Bragg reflection from an oscillating 57FeBO3 single crystal near the Néel temperature and an X-ray focusing device. The developed spectrometer can filter the Doppler-shifted single-line 57Fe-Mössbauer radiation with a narrow bandwidth of neV order from a broadband SR source. The focused incident X-rays make it easy to measure a small specimen in the DAC. The present paper introduces the design a...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 11, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Mitsui, T.Hirao, N.Ohishi, Y.Masuda, R.Nakamura, Y.Enoki, H.Sakaki, K.Seto, M. Tags: nuclear Bragg scattering nuclear resonant scattering M ö ssbauer spectroscopy diamond anvil cell high pressure extreme conditions phase transition Fe3BO6 GdFe2 research papers Source Type: journals

Laser heating in diamond anvil cells: developments in pulsed and continuous techniquesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Developments in continuous and pulsed laser-heating techniques, and finite-element calculations for diamond anvil cell experiments are reported. The methods involve the use of time-resolved (5 ns gated) incandescent light temperature measurements to determine the time dependence of heat fluxes, while near-IR incandescent light temperature measurements allow temperature measurements to as low as 500 K. Further optimization of timing in pulsed laser heating together with sample engineering will provide additional improvements in data collection in very high P–T experiments. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 11, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Goncharov, A.F.Montoya, J.A.Subramanian, N.Struzhkin, V.V.Kolesnikov, A.Somayazulu, M.Hemley, R.J. Tags: laser heating diamond anvil cell pulsed laser thermal conductivity Raman spectroscopy research papers Source Type: journals

A combination of a Drickamer anvil apparatus and monochromatic X-rays for stress and strain measurements under high pressureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A modified Drickamer anvil apparatus has been developed to combine with monochromatic synchrotron radiation for high-pressure X-ray diffraction and radiography in the GSECARS bending-magnet station, 13-BM-D, at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, USA. Using this experimental set-up, deformation experiments can be carried out at pressures in excess of 30 GPa at high temperatures. Differential stresses and total axial strains of polycrystalline platinum and Mg2SiO4 ringwoodite have been measured up to 32 GPa at room temperature using tungsten carbide anvils. The total axial strain of the platinum increases with pressure...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 10, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Nishiyama, N.Wang, Y.Irifune, T.Sanehira, T.Rivers, M.L.Sutton, S.R.Cookson, D. Tags: high pressure deformation Drickamer apparatus differential stress strain research papers Source Type: journals

I18 – the microfocus spectroscopy beamline at the Diamond Light SourceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The design and performance of the microfocus spectroscopy beamline at the Diamond Light Source are described. The beamline is based on a 27 mm-period undulator to give an operable energy range between 2 and 20.7 keV, enabling it to cover the K-edges of the elements from P to Mo and the L3-edges from Sr to Pu. Micro-X-ray fluorescence, micro-EXAFS and micro-X-ray diffraction have all been achieved on the beamline with a spot size of ∼3 µm. The principal optical elements of the beamline consist of a toroid mirror, a liquid-nitrogen-cooled double-crystal monochromator and a pair of bimorph Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors....
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 10, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Mosselmans, J.F.W.Quinn, P.D.Dent, A.J.Cavill, S.A.Moreno, S.D.Peach, A.Leicester, P.J.Keylock, S.J.Gregory, S.R.Atkinson, K.D.Rosell, J.R. Tags: microfocus EXAFS Diamond XANES X-ray fluorescence research papers Source Type: journals

DISCO: a low-energy multipurpose beamline at synchrotron SOLEILEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DISCO, a novel low-energy beamline covering the spectrum range from the VUV to the visible, has received its first photons at the French synchrotron SOLEIL. In this article the DISCO design and concept of three experimental stations serving research communities in biology and chemistry are described. Emphasis has been put on high flux generation and preservation of polarization at variable energy resolutions. The three experiments include a completely new approach for microscopy and atmospheric pressure experiments as well as a `classical' synchrotron radiation circular dichroism station. Preliminary tests of the optical d...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 9, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Giuliani, A.Jamme, F.Rouam, V.Wien, F.Giorgetta, J.-L.Lagarde, B.Chubar, O.Bac, S.Yao, I.Rey, S.Herbeaux, C.Marlats, J.-L.Zerbib, D.Polack, F.Réfrégiers, M. Tags: VUV beamline spectroscopy research papers Source Type: journals

Individual GaAs nanorods imaged by coherent X-ray diffractionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy with a spot size of 220 × 600 nm, it was possible to inspect individual GaAs nanorods grown seed-free through circular openings in a SiNx mask in a periodic array with 3 µm spacing on GaAs[111]B. The focused X-ray beam allows the determination of the strain state of individual rods and, in combination with coherent diffraction imaging, it was also possible to characterize morphological details. Rods grown either in the centre or at the edge of the array show significant differences in shape, size and strain state. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 9, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Biermanns, A.Davydok, A.Paetzelt, H.Diaz, A.Gottschalch, V.Metzger, T.H.Pietsch, U. Tags: X-ray diffraction coherent diffraction imaging semiconductor nanorods phase-retrieval analysis research papers Source Type: journals

Experimental observation of a strange temporal oscillation of X-ray Pendellösung fringesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As a strange property not explained by existing theories, it has been known from experiment that X-ray moiré and Pendellösung interference fringes show a small spatial oscillation in the beam path in free space that the diffraction image carrying those fringes is propagated after emerging from the crystal. In connection with the investigation into this strange fringe oscillation, it has been found, by an experiment successively recording Pendellösung-fringe topographs using an X-ray CCD camera, that X-ray Pendellösung fringes also show a small temporal oscillation. Characteristics of this temporal Pendellösung-fringe ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - August 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Yoshimura, J.Hirano, K. Tags: X-ray interferometry Pendell ö sung fringes fringe profile analysis temporal fringe oscillation surface-plot analysis X-ray CCD camera research papers Source Type: journals

Directional lithium hydride Compton profiles of 0.1% statistical accuracyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present status and accuracy of determining the electron momentum density from experimental Compton profiles is reviewed. The new spectrometers operating at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources have made possible measurements with 0.1% statistical accuracy at the Compton peak. A comparable accuracy of the Compton profiles is achieved only after careful corrections for departures from the impulse approximation, effects of multiple scattering, and variations in the analyser response function. Detailed descriptions are given of the correction procedures applied to the data collected by the Johann-type scanning sp...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - August 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Huotari, S.Boldrini, B.Honkimäki, V.Suortti, P.Weyrich, W. Tags: lithium hydride electron momentum density directional Compton profiles reciprocal form factor research papers Source Type: journals

Current eventsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - August 13, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: , Tags: current events Source Type: journals

Novel high-temperature reactors for in situ studies of three-way catalysts using turbo-XASEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two novel high-temperature reactors for in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements in fluorescence are presented, each of them being optimized for a particular purpose. The powerful combination of these reactors with the turbo-XAS technique used in a dispersive-XAS beamline permits the study of commercial three-way catalysts under realistic gas composition and temporal conditions. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - August 13, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Guilera, G.Gorges, B.Pascarelli, S.Vitoux, H.Newton, M.A.Prestipino, C.Nagai, Y.Hara, N. Tags: in situ reactor turbo-XANES time-resolved experiment three-way catalysts research papers Source Type: journals

Spatial structure of a focused X-ray beam diffracted from crystalsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The spatial structure of a beam focused by a planar refractive lens and Bragg diffracted from perfect silicon crystals was experimentally studied at the focal plane using a knife-edge scan and a high-resolution CCD camera. The use of refractive lenses allowed for a detailed comparison with theory. It was shown that diffraction leads to broadening of the focused beam owing to the extinction effect and, for a sufficiently thin crystal, to the appearance of a second peak owing to reflection from the back surface. It was found that the spatial structure of the diffracted beam depends on whether the crystal diffracts strongly (...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - August 13, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Kazimirov, A.Kohn, V.G.Snigirev, A.Snigireva, I. Tags: X-rays focusing refractive lenses X-ray diffraction extinction effect research papers Source Type: journals

Confocal full-field X-ray microscope for novel three-dimensional X-ray imagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A confocal full-field X-ray microscope has been developed for use as a novel three-dimensional X-ray imaging method. The system consists of an X-ray illuminating `sheet-beam' whose beam shape is micrified only in one dimension, and an X-ray full-field microscope whose optical axis is normal to the illuminating sheet beam. An arbitral cross-sectional region of the object is irradiated by the sheet-beam, and secondary X-ray emission such as fluorescent X-rays from this region is imaged simultaneously using the full-field microscope. This system enables a virtual sliced image of a specimen to be obtained as a two-dimensional ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - August 13, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Takeuchi, A.Terada, Y.Suzuki, Y.Uesugi, K.Aoki, S. Tags: three-dimensional imaging secondary X-ray emission fluorescent X-ray confocal full-field X-ray microscope research papers Source Type: journals

An attempt to analyze the bark disease in Havea brasiliensis using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) technique has been used to determine the chemical change of elements induced by bark diseases in Havea brasiliensis (rubber latex tree). The results show the good sensitivity of in situ XANES for characterizing the chemical structure of phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and calcium in healthy and diseased Havea brasiliensis. Important information for understanding the bark disease involved in the sulfur metabolism of plants was also obtained from XANES. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Pattanasiriwisawa, W.Sirinupong, N.Suwanmanee, P.Daengkanit, C.Siritapetawee, J. Tags: XANES rubber Hevea brasiliensis tapping panel dryness bark necrosis research papers Source Type: journals

Focusing, collimation and flux throughput at the IMCA-CAT bending-magnet beamline at the Advanced Photon SourceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The IMCA-CAT bending-magnet beamline was upgraded with a collimating mirror in order to achieve the energy resolution required to conduct high-quality multi- and single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD/SAD) experiments without sacrificing beamline flux throughput. Following the upgrade, the bending-magnet beamline achieves a flux of 8 × 1011 photons s−1 at 1 Å wavelength, at a beamline aperture of 1.5 mrad (horizontal) × 86 µrad (vertical), with energy resolution (limited mostly by the intrinsic resolution of the monochromator optics) δE/E = 1.5 × 10−4 (at 10 kV). The beamline operates in a dynamic r...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 8, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: International Union of Crystallography Tags: X-rays bending magnet sagittal focusing collimation flux throughput macromolecular crystallography research papers Source Type: journals

Soft X-ray characterization technique for Li batteries under operating conditionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
O K-edge and Co L-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure has been used to examine the cathode of an intact solid-state lithium ion battery. The novel technique allowed for the simultaneous acquisition of partial electron yield and fluorescence yield data during the first charge cycle of a LiCoO2-based battery below the intercalation voltage. The chemical environments of oxygen and cobalt at the surface are shown to differ chemically from those in the bulk. The present design enables a wide variety of in situ spectroscopies, microscopies and scattering techniques. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 7, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Petersburg, C.F.Daniel, R.C.Jaye, C.Fischer, D.A.Alamgir, F.M. Tags: NEXAFS XANES Li ion battery in situ LiCoO2 research papers Source Type: journals

A first low-resolution difference Fourier map of phosphorus in a membrane protein from near-edge anomalous diffractionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Crystal diffraction of three membrane proteins (cytochrome bc1 complex, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, ADP-ATP carrier) and of one nucleoprotein complex (leucyl tRNA synthetase bound to tRNAleu, leuRS:tRNAleu) was tested at wavelengths near the X-ray K-absorption edge of phosphorus using a new set-up for soft X-ray diffraction at the beamline ID01 of the ESRF. The best result was obtained from crystals of Ca2+ ATPase [adenosin-5′-(β,γ-methylene) triphosphate complex] which diffracted out to 7 Å resolution. Data were recorded at a wavelength at which the real resonant scattering factor of phosphorus reaches the ...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 7, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Boesecke, P.Bois, J.M.Crépin, T.Hunte, C.Kahn, R.Kao, W.-C.Nauton, L.Winther, A.-M.L.Moller, J.Nissen, P.Nury, H.Olesen, C.Pebay-Peyroula, E.Vicat, J.Stuhrmann, H. Tags: anomalous dispersion phosphorus membrane proteins nucleoproteins research papers Source Type: journals

Wave theory of focusing monochromator of synchrotron radiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The concept of a focusing monochromator with high energy resolution is presented. Different from conventional optical schemes, the device exploits not the angular but the spatial dispersion of synchrotron radiation. The wave theory of the monochromator is developed; it shows that the monochromator can reach an energy resolution of about 0.1 meV without significant loss of the spectral density of synchrotron radiation. (Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 5, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Kohn, V.G.Chumakov, A.I.Rüffer, R. Tags: monochromator energy resolution focusing research papers Source Type: journals

Response to Krumrey's Comments on Determination of X-ray flux using silicon pin diodes by R. L. Owen et al. (2009). J. Synchrotron Rad. 16, 143–153Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 1, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Owen, R.L.Holton, J.M.Schulze-Briese, C.Garman, E.F. Tags: letters to the editor Source Type: journals

Comments on Determination of X-ray flux using silicon pin diodes by R. L. Owen et al. (2009). J. Synchrotron Rad. 16, 143–151Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 1, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Krumrey, M. Tags: letters to the editor Source Type: journals

Fast two-dimensional detection for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using the PILATUS detectorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments using the fast single-photon-counting detector PILATUS (Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland) have been performed. The short readout time of this detector permits access to intensity autocorrelation functions describing dynamics in the millisecond range that are difficult to access with charge-coupled device detectors with typical readout times of several seconds. Showing no readout noise the PILATUS detector enables measurements of samples that either display fast dynamics or possess only low scattering power with an unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio. (Source: J...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 1, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Westermeier, F.Autenrieth, T.Gutt, C.Leupold, O.Duri, A.Menzel, A.Johnson, I.Broennimann, C.Grübel, G. Tags: XPCS X-ray instrumentation two-dimensional pixel detector colloids diffusion in liquids short communications Source Type: journals

Hydrothermal formation of tobermorite studied by in situ X-ray diffraction under autoclave conditionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hydrothermal formation of tobermorite from a pre-cured cake has been investigated by transmission X-ray diffraction (XRD) using high-energy X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source in combination with a newly designed autoclave cell. The autoclave cell has a large and thin beryllium window for wide-angle X-ray diffraction; nevertheless, it withstands a steam pressure of more than 1.2 MPa, which enables in situ XRD measurements in a temperature range of 373 to 463 K under a saturated steam pressure. Formation and/or decomposition of several components has been successfully observed during 7.5 h of reaction time. Fro...
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - July 1, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Kikuma, J.Tsunashima, M.Ishikawa, T.Matsuno, S.Ogawa, A.Matsui, K.Sato, M. Tags: in situ AAC concrete hydration autoclave high-energy X-rays short communications Source Type: journals