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Enamel matrix derivative enhances tissue formation around scaffolds used for tissue engineering of ligamentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The following in vitro translational study investigated whether enamel matrix derivative (EMD), an approved biomimetic treatment for periodontal disease (Emdogain®) and hard-to-heal wounds (Xelma®), enhanced synovial cell colonization and protein synthesis around a scaffold used clinically for in situ tissue engineering of the torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Synovial cells were enzymatically extracted from bovine synovium and dynamically seeded onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) scaffolds. The cells were cultured in low-serum medium (0.5% FBS) for 4 weeks with either a single administration of EMD at the start ...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - November 21, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Michael P. Messenger, El M. Raïf, Bahaa B. Seedhom, Steven J. Brookes Source Type: journals

Investigating the importance of flow when utilizing hyaluronan scaffolds for tissue engineeringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study also highlighted the possibility that in high-density tissue culture with a biodegradable component, dynamic conditions may be more conducive to optimal tissue development than the static environment because they facilitate the efficient removal of high concentrations of degradation end-products accumulating in the pericellular space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - November 20, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gail C. Donegan, John A. Hunt, Nicholas Rhodes Source Type: journals

Enhanced treatment of articular cartilage defect of the knee by intra-articular injection of Bcl-xL-engineered mesenchymal stem cells in rabbit modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined whether the transduction of an anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, into MSCs could prevent cell death and improve the implantation efficiency of MSCs in a rabbit model. Our current findings demonstrate that the group treated with Bcl-xL-engineered MSCs could improve cartilage healing both morphologically and histologically when compared with the controls. These results suggest that intra-articular injection of Bcl-xL-engineered MSCs is a potential non-invasive therapeutic method for effectively treating cartilage defects of the knee. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering a...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - November 20, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bin Hu, Jun-Lin Ren, Jun-Rui Zhang, Qin Ma, Yan-Pu Liu, Tian-Qiu Mao Source Type: journals

Effects of mechanical loading on collagen propeptides processing in cartilage repairEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Injured articular cartilage has poor reparative capabilities and if left untreated may develop into osteoarthritis. Unsatisfactory results with conventional treatment methods have brought as an alternative treatment the development of matrix autologous chondrocyte transplants (MACTs). Recent evidence proposes that the maintenance of the original phenotype by isolated chondrocytes grown in a scaffold transplant is linked to mechanical compression, because macromolecules, particularly collagen, of the extracellular matrix have the ability to 'self-assemble'. In load-bearing tissues, collagen is abundantly present and mechani...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Rosmarie Hardmeier, Heinz Redl, Stefan Marlovits Source Type: journals

A tissue-like construct of human bone marrow MSCs composite scaffold support in vivo ectopic bone formationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports on a new cell-scaffold construct composed of gelatin-based hydrogel and ceramic (CaCO3/[beta]-TCP) particles loaded with human MSCs producing a tissue-like construct applied as a transplant for in vivo bone formation. Bone marrow-derived human MSCs were cultured in osteogenic induction medium. 5 × 105 (P2) cells were loaded on a mixture of hydrogel microspheres and ceramic particles, cultured in a rotating dynamic culture for up to 3 weeks. Both hydrogel microspheres and ceramic particles coalesced together to form a tissue-like construct, shown by histology to contain elongated spindle-like cells formi...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: D. Ben-David, T. Kizhner, E. Livne, S. Srouji Source Type: journals

Human cell culture process capability: a comparison of manual and automated productionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cell culture is one of the critical bioprocessing steps required to generate sufficient human-derived cellular material for most cell-based therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. Automated cell expansion is fundamental to the development of scaled, robust and cost effective commercial production processes for cell-based therapeutic products. This paper describes the first application of process capability analysis to establish and compare the short-term process capability of manual and automated processes for the in vitro expansion of a selected anchorage-dependent cell line. Estimates of the process capability...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yang Liu, Paul Hourd, Amit Chandra, David J. Williams Source Type: journals

Vibration stimulates vocal mucosa-like matrix expression by hydrogel-encapsulated fibroblastsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of physiologically relevant vibratory stimulation on ECM gene expression and synthesis by fibroblasts encapsulated within hyaluronic acid hydrogels that approximate the viscoelastic properties of vocal mucosa. Relative to static controls, samples exposed to vibration exhibited significant increases in mRNA expression levels of HA synthase 2, decorin, fibromodulin and MMP-1, while collagen and elastin expression were relatively unchanged. Expression levels exhibited a temporal response, with maximum increases observed after 3 and 5 days of vibratory stimulation and s...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jaishankar K. Kutty, Ken Webb Source Type: journals

Donor-matched comparison of dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rat modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have drawn much interest for the regeneration of mineralized tissues, and several studies have compared DPSCs to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). However, conflicting results, possibly due to donor-associated variability, have been published and the regenerative potential of DPSCs is currently unclear. In the present study we have sought to address this problem using a donor-matched experimental design to robustly compare the biological properties of DPSCs and BMMSCs. All experiments were performed using cells isolated from a single adult Sprague-Dawley rat. Our results sh...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Daniel L. Alge, Dan Zhou, Lyndsey L. Adams, Brandon K. Wyss, Matthew D. Shadday, Erik J. Woods, T. M. Gabriel Chu, W. Scott Goebel Source Type: journals

Compressed collagen gel: a novel scaffold for human bladder cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Collagen is highly conserved across species and has been used extensively for tissue regeneration; however, its mechanical properties are limited. A recent advance using plastic compression of collagen gels to achieve much higher concentrations significantly increases its mechanical properties at the neo-tissue level. This controlled, cell-independent process allows the engineering of biomimetic scaffolds. We have evaluated plastic compressed collagen scaffolds seeded with human bladder smooth muscle cells inside and urothelial cells on the gel surface for potential urological applications. Bladder smooth muscle and urothe...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: E.-M. Engelhardt, E. Stegberg, R. A. Brown, J. A. Hubbell, F. M. Wurm, M. Adam, P. Frey Source Type: journals

Expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells on microcarriers: growth and metabolismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study selected a suitable microcarrier for human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (HBMSCs), optimized cell-seeding strategies by varying serum concentrations, and optimized dynamic expansion of the HBMSCs in a microcarrier-based spinner flask cultivation system by applying various feeding regimes. Cytodex 1 microcarriers in combination with a low-serum concentration (0-5%) in the medium resulted in the highest seeding efficiency for the HBMSCs. Subsequently, significant expansion of the HBMSCs on these carriers has been observed. The highest number of HBMSCs population doublings (4.8 doublings) was obtained by a comb...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: D. Schop, R. van Dijkhuizen-Radersma, E. Borgart, F. W. Janssen, H. Rozemuller, H.-J. Prins, J. D. de Bruijn Source Type: journals

Human tissue-engineered bone produced in clinically relevant amounts using a semi-automated perfusion bioreactor system: a preliminary studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate a semi-automated perfusion bioreactor system for the production of clinically relevant amounts of human tissue-engineered bone. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) of eight donors were dynamically seeded and proliferated in a perfusion bioreactor system in clinically relevant volumes (10 cm3) of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds (BCP particles, 2-6 mm). Cell load and distribution were shown using methylene blue staining. MTT staining was used to demonstrate viability of the present cells. After 20 days of cultivation, the particles were covered with a homogeneous la...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 14, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: F. W. Janssen, R. van Dijkhuizen-Radersma, A. Van Oorschot, J. Oostra, J. D. de Bruijn, C. A. Van Blitterswijk Source Type: journals

A nanofibrous cell-seeded hydrogel promotes integration in a cartilage gap modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggests that a cell-seeded TGF[beta]3-supplemented hydrogel can encourage integration between two opposing pieces of articular cartilage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 14, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: S. A. Maher, R. L. Mauck, L. Rackwitz, R. S. Tuan Source Type: journals

In situ adipogenesis in fat tissue augmented by collagen scaffold with gelatin microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In situ adipose tissue regeneration in fat tissue by collagen sponges and gelatin microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was investigated. A minced collagen sponge scaffold (1 ml) was incorporated with microspheres containing 10 µg bFGF and administered into a defect of rabbit fat tissues. Adipogenesis at the administered site was evaluated histologically. The adipose tissue regeneration induced by the administration of mixed collagen scaffold and microspheres containing bFGF was significantly stronger than that of either collagen scaffold alone or microspheres containing bFGF alone. The histologica...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yu Kimura, Wakako Tsuji, Hiroyasu Yamashiro, Masakazu Toi, Takashi Inamoto, Yasuhiko Tabata Source Type: journals

A versatile 3D culture model facilitates monitoring of astrocytes undergoing reactive gliosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A major impediment to CNS repair is the glial scar, which forms following damage and is composed mainly of ramified, 'reactive' astrocytes that inhibit neuronal regrowth. The transition of astrocytes into this reactive phenotype (reactive gliosis) is a potential therapeutic target, but glial scar formation has proved difficult to study in monolayer cultures because they induce constitutive astrocyte activation. Here we demonstrate a 3D collagen gel system in which primary rat astrocytes were maintained in a persistently less reactive state than comparable cells in monolayer, resembling their status in the undamaged CNS. Re...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Emma East, Jonathan P. Golding, James B. Phillips Source Type: journals

Lysyl oxidase enhances elastin synthesis and matrix formation by vascular smooth muscle cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the utility of exogenously supplemented LOX peptides (50-100 µl/well) to elastin synthesis, crosslinking efficiency and matrix deposition in adult rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) cultures. Additionally, we also examined the role of LOX peptides on SMC proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) synthesis in these cultures. Highly purified bovine aorta LOX peptide was found to increase matrix elastin synthesis by 40-80% to that in control cultures in a dose-dependent manner, while the crosslinking efficiency significantly (as measured by the ratio of matrix elastin protein to the t...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli, Anand Ramamurthi Source Type: journals

Utilization of human limbal mesenchymal cells as feeder layers for human limbal stem cells cultured on amniotic membraneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we explored the possibility of using human limbal mesenchymal cells (HLMCs) as feeder layer for the human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs). Single cell suspension of HLECs was seeded onto denuded amniotic membranes with inactivated 3T3 fibroblasts or HLMCs as feeder layer. Expressions of Cytokeratin 3, Np63 and connexin 43 (Cx43) of the cultured epithelial cells were determined at 28 days and the ultrastructure of the epithelium was examined by transmission electron microscope after 14 days and 28 days of cultivation. In both groups, cells were differentiated into multilayer epithelium at 28 days. Basal cells...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - October 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiaomin Zhang, Huimin Sun, Xiaorong Li, Xiaoyong Yuan, Lei Zhang, Shaozhen Zhao Source Type: journals

Determination of critical size defect of minipig mandibleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The critical size defect (CSD) of bone can provide a standard for evaluating the usefulness of bone repair materials or methods. The present study aimed to determine the CSDs of the minipig mandible with and without the periosteum. Ten 18 month-old female minipigs were used. First, the premolars and the first molar in the right mandible of each minipig were extracted. Two months later, the animals were randomly divided into two groups, with six animals in group A and four in group B. In group A, bone segments of 4, 5 and 6 cm were removed from the right mandible and the neighbouring periosteum was preserved. In group B, bo...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - September 2, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jin-Ling Ma, Ju-Li Pan, Bao-Sheng Tan, Fu-Zhai Cui Source Type: journals

Impact of human amniotic membrane preparation on release of angiogenic factorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preserved amniotic membrane (AM) has been used in the field of ophthalmology and wound care due to its bacteriostatic, antiphlogistic, protease-inhibiting, re-epithelialization, wound-protecting and scar formation-reducing properties. Typically, AM is applied after banking in a glycerol-preserved or freeze-dried state. Cell viabilities in different forms of preparation vary substantially, which in consequence may also be reflected in the amount and type of growth factors released from the preserved material. Therefore, we characterized the angiogenic factor (AF) profile released from different AM preparations. For this, me...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 21, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: S. Wolbank, F. Hildner, H. Redl, M. van Griensven, C. Gabriel, S. Hennerbichler Source Type: journals

Evidence of innervation following extracellular matrix scaffold-mediated remodelling of muscular tissuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Naturally occurring porcine-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) has successfully been used as a biological scaffold material for site-specific reconstruction of a wide variety of tissues. The site-specific remodelling process includes rapid degradation of the scaffold, with concomitant recruitment of mononuclear, endothelial and bone marrow-derived cells, and can lead to the formation of functional skeletal and smooth muscle tissue. However, the temporal and spatial patterns of innervation of the remodelling scaffold material in muscular tissues are not well understood. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 20, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Vineet Agrawal, Bryan N. Brown, Allison J. Beattie, Thomas W. Gilbert, Stephen F. Badylak Source Type: journals

Force generation and protease gene expression in organotypic co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we assessed early force generation in organotypic fibroblast-epithelium co-cultures, using normal human keratinocytes (NHK) and HPV16-transformed (UP) cells. During the initial 2 h period, organotypic co-cultures containing both epithelial cell types produced significantly more force than fibroblasts alone (p < 0.05). After 2 h, the epithelial contribution became diminished and did not significantly contribute to intrinsic force generation by fibroblasts, and no differences were observed when using UP vs. NHK. We then measured protease gene expression at the end of the experimental period. Distinct differenc...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 20, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ivan B. Wall[dagger], Navneet Bhadal[dagger], Simon Broad, Simon A. Whawell, Vivek Mudera, Mark P. Lewis Source Type: journals

Fetal dermal fibroblasts exhibit enhanced growth and collagen production in two- and three-dimensional culture in comparison to adult fibroblastsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The high morbidity of tendon injuries and the poor outcomes observed following repair or replacement have stimulated interest in regenerative approaches to treatment and, in particular, the use of cell-based analogues as alternatives to autologous and allogeneic graft repair. Given the known regenerative properties of fetal tissues, the objective of this study was to assess the biological and mechanical properties of tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) composites seeded with fetal skin cells. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from pregnant rats and their fetuses and characterized in monolayer culture and on 3D resorbab...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 14, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hallie E. Brink, Joseph Bernstein, Steven B. Nicoll Source Type: journals

The differential in vitro and in vivo responses of bone marrow stromal cells on novel porous gelatin-alginate scaffoldsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study utilized a novel technique called microwave vacuum drying to fabricate porous gelatin-alginate scaffolds for the delivery of MSCs and investigated the differential in vitro and in vivo responses of MSCs seeded on these scaffolds. Scaffold total porosity was found to decrease with increased cross-link density but the pore size and pore size distribution were not affected. Although highly porous, the scaffold had relatively small pores and limited interconnectivity. The porous gelatin-alginate scaffold demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with neovascularization on the surfaces and was bioresorbed completely in...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chiming Yang, Hanspeter Frei, Fabio M. Rossi, Helen M. Burt Source Type: journals

Age-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenic capability of bladder smooth muscle cells: implications for cell-seeded technology in bladder tissue engineeringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cell seeding technology is commonly used in the field of tissue engineering to enhance the performance of bioscaffolds and promote tissue regeneration. The age of cells used for ex vivo seeding to achieve maximal tissue regeneration has not been defined. Since rapid angiogenesis is the most critical step for tissue graft survival and success, we evaluated passage-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) obtained from urinary bladder and endothelial cell response to bladder SMCs. Levels of various VEGF isoforms mRNA expression and total VEGF secretion were determi...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Joseph Azzarello, Bradley P. Kropp, Kar-Ming Fung, Hsueh-Kung Lin Source Type: journals

Micro-computed tomography for implantation site imaging during in situ oesophagus tissue engineering in a live small animal modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For tissue engineering of gastrointestinal organs, in situ implantation of constructs in the omentum is performed to utilize the body as a bioreactor for tissue generation. In this approach, constructs are fabricated into tubes, using stents, and implanted in the omentum to induce vascularization. In order to evaluate the constructs and its environment during the period of in situ tissue engineering in the rat model, micro-computed tomography imaging was performed. Imaging using micro-computed tomography was useful in localization of the position of the construct, evaluation of implant site tissue, degree of peripheral inf...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Piotr Soltysiak, Amulya K. Saxena Source Type: journals

Culture effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on cryopreserved human adipose-derived stromal/stem cell proliferation and adipogenesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined cryogenically preserved hASCs (n = 4 donors), with respect to these functions, after culture with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) at varying concentrations (0-10 ng/ml). Relative to the control, cells supplemented with EGF and bFGF significantly increased proliferation by up to three-fold over 7-8 days. Furthermore, cryopreserved hASCs expanded in the presence of EGF and bFGF displayed increased oil red O staining following adipogenic induction. This was accompanied by significantly increased levels of several adipogenesis-related mRNAs: aP2, C/EBP[alpha], lipopro...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 9, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Teddi L. Hebert, Xiying Wu, Gang Yu, Brian C. Goh, Yuan-Di C. Halvorsen, Zhong Wang, Cedric Moro, Jeffrey M. Gimble Source Type: journals

Long-term effect of platelet lysate on primary fibroblasts highlighted with a proteomic approachEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The use of platelets and platelet derivatives has acquired clinical relevance as a means of accelerating wound healing. Platelet beneficial effect is attributed to the release of growth factors and other bioactive substances able to regulate cellular activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of platelet lysate (PL) on human primary skin fibroblasts. We studied cell viability, MAPK signalling and proteomic profile of fibroblasts exposed to a platelet lysate (PL) obtained from blood sample. Crystal violet and neutral red uptake assays showed the dose-response effects of PL on cell viability...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 9, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Valentina Cipriani, Elia Ranzato, Valeria Balbo, Laura Mazzucco, Maria Cavaletto, Mauro Patrone Source Type: journals

Preparation and characterization of Antheraea assama silk fibroin based novel non-woven scaffold for tissue engineering applicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The quest for novel materials as scaffolds with suitable micro-architecture for supporting tissue neogenesis in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is continuing. In this paper we report an Antheraea assama silk-based non-woven fibroin scaffold for applications in TERM. The novel three-dimensional scaffold is highly interconnected and porous, with a pore size of 150 µm, porosity of 90% and water uptake capacity of 85%. FTIR revealed a typical [beta]-sheet structure of fibroin. The scaffold has thermal and mechanical properties superior to those of Bombyx mori, as revealed by DSC, TGA and tensile tests. The...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 9, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Naresh Kasoju, Ramesh R. Bhonde, Utpal Bora Source Type: journals

Effects of agarose mould compliance and surface roughness on self-assembled meniscus-shaped constructsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous tissue that is critically important to the loading patterns within the knee joint. If the meniscus structure is compromised, there is little chance of healing, due to limited vascularity in the inner portions of the tissue. Several tissue-engineering techniques to mimic the complex geometry of the meniscus have been employed. Of these, a self-assembly, scaffoldless approach employing agarose moulds avoids drawbacks associated with scaffold use, while still allowing the formation of robust tissue. In this experiment two factors were examined, agarose percentage and mould surface roughnes...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - August 5, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Najmuddin J. Gunja, Dan J. Huey, Regis A. James, Kyriacos A. Athanasiou Source Type: journals

Bone healing performance of electrophoretically deposited apatite-wollastonite/chitosan coating on titanium implants in rabbit tibiaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bone healing of tibial defect in rabbit model was used to evaluate a composite coating of apatite-wollastonite/chitosan on titanium implant. This coating has been developed to overcome the shortcomings, such as implant loosening and lack of adherence, of uncoated titanium implant. An electrophoretic deposition technique was used to coat apatite-wollastonite/chitosan on titanium implants. The present study was designed to evaluate the bone response of coated as compared to uncoated titanium implants in an animal model. After an implantation period of 14 (group A), 21 (group B), 35 (group C) and 42 days (group D), the bone-i...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - July 19, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Smriti Sharma, Dronacharya J. Patil, Vivek P. Soni, L. B. Sarkate, Gajendra S. Khandekar, Jayesh R. Bellare Source Type: journals

Cell encapsulation within PVA-based hydrogels via freeze-thawing: a one-step scaffold formation and cell storage techniqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, a freeze-thaw process can be utilized to prepare and store cell-laden hydrogels with adjustable mechanical properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - July 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: N. E. Vrana, A. O'Grady, E. Kay, P. A. Cahill, G. B. McGuinness Source Type: journals

Performance of new gellan gum hydrogels combined with human articular chondrocytes for cartilage regeneration when subcutaneously implanted in nude miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gellan gum is a polysaccharide that has been recently proposed by our group for cartilage tissue-engineering applications. It is commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and has the ability to form stable gels without the use of harsh reagents. Gellan gum can function as a minimally invasive injectable system, gelling inside the body in situ under physiological conditions and efficiently adapting to the defect site. In this work, gellan gum hydrogels were combined with human articular chondrocytes (hACs) and were subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 4 weeks. The implants were collected for histological (h...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - July 12, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: J. T. Oliveira, T. C. Santos, L. Martins, M. A. Silva, A. P. Marques, A. G. Castro, N. M. Neves, R. L. Reis Source Type: journals

Signalling molecules and growth factors for tissue engineering of cartilage - what can we learn from the growth plate?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Modern tissue engineering concepts integrate cells, scaffolds, signalling molecules and growth factors. For the purposes of regenerative medicine, fetal development is of great interest because it is widely accepted that regeneration recapitulates in part developmental processes. In tissue engineering of cartilage the growth plate of the long bone represents an interesting, well-organized developmental structure with a spatial distribution of chondrocytes in different proliferation and differentiation stages, embedded in a scaffold of extracellular matrix components. The proliferation and differentiation of these chondrocy...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - July 4, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Christoph Brochhausen, Meike Lehmann, Sven Halstenberg, Andrea Meurer, Günter Klaus, C. James Kirkpatrick Source Type: journals

Porcine EPCs downregulate stem cell markers and upregulate endothelial maturation markers during in vitro cultivationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the isolation and characterization of porcine EPCs from peripheral blood and the change of their cell surface marker expression during in vitro cultivation. RT-PCR demonstrated that the EPCs express stem cell markers CD34 and CD133, which decrease with in vitro cultivation time. Throughout the cultivation process EPCs did not express monocytic (CD14) or haematopoietic marker (CD45). Surprisingly, the CD31 and VE-cadherin expression in EPCs was significantly higher than in endothelial cells (ECs). In contrast, the VEGFR2 and E-selectin expression was significantly lower than in ECs, but increased dur...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - July 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Meltem Avci-Adali, Andrea Nolte, Perikles Simon, Gerhard Ziemer, Hans P. Wendel Source Type: journals

Current opportunities and challenges in skeletal muscle tissue engineeringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this article is to give a concise review of the current state of the art in tissue engineering (TE) of skeletal muscle and the opportunities and challenges for future clinical applicability. The endogenous progenitor cells of skeletal muscle, i.e. satellite cells, show a high proneness to muscular differentiation, in particular exhibiting the same characteristics and function as its donor muscle. This suggests that it is important to use an appropriate progenitor cell, especially in TE facial muscles, which have a exceptional anatomical and fibre composition compared to other skeletal muscle. Muscle TE requi...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - July 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Merel Koning, Martin C. Harmsen, Marja J. A. van Luyn, Paul M. N. Werker Source Type: journals

Bio-electrospraying whole human blood: analysing cellular viability at a molecular levelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bio-electrosprays, pioneered in 2005, have undergone several developmental studies which have seen this technique evolve as a novel direct in vivo tissue engineering and regenerative medicinal strategy. Those studies have been a hallmark for electrosprays; however, in this communication we report our on-going developmental investigations for exploring bio-electrosprays as a potential medical device and diagnostic protocol. The studies reported here demonstrate the ability to directly jet whole human blood without affecting the genetic make-up, which has been interrogated by way of reverse transcription-polymerase chain rea...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 25, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Napachanok Mongkoldhumrongkul, Steve Best, Emma Aarons, Suwan N. Jayasinghe Source Type: journals

Characterization of engineered tissue construct mechanical function by magnetic resonance imagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technology that enables the characterization of multiple physical phenomena in living and engineered tissues. The mechanical function of engineered tissues is a primary endpoint for the successful regeneration of many biological tissues, such as articular cartilage, spine and heart. Here we demonstrate the application of MRI to characterize the mechanical function of engineered tissue. Phase contrast-based methods were demonstrated to characterize detailed deformation fields throughout the interior of native and engineered tissue, using an articular cartilage defect model ...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 24, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: C. P. Neu, H. F. Arastu, S. Curtiss, A. H. Reddi Source Type: journals

Improving pore interconnectivity in polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineeringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A new scaffold fabrication technique aiming to enhance pore interconnectivity for tissue engineering has been developed. Medical grade poly(lactic acid) was utilized to generate scaffolds by a solvent-evaporating/particulate-leaching technique, using a new dual-porogen system. Water-soluble sodium chloride particles were used to control macro-pore size in the range 106-255 µm, while organic naphthalene was utilized as a porogen to increase pore interconnections. The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the scaffolds manufactured with and without naphthalene was examined by optical coherence tomography and scanning electro...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 15, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: H. M. Aydin, A. J. El Haj, E. Pi[scedil]kin, Y. Yang Source Type: journals

Initial evaluation of vascular ingrowth into superporous hydrogelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report on the potential of superporous hydrogel (SPH) scaffolds for in vivo cellular infiltration and vascularization. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) SPH scaffolds were implanted in the dorsum of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and harvested after 4 weeks of in vivo implantation. The SPHs were visibly red and vascularized, as apparent when compared to the non-porous hydrogel controls, which were macroscopically avascular. Host cell infiltration was observed throughout the SPHs. Blood cells and vascular structures, confirmed through staining for CD34 and smooth muscle [alpha]-actin, were observed th...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 14, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Vandana Keskar, Milind Gandhi, Ernest J. Gemeinhart, Richard A. Gemeinhart Source Type: journals

EDTA enhances high-throughput two-dimensional bioprinting by inhibiting salt scaling and cell aggregation at the nozzle surface.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, it is recommended that EDTA be incorporated into bio-ink solutions containing salts that could lead to nozzle failure. PMID: 19347840 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Parzel CA, Pepper ME, Burg T, Groff RE, Burg KJ Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

Role of electrospun fibre diameter and corresponding specific surface area (SSA) on cell attachment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to develop scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications, it is important to develop an understanding of the kinetics of cell attachment as a function of scaffold geometry. In the present study, we investigated how the specific surface area of electrospun scaffolds affected cell attachment and spreading. Number of cells attached to the scaffold was measured by the relative intensity of a metabolic dye (MTS) and cell spreading was analysed for individual cells by measuring the area of projected F-actin cytoskeleton. We varied the fibre diameter to obtain a specific surface area distribution in the range 2.24-1...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chen M, Patra PK, Lovett ML, Kaplan DL, Bhowmick S Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

Thoracoscopic cell sheet transplantation with a novel device.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Regenerative medicine with transplantable cell sheets fabricated on temperature-responsive culture surfaces has been successfully achieved in clinical applications, including skin and cornea treatment. Previously, we reported that transplantation of fibroblast cell sheets to wounded lung had big advantages for sealing intraoperative air leaks compared with conventional materials. Here, we report a novel device for minimally invasive transplantation of cell sheets in endoscopic surgery, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The novel device was designed with a computer-aided design (CAD) system, and the t...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Maeda M, Yamato M, Kanzaki M, Iseki H, Okano T Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

Smooth muscle tissue engineering for hybrid tubular organs: scanning electron microscopic investigations of cell interactions with collagen scaffolds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aims to investigate the interaction of smooth muscle cells on bovine collagen scaffolds cross-linked with glutaraldehyde under in vitro conditions, using scanning electron microscopy. The density of tissue generated over the 8 week period was demonstrated in terms of: (a) scaffold coverage and attachment; (b) cell density; (c) cell viability deep inside the scaffolds; and (d) cell differentiation. PMID: 19382118 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - June 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kofler K, Leitinger G, Kristler M, Saxena AK Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

In vitro interaction between mouse breast cancer cells and mouse mesenchymal stem cells during adipocyte differentiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Surgical treatment following breast cancer, i.e. lumpectomy and mastectomy, may not efficiently remove all cancerous cells. As such, when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are incorporated into the breast reconstruction process, it is likely that those MSCs will encounter remnant cancerous cells after transplantation into the defect site. The potential interaction between breast cancer cells and MSCs remains unclear. We hypothesized that paracrine interactions might occur between cells and various proteinases, growth factors and other cytokine molecules in the local microenvironment. Conditioned media (CM) from two mouse m...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xu F, Gomillion C, Maxson S, Burg KJ Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

In vitro interaction between mouse breast cancer cells and mouse mesenchymal stem cells during adipocyte differentiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Surgical treatment following breast cancer, i.e. lumpectomy and mastectomy, may not efficiently remove all cancerous cells. As such, when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are incorporated into the breast reconstruction process, it is likely that those MSCs will encounter remnant cancerous cells after transplantation into the defect site. The potential interaction between breast cancer cells and MSCs remains unclear. We hypothesized that paracrine interactions might occur between cells and various proteinases, growth factors and other cytokine molecules in the local microenvironment. Conditioned media (CM) from two mouse mamma...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 28, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Feng Xu, Cheryl Gomillion, Scott Maxson, Karen J. L. Burg Source Type: journals

Glycosaminoglycans restrained in a fibrin matrix improve ECM remodelling by endothelial cells grown for vascular tissue engineering.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to prove that fibrin matrix composition can be modified with growth factors (GFs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to promote ECM remodelling coupled with endothelial cell (EC) growth. Effect of GFs and GAGs on ECM production and remodelling was studied separately and in combination. Matrices recovered after EC cultures were analysed after immunochemical staining and it was observed that GFs and GAGs influence collagen IV and elastin deposition. Quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA after specific periods of culture demonstrated significant upregulation of elastin and collagen expression in EC by c...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Divya P, Krishnan LK Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

Glycosaminoglycans restrained in a fibrin matrix improve ECM remodelling by endothelial cells grown for vascular tissue engineeringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to prove that fibrin matrix composition can be modified with growth factors (GFs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to promote ECM remodelling coupled with endothelial cell (EC) growth. Effect of GFs and GAGs on ECM production and remodelling was studied separately and in combination. Matrices recovered after EC cultures were analysed after immunochemical staining and it was observed that GFs and GAGs influence collagen IV and elastin deposition. Quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA after specific periods of culture demonstrated significant upregulation of elastin and collagen expression in EC by c...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 17, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Pankajakshan Divya, Lissy K. Krishnan Source Type: journals

Development of an in vitro model to test the efficacy of novel therapies for IVD degeneration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability worldwide that has been linked to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of disc degeneration is now developing, which is leading to the development of a number of possible future therapies targeted at the underlying pathology and regeneration strategies. Although results thus far are promising, the investigation of such therapies in an environment that mimics the mechanical environment of the human disc in vivo is problematic. The development of an in vitro model system that can maintain metabolically active IVD tissue wi...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 14, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Le Maitre CL, Fotheringham AP, Freemont AJ, Hoyland JA Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

Human articular chondrocytes on macroporous gelatin microcarriers form structurally stable constructs with blood-derived biological glues in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biodegradable macroporous gelatin microcarriers fixed with blood-derived biodegradable glue are proposed as a delivery system for human autologous chondrocytes. Cell-seeded microcarriers were embedded in four biological glues-recalcified citrated whole blood, recalcified citrated plasma with or without platelets, and a commercially available fibrin glue-and cultured in an in vitro model under static conditions for 16 weeks. No differences could be verified between the commercial fibrin glue and the blood-derived alternatives. Five further experiments were conducted with recalcified citrated platelet-rich plasma alone a...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 14, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Pettersson S, Wetterö J, Tengvall P, Kratz G Tags: J Tissue Eng Regen Med Source Type: journals

Human articular chondrocytes on macroporous gelatin microcarriers form structurally stable constructs with blood-derived biological glues in vitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biodegradable macroporous gelatin microcarriers fixed with blood-derived biodegradable glue are proposed as a delivery system for human autologous chondrocytes. Cell-seeded microcarriers were embedded in four biological glues - recalcified citrated whole blood, recalcified citrated plasma with or without platelets, and a commercially available fibrin glue - and cultured in an in vitro model under static conditions for 16 weeks. No differences could be verified between the commercial fibrin glue and the blood-derived alternatives. Five further experiments were conducted with recalcified citrated platelet-rich plasma alone a...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sofia Pettersson, Jonas Wetterö, Pentti Tengvall, Gunnar Kratz Source Type: journals

Development of an in vitro model to test the efficacy of novel therapies for IVD degenerationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability worldwide that has been linked to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of disc degeneration is now developing, which is leading to the development of a number of possible future therapies targeted at the underlying pathology and regeneration strategies. Although results thus far are promising, the investigation of such therapies in an environment that mimics the mechanical environment of the human disc in vivo is problematic. The development of an in vitro model system that can maintain metabolically active IVD tissue within...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - May 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Christine L. Le Maitre, Andrew P. Fotheringham, Anthony J. Freemont, Judith A. Hoyland Source Type: journals