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A prospective study of sex differences in the lifetime risk of posttraumatic stress disorder among abused and neglected children grown upEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the general population, women's lifetime risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is twice that of men's. However, evidence is contradictory as to whether this sex difference is present among child abuse/neglect victims. The authors examined sex differences in PTSD among a sample of 674 individuals with documented child abuse/neglect histories assessed for PTSD in adulthood. Across all types of abuse/neglect, women were more than twice as likely to develop PTSD as men. The sex difference was greatest among sexual abuse victims. Female victims' greater revictimization explained a substantial proportion (39...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karestan C. Koenen, Cathy Spatz Widom Source Type: journals

The effect of traumatic bereavement on tsunami-exposed survivorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fourteen months after the 2004 tsunami, mental health outcome was assessed in 187 bereaved relatives, 308 bereaved friends, and in 3,020 nonbereaved Swedish survivors. Of the bereaved relatives, 41% reported posttraumatic stress reactions and 62% reported impaired general mental health. Having been caught or chased by the tsunami in combination with bereavement was associated with increased posttraumatic stress reactions. Complicated grief reactions among relatives were almost as frequent as posttraumatic stress reactions. The highest levels of psychological distress were found among those who had lost children. Traumatic ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Tom Lundin, Christina M. Hultman, Anna Lindam, Johan Dyster-Aas, Filip Arnberg, Per-Olof Michel Source Type: journals

Is maternal PTSD associated with greater exposure of very young children to violent media?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined media viewing by mothers with violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related media exposure of their preschool-age children. Mothers (N = 67) recruited from community pediatric clinics participated in a protocol involving a media-preference survey. Severity of maternal PTSD and dissociation were significantly associated with child exposure to violent media. Family poverty and maternal viewing behavior were also associated. Maternal viewing behavior mediated the effects specifically of maternal PTSD severity on child exposure. Clinicians should assess maternal and child media viewing p...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 19, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Daniel S. Schechter, Anna Gross, Erica Willheim, Jaime McCaw, J. Blake Turner, Michael M. Myers, Charles H. Zeanah, Mary Margaret Gleason Source Type: journals

Mutual influence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and chronic pain among injured accident survivors: A longitudinal studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationship between acute stress disorder (ASD), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), and chronic pain was investigated in a longitudinal study of injured accident victims (N = 323, 64.7% men). Assessments took place 5 days (T1), 6 (T2) months, and 12 (T3) months postaccident. Relations between pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms were tested by structural equation modeling. Subjects diagnosed with full or subsyndromal PTSD at T2 and at T3 (14 and 19%) reported significantly higher pain intensity. Cross-lagged panel analysis yielded a mutual maintenance of pain intensity and ASD or PTSD symptoms across T2....
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: J. Jenewein, L. Wittmann, H. Moergeli, J. Creutzig, U. Schnyder Source Type: journals

Posttraumatic stress disorder, guilt, depression, and meaning in life among military veteransEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Veterans of various service eras (N = 174) completed an Internet survey about combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, guilt, and meaning in life. Results of a hierarchical regression indicated that younger age; higher levels of combat exposure, depression, and guilt; and lower meaning in life predicted greater PTSD severity. The interaction between meaning in life and depression also was significant, with a stronger inverse relation between meaning and PTSD at lower levels of depression. Meaning in life may be an important treatment concern for veterans with PTSD symptoms, particularly a...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gina P. Owens, Michael F. Steger, Allison A. Whitesell, Catherine J. Herrera Source Type: journals

Race and ethnicity as factors in mental health service use among veterans with PTSDEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) either do not seek treatment or participate in treatment only episodically. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data to determine rates of mental health care use and to examine whether the odds of service use varied by race or ethnicity. They examined all veterans with a new diagnosis of PTSD during a one-year period. Analyses used logistic or negative binomial regression with generalized estimating equations to measure associations of race and ethnicity with mental health service use after contro...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michele R. Spoont, James Hodges, Maureen Murdoch, Sean Nugent Source Type: journals

A combined group treatment for nightmares and insomnia in combat veterans: A pilot studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insomnia and nightmares are hallmarks of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sleep disturbances in PTSD negatively impact clinical course and functioning. In this open clinical trial, the preliminary effects of a combined treatment for insomnia and nightmares in combat veterans with PTSD were assessed. Ten combat veterans participated in a 10-session group treatment combining cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia with exposure, rescripting, and relaxation therapy. Participants maintained daily sleep and dream diaries and completed self-report measures of sleep quality and PTSD symptoms pre- and posttreatment. Partici...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Leslie M. Swanson, Todd K. Favorite, Elizabeth Horin, J. Todd Arnedt Source Type: journals

Ways of coping and sense of belonging in the face of a continuous threatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the contribution of ways of coping and sense of belonging to stress responses among students in a conflict zone. Students at a college situated in an area exposed to continuous threat were divided according to their place of residence: locations inside and outside of the conflict zone. Rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was similar to rates in previous studies conducted among Israelis who had been exposed to terror. Acceptance as a way of coping and sense of belonging contributed to reducing PTSD symptoms, whereas use of alcohol and seeking support contributed to increasing stress responses. T...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Orit Nuttman-Shwartz, Rachel Dekel Source Type: journals

The influence of a major disaster on suicide risk in the populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors investigated the relationship between the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and suicide risk in New York City from 1990 to 2006. The average monthly suicide rate over the study period was 0.56 per 100,000 people. The monthly rate after September 2001 was 0.11 per 100,000 people lower as compared to the rate in the period before. However, the rate of change in suicide was not significantly different before and after the disaster, and regression discontinuity analysis indicated no change at this date. There was no net change in the suicide rate in New York City attributable to this disaster, suggesting that fa...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 10, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Briana Mezuk, Gregory Luke Larkin, Marta R. Prescott, Melissa Tracy, David Vlahov, Kenneth Tardiff, Sandro Galea Source Type: journals

Enhancing clinical trial design of interventions for posttraumatic stress disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The 2008 Institute of Medicine review of interventions research for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) concluded that new, well-designed studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of treatments for PTSD. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the Department of Defense, and the National Institute of Mental Health convened a meeting on research methodology and the VA issued recommendations for design and analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) for PTSD. The rationale that formed the basis for several of the components of the recommendations is discussed here. Fundamental goals of RCT design are describe...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Andrew C. Leon, Lori L. Davis Source Type: journals

A diagnostic interview for acute stress disorder for children and adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The goal of this study was to develop a semistructured clinical interview for assessing acute stress disorder (ASD) in youth and test its psychometric properties. Youth (N = 168) with an acute burn or injury were administered the acute stress disorder module of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA-ASD). The DICA-ASD demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including high internal consistency ([alpha] = .97) and perfect diagnostic interrater agreement ([kappa] = 1.00). Participants diagnosed with ASD scored significantly higher than those not diagnosed on validated traumatic stress symptomatology ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alisa Miller, Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Wendy Reich, Glenn Saxe Source Type: journals

Witnessed community and parental violence in relation to substance use and delinquency in a national sample of adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined whether witnessed community and parental violence represented risk factors for substance use and delinquency among adolescents, beyond the contribution of direct violence and other risk factors. We also examined the role of violence characteristics. Participants were a national sample of 3,614 adolescents. Structured telephone interviews assessed demographics, trauma history, witnessed violence, delinquency, and substance use. While accounting for trauma history and other risk factors, witnessed community and parental violence were associated with delinquency. Community violence was associated with subs...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Heidi M. Zinzow, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Rochelle F. Hanson, Daniel W. Smith, Benjamin E. Saunders, Dean G. Kilpatrick Source Type: journals

The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression on insomnia symptoms in a cohort of women with sexual abuse historiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insomnia frequently occurs with trauma exposure and depression, but can ameliorate with improvements in depression. Insomnia was assessed by the insomnia subscale of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in 106 women with childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and major depression receiving interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) in an uncontrolled pilot (n = 36) and an immediately subsequent randomized controlled trial (n = 70) comparing IPT to treatment as usual. Depression improved in each study and in both treatment conditions; insomnia had smaller, nonsignificant improvements. Overall, 95 women (90%) endorsed insomnia on the Struc...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wilfred R. Pigeon, Pamela E. May, Michael L. Perlis, Erin A. Ward, Naiji Lu, Nancy L. Talbot Source Type: journals

Overview of research addressing ethical dimensions of participation in traumatic stress studies: Autonomy and beneficenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion addresses implications of this evidence for research practice and policy, and identifies some potentially informative data collections opportunities for future trauma studies. (Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress)
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elana Newman, Danny Kaloupek Source Type: journals

Impact of a technological disaster on young children: A five-year postdisaster multiinformant studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Children exposed to a technological disaster during an understudied part of the lifespan, preschool age and early middle childhood, were assessed in a 5-year follow-up regarding mental health problems, anxiety disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Exposed children and their parents (n = 264) reported significantly more problems than controls (n = 515). The differences were greater for conduct problems (including hyperactivity) and physical symptoms, than for anxiety and depression. The long-term effects of a technological disaster on children of pre-school age at expo...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Frits Boer, Cees Smit, Mattijn Morren, Jan Roorda, Joris Yzermans Source Type: journals

The relevance of epigenetics to PTSD: Implications for the DSM-VEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can occur in response to environmental influences to alter the functional expression of genes in an enduring and potentially, intergenerationally transmissible manner. As such, they may explain interindividual variation, as well as the long-lasting effects of trauma exposure. Although there are currently no findings that suggest epigenetic modifications that are specific to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or PTSD risk, many recent observations are compatible with epigenetic explanations. These include recent findings of stress-related gene expression, in utero contrib...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - October 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rachel Yehuda, Linda M. Bierer Source Type: journals

Identifying PTSD personality subtypes in a workplace trauma sampleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors sought to identify personality clusters derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) Personality Psychopathology Five Scales in a sample of workplace claimants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Three clusters - low pathology, internalizing, and externalizing were recovered similar to those obtained by M. W. Miller and colleagues (2003, 2004, 2007) in samples of combat veterans and sexual assault victims. Internalizers and externalizers scored comparably on measures of PTSD symptom severity, general distress, and negative affect. Internalizers were uniquely characterized by an...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - October 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Martin Sellbom, R. Michael Bagby Source Type: journals

A developmental approach to complex PTSD: Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Exposure to multiple traumas, particularly in childhood, has been proposed to result in a complex of symptoms that includes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as a constrained, but variable group of symptoms that highlight self-regulatory disturbances. The relationship between accumulated exposure to different types of traumatic events and total number of different types of symptoms (symptom complexity) was assessed in an adult clinical sample (N = 582) and a child clinical sample (N = 152). Childhood cumulative trauma but not adulthood trauma predicted increasing symptom complexity in adults. Cumulative trauma p...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marylene Cloitre, Bradley C. Stolbach, Judith L. Herman, Bessel van der Kolk, Robert Pynoos, Jing Wang, Eva Petkova Source Type: journals

DSM-V PTSD diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents: A developmental perspective and recommendationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) should ensure systematic attention to age-specific manifestations and selective modifications of the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children and adolescents. The authors propose developmental refinements to the conceptual framework for PTSD based on an appreciation of the different neurosignatures of danger and safety, and maturational processes that underlie symptom presentation. This includes preliminary evidence for the developmental salience of additional dimensions for PTSD (e.g., recklessness and thril...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Robert S. Pynoos, Alan M. Steinberg, Christopher M. Layne, Ernestine C. Briggs, Sarah A. Ostrowski, John A. Fairbank Source Type: journals

Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors examine the question of whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should continue to be classified with the anxiety disorders in the upcoming revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V; American Psychiatric Association) classification system. They examine four areas of research that challenge the placement of PTSD among the anxiety disorders: research on peritraumatic emotions and their association with later PTSD symptoms, the role of emotions over the course of PTSD, physiological reactivity and emotional responses, and comorbidity patterns. The authors conc...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patricia A. Resick, Mark W. Miller Source Type: journals

Social relations and PTSD symptoms: A prospective study on earthquake-impacted adolescents in TaiwanEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This prospective longitudinal study examined two competing models, a traditional social support model and a supportive and detrimental social relations model, to clarify the association of PTSD symptoms with supportive and detrimental social relations. Seven-hundred five adolescents living near the epicenter of the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake participated in the study. The models were evaluated and cross-validated using structural equation modeling. The supportive and detrimental social relations model appeared to be a better fit. After further evaluation of three nested versions of the supportive and detrimental social rela...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chih-Hsun Wu, Sue-Huei Chen, Li-Jen Weng, Yin-Chang Wu Source Type: journals

Psychometric evaluation and validation of the German version of the Acute Stress Disorder Scale across two distinct trauma populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Addressing the lack of self-report tools for acute stress disorder assessment, the authors aimed at translating and evaluating the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) into German. The scale was applied to parents of children following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (n = 61), and to patients with an acute cardiac event (n = 52) within one month of illness-related trauma. Indices of reliability, construct, and predictive validity with established measures of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression suggest that the German ASDS is a psychometrically sound and valid instrument. (Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress)
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Susanne Helfricht, Markus A. Landolt, Hanspeter Moergeli, Urs Hepp, Dominique Wegener, Ulrich Schnyder Source Type: journals

Massive trauma and the healing role of reparative justiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this article, the author focuses on victims/survivors' experiences of justice processes after massive trauma. Reparative justice insists that every step throughout the justice experience - from the first moment of the court's encounter with a potential witness, to the follow-up of witnesses after their return home, to the aftermath of the completion of the case - presents an opportunity for redress and healing. Conversely, this experience may present a risk of missing opportunities for healing and reintegrating victims into their societies, or, worse, (re)victimizing and (re)traumatizing them. Although restitution, reha...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yael Danieli Source Type: journals

Is posttraumatic stress disorder a stress-induced fear circuitry disorder?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neuroimaging studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have reported functional abnormalities in brain regions involved in fear conditioning, extinction, and emotion regulation. These findings have prompted researchers to consider whether PTSD can be characterized as a stress-induced fear circuitry disorder. In this review, the authors summarize the results of functional neuroimaging studies and conclude that there is a strong argument for characterizing PTSD as a stress-induced fear circuitry disorder. They also acknowledge that (a) fear is not the only emotion associated with PTSD, (b) a state of fear is not requir...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lisa M. Shin, Kathryn Handwerger Source Type: journals

Reformulating PTSD for DSM-V: Life after Criterion AEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder has been criticized on numerous grounds, but principally for three reasons (a) the alleged pathologizing of normal events, (b) the inadequacy of Criterion A, and (c) symptom overlap with other disorders. The authors review these problems along with arguments why the diagnosis is nevertheless worth retaining in an amended form. A proposal for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) is put forward that involves abolishing Criterion A, narrowing the B criteria to focus on the core phenomena of flashbacks and nightmares, and narrowing...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chris R. Brewin, Ruth A. Lanius, Andrei Novac, Ulrich Schnyder, Sandro Galea Source Type: journals

Selected highlights of the ISTSS 2008 Annual MeetingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No Abstract. (Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress)
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stuart W. Turner, Jane Herlihy, Ulrich Schnyder Source Type: journals

Human rights and the trauma model: Genuine partners or uneasy allies?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since World War II, a comprehensive body of international law has developed to protect and promote human rights. Three generations of rights can be delineated: civil and political; economic, social and cultural; and collective rights. The convergence of a medical rights-based campaign in the late 1970s with the emergence of the new trauma model resulted in mental health professionals playing a prominent role in documenting and protecting civil and political rights. Economic, social, and cultural rights also emerged as being pivotal, particularly in the Australian context as mental health professionals began to work with ex...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zachary Steel, Catherine R. Bateman Steel, Derrick Silove Source Type: journals

Should PTSD Criterion A be retained?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Criterion A has been controversial since its inception, partially because it performs a key gate keeping function. Major criticisms of Criterion A of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) include that it has resulted in "criterion creep." The authors tested the hypothesis that a nonrestrictive definition would substantially increase posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence by determining PTSD based on Criteria B, C, D, E, and F, without restricting Criterion A in large probability samples of U.S. adolescents and Florida adults. Few ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dean G. Kilpatrick, Heidi S. Resnick, Ron Acierno Source Type: journals

Gene-environment interaction in posttraumatic stress disorder: An updateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors provide a detailed review of the extant gene-environment interaction (GxE) research in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They begin with a discussion of why PTSD is uniquely fitting for the innovative framework of GxE methodology, followed by a review of the heritability and main effect molecular genetics studies of PTSD. Next, they discuss the six GxE investigations to date on PTSD. They end with a discussion of future directions and significance of this research, with an emphasis on the expansion of psychosocial factors that may be fitting environmental variables for inclusion in this new ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - September 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karestan C. Koenen, Ananda B. Amstadter, Nicole R. Nugent Source Type: journals

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult survivors three months after the Sichuan earthquake in ChinaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study investigated the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated risk factors among adult survivors 3 months after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China. One thousand five hundred sixty-three earthquake survivors in two communities participated in the study. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 37.8% and 13.0%, respectively, in the two communities that were affected differently by the earthquake. The significant predictive factors for the severity of PTSD symptoms were female gender, subnationality, lower educational level, lower social support, and higher initial exposure level. The results indicat...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Li Wang, Yuqing Zhang, Wenzhong Wang, Zhanbiao Shi, Jianhua Shen, Ming Li, Yong Xin Source Type: journals

Posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories in children living in families reported for family violenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examined latent class trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associations between demographics, prior trauma, and reason for referral on class membership. Children ages 7-18 (n=201) were recruited for participation in the Navy Family Study following reports to the U.S. Navy's Family Advocacy Program (FAP). Initial interviews were conducted 2-6 weeks following FAP referral, with follow-ups conducted at 9-12, 18-24, and 36-40 months. Growth mixture modeling revealed two latent class trajectories: a resilient class and a persistent symptom class. Relative to youth in the resilient class, pa...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - August 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nicole R. Nugent, Benjamin E. Saunders, Linda M. Williams, Rochelle Hanson, Daniel W. Smith, Monica M. Fitzgerald Source Type: journals

Suicide risk factors and mediators between childhood sexual abuse and suicide ideation among male and female suicide attemptersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study examined the manner in which childhood sexual abuse (CSA) history relates to risk factors for suicidal behavior among recent suicide attempters (n = 166). Men who recently attempted suicide and endorsed a CSA history had higher scores on measures of hopelessness and suicide ideation than men without a CSA history. Men with a CSA history were also more likely to have made multiple suicide attempts and meet diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. In contrast, there were fewer group differences as a function of CSA history among the female suicide attempters...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - August 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Megan Spokas, Amy Wenzel, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Gregory K. Brown, Aaron T. Beck Source Type: journals

The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the NetherlandsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Little information exists on the lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population of the Netherlands. A national representative sample of 1087 adults aged 18 to 80 years was selected using random digit dialing and then surveyed by telephone using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to determine the prevalence of trauma and DSM-IV PTSD. The lifetime prevalence of any potential trauma was 80.7%, and the lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 7.4%. Women and younger persons showed higher risk of PTSD. It was concluded that PTSD is a fairly common disorder ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Giel-Jan de Vries, Miranda Olff Source Type: journals

Nonresponse to a population-based postdisaster postal questionnaire studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined nonparticipation in a 2-year postdisaster mail survey of Norwegian tourists evacuated from countries affected by the 2004 tsunami. One hundred seventy-one persons out of a random sample of 330 nonparticipants were telephone interviewed concerning disaster exposure, current posttraumatic stress reactions, and reasons for not participating. Fewer nonparticipants than participants had been in a place directly affected by the tsunami. Nonparticipants reported less perceived threat of death and lower levels of posttraumatic stress reactions. Reasons for not participating were "lack of interest or time" (39.2%), "lac...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ajmal Hussain, Lars Weisaeth, Trond Heir Source Type: journals

The impact of sudden gains in cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated sudden gains, i.e., rapid and stable improvements, in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms that may occur in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Twenty-nine of 72 participants (39.2%) experienced a sudden gain during treatment. Mixed model ANOVAs analyzed sudden gains impact on clinician-rated PTSD symptom severity, patient-rated PTSD symptom severity, and patient-rated depressive symptom severity. Sudden gains in PTSD symptomology were associated with greater reductions in PTSD symptom severity for the avoidance/numbing and hyperarousal symptom clusters at posttreatment. By 6-month follow-up, th...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kacie A. Kelly, Shireen L. Rizvi, Candice M. Monson, Patricia A. Resick Source Type: journals

Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of injured childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined in 334 parents of children with traffic-related injuries. In the first month after their child's injury, 12% of parents had ASD and another 25% had partial ASD. Among 251 parents assessed again approximately 6 months postinjury, 8% had PTSD and another 7% had partial PTSD. The ASD and PTSD severity were associated (r = .54), but ASD status was not a sensitive predictor of later PTSD. Independent predictors of ASD severity included prior trauma exposure, peritrauma exposure and perceptions of the child's pain and life threat, and child ASD se...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nancy Kassam-Adams, Courtney Landau Fleisher, Flaura Koplin Winston Source Type: journals

The role of couples' interacting World Assumptions and relationship adjustment in women's postdisaster PTSD symptomsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined 58 heterosexual couples' interacting assumptions about the world and relationship adjustment in predicting wives' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after severe flooding. Both partners completed the World Assumptions Scale (Janoff-Bulman, 1989), and wives reported on their intimate relationship adjustment and PTSD symptomatology. Neither husbands' nor wives' assumptions alone predicted wives' PTSD symptoms. However, the interaction of husbands' and wives' benevolent world assumptions significantly predicted wives' PTSD symptoms. When husbands held less benevolent world assumptions, there was...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Candice M. Monson, Jaimie L. Gradus, Heidi A. J. La Bash, Michael G. Griffin, Patricia A. Resick Source Type: journals

Posttraumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War veteransEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans (N = 407) referred to Veterans Affairs mental health care. The authors also examined if risk for suicidal ideation was increased by the presence of comorbid mental disorders in veterans with PTSD. Veterans who screened positive for PTSD were more than 4 times as likely to endorse suicidal ideation relative to non-PTSD veterans. Among veterans who screened positive for PTSD (n = 202), the risk for suicidal ideation was 5.7 times greater in veterans who screened positive for two or more comorbid disor...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Matthew Jakupcak, Jessica Cook, Zac Imel, Alan Fontana, Robert Rosenheck, Miles McFall Source Type: journals

Does trauma survey research cause more distress than other types of survey research?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Members of institutional review boards who evaluate trauma research protocols frequently face the task of balancing potential risk with potential benefit. However, no known study has examined the relative effect of participating in a trauma-related survey compared to participating in a nontrauma survey. The authors randomly assigned participants receiving care in an outpatient PTSD treatment program to complete questionnaires assessing either trauma-related or nontrauma content. Participants completing trauma-related questionnaires reported feeling sadder and more tense than other participants, though they did not report d...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Amanda G. Ferrier-Auerbach, Christopher R. Erbes, Melissa A. Polusny Source Type: journals

Psychological consequences of forced evacuation on children: Risk and protective factorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Children's psychological distress and symptoms after forced evacuation from the Gaza Strip in Israel were studied. Fifty families living in temporary residences 2 weeks postevacuation were assessed for general political and evacuation life events exposure as risk factors and family support and hardiness as protective factors. The hypothesis predicting a positive correlation between forced evacuation events and political life events and symptom levels was confirmed. Perceived family support served as a significant predictor of symptomatology, but not family hardiness, substantiating parents' role in aiding children's coping...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 10, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michelle Slone, Anat Shoshani, Tal Paltieli Source Type: journals

Examining the relationship between resilience and posttraumatic growthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To extend the literature the present study aims to examine the interrelationships between resilience (defined by a lack of posttraumatic stress disorder following trauma) and posttraumatic growth. Two studies were conducted of Israeli: (a) adolescents exposed to terror (N = 2908), and (b) citizens and army personnel following the second Lebanon War (N = 588). Across studies the results showed that high levels of resilience were associated with the lowest posttraumatic growth scores. The results imply that although growth and resilience are both salutogenic constructs they are inversely related. The theoretical and clinical...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stephen Z. Levine, Avital Laufer, Einat Stein, Yaira Hamama-Raz, Zahava Solomon Source Type: journals

PTSD symptoms, satisfaction with life, and prejudicial attitudes toward the adversary among Israeli civilians exposed to ongoing missile attacksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Few studies have examined the consequences of exposure to ongoing missile attacks in civilian populations. The authors examine the relationships between such exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), satisfaction with life, and prejudicial attitudes toward the adversary. By using a stratified probability sampling, 160 adults, exposed to repeated missile attacks in southern Israel, were compared to 181 adults from areas outside the range of these attacks. Exposed participants reported more PTSD symptoms and less satisfaction with life, as compared to unexposed participants. The associations between PTSD and satisf...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Avi Besser, Yuval Neria Source Type: journals

Adverse childhood events are associated with obesity and disordered eating: Results from a U.S. population-based survey of young adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and obesity in young adulthood (M age = 22) in a large, U.S. representative sample (N = 15,197). Controlling for demographics and depression, men with a history of childhood sexual abuse were at increased risk of overweight and obesity. No association between childhood abuse and obesity or overweight was observed for women in this sample. Higher percentages of skipping meals to lose weight and problematic eating were observed among women with a history of physical abuse. This is the first study to note an association between childhood abuse with obesity and ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bernard F. Fuemmeler, Eric Dedert, F. Joseph McClernon, Jean C. Beckham Source Type: journals

Male-to-female sexual aggression among Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam veterans: Co-occurring substance abuse and intimate partner aggressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study examined the frequency and correlates of coercive sexual behaviors by male Iraq, Afghanistan, and/or Vietnam veterans recruited from a Veterans Affairs trauma recovery clinic (n = 92) toward their female partners. Men who reported sexual aggression in the past year (n = 37) compared to men who did not report sexual aggression in the past year (n = 55) more frequently reported impulsive aggression, dominating/isolating, and physically assaulting their partner, and were more likely to have a substance abuse diagnosis. Sexually aggressive men were significantly less likely than nonsexually aggressive men to ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Andra L. Teten, Julie A. Schumacher, Sara D. Bailey, Thomas A. Kent Source Type: journals

The effects of PTSD symptomatology on laboratory-based aggressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study sought to examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and aggression using a highly controlled, quasi-experimental laboratory-based aggression paradigm among a sample of 85 undergraduate students not help-seeking for current PTSD phenomena. Congruent with theory and past research, results showed that PTSD symptomatology was positively associated with aggression. In demonstrating this effect using a laboratory-based methodology, the present study provides a heuristic for future researchers to explore potential mediators and moderators of the PTSD-aggression relation...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Aaron J. Kivisto, Todd M. Moore, Sara R. Elkins, Deborah L. Rhatigan Source Type: journals

The relationship of posttraumatic growth to peritraumatic reactions and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Sri Lankan university studentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationships of posttraumatic growth to peritraumatic reactions and posttraumatic stress symptoms were examined in 93 Sri Lankan university students who had experienced a traumatic life event. Posttraumatic growth was associated with peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress symptoms, but was not associated with peritraumatic emotional distress. Results indicated a curvilinear relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic growth and between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth. In a regression model predicting posttraumatic growth scores, each of the quadratic relationsh...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Shannon E. McCaslin, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Lisa D. Butler, Stacey Hart, Charles R. Marmar, Thomas J. Metzler, Cheryl Koopman Source Type: journals

Participant reactions to a pretreatment research assessment during a treatment outcome study for PTSDEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Participants' reactions to pretreatment assessments have not been studied as part of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study examined participants' reactions in women with PTSD who completed pretreatment assessments during an RCT. We assessed participant reactions (N = 100) to a pretreatment assessment that included self-report questionnaires, interviews, and psychophysiological assessment. Results indicated that participation in pretreatment assessment was well tolerated as measured by participants' reports of distress, interest level, perceptions of the appropriatenes...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patricia A. Resick, Katherine M. Iverson, Caroline E. Artz Source Type: journals

Work limitations in employed persons seeking treatment for chronic posttraumatic stress disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study adds new knowledge on the scope of work impairment of PTSD and identifies the important need for developing work-focused measurement tools and interventions. (Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress)
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - July 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jaye Wald Source Type: journals

Agricultural cycle and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder: A longitudinal community study in postwar MozambiqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the influence of participation in the agricultural cycle on the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence and correlated symptoms longitudinally in postcivil war Mozambique. Prevalence rates were examined in the end and the outset of the agricultural cycle in a community population (N = 240). The agricultural cycle, which is characterized by fluctuations in physical activities, social connectedness, and the sense of purpose in life influences the PTSD prevalence and correlated symptoms. By studying the influence of the agricultural cycle on PTSD prevalence, severe PTSD cases that fail to respond t...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - June 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Victor Igreja, Wim Kleijn, Beatrice Dias-Lambranca, Douglas A. Hershey, Clara Calero, Annemiek Richters Source Type: journals

Behavioral predictors of acute stress symptoms during intense military trainingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A better understanding of factors influencing human responses to acute stress is needed to enhance prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders. In the current study, the authors examined predictors of acute stress symptoms during intense military training in 35 men. In univariate and multivariate models, perceived stress, passive coping, and emotion-focused coping during daily living predicted acute stress symptoms in response to realistic survival training, whereas active coping and problem-focused coping did not. Baseline stress levels and coping styles, both of which may be modifiable, appear to play a fundamen...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - May 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marcus K. Taylor, Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi, Genieleah A. Padilla, Amanda E. Markham, Eric G. Potterat, Nausheen Momen, Todd C. Sander, Gerald E. Larson Source Type: journals