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Relationship Power and Sexual Risk among Women in Community-Based Substance Abuse TreatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Relationship power has been highlighted as a major factor influencing women’s safer sex practices. Little research, however, has specifically examined relationship power in drug-involved women, a population with increased risk for HIV transmission. Using baseline data from a National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network multisite trial of a women’s HIV prevention intervention in community-based drug treatment programs, this paper examined the association between sexual relationship power and unprotected vaginal or anal sex. The Sexual Relationship Power Scale, a measure of relationshi...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - November 18, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Should Pharmacists have a Role in Harm Reduction Services for IDUs? A Qualitative Study in Tallinn, EstoniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, there are no formal or legislative obstacles for providing HIV prevention services for IDUs at pharmacies. Addressing negative attitudes through educational courses and involving pharmacists willing to be public health educators in high drug use areas would improve access for HIV prevention services for IDUs. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9400-5Authors Sigrid Vorobjov, National Institute for Health Development Estonian Drug Monitoring Centre Tallinn EstoniaAnneli Uusküla, Estonian Centre of Excellence in Behavioural and Health Sciences Tartu EstoniaKatri Abel-Ollo, National Inst...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - November 18, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Ambient Air Conditions and Variation in Urban Trail UseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the effect of air quality and administrative policies on use of urban trails in Indianapolis, IN. Attention is focused on two policy variables: (1) issuance of air pollution advisories and (2) the adoption of Daylight Savings Time. Results suggest that while trail use varies with air quality, current public advisories regarding air pollution may be of limited effectiveness in reducing trail users’ exposures to hazardous pollutants. In contrast, the adoption of Daylight Savings Time was associated with a statistically significant increase in traffic levels. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.100...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - November 13, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Estimating Populations of Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Southern United StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Population estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) by state and race/ethnicity are lacking, hampering effective HIV epidemic monitoring and targeting of outreach and prevention efforts. We created three models to estimate the proportion and number of adult males who are MSM in 17 southern states. Model A used state-specific census data stratified by rural/suburban/urban area and national estimates of the percentage MSM in corresponding areas. Model B used a national estimate of the percentage MSM and state-specific household census data. Model C partitioned the statewide estimates by race/ethni...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - November 13, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Temporal Trends in Spatial Access to Pharmacies that Sell Over-the-Counter Syringes in New York City Health Districts: Relationship to Local Racial/Ethnic Composition and NeedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions were consistent across both measures of “need” and persisted after controlling for local poverty rates. In both high- and low-need districts, spatial access to OTC pharmacies was greater in “Whiter” districts in 2001; in high-need districts, access also increased more rapidly over time in “whiter” districts. Ensuring equitable spatial access to OTC pharmacies may reduce injection-related HIV transmission overall and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in HIV incidence among injectors. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9399-7Authors Hannah L. F. Cooper, Emory University Rollins...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - November 13, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Changing the Landscape of an Urban Public Mental Health System: The 2008 New York State/New York City Mental Health-Criminal Justice Review PanelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9407-yAuthors Thomas E. Smith, New York State Office of Mental Health New York NY USALloyd I. Sederer, New York State Office of Mental Health New York NY USA Journal Journal of Urban HealthOnline ISSN 1468-2869Print ISSN 1099-3460 (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - November 7, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Access to Healthful Foods among an Urban Food Insecure Population: Perceptions versus RealityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The influence of local food environments on the risk for obesity is important overall, but may be particularly important for food insecure populations in urban settings. Access to healthful foods is most limited among racial and ethnic minorities and low-income populations; these same populations experience the highest rates of obesity and food insecurity. Few valid and reliable measures have been developed to assess the quality of local food environments. This research addresses this gap by introducing an inventory for measuring self-reported perceptions of food access and then compares the percept...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - November 7, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Infection among Male Injection Drug Users in Detention, Tehran, IranEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract For the benefit of planning for the future care and treatment of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to help guide prevention and control programs, data are needed on HCV seroprevalence and associated risk factors. We conducted a cross-sectional sero-behavioral survey of injection drug users (IDU) detained for mandatory rehabilitation during a police sweep of Tehran, Iran, in early 2006. During the study period, a consecutive sample comprising 454 of 499 (91.0%) men arrested and determined to be IDU by urine test and physical examination consented to a face-to-face interview and blood c...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - October 21, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Community-Based Services for Homeless Adults Experiencing Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Realist Approach to Synthesizing EvidenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined scholarly and nonscholarly literature to explore program approaches and program elements that lead to improvements in mental health and substance use disorders among homeless individuals with concurrent disorders (CD). Information related to program contexts, elements, and successes and failures were extracted and further supplemented by key informant interviews and author communication regarding reviewed published studies. From the ten programs that we reviewed, we identified six important and promising program strategies that reduce mental health and, to a far lesser degree, substance use problems: clien...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - September 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection in New York City, 2004Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Accurate hepatitis C prevalence estimates are important to guide local public health programs but are usually unavailable to local health jurisdictions. National surveys may not reflect local variation, a particular challenge for urban settings with disproportionately large numbers of residents in high-risk population groups. In 2004, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene conducted the NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a population-based household survey of non-institutionalized...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 12, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Health in the Urban Environment: A Qualitative Review of the Brighton and Hove WHO Healthy City ProgramEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents the findings from a recently completed review of Brighton and Hove’s Healthy City Program which aimed to scope whether added value had accrued from the city’s role as a WHO Healthy City during phase IV. In contrast to most other evaluations of healthy cities, this review adopted a qualitative approach representing an appraisal of the Brighton and Hove Healthy City Program from the internal viewpoint of its local stakeholders. In addition to documentary analysis and a facilitated workshop, a series of in-depth interviews (N = 27) were conducted with stakeholders from the Brighton and Hove ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 11, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Evaluating Community-based Prevention ProgramsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9395-yAuthors Ana Cristina Garcia, New York Academy of Medicine Division of Health Policy New York NY USAJeffrey Levi, Trust for America’s Health Washington DC USARuth Finkelstein, New York Academy of Medicine Division of Health Policy New York NY USA Journal Journal of Urban HealthOnline ISSN 1468-2869Print ISSN 1099-3460 (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 7, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Does Living Density Matter for Nonfatal Unintentional Home Injury in Asian Urban Settings? Evidence from Hong KongEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the association between nonfatal unintentional household injuries with the resident’s sociodemographic attributes and household characteristics in Hong Kong, the city with the world’s highest population density. A cross-sectional retrospective recall study was conducted in May 2007 using a random telephone survey with a modified Chinese version of the World Health Organization Injury and Violence instrument. The study sample included 1,001 noninstitutionalized Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong residents of all ages, including foreign live-in domestic helpers. Multivariate regression was conducte...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - July 28, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Multidimensional Social Support and the Health of Homeless IndividualsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Homeless individuals often suffer from serious health problems. It has been argued that the homeless are socially isolated, with low levels of social support and social functioning, and that this lack of social resources contributes to their ill health. These observations suggest the need to further explore the relationship between social networks, social support, and health among persons who are homeless. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between multidimensional (cognitive/perceived and behavioral/received) social support and health outcomes, including physical health status...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - July 25, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Measuring the Food Environment: Shelf Space of Fruits, Vegetables, and Snack Foods in StoresEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Dietary patterns may be influenced by the availability and accessibility within stores of different types of foods. However, little is known about the amount of shelf space used for healthy and unhealthy foods in different types of stores. We conducted measurements of the length of shelf space used for fruits, vegetables, and snack foods items in 419 stores in 217 urban census tracts in southern Louisiana and in Los Angeles County. Although supermarkets offered far more shelf space of fruits and vegetables than did other types of stores, they also devoted more shelf space to unhealthy snacks (mean 2...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - July 15, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Cancer Prevention Behaviors in Low-Income Urban Whites: An Understudied ProblemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides rare estimates of cancer-related health and health care measures in an understudied population in the United States. Findings illustrate the need for further examination of health behaviors in low SES white urban populations who may share health risks with their poor minority urban counterparts. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9391-2Authors Janice V. Bowie, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Disparities Solutions Baltimore MD USAHee-Soon Juon, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Health, Behavior and Society Baltimore MD U...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - July 14, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

The Columbia-Harlem Homeless Medical Partnership: A New Model for Learning in the Service of Those in Medical NeedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Though altruism and patient advocacy are promoted in medical education curricula, students are given few opportunities to develop these skills. Student-run clinics focusing on the health needs of the underserved can provide important health services to needy patients while providing students with career-influencing primary care experiences. The Columbia-Harlem Homeless Medical Partnership (CHHMP)—a project initiated by medical students to provide primary care to Northern Manhattan's homeless population—serves as a new model of service learning in medical education. Unlike many other student-run ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - July 9, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Physical Activity Resource Attributes and Obesity in Low-Income African AmericansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract More than two thirds of Americans are overweight or obese, and African Americans are particularly vulnerable to obesity when compared to Caucasians. Ecological models of health suggest that lower individual and environmental socioeconomic status and the built environment may be related to health attitudes and behaviors that contribute to obesity. This cross-sectional study measured the direct associations of neighborhood physical activity resource attributes with body mass index (BMI) and body fat among low-income 216 African Americans (Mean (M) age = 43.5 years, 63.9% female) residing in 1...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - July 9, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Secular Changes in Mortality Disparities in New York City: A ReexaminationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Previously published analyses showed that inequalities in mortality rates between residents of poor and wealthy neighborhoods in New York City (NYC) narrowed between 1990 and 2000, but these trends may have been influenced by population in-migration and gentrification. The NYC public housing population has been less subject to these population shifts than those in other NYC neighborhoods. We compared changes in mortality rates (MRs) from 1989–1991 to 1999–2001 among residents of NYC census blocks consisting entirely of public housing residences with residents of nonpublic housing low-income and ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 26, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program (SATHCAP), July 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9373-4Authors Wilson Compton, National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research 6001 Executive Blvd. Bethesda MD 20892 USAJacques Normand, National Institute on Drug Abuse AIDS Research Program 6001 Executive Blvd. Bethesda MD 20892 USAElizabeth Lambert, National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research 6001 Executive Blvd. Bethesda MD 20892 USA Journal Journal of Urban HealthOnline ISSN 1468-2869Print ISSN 1099-3460 (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 20, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Earthquake-Prone CitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9383-2Authors David Sharp, 2 Iron Mills Minchinhampton GL6 9AL UK Journal Journal of Urban HealthOnline ISSN 1468-2869Print ISSN 1099-3460 (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 19, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

A Multilevel Analysis of Social Ties and Social Cohesion among Latinos and Their Neighborhoods: Results from ChicagoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Research suggests that, among Latinos, there are health benefits associated with living in a neighborhood populated with coethnics. While social networks and social cohesion are the proposed explanation for the salubrious effect and are assumed to be characteristics of Latino immigrant enclaves, evidence for this is limited. We used multilevel regression to test the relative contribution of individual race/ethnicity and neighborhood concentration of Mexican Americans as predictors of social networks and social cohesion. After accounting for personal characteristics, we found a negative association b...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 19, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Bridging Sexual Boundaries: Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women in a Street-Based Sample in Los AngelesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the potential contribution of bisexual men to the spread of HIV in Los Angeles. We compare the characteristics and behaviors of men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) to men who have sex with only women (MSW) and men who have sex with only men (MSM) in Los Angeles. Men (N = 1,125) who participated in one of the two waves of data collection from 2005 to 2007 at the Los Angeles site for NIDA’s Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV—Cooperative Agreement Program were recruited using Respondent Driven Sampling. Participants completed Audio Comput...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 19, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Identifying Hidden Sexual Bridging Communities in ChicagoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study takes initial steps toward moving the analysis of sexual network linkages beyond individual and risk group levels to a community level in which Chicago’s 77 community areas are examined as subpopulations for the purpose of identifying potential bridging communities. Of particular interest are “hidden” bridging communities; that is, areas with above-average levels of sexual ties with other areas but whose below-average AIDS prevalence may hide their potential importance for HIV prevention. Data for this analysis came from the first wave of recruiting at the Chicago Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 19, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Correlation between ERMI Values and Other Moisture and Mold Assessments of Homes in the American Healthy Homes SurveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) values in the Department of Housing and Urban Development American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) homes and an alternative analysis frequently used in mold investigations, i.e., the inspector’s “walk-through” assessment of visual or olfactory evidence of mold combined with occupant’s answers to a questionnaire about mold odors and moisture. Homes in the highest ERMI quartile were in agreement with visual inspection and/or occupant assessment 48% of the time but failed to de...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 18, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Peer Support using a Mobile Access Van Promotes Safety and Harm Reduction Strategies among Sex Trade Workers in Vancouver’s Downtown EastsideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Women in the sex trade whose economic and social base are urban streets face multiple dangers of predation, isolation, and illness. A Mobile Access Project (MAP) to provide emergency medical help, peer counseling, condoms and clean needles, resource information and referral, and a place of respite and safety was initiated for sex trade workers in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. We conducted surveys with 100 women sex workers who accessed MAP services and reviewed MAP logbooks to document use of services. We assessed the impact of MAP through review of data from a concurrent cohort study of inje...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Risky Business: Focus-Group Analysis of Sexual Behaviors, Drug use and Victimization among Incarcerated Women in St. LouisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study used focus-group methodology to explore high-risk sexual behaviors, drug use, and victimization among female offenders in St. Louis. Inmates of the St. Louis Medium Security Institution (MSI) were invited to participate in one of five focus groups between May and September 2005 in preparation for an NIH/NINR HIV-prevention intervention study among female offenders in Drug Court. The focus group sample of 30 women was 70% African-American, with a mean age of 36 years. Results indicated that oral sex was the most common sex trade activity. Consistent with the literature, condom usage was described as irr...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

To Reduce Urban Disparities in Health, Strengthen and Enforce Equitably Environmental and Consumer LawsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract While observers agree that reducing disparities in health is an important health priority for the USA, there is little agreement and no comprehensive plan to achieve this goal. In this commentary, we make the case for reducing the disproportionate exposure to environmental and consumer hazards as a promising strategy for reducing health disparities. Exposures to environmental risks such as air pollution, lead, and hazardous wastes and to consumer products such as tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy food have been identified as significant threats to health and important contributors to disparities in he...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Body Mass Index, Neighborhood Fast Food and Restaurant Concentration, and Car OwnershipEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined whether fast food and restaurant concentrations are associated with body mass index and whether car ownership might moderate this association. We linked the 2000 US Census data and information on locations of fast food and other restaurants with the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study database, which consists of 2,156 adults sampled from 63 neighborhoods in Los Angeles County. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate associations between body mass index (BMI), fast food and restaurant concentration, and car ownership after adjustment for individual-level factors and socioeconomic characteristics of r...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Potential Bridges of Heterosexual HIV Transmission from Drug Users to the General Population in St. Petersburg, Russia: Is it Easy to be a Young Female?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The epidemic of HIV in St. Petersburg, which is currently concentrated among injection drug users (IDUs), may be penetrating into the general population. Non-IDUs who have IDU sex partners (SP) could be potential bridges in an expanding epidemic. To investigate potential bridges, we accrued a convenience sample of 288 non-IDUs whose HIV diagnosis was attributed to sexual transmission and we determined the proportion that had IDUs among their SP. Having IDU SP ever (lifetime) and IDU SP in the last year were the key variables for the analysis of potential bridges in this study. The interaction of gen...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Limited Utility of Name-Based Tuberculosis Contact Investigations among Persons Using Illicit Drugs: Results of an Outbreak InvestigationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Persons named by a patient with tuberculosis (TB) are the focus of traditional TB contact investigations. However, patients who use illicit drugs are often reluctant to name contacts. Between January 2004 and May 2005, 18 isoniazid-resistant TB cases with matching Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes (spoligotypes) were reported in Miami; most patients frequented crack houses and did not name potentially infected contacts. We reviewed medical records and reinterviewed patients about contacts and locations frequented to describe transmission patterns and make recommendations to control TB in this pop...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Is Sprawl Associated with a Widening Urban–Suburban Mortality Gap?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This paper examines whether sprawl, featured by low development density, segregated land uses, lack of significant centers, and poor street connectivity, contributes to a widening mortality gap between urban and suburban residents. We employ two mortality datasets, including a national cross-sectional dataset examining the impact of metropolitan-level sprawl on urban–suburban mortality gaps and a longitudinal dataset from Portland examining changes in urban–suburban mortality gaps over time. The national and Portland studies provide the only evidence to date that (1) across metropolitan areas, t...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 17, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Homonegativity, Substance Use, Sexual Risk Behaviors, and HIV Status in Poor and Ethnic Men Who Have Sex with Men in Los AngelesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluates associations between internalized homonegativity and demographic factors, drug use behaviors, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV status among men who have sex with men (MSM) and with men and women (MSM/W). Participants were recruited in Los Angeles County using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and completed the Internalized Homonegativity Inventory (IHNI) and questionnaires on demographic and behavioral factors. Biological samples were tested for HIV and for recent cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin use. The 722 MSM and MSM/W participants were predominantly African American (44%) and Hispanic (28%), ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 13, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Polydrug Use among IDUs in Tijuana, Mexico: Correlates of Methamphetamine Use and Route of Administration by GenderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined factors associated with methamphetamine use and routes of administration by gender among injection drug users (IDUs). From 2006–2007, IDUs ≥18 years old in Tijuana were recruited using respondent-driven sampling, interviewed, and tested for HIV, syphilis, and TB. Logistic regression was used to assess associations with methamphetamine use (past 6 months), stratified by gender. Among 1,056 participants, methamphetamine use was more commonly reported among females compared to males (80% vs. 68%, p < 0.01), particularly, methamphetamine smoking (57% vs. 34%; p < 0.01). Among females...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 12, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Transactional Sex among Men and Women in the South at High Risk for HIV and Other STIsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Transactional sex refers to selling sex (exchanging sex for money, drugs, food, shelter, or other items) or purchasing sex (exchanging money, drugs, food, shelter, or other items for sex). These activities have been associated with a higher risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in a variety of populations and settings. This paper examines correlates of purchasing and selling sex in a large sample of drug users, men who have sex with men, and sex partners of these groups. Using respondent-driven sampling, participants were recruited between 2005 and 2008 in two urban and two rural co...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 10, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Behaviorally Bisexual Men and their Risk Behaviors with Men and WomenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we compared 97 men who have sex with men only (MSM) to 175 men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). We also compared the 175 MSMW to 772 men who have sex with women only (MSW). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess correlates of MSMW risk behaviors with men and with women as well as whether MSMW, compared with MSW, engaged in more risky behaviors with women. Compared with MSM, MSMW were less likely to be HIV-positive or to engage in unprotected receptive anal intercourse. In contrast, MSMW were more likely than MSW to be HIV-positive and to engage in anal interc...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 10, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Special Issue: Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program (SATHCAP), July 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9374-3Authors Richard Rothenberg, Georgia State University Institute of Public Health 140 Decatur St. Atlanta GA 30302 USARichard Jenkins, National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research 6001 Executive Blvd. Bethesda MD 20892 USAElizabeth Lambert, National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research 6001 Executive Blvd. Bethesda MD 20892 USA Journal Journal of Urban HealthOnline ISSN 1468-2869Print ISSN 1099-3460 (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 10, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

The Potential for Bridging of HIV Transmission in the Russian Federation: Sex Risk Behaviors and HIV Prevalence among Drug Users (DUs) and their Non-DU Sex PartnersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The HIV epidemic that began in Russia in the mid-1990s has been concentrated mostly among drug users (DUs). Recent evidence of increasing HIV cases among non-DUs attributed to sexual behavior raises potential concern about a more generalized epidemic. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the potential for HIV transmission from DUs to their non-DU sex partners. Analyses are conducted using data collected during 2005–2008 in St. Petersburg, Russia. A total of 631 DUs were recruited into the sample with an HIV prevalence of 45%. A majority (84%) of DUs reported being sexually active in the past...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 9, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Potential for Intensive Volunteering to Promote the Health of Older Adults in Fair HealthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Volunteer service opportunities for older adults may soon be expanded. Although volunteering is thought to provide health benefits for healthier older adults, it is not known whether older adults in less than very good health are suitable candidates for high-intensity volunteering and can derive health benefits. This manuscript presents a prospective analysis of 174 older adult volunteers serving in Experience Corps Baltimore®, a high-intensity senior volunteer program in Baltimore, Maryland. Volunteers served ≥15 h per week, for a full school year, in elementary schools helping children wit...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 2, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Effects of State-Level Firearm Seller Accountability Policies on Firearm TraffickingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Criminals illegally obtaining firearms represent a great risk to many urban residents. This cross-sectional study of 54 US cities uses data on state laws governing gun sales, a survey of law enforcement agencies’ practices to promote compliance with gun sales laws, and crime gun trace data to examine associations between these policies and practices with gun trafficking indicators. Higher levels of local gun ownership were linked with greater intrastate gun trafficking. Regression models estimate that comprehensive regulation and oversight of gun dealers and state regulation of private sales of ha...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 29, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Differences in Sexual Identity, Risk Practices, and Sex Partners between Bisexual Men and Other Men among a Low-Income Drug-Using SampleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) represent an important target population for understanding the spread of HIV because of the inherent bridging aspect of their sexual behavior. Despite their potential to spread HIV between gender groups, relatively little recent data have been reported about this population as a subgroup distinct from men who have sex with men only. This paper analyzes data from the Chicago site of Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program to characterize 343 MSMW in terms of their demographics, drug use, sexual risk behavior, sexual identity,...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 29, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Association of Occupational and Substance Use Factors with Burnout among Urban Transit OperatorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Burnout is a special type of prolonged occupational stress that is linked with numerous psychosomatic and psychological sequelae and negative job consequences. The purpose of this study is to estimate the contribution of occupational and substance use factors to burnout among a multiethnic sample of urban transit operators (n = 1231). Survey and medical exam data were obtained from participants in the 1993–1995 San Francisco MUNI Health & Safety Study. Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory emotional exhaustion subscale. Occupational factors included frequency of job problems ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 27, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Finding Targets for Obesity Intervention in Urban Communities: School-Based Health Centers and the Interface with Affected YouthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence, geographic distribution, sociodemographic, and comorbidity factors associated with obese status as a part of a public health system needs assessment. We conducted a cross-sectional clustered sampling utilizing prospective anthropometric measurement and chart review. Demographic, anthropometric, and medical comorbidity data were collected from 2,630 students in SBHCs in Baltimore, MD, USA. Students were geocoded to their primary residential address and assigned to a census block group using MapInfo v6.5. Demographic and comorbidity associations were analyzed u...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 27, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Simultaneous Recruitment of Drug Users and Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and Russia Using Respondent-Driven Sampling: Sampling Methods and ImplicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program (SATHCAP) examined the role of drug use in the sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from traditional high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and drug users (DU), to lower risk groups in three US cities and in St. Petersburg, Russia. SATHCAP employed respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and a dual high-risk group sampling approach that relied on peer recruitment for a combined, overlapping sample of MSM and DU. The goal of the sampling approach was to recruit an RDS sample of MSM, DU, a...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 27, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Sexual Mixing Patterns and Partner Characteristics of Black MSM in Massachusetts at Increased Risk for HIV Infection and TransmissionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for HIV infection in the United States compared to other MSM. The aim of this study was to investigate Black MSM’s sexual mixing patterns and partner characteristics in relation to sexual risk taking, as a possible explanation for this observed increase in HIV incidence. Between January and July 2008, 197 Black MSM were recruited via modified respondent-driven sampling and completed optional pretest and post-test HIV serological testing, counseling, and a demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial assessment battery. Bivariate and multivar...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 24, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Incarceration and High-Risk Sex Partnerships among Men in the United StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Incarceration is associated with multiple and concurrent partnerships, which are determinants of sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV. The associations between incarceration and high-risk sex partnerships may exist, in part, because incarceration disrupts stable sex partnerships, some of which are protective against high-risk sex partnerships. When investigating STI/HIV risk among those with incarceration histories, it is important to consider the potential role of drug use as a factor contributing to sexual risk behavior. First, incarceration’s influence on sexual risk taking may ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 21, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Health of the Homeless and Climate ChangeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The homeless are amongst the most vulnerable groups in developed regions, suffering from high rates of poorly controlled chronic disease, smoking, respiratory conditions, and mental illness, all of which render them vulnerable to new and resurgent disease processes associated with climate change. To date, there have been no papers reviewing the impacts of climate change on the homeless population. This paper provides a framework for understanding the nature of such an impact. We review four pathways: increased heat waves, increased air pollution, increased severity of floods and storms, and the chan...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 15, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Mixed Method Approaches to Understanding Cancer-Related Dietary Risk Reduction among Public Housing ResidentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Improving diet is one important pathway for addressing cancer disparities. We conducted mixed-method analyses of 468 24-h dietary recalls from 156 African–American women residents of Washington DC public housing to better understand dietary patterns. Recalls were rated for five cancer-related preventive characteristics (adequate fruits/vegetables, moderate fat, moderate calories, no alcohol, and adequate Healthy Eating Index score), combined as a scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified psychosocial and dietary characteristics associated with scale scores. Qualitative analyses of diet...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 15, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

Who Purchases Nonprescription Syringes? Characterizing Customers of the Expanded Syringe Access Program (ESAP)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study represents the first attempt in the USA to survey pharmacy nonprescription syringe customers at their point of purchase. We surveyed 62 individuals purchasing nonprescription syringes in seven pharmacies located in NYC and Albany, NY, USA. Three quarters of respondents purchased for illicit use, and 36% purchased for medical use, with differences found by race and gender. Half got their syringes from pharmacies “most of the time.” Half had ever been refused a syringe purchase in a NYS pharmacy, with men, Blacks, and Hispanics reporting higher levels of refusals than women or whites. Two thirds reported ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 12, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals

The Effect of Urban Street Gang Densities on Small Area Homicide Incidence in a Large Metropolitan County, 1994–2002Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11524-009-9346-7Authors Paul L. Robinson, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles CA USAW. John Boscardin, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USASheba M. George, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles CA USASenait Teklehaimanot, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles CA USAKevin C. Heslin, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles CA USARicky N. Bluthenthal, California State University Urban Community Research Center, Sociology Department Dominguez Hills Carson C...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 7, 2009 Category: Health Management Tags: Journal of Urban Health Source Type: journals